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United StatesDepartment of Residential FuelwoodAgriculture
Consumption andService
North Central Production inForest ExperimentStation
Resource Bulletin Wisconsin, 1994NC-172
DennisM, MayandTerryMace
..... , ........ , ' ' I I '1 I
North Central Forest Experiment StationForest ServicemU.S. Department of Agriculture
1992 Folwell Avenue
St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
Manuscript approved for publication February 23, 19961996
CONTENTS
Consumption ............................................................................................ 1Production ................................................................................................ 4
Appendix .................................................................................................. 6Study Methods ....................................................................................... 6
Residential Households ........................................................................ 6Commercial Producers ......................................................................... 7
Sampling Error ...................................................................................... 7Study Limitations ................................................................................... 8Definition of Terms ................................................................................. 9
Common and Scientific Names of Tree Species Mentioned ....................... 11Table Tltles ........................................................................................... 11
FOREWORD
This bulletin reports the results of a survey of residential fuelwood con-sumption and production in Wisconsin for a 1-year period encompassingthe 1993/1994 heating season. Topics examined include the geographicdistribution of residential fuelwood consumption and production within theState; the species of trees used for residential fuelwood; the types of wood-burning facilities used; the reasons for burning fuelwood; and the land,ownership, and tree classes from which fuelwood was produced. Suchdetailed information is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, forest industrydevelopment, and forest research.
Special thanks are given to the Wisconsin households and loggers whosupplied information for this survey. Their cooperation is greatly appreci-ated.
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and its contractors areacknowledged for their cooperation and diligence in phoning and question-ing the survey respondents. The Wisconsin Department of Administration,Division of Energy and Intergovermnental Relations, is also acknowledgedfor funding the data collection phase of this survey.
In this bulletin, consumption refers to the volume of fuelwood burned byWisconsin's households, regardless of the source of the fuelwood (round-wood, wood residues from primary or secondary manufacturing, scrap orwaste wood products, etc.). Production refers only to the volume of round-wood harvested to supply Wisconsin's wood-burning households. Thisreport does not include information about harvesting for industrialfuelwood. Such information is included in reports covering wood use byprimary processing plants.
Row and column data of tables may not sum due to rounding, but data ineach table cell are accurately displayed.
Residential Fuelwood Consumption and Production inWisconsin, 1994
Dennis M. May and Terry Mace
CONSUMPTION • Overall, pleasure and secondary home heatwere the most popular reasons for burning
• About one in four households bumed wood fuelwood in 1994.
in 1994; an equivalent proportion was
expected to burn wood in 1995 (table 1). • On average, households that burned woodfor pleasure consumed about half a cord of
• About one in three households burned wood fuelwood, only a fraction of the volumein the Northeastern and Northwestern consumed by households that heated with
Survey Units (fig. 1) in 1994, while only wood.about one in five households burned woodin the other Units. • As a result, nine-tenths of the fuelwood was
consumed for home-heating purposes in• In 1994, more than 20,000 households 1994; more than half was consumed for
planned to install wood-buming facilities, primary home heating alone (table 2 and fig.One-sixth of the installations will be new; 2).
the rest will be replacement or supplementalunits for households already engaged in • Fireplaces were the most popular type of
wood burning, wood-burning facility used by Wisconsinhouseholds in 1994 (table 3). This was
• On average, each of Wisconsin's wood- especially true for the more urban Surveyburning households burned 2.2 cords of Units where households burned woodfuelwood in 1994, for a total consumption of primarily for pleasure.about 944 thousand cords (table 2).
• In contrast, furnaces and wood stoves were
• Pleasure was the most popular reason for the most popular types of wood-burningburning wood in the State's two most popu- facilities used in the other, more rural,lated Survey Units, the Southeastern and Units, where households burned woodCentral Units, while primary or secondary mainly for home heating purposes.
home heating was the primary reason forburning wood in the other, more rural, * About two-thirds of households that burnedUnits. wood in fireplaces did so for pleasure, while
over 90 percent of households that bumedwood in wood stoves, and all of those that
Dennis M. May, Research Forester, received a burned wood in furnaces, did so for home-B.S. degree in forest management from the heating purposes (table 4).University of Maine and an M.S. degree in forestresources from the University of Idaho. He • As a result, almost three-quarters of all
joined the USDA Forest Service in December fuelwood consumed in 1994 was burned in1983, and has been working with the North furnaces and wood stoves, much more thanCentral Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis was burned in the far more numerous
Unit since May 1992. fireplaces (fig.3).
Terry Mace, Forest Product Specialist, received • In 1994, three-quarters of Wisconsin's wooda B.S. degree in forest product utilization from burners had burned wood for at least 5the University of Idaho. He joined the Wisconsin years (table 5).
Department of Natural Resources in December1980 in his current position.
NORTHWEST UNIT _' Or_
NORTHEAST UNITL._coln
Ta_of
M_ldhoa
E_ Ca_e !
Po,-tam
CENTRAL UNIT
Wsushara
Fond DuLac
v,_,_ SOUTHEAST UNITCo_umt_a Dodge
Dane
Figure I .--Forest Survey Units in Wiscot_in, 1994.
Households Volume
._ _, _ _ _ _ _ _-_IV.,,'....-_,,. _. ... ,,. .,, .,, -,, ",,,r." .'_ _", .". % ", % "-- ",- "-,v,,'. ,." ,," ,,, ,,, _ _,-_,, ",_, ",,_, % "_, %% % % % % % %
% % %, % % % % % % % %
% % % % % % % % % % %
___i_i_" f ,," ,,e ,,, ,,, .,. -j, ,,, ,,,, ,_, ,,,
_,,,',,_ ,.',_" _'._',,_,ae 53.0% "'.."._'._/,J
'_,'_ll % "ll %%%%% %% 'll % -,,, ,,,i .,i_l_i_l_
"_."-__.",:,%-.,'_,:,_;_f'_
Figure 2._Distr_ut_n of res_engal fuelwood consumption by reason for burning, Wisconsin, 1994.
Households FireplaceVolumeFireplace insertinsert 3.3%
'/o
Figure 3.--D/str/but/on of residential fuelwood consumption by wood-burning facility, Wisconsin, 1994.
• These veteran wood burners were more * TWo main species--oak and maple---ac-likely to burn wood as a primary heat source counted for seven-tenths of all volume(fig. 4), and consequently burned 83 percent burned; oak alone accounted for half of totalof all fuelwood consumed in 1994. consumption (table 8).
• Almost all of the fuelwood burned in 1994 ° Close to three-fifths of Wisconsin's wood-
was consumed at primary residences (table burning households cut all or part of the6). fuelwoodthey burned in 1994(table 9).
• Almost all of the fuelwood burned came from ° In total, almost two-thirds of the volume
roundwood, but about 13 percent of the burned in 1994 was cut by residents ofhouseholds relied on wood residues or wood wood-burning households. Most of the
pellets for all or part of their fuelwood needs remaining volume, 28 percent of totalin 1994 (table 7). consumption, was purchased (fig. 5).
3
5 or more years agoHouseholds Volume
Less than 5 years agoHouseholds Volume
il !iiiiiii iJ !i!i!JilIJii!ii!IL::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: _ .......................... % %:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::............ _....... ._
/_Bmlmr,','.'.',','_I__:HI_ r_- "_ _ _ _ _ "_ _l
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.." ......... .,...- ...
_M_"/%JJ===============================================================% % % % o % %
__::2t'". % % % "- % % "- % % % ".J_. J"
Figure 4.--D_str_ut_n of res_:tent_I fuelwood consurr_t_on by reason for bum_3 and year first burnedwood, W_scons_n, 1994.
• Purchased wood was most frequently deliv- PRODUCTIONered in cords of stove-length wood (table 10).
Sixteen-inch wood was most common, but • In 1994, just over 1 million cords of round-9.4-inch wood was also popular, wood fuelwood were cut in Wisconsin to
meet the State's current and future residen-
* Eight-foot wood was also popular, especially tial fuelwood demands (table 11).in the Northeastern and Northwestern Units
of the State, but its use as fuelwood prob- • Although still sizable, fuelwood productionably indicates a diversion from the wood in Wisconsin has fallen by 47 percent since
supply of the State's other primary wood- 1981, the survey year that captured theusing industries, resurgence in residential fuelwood use
4
VOI U me • Essentially all of the commercially producedfuelwood was cut from forest land sources,
............._:_:_:_ predominantly from live trees. In contrast,__ residential cutters were far more reliant
upon dead trees from forest land sources.
