Respiratory Disorders

AsthmaChronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Respiratory Disorders

• Asthma• COPD - a general heading

– Chronic bronchitis– Emphysema

• In asthma and COPD, air flow is obstructed– Gas exchange compromised– Heart must work harder to deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from body’s tissues

Respiratory Disorders: Incidence

• Asthma:– 21.3 million diagnosed adults in 2004 (8.9 million children)

– 3,780 deaths in 2004

• COPD:– Approximately ten million diagnosed in 2004

– 123,884 deaths– Up to 90% due to smoking

– Other: dust, occupational hazards, pollution, genetic conditions

Respiratory Anatomy

• Main structures• Illustration (ALA)

Asthma

• Spasm in airway, resulting in reduced ability to exchange air– Normal vs inflammed bronchiole

• Triggers– Smoke– Perfumes, other strong odors– Allergens– Cold air– Exercise

• Video

Chronic Bronchitis

• Inflammation in bronchioles• Different from bacterial infection

– Ongoing, so long-term health effects

• Usually caused by smoking• Cells lining respiratory tract are damaged– Cilia attached to cells function to sweep mucous and debris out of airways

• Over time, air exchange problems can enlarge heart

• Video (about.com)

Emphysema

• Alveoli damaged– Since air exchange occurs in alveoli, body does not receive adequate oxygen

– Illustration (Lung Assn Canada)– Normal alveoli photo (kuma.us)– Alveoli affected by emphysema photo (kuma.us)

– Barrel chest (illustration and photo)•After50health.com, pathguy.com