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8/14/2019 Respiratory Antiviral Herbs - Serene Foster
1/22
Anti-Viral Herbs in Respiratory VirusInfections:
A Research Update
Serene Foster 18 th October 03
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Eleutherococcus
Panax
Glycyrrhiza
Tabebuia
Hypericum
Melissa
Thuja
Baptisia
Andrographis
Astragalus
Echinacea
Sambucus
Anti-Viral Herbs
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Viral Replication Causes the Symptoms
Replicate for survival
Inflammatory and InnateImmune Response
Fever Muscle aches Rhinitis Sneeze
Cold symptoms
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Immunity to Virus infections
V
V
V
Epithelial Cells
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
Pro
InflammatoryCytokines
IL-8 IL-11 IFN- and IFN-
Macrophages
IL-1 TNF- F
NK cellsIFN-
Anti-viral
Antibodies T cells
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What do we Expect From Our Herbs?
Direct anti-viral
Reduce/inhibit replicationKill virus directlyInhibit spread of virus
Boost Immunity
Stimulate innate immunityBoost specific cellular
immunityAnti-viral
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Boost Immunity Boost symptoms
The Dilemma ?
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Immunostimulation Immunomodulation
Boost Immunity Reduce Symptoms
The Balance
Duration Severity
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Anti-Viral Research
Stimulate cells with anti-viral activity
Natural Killer cells
NeutrophilsIFN-
Kill virus infected cells
IFN- Macrophages
IL-6 TNF- IL-12 NO
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Activation of NK cells by Echinacea
Human peripheral blood
Echinacea 16 hours
Activated CD69+ cellsCD16+ CD56+ NK cells
Activates lysisFrequency
Gan et al, 03 (Phytomedicine)
Wagner & Jurcic, 02 (Phytomedicine) Glycerrhiza and Echinacea
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Activation of Macrophages by Echinacea
Alveolar macrophages in rats (BAL)
Goel et al, 02 (J Nutritional Biochemistry)
Echinacea by gavage 4 daysCichoric acid polysaccharidesalkylamides
TNF- IFN- NO
(Reninger et al, 00, mouse macrophages, ex-vivo human PBMCs)
Phagocytic activity
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Bodinet et al, 02 (Phytomedicine)
Thuja Baptisia Echinacea
Spleen cells (mice)
(orally)
IL-2 IFN- GM-CSF IL-1 TNF- Peritoneal macrophages
Immunomodulation by a herbal mixture
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Antibody Response to Sheep Red Cells
Thuja Baptisia Echinacea(orally)
SRBCs
(9 days)
Antibody Response
Bodinet et al, 02
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Activation of whole blood by Eleutherococcus
Human PBMCs
Eleutherococcus
Rantes IL-6 IL-12
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Activation of Peripheral blood
Panossian et al, 02 (Phytomedicine)
Andrographis and Eleutherococcus
IFN- TNF-
HPBL PHA plus extracts
SHA-10 SHE-3
Neopterin 2m sIL-2R
HPBL
Neopterin 2m
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Inflammatory pathway
Arachidonic acid
Cyclo-oxygenase5-lipoxygenase
Prostaglandins
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Echinacea and Hypericum
Raso et al, 02 (J Pharm Pharmacol)
Hypericum +Echinacea Echinacea
iNOS COX-2 COX-2
Mice paw oedema
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Anti-Viral Activity
IFN like activity Direct anti-viral
Echinacea
EleutherococcusIncreased viral antigen on cells
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Clinical trials
Anti-inflammatoriesAnti-Virals (HRV)
PleconarilIbruprofen
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Anti-Viral activity of Eleutherococcus
Virus plaque assays
Virus infected cells
Eleutherococcus
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Anti-Viral effects of
Eleutherococcus
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Activation of the immune response
M NK cells Antibody
Modulation of the immune response
Inhibition of activation
Regulatory cytokine productionInhibition of inflammation
Direct anti-viral activity
Combat the Common cold
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Our Aim as Phytotherapists
Reduce duration and cold symptoms
Mix of herbs stimulatory and modulatory
Echinacea and Eleutherococcus