• Overall, more than nine-tenths of fuelwood
produced was harvested from forest land
...... ;,-,._!. sources, mainly from dead trees. The,','_27.7%,,,,,,,, ,"'"/, remainder was cut from a variety ofe" / / / / / _ e" / ,e e"
_'k_'_',',','_'," nonforest land sources (table 12 and fig. 7)._',',',',',',',2_tWR_UB Cut\X:,W,','_R,i ao/^__',','," . " ..... • Two main species---oak and maple--ac-
counted for two-thirds of the fuelwood cut;
oak alone accounted for half of the total(tables 13. 14. 15).
Nonforest land sourcesFigure 5.--Distribution of residential fuelwood
consumption by method of procurement, Pasture andcropland Cities and
Wisconsin, 1994. Wind breaks, I% villagesfence rows, 4.3%rural yards
3.8%caused by the energy crisis of the 1970's.As a result of Wisconsin homeowners once
again abandoning wood fuel in favor offossil-based energy for home heating as theydid during the first half of the century, theState's production of residential fuelwood isret'ctrning to pre-energy crisis levels (fig. 6).
• Members of wood-burning households cutthree-quarters of the 1994 production; theremainder was commercially harvested to
supply the State's residential fuelwoodmarket.
/3.5
_" 3.0 /_i::.:i::.:!;i:i:
£ iiiiiiiiiiiii_ Forest land sources°o 2.5 _,i_,iiiii,,iii::ie" . -_ _:::::::::
.o z0 _ iiiiiiii!iiii!, _i_i_::_i_i_iiiTi::iTi!iii _ Figure 7.--Distribution of residential fuel_
.. _ .... production by source of material, Wisconsin,._ 1.5 _ :_:_::_::_ 1994........ :.:.:.:.:.:.:.
iiiiiiiii= I iiiiiii!iii::Ti
> 05 7;iliiii,,i_,i' ,_:_'._:_*_:_ * Private lands supplied nine-tenths of all
0 _::i!iii!i!i!i!i, 17!ililiTiiii , fuelwood harvested in 1994. Most of the1936 1946 1956 1967 1981 1994
Year remainder was cut from public lands,primarily county/municipal lands (tables
Figure 6.--Residentialfueluxxxi production/n 16, 17).Wisconsin, 1936-1994.
• In 1994, only one quarter of all fuelwood Nontimberlandproduced was cut from growing-stock 8.8%portions of live timberland trees (tables 18,
19 and fig. 8). As a consequence, the impactof residential fuelwood production on thegrowing-stock inventory of Wisconsin, thetraditional supply source of the State's
primary forest products industry, is rela-tively smaU and diminishing as residentialfuelwood use declines in popularity.
Timberland
Figure 8.--Distribution of timber removals associ-ated with residential fuelwood production,Wisconsin, 1994.
STUDY _OI)S The total number of samples was dispropor-tionally allocated to each stratum based on the
Data for this publication were collected by a number of households and the expected varia-telephone survey conducted during spring/ tion in fuelwood production in each stratum.summer 1994 by the Wisconsin Department of The strata samples were proportionally distrib-Natural Resources and its contractors. The uted across the counties in each stratum based
telephone survey sampled Wisconsin house- on the number of households in each county.holds and commercial producers, using formal The county samples were evenly distributed
questionnaires prepared by the North Central across the three-digit telephone exchanges inForest Experiment Station and approved by the each county. A random list of telephone num-Federal Office of Management and Budget. bers was generated for each county using all
listed three-digit phone exchanges. One callResidential }Iouseholds was placed (whether successful or unsuccessful)
to each of the random telephone numbers until
The sampled universe encompassed all house- the necessary number of residential householdsholds in Wisconsin with telephones. A total within each exchange and county was con-
sample size of 2,436 households was selected tacted. About 1 in 400 households werebased on funding available and a desired stan- sampled in strata 4 and 5, and about 1 in 800dard error of less than + 10 percent statewide at households were sampled in the rest of theone standard deviation. The State was stratified strata. Stratum sample responses were ex-
into eight sampling strata based on Forest panded to population estimates of total fuelwoodSurvey Units and population densities within use based on these sample rates.counties (fig. 9).
6
_htand
Sawyer
Pdce Oneida
Polk Barron Rusk
Uncoln
Taylor '5 _I'
St.Croix
Marathon
Clad(
Pierce Eau Claire
Portage
Jackson 3Waushara
Fond DuLac
Vernon
Columbia
Figure 9.---Samp//ng strata in Wisconsin, 1994.
Commercial Producers not know the tree species cut or burned for fuel,except in general terms such as mixed hard-
To estimate the volume of fuelwood produced for woods. As part of the processing, generalsale to dealers or residential households, the species groupings were prorated to individualWisconsin Department of Natural Resources species specifically identified as being harvestedcompiled a list of active loggers within each or burned in a sampling stratum and Forestcounty of the State, and randomly selected 10 Survey Unit.percent of the loggers in each county to besampled. A total of 168 loggers were canvassed SAMPLING ERRORabout their production of residential fuelwood,
using a formal questionnaire similar to that All the reported figures are estimates based onused for households, sampling procedures that are designed to give
accurate estimates of residential fuelwood
Completed questionnaires were sent to the consumption and production. A measure ofNorth Central Forest Experiment Station for reliability of these figures is given by samplingediting and processing. Some respondents did errors. This sampling error means that the
7
chances are two out of three that the results for
the sample differ by no more than the amountindicated from the results that would have been
obtained ff a complete census of all householdsand commercial producers had been made.Sampling errors for estimates of residentialfuelwood consumption and production inWisconsin are shown below:
Stratum Consumption Error Production Error(Cords) (Percent) (Cords) (Percent)
1 112,660 14.4 86686 23.32 38,194 31.7 27929 42.83 39,701 29.8 19 823 37.14 171,379 14.2 117 910 20.05 176,219 14.8 1341O0 19.36 118,298 24.7 130510 27.67 142,249 15.5 158955 20.48 145,061 19.3 104 226 24.7
Residentialhouseholds 943,762 6.7 780,139 8.9
Commercial
producers -- -- 242,410 17.5State total 943,762 6.7 1,022,549 8.0
STUDY LIMITATIONS from roundwood for industrial consumption,fuelwood produced from wood residues gener-
This study reports both the consumption and ated at secondary wood-using mills (such asproduction of residential fuelwood in Wisconsin miUwork plants and furniture plants), orfor a 1-year period ending at the time of the fuelwood produced from waste wood products.telephone survey, essentially encompassing the However, fuelwood produced from primary mill1993/1994 buming season, but dated 1994 for residues and fuelwood produced for industrialreporting purposes. Consumption refers to the consumption are captured in other studies.volume of fuelwood burned by Wisconsin's And although fuelwood production from second-wood-burning households, regardless of the ary mill residues and waste secondary woodsource of the fuelwood (roundwood, wood products are beyond the scope of Forest Inven-residues from primary or secondary manufac- tory and Analysis duties, part of this volume isturing, scrap or waste wood products, etc.), captured in the consumption portion of theProduction, on the other hand, refers only to the residential fuelwood studies.volume of roundwood harvested to supply
Wisconsin's wood-burning households. Due to Households without telephones were notthese definition differences, as well as seasoning sampled. To compensate for this omission,time, leftover fuelwood inventories from previous sample responses from households with phones
years, gift or free wood, interstate wood move- were assumed representative of the relativelyment, fluctuating participation in wood burning, small number of households without phones,and use of wood residues and wood wastes, and were expanded across all existing house-
estimates of fuelwood production and consump- holds in Wisconsin. Study results may betion totals should not be expected to match in a slightly biased if fuelwood consumption or
given year. production per household differs significantly inquantity or sources between phoneless house-
Additionally, production does not include holds and households with phones.fuelwood produced from wood residues gener-ated at primary wood-using mills (such as To assess the impacts of fuelwood harvesting onsawmills and veneer mills), fuelwood produced the State's forest inventory from telephone
8
survey responses, reported fuelwood harvests timber must have a crown width of at least
from "woodland areas outside of city or village 120 feet to qualify as forest land. Unimprovedlimits" were assumed to be the same as forest roads and trails, streams, or other bodies ofland harvests, and all forest land harvests were water or clearings in forest areas shall beassumed to be timberland harvests, classed as forest if less than 120 feet wide.
