RESIDENCY HANDBOOK 2013-2014 - Roswell Park … · 2017-07-28 · RESIDENCY HANDBOOK . 2013-2014 . ... or prospective trial design, implementation, and data collection. Retrospective

UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

AND ROSWELL PARK CANCER INSTITUTE

RESIDENCY HANDBOOK 2013-2014

The Department of Radiation Medicine Roswell Park Cancer Institute

Elm & Carlton Streets Buffalo, NY 14263

Revised December 5, 2013

Radiation Oncology Residency Handbook

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Contents I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3

II. CORE PROGRAM ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Training Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 3

Research Requirement ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Examinations....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Resources ............................................................................................................................................................ 4

III. RESIDENT REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................................. 6

Weekly Resident Expectations: .......................................................................................................................... 6

Chief Resident ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Clinic Coverage .................................................................................................................................................. 7

Committees ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Disciplinary Actions ........................................................................................................................................... 8

Dress Code .......................................................................................................................................................... 8

Graduation........................................................................................................................................................... 8

Moonlighting....................................................................................................................................................... 8

On-call Responsibilities ...................................................................................................................................... 8

Operational Issues During Clinical Rotations..................................................................................................... 8

Professional Behavior ......................................................................................................................................... 9

Record Keeping .................................................................................................................................................. 9

Time Off.............................................................................................................................................................. 9

Travel to Conferences ....................................................................................................................................... 10

IV. ACGME-ABR REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTS ............................................................................ 10

Time Allotment During Residency ................................................................................................................... 11

Radiopharmaceutical Cases: Performed vs. Observed ..................................................................................... 11

QA/QI Requirement .......................................................................................................................................... 11

V. ACGME-ABR REQUIREMENTS OF RESIDENCY PROGRAMS .......................................................... 13

The RRC annual review points: ........................................................................................................................ 13

Program Evaluation Committee (PEC) ............................................................................................................. 13

Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) .......................................................................................................... 14

Evaluations ........................................................................................................................................................ 14

Requirement for Promotion .............................................................................................................................. 15

ACGME Next Accreditation System (NAS) Milestones...................................................................................... 16

VI. ACADEMIC SCHEDULE (Table 1)......................................................................................................... 17


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Physics/Radiobiology Schedules (See Appendix I and II for details) .................................................................. 19

TABLE 1. INTRADEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCE SCHEDULE ........................................................... 20

TABLE 2. INTERDEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCE SCHEDULE............................................................ 21

VII. ROTATION SPECIFIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................ 22

Adult Brain Tumor ............................................................................................................................................ 22

Breast and Sarcoma........................................................................................................................................... 23

Gastrointestinal (GI) ......................................................................................................................................... 24

Genitourinary (Prostate/Bladder/Testicular) ..................................................................................................... 25

Suggested Reading List – Prostate ............................................................................................................ 27

Gynecologic (GYN) .......................................................................................................................................... 36

Head & Neck/Lymphoma ................................................................................................................................. 37

Pediatric Radiation Oncology ........................................................................................................................... 38

Thoracic/Lung ................................................................................................................................................... 39

Appendix I - Resident Didactic Course Outline ................................................................................................... 42

Appendix II: Resident Physics Course Schedule .................................................................................................. 43


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I. INTRODUCTION Welcome to the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and Roswell Park Cancer Institute’s residency in Radiation Oncology. The resources of the University and Roswell Park, combined with the talents of the faculty and staff in Radiation Oncology, will provide you with a unique opportunity to prepare for a career in academic and/or clinical radiation oncology. The transition into radiation oncology is not easy and involves acquiring a large body of new knowledge. This handbook outlines the design of the four-year residency program and provides information regarding policies, procedures and educational goals. The program is challenging, but should not be overwhelming. You should feel at ease to speak to any of the faculty, especially the program director or chairman of radiation oncology, if you have any concerns or questions regarding your training experience.

Anurag K. Singh, M.D. Residency Program Director

II. CORE PROGRAM The core program is a four-year residency that begins following successful completion of a PGY-1 year. The program utilizes the facilities of the Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute and the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Residents will always be paired with a supervising physician and will assume increasing patient care responsibility as they progress through the residency. The residency program consists of an integrated series of rotations providing broad clinical experience and an intensive series of courses in physics, radiobiology and oncology. The clinical curriculum will provide the resident with an in-depth knowledge of clinical radiation oncology, including indications for irradiation, special therapeutic considerations unique to each disease site and stage of disease, and normal tissue tolerance and tumor dose response. The resident will be trained in standard radiation techniques, the use of treatment aids and treatment planning to optimize the distribution of radiation dose, as well as the use of combined modality therapy and unusual fractionation schemes. The program will stress sound clinical judgment and decision making based on a thorough cautious assessment of each individual patient’s situation.

Training Overview All residents will receive training in the use of external beam modalities, including superficial

irradiation, megavoltage irradiation, electron beam, simulations to localize anatomy, and computerized treatment planning. Residents will also receive specific training in High-Dose Rate, Low-Dose Rate, Stereotactic and Total Body Skin Electron Radiation.

