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Page 1Free Powerpoint Templates
RESPIRATION
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1.3
Realising the importance of a
healthy respiratory
system.
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1.3.1
List of substances which are
harmful to the respiratory
system,
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What is the harmful substances toour respiratory system? TetrachloroethaneDichloroethane TrichloropropaneDichloropropaneButanoneAcroleinAluminum
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Ammonia Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Cadmium Carbon Monoxide Chlorine
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Chlorine Dioxide & ChloriteChromiumCobaltCresolsDichloropropenes Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and
Fluorine
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Formaldehyde Asbestos Fuel Oils / Kerosene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) Hydraulic Fluids Hydrazines Hydrogen Sulfide Ionizing Radiation Jet Fuels JP-5 and JP-8
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Malathion Manganese n-Nitrosodiphenylamine Naphthalene, 1-Methylnapthalene, 2-
Methylnapthalen Nickel Plutonium Propylene Glycol Radon Sulfur Dioxide
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1.3.2Explain the effects ofpollutants on the respiratorysystem
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Chemical Pollution
Chemical pollutants from manufacturing companiessuch as smog, exhaust from diesel fueled vehicles,inhaled gases such as huffing, high red zone days thatare high temperatures, high humidity, and increasepollen counts are effect the healthy of respiratorysystem
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Air pollution
Nicotine and tar (from the smoke of cigarettes), sulphur
dioxide (from factories), and carbon monoxide (from the
smoke of vehicles) and haze, are effect the healthy of
respiratory system
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1.3.3
Effects of harmful substances
such as toxinand carcinogen onthe respiratory system.
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1.3.3.1
Toxin
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A poisonous substance, especially a protein, thatis produced by living cells or organisms and iscapable of causing disease when introduced intothe body tissues but is often also capable ofinducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.
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The most common effect of chemical substances
(toxic) on the respiratory tract is irritation.
Toxicity can result from the irritant and/or corrosive
properties of a chemical, with effects ranging from
minor irritations that are relatively reversible to
extensive damage resulting in permanent disability or
death.
It can occur in any of the three anatomical divisions
of the lung.
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Examples of irritant gases include chlorine, sulfurdioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and ammonia.
The extent of damage depends on the nature of the
chemical, as well as the duration and concentration
of the exposure.
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1.3.3.2
Carcinogen
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A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily,
mutagens or teratogens.
Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular
metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which
interferes with normal biological processes.
A flatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus
Aspergillums flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and
peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturally-
occurring microbial carcinogen.
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Cooking protein-rich food at high temperatures, such
as broiling or barbecuing meats, can lead to the
formation of many potent carcinogens that are
comparable to those found in cigarrette smoke (i.e.,
benzo[a]pyrene).
Pre-cooking meats in a microwave oven for 2-3
minutes before broiling can help minimize the
formation of these carcinogens.
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1.3.4
List the diseases that affect
the respiratory system,
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Respiratory disease
Any condition that affects the respiratory system is
referred to as a respiratory disease or disorder.
Respiratory disease is diseases of the respiratory
system.
These include diseases of the lung, pleural cavity,
bronchial tubes, trachea, upper respiratory tract
and of the nerves and muscles of breathing.
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Cold Emphysema Empyema Eosinophilic Pneumonia Laryngeal Cancer Laryngomalacia Legionnaires' Disease Lung Cancer
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Common cold Influenza Sinusitis Pharyngitis and tonsillitis Lymphagioleiomyomatosis LAM Persistent Cough Pleurisy (Pleuritis)
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Pulmonary Fibrosis Respiratory Distress Syndrome Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Sarcoidosis Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Silicosis Sinus Infection Tonsillitis Tuberculosis Valley Fever
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1.3.5How to improve the qualityof air.
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5 Simple Steps to Improve Indoor Air Quality1) Keep your floors fresh. Suck it up. Chemicals and allergens can accumulate in household dust for
decades. By using a vacuum with a HEPA filter you can reduce
concentrations of lead in your home. You can also get rid of other toxins, like brominated fire-
retardant chemicals (PBDEs) as well as allergens like pollen,pet dander, and dust mites.
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Mop it up. Mopping picks up the dust that vacuuming leaves behind. You can skip the soaps and cleaners and just use plain water
to capture any lingering dust or allergens. New microfiber mops (and dust cloths) reportedly capture
more dust and dirt than traditional fibers nd dont requireany cleaning solutions whatsoever.
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Keep it out. Put a large floor mat at every door. People track in all sorts of chemicals via the dirt on
their shoes. A door mat reduces the amount of dirt, pesticides, and
other pollutants from getting into your home. If the mat is big enough, even those who don't wipe
their shoes will leave most pollutants on the mat -- notthe floors in your home.
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2) Keep a healthy level of humidity.
Dust mites and mold love moisture. Keeping humidity around 30 -50 helps keep them and other
allergens under control. A dehumidifier (and air conditioner during summer months) helps
reduce moisture in indoor air and effectively controls allergens,Lang says.
An air conditioner also reduces indoor pollen count -- another plusfor allergy-sufferers.
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More tips for dehumidifying your home:
Use an exhaust fan or crack open a window whencooking, running the dishwasher, or bathing.
Don't overwater houseplants.
Vent the clothes dryer to the outside.
Fix leaky plumbing to prevent moisture-loving mold.
Empty drip pans in your window air conditioner and
dehumidifier
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3) Make your home a no-smoking zone.
"Probably the single most important aspect of indoor air
pollution is secondhand cigarette smoke," says Philip
Landrigan, MD, a pediatrician and director of the Children's
Environmental Health Center at Mount Sinai School of Medicine
in New York City.
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals. Research
shows that secondhand smoke increases a child's risk of
developing ear and respiratory infections, asthma, cancer, and
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). For the smoker, this
addiction causes cancer, breathing problems, heart attacks, and
stroke.
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4) Test for radon.
Whether you have a new or old home, you could have a
radon problem.
This colorless, odorless gas significantly raises the risk of
lung cancer.
Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the
U.S. today.
If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your
risk of lung cancer is especially high.
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