DEFINITION OF TERMS Fuelwood consumption.--The fuelwoodburned by residential households.
Central stem.--The portion of a tree between a1-foot stump and the minimum 4.0-inch top Fuelwood produetion.--The volume of round-diameter outside bark or the point where the wood harvested to supply residential house-central stem breaks into limbs, holds.
Commercial producers.--Commercial fuelwood Growlng-stock removals._The growing-stockoperators. Those who harvest fuelwood to sell volume removed from the timberland inven-
to dealers or consumers. Includes loggers tory by harvesting roundwood products.who harvest fuelwood along with saw logs and (Note: Includes sawtimber removals,other products, poletimber removals, and logging residues.)
Commercial species._Tree species presently Growing-stock tree.--A live timberland tree ofor prospectively suitable for industrial wood commercial species that meets specifiedproducts. (Note: Excludes species of typically standards of size, quality, and merchantabfl-small size, poor form, or inferior quality such ity. (Note: Excludes rough, rotten, and deadas hophombeam, Osage-orange, and redbud.) trees.)
Cord (standard fuelwood).--A pile of logs Growing-stock volume.--Net volume of grow-4x4x8 feet (128 cubic feet including air space ing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h, and over,and bark). A standard cord of fuelwood from 1 foot above the ground to a minimumcontains 70 cubic feet of wood and 58 cubic 4.0-inch top diameter outside bark of the
feet of bark and air space, central stem or to the point where the centralstem breaks into limbs.
Cull removals.--Net volume of rough androtten trees, plus the net volume in sections of Hardwoods.--Dicotyledonous trees, usuallythe central stem of growing-stock trees that do broad-leaved and deciduous.not meet regional merchantability standards,harvested for roundwood products. Harvest residues.raThe total net volume of
unused portions of trees cut or killed byDead removals.--Net volume of dead trees logging. (Note: Includes both logging residues
harvested for roundwood products, and logging slash.)
Diameter at breast height (d.b.h.).--The Limbwood removals.JNet volume of all por-outside bark diameter at 4.5 feet above the tions of a tree other than the central stem,
forest floor on the uphill side of the tree. For (including forks, large limbs, tops, and
determining breast height, the forest floor stumps) harvested for roundwood products.includes the duff layer that may be present,but does not include unincorporated woody Logging residue .--The net volume of unuseddebris that may rise above the ground line. portions of the merchantable central stem of
growing-stock trees cut or killed by logging.Forest land.--Land at least 16.7 percent
stocked by forest trees of any size, or formerly Logging slash .--The net volume of unusedhaving had such tree cover, and not currently portions of the unmerchantable (non-growing-developed for nonforest use. (Note: Stocking stock) sections of trees cut or killed by logging.is measured by comparing specified standardswith basal area and/or number of trees, age Merchantable sections.--Sections of theor size, and spacing.) The minimum area for central stem of growing-stock trees that meetclassification of forest land is 1 acre. Road- either pulpwood or saw-log specifications.side, streamside, and shelterbelt strips of
9
Net volume.--Gross volume less deductions for Sapling.--A live tree between 1.0 and 5.0
rot, sweep, or other defects affecting use for inches d.b.h.roundwood products.
Sapling removals.--Net volume in saplings
Noncommercial species.--Tree species of harvested for roundwood products.typically small size, poor form, or inferior
quality that normally do not develop into trees Saw-log portion.--That portion of the centralsuitable for industrial roundwood products, stem of sawtimber trees between the stump
and the saw-log top.
Nonforest land.--Land that has never sup-ported forests, and land formerly forested Saw-log top.raThe point on the central stem ofwhere use for timber management is pre- sawtimber trees above which a saw log cannotcluded by development for other uses. (Note: be produced. The minimum saw-log top is 7.0Includes areas used for crops, improved inches diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) forpasture, residential areas, city parks, im- softwoods and 9.0 inches d.o.b, for hard-proved roads of any width and adjoining woods.clearings, powerline clearings of any width,and 1- to 39.9-acre areas of water classified by Sawtimber removals.--The net volume in thethe Bureau of the Census as land. If inter- merchantable central stem of sawtimber trees
mingled in forest areas, improved roads and harvested for roundwood products. (Note:nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet Includes the saw-log and upper-stem portionswide and more than 1 acre to qualify as of sawtimber trees.)nonforest land.)
Sawtimber tree.--A growing-stock tree contain-Nonforest land removals.--Net volume of trees ing at least a 12-foot saw log or two noncon-
on nonforest lands harvested for roundwood tiguous saw logs 8 feet or longer, and meetingproducts, regional specifications for freedom from defect.
Softwoods must be at least 9.0 inches d.b.h.Nontimberland.wThe same as nonforest land and hardwoods must be at least 11.0 inches
in this report, d.b.h.
Poletimber._A growing-stock tree at least 5.0 Secondary wood-using mtns.mMflls receivinginches d.b.h, but smaller than sawtimber size primary wood products for manufacture into(9.0 inches d.b.h, for softwoods, 1 1.0 inches secondary wood products (furniture, cabinets,d.b.h, for hardwoods), etc.}.
Poletimber removals.--Net volume in the Softwoods.---Coniferous trees, usually ever-merchantable central stem of poletimber trees green, having needles or scale-like leaves.harvested for roundwood products.
Tree.--A woody plant usually having one orPrimary wood-using _mills.JMills receiving more perennial stems, a more or less definitely
roundwood or chips from roundwood for formed crown of foliage, and a height of atprocessing into primary wood products (lum- least 12 feet at maturity.ber, veneer, wood pulp, etc.).
Timberland.NForest land that is producing, orRotten tree.--A tree that does not meet regional is capable of producing, in excess of 20 cubic
merchantability standards because of exces- feet per acre per year of industrial roundwoodsire unsound cull. products under natural conditions, is not
withdrawn from timber utiliTation by statute
Rough tree.--A tree that does not meet regional or administrative regulation, and is not associ-merchantability standards because of exces- ated with urban or rural development. In thissive sound cull. Includes noncommercial tree report, all forest land removals were assumed
species, to be timberland removals.
