Resistive SFCL

7/30/2019 Resistive SFCL

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By

MATTA MADAN KUMARMr. P. RAJA,

Assistant Professor,

Department of EEE, NITT.

MODELING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE

SUPERCONDUCTING FAULT CURRENTLIMITERS


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Objectives

To develop functional model of Novel Hybrid type Superconducting Fault

Current Limiter (HT-SFCLs)

Superconducting fault current limiter application - to reduce the transformer

Inrush current


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Introduction

As increase in power demand

Electrical power system

Size increases Complexity increases

Increase in disturbance

(fault)

Present system

Breaker capacity < if fault Current level increases


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Fault Current Limiter

Requirements of fault current limiter

In normal operation impedance is low

High speed working

In fault condition high impedance

Repeated using

Types of current limiters

Current limiting reactor

Is-limiter

Network splitting

Solid-state fault current limiter

Superconducting fault current limiter


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Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)

Tc: critical temperature

Bc: critical magnetic field

Jc: critical current density

Superconductor Critical Plane

If any value over a critical level

Superconducting State

( Z = 0 )S/N transition

Normal Conducting State

( Z 0 )

Bc

Jc

Tc


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Mathematical Modeling of Resistive type SFCL

During Fault

After Fault Clearing

Rn = max resistance of SFCL t0 = fault occurring instant TF = time constant

Rr= recovery starting resistance of SFCL t1 = fault clearing instant a = recovery slope


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Modeling of Resistive type SFCL in PSCAD

HTSC Element Value Unit

Maximum Resistance ( Rn ) 5

Time Constant ( TF ) 0.05 s

Recovery starting resistance ( Rr ) 5

Recovery Slope ( a ) -100 1/s

Setting parameters for Resistive (HTSC element) typeSFCL in PSCAD


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Implementation flow of (HTSC element)Resistive type SFCL in PSCAD


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Flux-Lock type SFCL

Configuration diagram of flux-lock typeSFCL

Three winding transformer

1st winding is connected in

series with load

2nd winding is connected inseries with HTSC element total

in parallel with 1st winding.


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Mathematical modeling of Flux- Lock typeSFCL

Normal Operation

Short Circuit Condition

v1, v2 and v3 are voltages across coil 1, 2 and 3 respectively n1, n2 and n3 are numbers of turns of coils


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Modeling of Flux-Lock type SFCL in PSCAD

Flux-Lock type SFCL Value unit

Turns number of coil 1(N1

) 100 Turns

Turns number of coil 2(N2 ) 40 Turns

Turns number of coil 3(N3 ) 1, 10, 50,100 Turns

Resistance inserted in coil 3 (R) 0.1

Setting parameters for Flux-Lock type SFCL in PSCAD


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Simulation Results

Test system

m PSCAD test systemPSCAD test systemModel test system

Parameter ValueUnit

Source voltage 132 V (rms)

Source impedance 0.6342

System frequency 50 Hz

Line nominal current 10.9 A (rms)

Load impedance 11.5+ j 0.1

Total simulation time 2 s


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Line Current

line current

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 ...

...

...

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

line

currentin

kA

line current

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...

...

...

0.0000

0.0020

0.0040

0.0060

0.0080

0.0100

0.0120

RmslinecurrentinkA

rms current

Time in sec

Instantaneous line current without fault

Rms value of line current without fault


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Case study 1: Without RSFCL

PASCAD Test system under line to groundfault without RSFCL

Test system model under line to groundfault without RSFCL


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Line Current During Fault

line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

line

currentin

kA

line current

Time in sec

Instantaneous line current with fault

Rms line curr ent

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...

...

...

0.000

0.025

0.050

0.075

0.100

0.125

0.150

0.175

0.200

0.225

Rmslinecurrentin

kA

rms current

Time in sec

Rms value of line current with fault


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Case study 2: With RSFCL

Test system model under line to ground

fault with RSFCL

PSCAD test system under line to ground

fault with RSFCL


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Resistance variation of RSFCL and line currentwith RSFCL

Resistance variation of RSFCL

Instantaneous line current with RSFCL

Time in sec

line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

-0.150

-0.100

-0.050

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

line

currentin

kA

line current

Time in sec


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Line Current with RSCL

Rms value of line current with RSFCL

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

RmslinecurrentinkA

rms current

Time in sec

Without RSFCL With RSFCL

Parameter Value Unit Parameter Value Unit

Line fault

current

206.8141 A (rms) Line fault

current

23.9 A (rms)

Summary of simulation results for test system under line to ground fault with and without

RSFCL


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Case study 3: With Flux- lock type SFCL

Test system model under line to ground

fault with Flux- Lock type SFCL

PSCAD test system under line to ground

fault with Flux-Lock type SFCL


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Results of flux-lock SFCL with Coil3 to Coil1 turns ratio

of SFCL = 1

Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL

N3/N1=1

Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=1

line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

line

cutrrentin

kA

line current

Time in sec

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

0.000

0.025

0.050

0.075

0.100

0.125

0.150

0.175

0.200

0.225

Rmsline

currentin

kA

line rms current

Time in sec


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of SFCL = 0.5

Instantaneous line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.5

Rms value of line current with flux-lock type SFCL N3/N1=0.5

line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...