Interstitial brachytherapy using high dose rate and low dose rate afterloading systems is concentrated heavily at Roswell Park Cancer Institute within gynecologic, thoracic, and soft tissue/sarcoma disease sites. Other brachytherapy using the manual afterloading system includes brain, prostate and head and neck implants.

As residents rotate among radiation oncologists or through medical oncology, pathology and electives, they will be required to attend interdepartmental conferences (See Table 2) in medical, surgical, pediatric and gynecologic oncology and various surgical subspecialties. This will make the resident aware of the importance of continuing self-education in providing optimal patient management and encourage its perpetration long after completion of the residency program.


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Research Requirement Each resident is required to be involved with at least one research project per year during the program

and are encouraged to select projects that is likely to result in both an abstract suitable for submission and presentation at a national meeting and a manuscript suitable for submission for publication in a peer reviewed journal. Per ACGME guidelines, one of these projects MUST be a formal quality improvement (QI) project. The reports are due to the Program Director and Educational Affairs Department one month prior to end of each academic year. This project (or one of your written projects if many are done) will be submitted for judging along with Medical and Surgical Fellows at the end of each year. Graduating residents will not receive their certificate until research reports are submitted. Attending physicians are generally eager to suggest topics and provide guidance in this domain. The research project may take the form of a retrospective chart review, case report and literature review or development of a clinical research protocol, bench research project, or other project as approved by the RPD. Resources are available through the department, the Institute, and the School of Medicine.

Research listings for the department can be found in Googledocs under Research Opportunities . Residents have time available during their third year for a more in depth project(s) – usually 6 months or

more depending on projects. The resident should begin preparing for this in their second year, with discussion with the RPD, and a submitted proposal by April of 2nd year. Protected time is for lab research, physics research, or prospective trial design, implementation, and data collection. Retrospective chart review projects alone, though valuable, will not be given protected time.

Failure to engage in research projects during the first and second years may jeopardize promotion to the next year and will limit or completely remove the time allowed for a research project in the 3rd year.

Examinations

• All residents must have passed USMLE parts 1 and 2 before beginning the residency program.

• It is a requirement of the program that all residents take their USMLE step 3 exams before the end of the 1st year or residency, and this exam must be passed before 2nd year in the radiation residency program. If this is not obtained, then that resident’s contract will not be renewed and he/she will be placed on academic probation until a passing score is obtained.

• Residents are required to take all exams per the Program Director, i.e., RAPHEX, RABEX, In-Service,

radiobiology, physics, etc. None of these exams are optional. A grade of B or better is required for both Physics and Radbio courses. The program director will set the minimum required scores on other examinations.

Resources The Medical and Scientific Library is organized to serve the professional information needs of the clinical, research, and student community at Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Its resources and services are available to the entire Institute community, to other libraries, and to individuals in the area who have a legitimate need for its materials. The library collection includes over 95,000 volumes and receives approximately 3,300 current journals and serials subscriptions.


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The professional staff of the library offers both computerized and manual reference service as well as guidance in the use of the card catalog, reference books, indexes, abstracting journal, and other bibliographic tools. The RPCI Library provides HUBNET, an internet-based information system which is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week from all networked institute computers. HUBNET contains MEDLINE, Pre-MEDLINE, CINAHL (Nursing and allied health), and 18 other interdisciplinary bibliographic databases, two evidence-based medicine databases, 89 full-text journals, 38 reference books and textbooks, three drug information databases, and Health Reference Center, a patient information source. Residents may access HUBNET from home after obtaining HUBNET passwords for off campus use. PubMed, the National Library of Medicine’s portal for MEDLINE and Pre-MEDLINE, is available from any computer with internet access.


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III. RESIDENT REQUIREMENTS

Weekly Resident Expectations: • 8 consultations per week • 5 simulations per week • Plan to evaluate and participate in management of 50% of all OTVs (performing primary documentation

whenever possible, otherwise indicating in the record that resident was involved) • Plan to evaluate and participate in management of 50% of all follow-ups (performing primary

documentation whenever possible, otherwise with PA indicating in the dictation that the patient was seen with the resident)

• All port films must be signed off within 24 hours • All dictations must be completed within 24 hours of patient visit and signed off within 24 hours of

completed transcription. • All contouring should be completed within 2 business days unless previously cleared with the attending • All E-values for a given week must be completed by Tuesday at 8 am of the following week • Didactic lectures should be prepared for review by the appropriate attending and program director on the

Monday of the week before the week of the lecture. • Punctuality at all required conferences/meetings unless engaged in direct patient care. It is the resident’s

discretion for the Chief Resident to be involved prior to punishment of tardiness. When there are fewer than 8 consultations, and 5 simulations on a service, the resident is expected to find uncovered patients on another service. The requirement for minimum number of consults and simulations will be waived if there are fewer than the required numbers of consults in the department for a given week. If this is the case, then it is expected that ALL consults for the week will have been covered by a resident. Residents who miss time in a given week will have their requirements prorated to the number of days they were here. (eg if here for 4 of 5 days, then would have to see 4 x 1.6= 6.4 or 6 consultations. Weekly OTV requirements apply fully only if the resident is present on the service OTV day) Residents are to keep both the attending and Physician Assistant fully apprised of what is going on with the patients they see. They should ask the attending on service, ideally in writing, how this sign out process is to be done. For patients seen on other services, every effort should be made to follow the patient through to the completion of treatment planning. The clinical treatment planning note should also be done prior to simulation. Failure to consistently meet these minimum requirements may result in disciplinary action as described elsewhere in the handout, or on the UB Graduate Medical Education (GME) website.