Roundwood.--Logs, bolts, or other round Upper stem portion.wThat portion of thesections cut from trees (including chips from central stem of sawtimber trees between the
roundwood), saw-log top and the minimum top diameter of10
4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where Locust
the central stem breaks into limbs. Honeylocust ................... Gleditsia triacant_s
Black locust .................. Robinia pseudoacaciaWood resldues.--Includes woody material Maple
(bark, coarse, fine, etc.) generated at primary Black maple ................................ Acer nigntmwood-using mills, woody material (sawdust, Red maple .................................. Acer rubntmscrap, trim, wood flour, etc.) generated at Silver maple ........................ Acer saccharinumsecondary wood-using plants, and waste Sugar maple .......................... Acer saccharumsecondary wood products. Oak
Red oak
COMMON AND EIENTIFIC NAMI_ OF Northern pin oak .......... Quercus eUipsoidalisTREE SPFA211_ MENTIONED Northern red oak .................... Quercus rubra
Black oak ............................ Quercus velutinaSOFTWOODS White oak
Cedar White oak ................................ Quercus albaEastern redcedar ............. Juniperus virginiana Swamp white oak ................. Quercus bicolorNorthern white-cedar .......... Thuja occidentalis Bur oak ........................ Quercus macrocarpa
Fir Walnut
Balsam fir ............................. Abies balsamea Black walnut ............................ Juglans nigraPine Willow
Jack pine ............................. P/nus banks/ana Black willow .................................. Sa//x n/graRed pine .................................. Pinus resinosa Noncommercial speciesWhite pine ................................ Pinus strobus Apple ............................................. Ma/us spp.Scotch pine ............................ Pinus sylvestris Cherry
Spruce Pin cherry ...................... Prunus pensylvanicaNorway spruce .............................. P/cea ab/es Choke cherry ...................... Prunus v/rg/n/anaWhite spruce .............................. Picea gtauca Ironwood ............................... Ostrya virginianaBlack spruce ............................ P/cea mar/ana
HARDWOODS TABLETITLESAsh
White ash ........................ Frax/nus amer/cana Table l.--Household possession and use ofBlack ash ................................ Fraxinus nigra wood-burning facilities by ForestGreen ash .................. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Survey Unit, Wisconsin, 1994
AspenBalsam poplar ................. Populus balsamifera Table 2.--Residential fuelwood consumption byBigtooth aspen ............ Populus grandidentata reason for burning and Forest Survey
Quaking aspen ................ Populus tremuloides Unit, Wisconsin, 1994Basswood
American basswood ............... T///a amer/cana Table 3.--Residential fuelwood consumption byBeech ................................... Fagus grandifolia type of wood-buming facility andBirch Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin, 1994
Yellow birch ................... Betula alleghaniensisRiver birch .................................. Betula nigra Table 4.--Residential fuelwood consumption byPaper birch ......................... Betula papyrifera type of wood-buming facility and
Boxelder ..................................... Acer negundo reason for burning, Wisconsin, 1994
CherryBlack cherry .......................... Pnmus serotina Table 5.--Residential fuelwood consumption by
Cottonwood reason for burning and year firstEastern cottonwood ............. Populus deltoides burned wood, Wisconsin, 1994
Elm
American elm ...................... U/mus amer/cana Table 6.--Residential fuelwood consumption bySlippery elm ............................... U/mus rubra place of consumption, Wisconsin,Rock elm ................................ U/mus thomas// 1994
HickoryBittemut hickory ................ Carya cordiformisPignut hickory ........................... Carya glabraShagbark hickory ........................ Carya ovata
11
Table 7.--Residential fuelwood consumption by Table 14.--Residential fuelwood productiontype of fuelwood, Wisconsin, 1994 from roundwood by species group
and Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin,
Table 8.--Residential fuelwood consumption by 1994species group and Forest Survey Unit,Wisconsin, 1994 Table 15.--Residential fuelwood production
from roundwood by species group
Table 9.--Residential fuelwood consumption by and ownership class, Wisconsin,method of procurement and Forest 1994Survey Unit, Wisconsin, 1994
Table 16.--Residential fuelwood production
Table 10.mResidential consumption of pur- from roundwood by ownership classchased fuelwood by size of wood, and source of material, Wisconsin,Wisconsin,1994 1994
Table 11.mResidential fuelwood production Table 17.--Residential fuelwood productionfrom roundwood by type of producer from roundwood by ownership classand source of material, Wisconsin, and Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin,1994 1994
Table 12.mResidential fuelwood production Table 18._Distribution of timber removalsfrom roundwood by Forest Survey associated with residential fuelwoodUnit and source of material, Wiscon- production by Forest Survey Unit,sin, 1994 Wisconsin,1994
Table 13._Residential fuelwood production Table 19.--Distribution of timber removalsfrom roundwood by species group associated with residential fuelwood
and source of material, Wisconsin, production by species group, Wis-1994 consin, 1994
12
Table 1. -- Household possession and use of wood-burning facilities by Forest Survey Unit,Wisconsin, 1994
(In number of households)
i i
Households Households
Households planning to planning toburning wood burn wood install wood-
Forest Survey Unit Households in 1994 in 1995 burning facilitiesNortheastern 84,406 31,976 31,123 2,132Northwestern 93,943 31,830 31,340 2,938Central 215,012 46,832 44,654 2,178Southwestern 165,177 34,515 33,630 885Southeastern 1,263,580 281,060 271,933 11,998
Total 1,822,118 426,213 412,680 20,131Illlllll II II
13
Table 2. -- Residential fuelwood consumption by reason forburning and Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin, 1994
Forest Survey Unit Averageand reason Number of Volume (Cords/ l
for burning households (Cords) household)NortheasternPleasure 4,263 3,704 0.87Primary heat 14,069 123,870 8.80Secondary heat 13,643 48,645 3.57
Total 31,976 176,219 5.51Northwestern
Pleasure 4,897 4,019 0.82Primary heat 13,222 114,611 8.67Secondary heat 13,711 52,749 3.85
Total 31,830 171,379 5.38Central
Pleasure 18,515 10,383 0.56Primary heat 13,069 41,045 3.14Secondary heat 15,248 66,870 4.39
Total 46,832 118,298 2.53Southwestern
Pleasure 3,540 1,617 0.46Primary heat 15,045 93,245 6.20Secondary heat 15,930 50,200 3.15
Total 34,515 145,061 4.20Southeastern
Pleasure 138,873 71,405 0.51Primary heat 40,190 127,728 3.18Secondary heat 101,997 133,671 1.31
Total 281,060 332,805 1.18i
All UnitsPleasure 170,088 91,128 0.54Primary heat 95,596 500,498 5.24Secondary heat 160,530 352,135 2.19
Total 426,213 943,762 2.21
|p..4
14
Table 3. -- Residential fuelwood consumption by type of wood-burningfacility and Forest Survey Unit, Wisconsin, 1994
i
Forest Survey Unit Averageand wood-burning Number of Volume (Cords/facility households (Cords) household)Northeastern
Stove 9,380 56,213 5.99Fumace 10,659 81,698 7.66Fireplaceinsert 2,132 8,314 3.90Fireplace 8,101 17,972 2.22Combinations 1,705 12,021 7.05
Total 31,976 176,219 5.51Northwestern
Stove 7,835 31,393 4.01Furnace 15,181 121,317 7.99Fireplace insert 1,469 3,795 2.58Fireplace 6,366 14,353 2.25Firepit 490 32 0.07Combinations 490 490 1.00
Total 31,830 171,379 5.38Central
Stove 8,713 19,792 2.27Furnace 13,069 70,401 5.39Fireplaceinsert 1,089 261 0.24Fireplace 21,782 24,031 1.10Firepit 1,089 1,634 1.50Combinations 1,089 2,178 2.00
Total 46,832 118,298 2.53Southwestern
Stove 15,045 47,248 3.14Furnace 13,275 83,625 6.30Fireplaceinsert 885 2,789 3.15Fireplace 4,425 5,204 1.18Combinations 885 6,195 7.00
Total 34,515 145,061 4.20Southeastern
Stove 49159 108,228 2.20Furnace 15759 68,682 4.36Fireplace insert 16530 15,737 0.95Fireplace 163553 97,192 0.59Firepit 20112 14,573 0.72Combinations 15.946 28,393 1.78
Total 281060 332,805 1.18All Units
Stove 90 132 262,875 2.92Furnace 67 943 425,723 6.27Fireplace insert 22105 30,896 1.40Fireplace 204227 158,752 0.78Firepit 21691 16,239 0.75
Combinations 20 115 49,277. 2.45Total 426.213 943,762 2.21
i
]5
o_
Tab
le4.
--R
esid
entia
lfuel
woo
dco
nsu
mpt
ionb
yty
peo
fwo
od-b
urn
ingf
acili
tyan
dre
ason
forb
urn
ing
,W
iscon
sin,
1994
.......
Reasonfo
rburn
ing
All
reas
ons
Ple
asur
eP
rimar
yhe
atS
econ
dary
heat
'N
umbe
rof
Vol
ume
Num
bero
fV
olum
eN
umbe
rof
Vol
ume
Num
bero
fV
olum
e
Typ
eo
ffac
i_ty
hous
eho
lds
(Cor
ds)
nous
ehol
ds(C
ords
)ho
useh
olds
(Cor
ds)
hous
ehol
ds(C
ords
)S
tove
90,1
32
262,8
75
7,7
18
6,6
05
30,1
39
119,4
35
52,2
75
136,8
35
Fur
nace
67,9
4342
5,72
3-
48,6
7332
6,31
819
,270
99,4
05F
irepl
ace
inse
rt22
,105
30,8
966,
517
4,69
52,
299
8,68
713
,290
17,5
14F
irepl
ace
204,
227
158,
752
128,
958
59,7
586,
177
14,0
5069
,092
84,9
44.