...

...

-0.30

-0.20

-0.10

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

line

cutrrentin

kA

line current

Time in sec

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

0.000

0.025

0.050

0.075

0.100

0.125

0.150

0.175

0.200

Rmsline

currentin

kA

line rms current

Time in sec


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of SFCL = 0.1



line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ......

...

-0.150

-0.100

-0.050

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

line

cutrrentin

kA

line current

Time in sec

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...

...

...

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

Rms

line

currentin

kA

line rms current

Time in sec


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of SFCL = 0.01



line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 ...

...

...

-0.150

-0.100

-0.050

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

line

cutrrentin

kA

line current

Time in sec

Rms line current

0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00

...

...

...

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

Rmsline

currentin

kA

line rms current

Time in sec


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Variation of Percentage Current Limitation with Percentage of N3/N1 Ratio

Comparison between RSFCL and Flux-lock type SFCL

Parameter With RSFCL With Flux-lock SFCL

% fault current limitation 88.4434 from 4 to 94


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Superconducting fault current limiters are studied

Functional model of Resistive type and Flux-lock type SFCLs are developed inPSCAD

Cases studied on test system in PSCAD software.1. Without RSFCL

2. With RSFCL

3. Flux-lock type SFCL

a) With N3/N1=1

b) With N3/N1= 0.5

c) With N3/N1= 0.1

d) With N3/N1= 0.01

Conclusions


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Future Work

To run simulation studies with two or more FCLs in a larger distribution system, and

monitor its effect on current mitigation, relay co-ordination.

Also, with increased interest in distributed generation, it would be useful to evaluate

the performance of the FCL in terms of current reduction.


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References

[1] Andrew T Rowley, "Superconducting fault current limiters", The Institution of Electrical Engineers printed

and published by the IEE, Savoy Place, London WCZR OBL, UK, 1995.

[2] Xueguang Wu, Joseph Mutale, Nick Jenkins and Goran Strbac", An Investigation of network splitting for

fault level reduction", The Manchester Centre for Electrical Energy (MCEE), UMIST, UK, September 2003.

[3] Willi Paul, Makan Chen, "Superconducting control of surge currents", IEEE SPECTRAM. May 1998.

[4] Swarn S. Kalsi, Member and Alex Malozemoff, Senior Member, "HTS fault current limiter concept",published in proceeding of IEEE power Engineering Society Meeting, June 6- 10, 2004.

[5] Mathias Noe and Michael Steurer, "High-temperature superconductor fault current limiters: concepts,

applications, and development status", Institute for Technical Physics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hermann-

von-Helmholtz-Platz , 76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany Center for Advanced Power Systems,

Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.,Published 15 January 2007.

[6] S.R. Currhs, R. Santos, G. Domarco, A. Diaz, J.A. Veira, J. Maza, M.X.Francois* and F. Vidal, "Construction

and characterization of an inductive superconducting current limiting device based on ceramic YBa2Cu307 O-rings", Cryogenics 37 (19Y7) 6X-655 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.,1997.

[7] Lin Ye, Member, IEEE, M. Majoros, T. Coombs, and A. M. Campbell, "System Studies of the

Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Electrical Distribution Grids", IEEE Transactions on Applied

Superconductivity, Vol.17, No. 2, June 2007.


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References

[8] Sung-Hun Lim, Hyo-Sang Choi, Dong-Chul Chung, Seokcheol Ko, and Byoung-Sung Han, "Impedance

Variation of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL Dependent on Winding Direction Between Coil 1 and Coil 2", IEEE

Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June 2005.

[9] J. S. Kim, S. H. Lim, and J. C. Kim, "Study on Protection Coordination of a Flux-Lock Type SFCL with

Over-Current Relay",IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.20, No. 3, June 2010.

[10] C. Kurupakorn, H. Kojima, N. Hayakawa, M. Goto, N. Kashima, S. Nagaya, M. Noe, K.-P. Juengst, and H.

Okubo, "Recovery Characteristics after Current Limitation of High Temperature Superconducting Fault Current

Limiting Transformer (HTc-SFCLT)", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.15, No. 2, June

2005.

[11] Hye-Rim Kim, Seong-Woo Yim, Sung-Yong Oh, and Ok-Bae Hyun, "Recovery in Superconducting Fault

Current Limiters at Low Applied Voltages", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.18, No. 2,

June 2008.

[12] Lin Ye and Klaus-Peter Juengst, "Modeling and Simulation of High Temperature Resistive Superconducting

Fault Current Limiters",IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.14, No. 2, June 2004.

[13] T. Matsumura, H. Shimizu and Y. Yokomizu, "Design Guideline of Flux-Lock Type HTS Fault Current

Limiter for Power System Application", IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.11, No. 1, March

2001


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Thank you

Documents

Resistive SFCL