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Respiration and Excretion
Human Body Systems
Essential Questions
How do humans carry out the life process, respiration?
How do humans carry out the life process, excretion?
What happens to metabolic wastes produced by cells?
Parts of the Respiratory System
1. Nose: Air comes in through the
The surface inside the nose is lined with
The cilia help to small particles entering the nostrils
nostrils
Mucus, hairs and cilia
filter
Parts of the Respiratory System!
2.Nasal Passage: Found above the nostrils also lined with
The and mucus help to do 2 things to the inhaled air
mucus
cilia
Warms and moistens
3. Pharynx- also called your
4. also called your voice box contains vocal cords which are stretched which vibrate when air passes by.
Throat- when air and food crosses
Larynx
5. Trachea- also called your the top of your trachea is covered by the
supported by lined with at the top it splits into 2
Wind Pipe
epiglottis
cartilage
mucus
bronchi
TRACHEA CLIP
6. Bronchi- 2 large tubs that lead into
they branch like a tree into
7. Bronchioles- Very small tubes found in the lungs
there are of them!
The lungs
bronchioles
hundreds
8. Alveoli- called the There are of them
Surrounded by a membrane
This is where of the oxygen in the blood occurs
Also, of the wastes, Carbon dioxide out of the blood occurs.
Air sacs
millions
Thin, moist
intake
The removal
Breathing Caused by changing pressure in the chest
cavity Rate is affected by the amount of CO2 in the
blood Affects the medulla of the brain It’s a feedback mechanism Breathing into a paper bag
How is does the pressure change in the chest cavity? The diaphragm:
A shelf of muscle extending between the thorax and abdomen of mammals
In other words it is a muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity the expands and contracts.
When the diaphragm expands, in enlarges the chest cavity creating a low pressure inside the lungs which causes air to rush into the lungs
When the diaphragm contracts, in makes the chest cavity smaller, increasing the pressure, pushing air out of the lungs.
What happens to the oxygen? Oxygen is carried by hemoglobin in a cell
called oxyhemoglobin Carbon dioxide is carried in the plasma of the
blood in the form of a bicarbonate ion.
Malfunctions
Bronchitis: Inflammation of the membrane of bronchial
tubes caused by infection
Malfunctions Asthma
Allergic response characterized by constriction of bronchial tubes
Malfunctions Emphysema:
Change in the structure pf the lung characterized by enlargement or degeneration of the alveoliLoss of elasticity and lung capacityCaused by highly polluted air or
cigarette smoke
Normal lungs Emphysema
Malfunctions
Pneumonia: The alveoli fill with
Lung Cancer:
Fluid, which prevents gas exchange
Disease in which tumors form
Excretory System
Organ Function Problems/ Facts
LUNGS
SKIN
LIVER
KIDNEYS- filter blood & produce
urine
URETERS
BLADDER
URETHRA
Carries urine to the bladder
Carries urine out of the body
Collapsible sac that temporarily stores urine
Excretes waste products and regulates salt and water
Glands secrete sweat, which contains a small amount of urea
Removes metabolic waste, removes carbon dioxide
Converts ammonia to urea, removes harmful substance from blood
if bile isn’t eliminated- jaundiceDetoxication of blood
Temperature regulation
Kidney stones & symptoms of diabetes
End products of aerobic respiration
4 Things Excretedby your body
•Carbon Dioxide•Sweat•Urine•Water/ salt
3 ways your urinary system maintains Homeostasis
Excrete metabolic wasteBalance water and saltFilters blood
renal artery
Renal vein
Adrenal gland
kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra
cortex
medulla
pelvis
ureter
How many?
Where? How big? What do they do?
What type of waste is made?
What gland is found on
them?
KIDNEYS
2Tucked up under ribcage on either side of spinal cord
About the size of a clenched fist
Adrenal
- release hormones associated with stress
Urine
Produced from urea, water and other wastes
Filter blood and produce urine
** Filter out the BAD- REABSORB the GOOD!
Some good things to keep
in the urine
Some bad things in the urine to get rid of
•Nutrients•Salts•Amino acids•Blood proteins•Glucose
•Ammonia•Urea•Glucose