Firep
it2
1,6
91
16
,23
92
1,6
91
16
,23
9-
Co
mb
ina
tion
s2
0,1
15
49
,27
75
,20
43
,83
28
,30
83
2,0
07
6,6
03
13
,43
8T
ota
l--
42
6,2
13
94
3,7
62
17
0,0
88
91
,12
89
5,5
96
50
0,4
98
16
0,5
30
35
2,1
35
iiiii
Table 5. -- Residential fuelwood consumption by reason for burningand year first burned wood, Wisconsin, 1994
Reasonforburning Averageand year first Number of Volume (Cords/burned wood households (Cords) household)Pleasure
Lastyear 18,842 8,844 0.472 years ago 10,646 4,250 0.403 yearsago 15,274 6,188 0.414 yearsago 12,627 6,475 0.515 or more years ago 112,698 65,371 0.58
Total 170,088 91,128 0.54
Primary heatLastyear 7,600 20,093 2.642 yearsago 3,806 19,763 5.193yearsago 1,813 8,113 4.474 yearsago 4,190 18,401 4.395 or more years ago 78,186 434,128 5.55
Total 95,596 500,498 5.24
Secondary heatLastyear 12,770 14,854 1.162 yearsago 6,440 13,432 2.093 yearsago 7,713 10,492 1.364 yearsago 13,587 28,895 2.135 or more years ago 120,019 284,462 2.37
Total 160,530 352,135 2.19ill
All reasons
Lastyear 39,211 43,792 1.122 yearsago 20,893 37,445 1.793 yearsago 24,801 24,792 1.004 yearsago 30,404 53,771 1.775 or more years ago 310,904 783,961 2.52
Total 426,213 943,762 2.21
]7
)...i (3
O
Tab
le6.
--R
esid
entia
lfue
lwoo
dco
nsum
ptio
nby
plac
eof
cons
umpt
ion,
Wisc
onsin
,19
94
iiii
iiii
iii
Vol
ume
cons
umed
For
estS
urve
yU
nit
Prim
ary
Sec
onda
ryO
ther
Tot
alA
vera
gean
dpl
ace
ofN
umbe
rof
resi
denc
ere
side
nce
build
ing
Oth
er1
cons
umpt
ion
(Cor
ds/
.con
sum
ptio
nho
useh
olds
(Cor
ds)
(Cor
ds)
(Cor
ds)
(Cor
ds)
(Cor
ds)
hous
ehol
d)No
rthea
stern
Prim
ary
resi
dence
29,8
44
169,1
13
-169,1
13
5.6
7S
econdaryre
sid
ence
853
1,5
63
1,5
63
1.8
3O
the
rbu
ildin
g1
,27
9-
5,5
42
5,5
42
4.3
3T
otal
31,9
7616
9,11
31,
563
5,54
217
6,21
95.
51No
rthwe
stern
Prim
ary
resi
dence
30,3
61
168,7
62
-168,7
62
5.5
6S
econdaryr
esid
ence
1,4
69
-2,6
17
-2,6
17
1.7
8T
otal
31,8
3016
8,76
22,
617
--
171,
379
5.38
Centr
al Prim
ary
resi
dence
43,5
65
114,1
23
--
114,1
23
2.6
2S
econ
dary
resi
denc
e1,
089
-1,
634
-1,
634
1.50
Oth
erbu
ildin
g1,
089
--
1,08
9-
1,08
91.
00C
om
bin
ation
1,0
89
1,3
07
-145
-1,4
52
1.3
3T
ota
l46,8
32
115,4
30
1,6
34
1,2
34
-118,2
98
2.5
3So
uthwe
stern
Prim
ary
resi
dence
30,9
75
140,2
29
-140,2
29
4.5
3O
the
rbu
ildin
g3
,54
04
,83
24
,83
21
.37
Tota
l34,5
15
140,2
29
4,8
32
145,0
61
4.2
0So
uthea
stern
Prim
ary
resi
dence
207,3
85
255,1
56
--
255,1
56
1.2
3S
eco
ndaryr
esi
dence
16,1
92
-21,3
45
--
21,3
45
1.3
2O
ther
build
ing
4,59
4-
1,52
6-
1,52
60.
33O
ther
7,5
25
-5,6
20
5,6
20
0.7
5C
om
bin
atio
n4
5,3
65
39
,85
66
,41
81
,66
81
,21
54
9,1
58
1.0
8T
otal
281,
060
295,
013
27,7
633,
195
6,83
433
2,80
51.
18All
Units Prim
ary
resi
dence
342,1
30
847,3
84
-847,3
84
2.4
8S
econ
dary
resi
denc
e19
,602
-27
,159
27,1
591.
39O
therb
uild
ing
10,5
02
-12,9
90
12,9
90
1.2
4O
ther
7,5
25
-5,6
20
5,6
20
0.7
5C
ombi
natio
n46
,454
41,1
636,
418
1,81
31,
215
50,6
101.
09T
otal
426,
213
888,
547
33,5
7714
,804
6,83
494
3,76
22.
21ii
Cons
umed
atca
mps
ites.
Tab
le7.
--R
esid
entia
lfu
elw
ood
cons
umpt
ion
byty
peof
fuel
woo
d,W
iscon
sin,
1994
Volu
me
cons
umed
Fore
stS
urv
eyU
nit
Wood
Wood
Tota
lA
vera
ge
and
type
ofN
umbe
rof
Rou
ndw
ood
resi
dues
pelle
tsco
nsum
ptio
n(C
ords
/fu
elw
oo
dh
ou
seh
old
s(C
ord
s)(C
ord
s)(C
ord
s)(C
ord
s)h
ou
seh
old
)No
rthea
stern
Rou
ndw
ood
30,6
9716
7,83
5-
167,
835
5.47
Wo
odr
esid
ue
s4
26
2,1
32
-2
,13
25
.00
Com
bin
ation
853
5,1
16
1,1
37
-6,2
53
7.3
3T
ota
l31,9
76
172,9
51
3,2
69
-176,2
19
5.5
1No
rthwe
stern
Roundw
ood
29,3
82
167,0
88
-167,0
88
5.6
9C
om
bin
ation
2,4
48
2,6
42
1,6
49
-4,2
91
1.7
5T
ota
l31,8
30
169,7
30
1,6
49
-171,3
79
5.3
8Ce
ntral R
oun
dw
oo
d3
4,8
52
90
,84
39
0,8
43
2.6
1W
oo
dpe
llets
1,0
89
1,4
52
1,4
52
1.3
3C
om
bin
ation
10,8
91
17,0
34
8,9
68
26,0
02
2.3
9T
ota
l46,8
32
107,8
77
8,9
68
1,4
52
118,2
98
2.5
3So
uthwe
stern
Ro
un
dw
oo
d2
7,4
35
11
0,7
27
11
0,7
27
4.0
4W
oo
dre
sid
ue
s6
,19
53
2,5
64
32
,56
45
.26
Co
mb
ina
tio
n8
85
88
58
85
1,7
70
2.0
0T
ota
l34,5
15
111,6
12
33,4
49
145,0
61
4.2
0So
uthea
stern
Roundw
ood
247,2
24
292,4
35
292,4
35
1.1
8W
oo
dre
sid
ue
s6
,32
65
,14
45
,14
40
.81
Com
bin
ation
27,5
10
24,5
07
10,7
19
35,2
26
1.2
8T
ota
l281,0
60
316,9
42
15,8
63
332,8
05
1.1
8"A
iiUn
its Roun
dw
ood
369,5
90
828,9
28
828,9
28
2.2
4W
oodr
esid
ues
12,9
47
39,8
40
39,8
40
3.0
8W
oo
dpe
llets
1,0
89
1,4
52
1,4
52
1.3
3C
om
bin
ation
42,5
87
50,1
83
23,3
58
73,5
41
1.7
3T
ota
l426,2
13
879,1
12
63,1
98
1,4
52
943,7
62
2.2
1
o
Tab
le8.
--R
esid
entia
lfue
lwoo
dco
nsum
ptio
nby
spec
ies
grou
pan
dFo
rest
Surve
yUn
it,W
iscon
sin,
1994
(Inco
rds)
jJ,i
ii
ii
For
estS
urve
yU
nit
Spe
cies
grou
pA
llU
nits
....
Nor
t,hea
ster
nN
orth
wes
tern
Cen
tral
Sou
thw
este
rn'
Sou
thea
ster
nSo
ftwoo
dsF
ir61
-61
Cedar
629
-629
Spru
ce
552
552
-P
ine
34,2
59
1,6
77
2,5
67
6,5
38
708
22,7
69
To
tals
oft
wo
od
s3
5,5
02
2,2
30
2,5
67
6,5
38
70
82
3,4
59
ii,i
Hard
wood
sM
ap
le1
70
,06
66
5,1
24
60
,13
34
,31
61
0,0
37
30
,45
6B
oxe
lde
r6
,30
1-
1,0
99
5,2
02
Birch
80,3
62
26,3
70
18,9
17
1,9
45
8,5
64
24,5
66
Hic
kory
7,91
11,
724
--
168
6,01
8B
eech
1,79
443
1-
1,36
3A
sh
39
,14
29
13
3,0
01
6,5
93
28
,63
5L
ocu
st
71
9-
71
9W
aln
ut
4,3
81
--
4,3
81
Ap
ple
66
0-
-6
60
Ironw
ood
2,7
69
--
2,7
69
Cottonw
ood
1,3
87
--
1,3
87
Aspen
35,9
25
13,3
66
7,2
42
816
6,3
86
8,1
14
Cherr
y4,3
30
--
1,4
65
2,8
65
Oa
k4
93
,14
44
7,1
65
79
,16
01
00
,01
79
0,7
41
17
6,0
60
Willo
w6,1
75
--
6,1
75
Ba
ssw
oo
d5
,29
63
,85
83
59
1,0
79
Elm
47,8
98
15,0
39
4,6
66
14,9
19
13,2
75
Tot
alha
rdw
oods
908,
260
173,
989
168,
813
111,
760
144,
353
309,
345
All
spec
ies
943,
762
',
176,
219
171,
379
118,
298
145,
061
332,
805
Tab
le9.
--R
esid
entia
lfu
elw
ood
cons
umpt
ion
bym
etho
dof
proc
urem
ent
and
For
est
Sur
vey
Uni
t,W
iscon
sin,
1994
Fo
rest
Su
rve
yU
nit
Vo
lum
eV
olu
me
Vo
lum
eT
ota
lA
vera
ge
and
proc
urem
ent
Num
ber
ofpu
rcha
sed
cut
othe
r1co
nsum
ptio
n(C
ords
/m
eth
od
ho
use
ho
lds
(Co
rds)
(Co
rds)
(Co
rds)
(Co
rds)
ho
use
ho
ld)
i,,
,,,,,
North
easte
rn
Bu
y18
,95
33
1,0
32
97
93
2,0
11
3.5
8C
ut
17
,90
71
14
,22
2-
11
4,2
22
6.3
8C
uta
nd
buy_
5,1
16
12,1
65
17,3
23
497
29,9
86
5.8
6T
otal
31,9
7643
,197
131,
546
1,47
717
6,21
95.
51i
|lllll
iiH
North
weste
rn
Bu
y_1
2,2
42
53
,56
9-
5,2
40
58
,81
04
.80
Cut
14,6
91-
89,6
26-
89,6
266.
10
Cu
tan
db
uy_
4,8
97
7,6
73
13
,69
5..
..1;5
76
22
,94
44
.69
Tot
al31
,830
61,2
4210
3,32
26,
816
171,
379
5.38
Centr
al Buy_
16,3
37
35,7
05
-6,7
44-
42,4
49
2.6
0C
ut
20
,69
3-
50
,81
7-
50
,81
72
.46
Cut
and
buy_
9,80
22,
505
15,8
346,
693
25,0
322.
55T
otal
46,8
3238
,210
66,6
5113
,437
118,
298
2.53
i
South
weste
rn
Buy
117
,700
39,1
20-
15,4
4054
,560
3.08
Cu
t1
5,9
30
88
,73
18
8,7
31
5.5
7C
uta
ndb
uy_
88
58
85
88
51
,77
02
.00
Tot
al34
,515
39,1
2089
,616
16,3
2514
5,06
14.
20ill
South
easte
rn
Buy1
124,7
16
64,3
04
25,7
10
90,0
14
0.7
2C
ut
12
0,3
52
18
8,4
64
18
8,4
64
1.5
7C
utan
dbu
y_35
,991
15,7
9727
,828
10,7
0254
,327
1.51
Tot
al28
1,06
080
,101
216,
292
36,4
1233
2,80
51.
18ii
i
AllUn
its
Buy1
179,9
49
223,7
30
-54,1
14
277,8
43
1.5
4C
ut
18
9,5
73
-5
31
,86
0-
53
1,8
60
2.8
1C
uta
nd
bu
y15
6,6
92
38
,14
07
5,5
66
.2
0,3
53
13
4,0
58
2.3
6T
ota
l4
26
,21
32
61
,86
96
07
,42
67
4,4
67
94
3,7
62
2.2
1illlii
ii
Inclu
des
gift
wood
,fre
ewo
od,
lefto
ver
wood
,et
c.
Table 10. -- Residential consumption of purchased fuelwood by size of wood,Wisconsin, 1994
ii
ForestSurveyUnit Averageand size of wood Number of Volume (Cords/
purchased households (Cords) household)Northeastern
16inch 4,263 17,701 4.1524inch 1,705 6,694 3.934foot 426 682 1.608 foot 4,690 13,829 2.95Random length residues 853 2,771 3.25Random length roundwood 426 1,520 3.57
Total 12,364 43,197 3.49ii i i
Northwestern16inch 5,876 18,457 3.1424 inch 979 5,299 5.418foot 5,876 37,143 6.32Random length roundwood 490 343 0.70
Total 13,222 61,242 4.63central
16inch 8,713 33,980 3.9024inch 1,089 272 0.258foot 1,089 980 0.90Random length residues 2,178 2,977 1.37
Total 13,069 38,210 2.92Southwestern
16inch 4,425 10,666 2.4124 inch 3,540 6,329 1.79Random length residues 3,540 22,125 6.25
Total 11,505 39,120 3.40Southeastern
16inch 76,133 46,931 0.6224 inch 11,347 14,222 1.254 foot 834 417 0.50
6foot 894 4,024 4.508foot 2,933 8,650 2.95Random length residues 5,553 4,319 0.78Random length roundwood 2,867 1,539 0.54
Total 100,562 80,101 0.80i i iii iiiiii i|i iii i iii |iii i
All Units16inch 99,411 127,735 1.2824inch 18,661 32,816 1.764foot 1,260 1,099 0.876foot 894 4,024 4.508foot 14,589 60,602 4.15Random length residues 12,124 32,192 2.66Random length roundwood 3,783 3,402 0.90
Total 150,722 261,869 1.74
22
Tab
le11
.--
Res
iden
tial
fuel
woo
dpr
oduc
tion
from
roun
dwoo
dby
type
ofpr
oduc
eran
dso
urce
ofm
ater
ial,
Wisc
onsin
,19
94
(Inco
rds)
Sour
ceof
mat
erial
For
est
land
Citi
esW
indb
reak
s,Pa
stur
eSt
andi
nga
nd
fen
cero
ws,
an
dliv
eH
arv
est
De
ad
Type
ofpr
oduc
erA
llso
urce
svi
l!a,g
,e,s
rura
lya
rds
crop
land
trees
resi
dues
trees
Res
iden
tial
780,
139
43,5
4038
,401
7,71
099
,038
131,
200
460,
250
Com
merc
ial
242,4
10
-655
233,1
01
2,5
33
6,1
21
Tot
al1,
022,
549
43,5
4038
,401
8,36
533
2,13
913
3,73
346
6,37
1
Table
12.
--Re
siden
tial
fuelw
ood
prod
uctio
nfro
mro
undw
ood
byFo
rest
Surv
eyUn
itan
dso
urce
ofm
ater
ial,
Wisc
onsin
,19
94
(In
cord
s)
Sour
ceof
mat
erial
Fore
stlan
d
Citi
esW
indb
reak
s,Pa
stur
eSt
andi
nga
nd
fen
cero
ws,
an
dliv
eH
arv
est
De
ad
Fore
stS
urve
yU
nit
All
sour
ces
villa
ges
rura
lya
rds
crop
land
trees
resi
dues
trees
No
rth
ea
ste
rn1
70
,66
51
,94
43
,41
1-
47
,61
02
9'i"
67
78
8,0
23
Nort
hw
est
ern
238,7
36
401
-655
116,4
19
41,8
74
79,3
87
Ce
ntr
al
25
3,3
19
13
,22
46
,53
52
,17
89
4,8
99
14
,59
71
21
,88
7S
ou
thw
est
ern
12
8,7
27
-1
,77
05
,53
14
2,4
40
17
,43
06
1,5
55
So
uth
ea
ste
rn2
31
,10
32
7,9
71
26
,68
53
0,7
72
30
,15
51
15
,51
9,
To
tal
1,0
22
,54
94
3,5
40
38
,40
18
,36
53
32
,13
91
33
,73
34
66
,37
1
r..,o
I
¢,
Tab
le13
.--R
esid
enti
alfu
elw
ood
prod
uct
ionf
rom
roun
dwoo
dby
spec
ies
grou
pan
dso
urce
ofm
ater
ial,
Wisc
onsin
,19
94
(inco
rds)
....
..S
ou
rceofm
ate
ria
l..
..i
ii
Fores
tlan
d
Citi
esW
indb
reak
s,P
astu
re£t
a'nd
ing.
......
...an
dfe
ncer
ows,
and
live
Har
vest
Dea
d
Spe
cies
_]ro
up...
....
All
sour
ces
villa
ges
rura
lyar
dscr
opla
n,d,
,tree
s,re
sidu
es,tr
ees
Sof
twoo
dsF
ir1
29
--
26
12
1C
ed
ar
3,8
81
2,7
54
-1
07
-1
,02
0S
pruc
e22
2-
-20
0-
22P
ine
45
,46
31
,43
96
82
....
.-
11
,71
0.
12
,08
41
9,5
47
Tot
also
ftwoo
ds49
,694
4,19
368
2-
12,0
1812
,091
20,7
11i
|lli
,i
i,i
ii
Hard
wood
s
Ma
ple
19
1,6
08
10
,23
43
,12
22
33
79
,40
93
2,2
22
66
,38
7B
oxeld
er
11,4
48
59
5,9
42
-1,1
69
1,0
85
3,1
93
Birch
72
,46
93
,05
41
,37
96
32
0,2
92
12
,28
43
5,3
97
Hic
ko
ry3
,89
69
14
3-
41
82
01
2,3
60
Beech
508
--
115
327
66
Ash
42,7
49
5,1
31
6,3
26
86,9
36
3,9
42
20,4
07
Lo
cu
st
14
1-
-1
41
1W
aln
ut
5,0
46
--
1,5
46
12
13
,38
0A
pple
619
467
2-
31
53
66
Iro
nw
oo
d2
,58
27
81
4-
14
51
71
2,1
74
Cot
tonw
ood
167
--
166
1
Asp
en
73,7
39
3,1
62
786
22
34,2
17
5,5
97
29,9
54
Cherr
y3,7
34
161
1,1
59
-884
412
1,1
18
Oa
k5
02
,27
11
2,9
65
14
,12
88
,03
71
65
,06
95
9,8
70
24
2,2
01
Will
ow
3,1
02
80
01
34
-5
19
17
11
,47
7B
assw
ood
3,7
15
59
10
11,4
59
185
2,0
00
Elm
55,0
60.
2,2
62
4,7
13
-7,6
05
5,0
02
35,.478
Tota
lha
rdw
oods
'972
,855
39,3
4737
,719
8,36
532
0,12
012
1,64
344
5,66
0|
i,
ii
i
,All
spec
ies
,1,
022,
549
,.43
,540
,,,
38,4
018,
365
332,
,139
,133
,733
,,46
6,37
1
Table
14.
--Re
siden
tial
fuelw
ood
prod
uctio
nfro
mro
undw
ood
bysp
ecies
grou
pan
dFo
rest
Surve
yUn
it,W
iscon
sin,
1994
(Inco
rds)
i,i
"F
ores
tS,'u
rv.e
yUni
ti
i
Spec
ies
9rou
pAl
lU
nits
Nor
thea
ster
nN
orth
wes
!ern
Cen
tral
Sout
hwes
tern
Sout
heas
tern
Softw
oods
Fir
12
9-
32
96
-2
Ced
ar3,
881
517
9-
3,69
7S
pru
ce
22
22
22
--
-P
ine
'45,4
63
3,2
30
6,8
24..
12,6
96
9,1
07
13,6
05T
ota
lso
ftw
oo
ds
49
,69
43
,45
76
,85
71
2,9
70
9,1
07
17
,30
4"H
a'rd
wo
od
sM
ap
le1
91
,60
85
9,7
02
65
,45
24
0,0
28
10
,36
21
6,0
65
Bo
xe
lde
r1
1,4
48
62
23
51
,84
69
,50
2B
irch
72,4
69
21,2
35
25,9
98
2,7
60
5,0
16
17,4
59
Hic
ko
ry3
,89
61
,69
71
23
55
51
,90
8B
ee
ch
50
84
19
-8
9A
sh42,7
49
1,4
20
7,1
08
2,4
08
4,3
33
27,4
79
-1
41
Locust
141
-W
aln
ut
5,0
46
-478
4,5
68
Ap
ple
61
91
2*
79
59
1Ir
on
wo
od
2,5
82
83
24
73
02
,42
0C
ottonw
ood
167
.-
-167
Asp
en
73,7
39
17,3
34
28,5
30
17,5
70
3,7
38
6,5
67
Ch
err
y3
,73
42
11
12
1,6
30
2,0
71
Oa
k5
02
,27
15
1,2
21
99
,57
71
66
,74
07
7,6
04
10
7,1
29
Willo
w3,1
02
118
367
30
2,8
83
Ba
ssw
oo
d3
,71
51
,87
01
,06
93
57
41
Elm
55,0
60
12,0
13
4,1
36
9,9
27
10,3
99
18,5
85
Tota
lha
rdw
oods
972,
855
....
167,
208
231,
879
240,
349
,,11
9,62
0,
213,
798
All
spec
ies
1,02
2,54
9.,
!,70,
665
238,
736
,253
,319
128,
727
,,,
231,
103
•Le
ssth
anon
e-ha
lfco
rd.
o-i
t_ O_
Tab
le15
.-R
esid
enti
alfu
etw
oo
dp
rod
uct
ionf
rom
rou
nd
wo
od
by
spec
ies
gro
up
and
ow
ner
ship
clas
s,W
isco
nsi
n,1
994
(Inco
rds)
i.il
li,
iii
ii
ii
iiii
ii
iJl
,i
ii
i
_O
wn
ersh
ipcl
ass
All
Nat
ion
alO
ther
Co
un
ty/
Fo
rest
Oth
er
Spe
cies
rou
po
wn
ersh
ips
Fo
rest
fed
eral
Sta
tem
un
icip
alin
du
s!ry
priv
ate
iii
iIH
Ii
,iraL
II
II
II
II
II
II
I
So
ftw
ood
sF
ir12
9*
12g
Ced
ar3,
881
5-
3,87
6S
pru
ce22
2-
222
Pin
e45
,463
8567
237
-45
,073
To
tal
soft
_v,oo
ds
,,,49
,694
,85
,,
,72
......
..23
,7...
.....
-...
..49
,300
Hard
wood
s
Map
le19
1,60
83,
719
490
1,72
819
,716
1,35
316
4,60
1B
oxel
der
11,4
48*
36
11,4
37B
irch
72
,46
91
,43
61
33
1,0
92
7,6
48
45
26
1,7
07
Hic
ko
ry3
,89
62
21
66
53
3,7
90
Be
ech
50
85
41
61
48
1A
sh
42,7
49
105
16
275
756
95
41,5
02
Locust
141
2-
-139
Waln
ut
5,0
46
26
-5,0
20
App
le61
9*
**
-61
9Ir
on
wo
od
2,5
82
12
1-
2,5
79
Co
tto
nw
oo
d1
67
2-
16
5
Asp
en
73
,73
94
76
47
2,1
92
2,5
91
14
86
8,2
86
Ch
err
y3
,73
4*
38
-3
,72
3O
ak
502,2
71
5,6
33
1,7
11
4,9
39
35,0
71
2,8
91
452,0
26
Willo
w3
,102
14
13,0
96
Bas
swoo
d3,
715
551
2013
211
3,49
7E
lm5
5,0
60
38
02
01
1,3
33
86
53
,06
1
Tot
alha
rdw
oods
972,
855
....
1,1_
,833
2,39
810
,486
67,3
705,
040
875,
728
All
speci
es
1,0
22,5
49
11,9
18
2,3
98
10,5
58
67,6
07
5,0
40
925,0
29
•Le
ssth
anon
e-'h
alfc
ord
....
.
Tab
le16
.--R
esid
entia
lfuel
woo
dpro
duct
ionfrom
roun
dwoo
dbyow
ners
hipcl
assa
ndso
urce
ofm
ater
ial,
Wis
cons
in,19
94
(Inco
rds)
iiii
iiii
.iiii
iiiiii
iiiii
iiii
iiiiiiii
iiiiii
iiiiii
Sour
ceof
mat
erial
......
......
......
For
est
land
.....
citie
sW
indb
reak
s,P
astu
rest
andi
ng...
...a
nd
fen
cero
ws,
an
dliv
eH
arv
est
De
ad
Ow
ners
hi,p
,,,,,c
lass
....
A!,!
sour
ces
villa
g,e,
s,,
rura
lya
rds
crop
land
,,!re
esre
sidu
estr
ees
Na
tio
na
lfore
st
11
,91
8-
--
9,5
32
14
2,3
72
Oth
erfe
dera
l2,
398
--
2,39
8-
-S
tate
10,5
58
--
7,2
94
872
2,3
92
Cou
nty/
mun
icip
al67
,607
--
49,2
0311
,885
6,51
9F
ore
stin
du
str
y5
,04
0-
--
5,0
34
-6
Oth
erpr
ivat
e..
925,
029
43.,5
4038
,401
....
8,36
525
8,67
712
.0,9
6345
5,08
2.T
otal
1,02
2,54
943
,540
38,4
018,
365
332,
139
133,
733
466,
371
ii
|i
.,,
,,,,
,,,,
iiii
ii,ii
iiii
iiii
i.
..,,1
t_ Go
Tabl
e17
.--
Resid
entia
lfu
elwo
odpr
oduc
tion
from
roun
dwoo
dby
owne
rshi
pcla
ss
and
Fore
stSu
rvey
Unit,
Wisc
onsin
,19
94
(Inco
rds)
......
......
......
......
....
For
est
Sur
vey
Uni
t...
..i
Ow
ners
hip
clas
sA
llU
nits
Nor
thea
ster
nN
orth
wes
tern
Cen
tral
Sou
thw
este
rnS
outh
east
ern
"Na
tion
ai'
fore
si'
11
,91
85
',34
7..
....
..6
57
2'-
....
-"
Oth
erfe
dera
l2,
398
-1
376
1,02
2-
Sta
te10,5
58
2,4
34
4584
2,5
54
-985
Cou
nty/
mun
icip
al67
,607
10,3
9549
867
6,46
088
4-
Fore
sti
ndustr
y5,0
40
812
2958
1,0
25
-245
Oth
erpr
ivat
e92
5,02
915
1,67
717
337
924
2,25
812
7,84
222
9,87
3,,,
Tot
al1,
022,
549
170,
665
238
736
253,
319
128,
727
231,
103
iiii
iii
ii
iii
ii
ii
iii
ii
iiii
iii
ii
Tab
le18
.--
Dis
trib
utio
nof
timbe
rre
mov
als
asso
ciat
edw
ithre
side
ntia
lfue
lwoo
dpr
oduc
tion
byF
ores
tSur
vey
Uni
t,W
isco
nsin
,199
4
(Inth
ousa
ndcu
bicfe
et)
Timbe
rland
remo
vals
Tot
alN
on-
Gro
win
g-st
ock
rem
oval
sN
on-g
row
ing-
stoc
kre
mov
als
timbe
rland
timbe
rland
Total
For
estS
urve
yU
nit.
...S
awtim
ber
Pol
etim
ber
Tot
al'
Lim
bwoo
dS
aplin
gC
ullt
rees
Dea
dt"
rees
'T
otal
rem
oval
sre
mov
als
Rem
oval
sN
ort
heast
ern
1,3
00
1,3
64
2,6
65
2,2
57
26
409
6,2
15
8,9
07
11,5
72
375
11,9
47
Nort
hw
est
ern
2,7
66
3,1
61
5,9
26
4,1
11
52
916
5,6
32
10,7
11
16,6
38
74
16,7
12
Cen
tral
1,99
12,
465
4,45
62,
454
3469
48,
558
11,7
4116
,197
1,53
617
,732
Sou
thw
este
rn1,
037
1,16
42,
202
1,59
820
340
4,34
06,
298
8,50
051
19,
011
So
uth
ea
ste
rn9
83
93
91
,92
11
,96
32
13
05
8,1
41
10
,43
01
2,3
51
3,8
26
16
,17
7T
ota
l8,0
76
9,0
93
17,1
70
12,3
83
153
2,6
65
32,8
87
48,0
87
65,2
57
6,3
21
71,5
78
Tab
le19
.--
Dis
trib
utio
nof
timbe
rre
mov
als
asso
ciat
edw
ithre
side
ntia
lfu
elw
ood
prod
uctio
nby
spec
ies
grou
p,W
iscon
sin,
1994
(Inth
ousa
ndcu
bic
feet
)
.,.,,
Tim
berla
ndre
mov
als
Tota
lN
on-
cG
row
ing-s
tock
rem
ova
lsN
on-g
row
ing-s
tock
rem
ova
lstim
berland
timberland
Tota
l
Spe
cies
_rou
pS
awtim
ber
Pol
etim
ber
Tot
alLi
mbw
ood
Sap
ling
Cul
ltr
ees
Dea
dtr
ees
Tot
alre
mov
als
rem
oval
sR
emov
als
oS
oftw
ood
so <
Fir
**
**
**
99
99
mC
ed
ar
23
52
*1
71
74
79
19
32
72
zS
pruc
e4
59
4*
12
716
16
mP
ine
38
43
63
74
77
75
81
13
1,3
90
2,2
87
3,0
34
14
83
,18
2z
Tota
lsoftw
oods
390
371
761
781
8116
1,4
72
2,3
76
3,1
37
341
3,4
79
-4 -oH
ardw
oods
Maple
1,9
36
2,1
77
4,1
13
2,9
72
37
635
4,7
05
8,3
49
12,4
61
951
13,4
13
_-4B
oxe
lder
37
36
72
72
11
12
25
30
93
81
42
08
01
zB
irch
549
579
1,12
994
511
173
2,50
03,
629
4,75
831
55,
073
o 0H
ickory
11
12
22
17
*3
16
61
86
20
96
42
73
-nB
ee
ch
75
11
17
*2
52
43
6-
36
11
Ash
184
197
381
311
458
1,4
36
1,8
09
2,1
90
803
2,9
92
_n
Locust
34
63
*1
*4
10
-10
Waln
ut
31
39
70
35
111
237
283
353
-353
_D o_
Apple
-"
3*
35
11
11
33
43
/Ir
onw
ood
--
11
*11
153
174
174
6181
o_C
otto
nwoo
d3
47
3*
1*
412
-12
Asp
en
72
28
91
1,6
13
90
01
32
51
2,1
07
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The Umled States Deparlmenl of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its
programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability,
po_l_=l beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all
programs.) Persor_ with disabilities who require aitemative means of communication
of program informetlo_ (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDAOffice of Communications at (202) 720-2791.
To file a compla_L write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
We=d't_ngton,DE; 20250, o_ call 2_-720-7327 (voice), or 202-720-1127 (TDD). USDA
is an equal employment opportunity employer.
_ PTinte¢ton recycte¢l, recyclebie paper,
May, Dennis M.; Mace, Terry.1996. Residential fuelwood consumption and production in Wis-
consin, 1994. Resour. Bull. NC-172. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department ofAgriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station.29 p.
Reports findings of the latest survey of residential fuelwood consump-
tion and production in Wisconsin. Topics examined include the geo-graphic distribution of residential fuelwood consumption and produc-tion within the State; the species of trees used for residential fuelwood;
the types of wood-burning facilities used; the reasons for burningfuelwood; and the land, ownership, and tree classes from whichfuelwood was produced.
KEY WORDS: Fireplace, fwewood, harvest, households, roundwood,wood stove.