Chief Resident A resident on good academic standing will be selected as Chief Resident by the RPD in consultation with faculty. The selection process and criteria are determined by the Residency Program Director (RPD). The appointment should be for a minimum period of six months. No more than two residents should serve as chief residents in a given year.


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The chief resident will be expected to: a) Assist the RPD (and resident coordinator) in development and successful implementation of conference schedules and resident call schedules. b) The chief resident will ensure all conference sign-in sheets are returned to the residency coordinator immediately after conference so the electronic evaluation system can occur. c) Act as a resident liaison to the program director, with the main responsibility of notifying the RPD of any significant issues affecting the performance or development of a resident(s) in a timely manner. d) Represent residents at faculty meetings and Department QA/QI meetings. e) Ensure all, teaching conferences/classes (for example, didactic conferences/classes, clinical case conferences, mortality and morbidity conferences, and journal clubs and others) occur as per the directions of the RPD (detailed elsewhere in this handbook), and ensure all attendance sign-in forms are returned to the residency coordinator immediately at the end of each conference to ensure the electronic conference log and evaluation process can be done in a timely manner. f) Assist with the professional behavior of residents and enforce the dress code. g) Assume more responsibility for overall supervision and teaching of junior residents in consultation with, and as directed to, by the RPD (eg. helping with orientation days). h) The chief resident will be expected to check with the physics and radiobiology course coordinators and inform the residents of class schedules. i) The chief resident will arrange for resident pediatric coverage when there is no resident assigned to the pediatric service for a particular rotation.

Clinic Coverage General clinic hours of operation for residents are 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, excluding off-site patient review conferences. Clinic hours may be changed at any time. Resident must remain in clinic during clinic hours or until all of their patients are finished with treatment. Each resident must follow the guidelines of the supervising attending they are on service with. During clinic hours each resident is responsible for his or her own patients. Additionally, new patients may be assigned to any resident by the attending staff based on schedules and availability during regular work hours.

Committees Residents are appointed to or can select to sit on the following committees:

1. Program Evaluation Committee – reviews program goals and objectives and the effectiveness of the program in achieving them. The review includes the utilization of the resources available to the program, the contribution of each institution participating in the program, the financial and administrative support of the program, the volume and variety of patients available to the program for educational purposes, the performance of members of the teaching staff, and the quality of supervision of residents. The group meets at least annually for this purpose and consists of the Program Director, Program Coordinator, faculty representative, and senior resident.

2. Incoming Resident Selection Committee – interviews and evaluates applicants selected to interview for

the upcoming opening. Usually the Chief Resident is appointed to this committee.

3. UB Residents’ Committee (UBRC - The mission of the UB Residents Committee (UBRC), which is comprised of an elected resident from each program, is to represent the residents in matters related to all aspects of residency education and serve as a liaison to the Graduate Medical Education Committee (GMEC).


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4. Other committees will form as Department initiatives develop. The Program Director will inform/select resident(s) to sit on these as deemed appropriate. Please contact the Program Coordinator or Program Director for more information.

Disciplinary Actions The Department of Radiation Medicine expects all residents to fulfill their responsibilities and conduct themselves in a competent, professional manner, and to follow the rules, regulations and policies of the University at Buffalo, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, the Department, affiliated hospitals, as well as federal and state law. In the event a resident falls short of these expectations, and/or engages in misconduct, violates rules, or fails to satisfactorily perform in the training program, the resident will be counseled and/or disciplined for his/her actions or inactions. Disciplinary or remediation will be conducted in accordance with the UB Graduate Medical Education (GME) Academic Policy and Procedure proscribed pathway of: Academic / Professional Enhancement, Probation, Non-promotion or ultimately (if not corrected), Non-renewal or Dismissal. This is further described on the UB GME website: http://wings.buffalo.edu/smbs/GME/documents/Academic_Action_3-10.pdf

Dress Code Residents must wear appropriate professional attire at all times. This consists of a shirt, tie, and dress pants for men. Appropriate attire for women includes dress pants or skirts and a blouse/dress shirt. Appropriate dress shoes must also be worn; therefore sneakers or boots are not permitted. Also, lab coats must be worn at all times when in the clinic area and scrubs are only to be worn if resident is doing a procedure. Following the procedure, resident is to return to professional attire.

Graduation Diplomas will be given out only after all checkout procedures have been completed. This means all dictation at all the facilities must be complete, paperwork must be turned in (including your four year cumulative case log) along with iPhone (if property of RPCI), ID cards, parking passes, remote access FOB, iPad, etc.

Moonlighting During your four-year residency program training it is our policy that you are not allowed to engage in employment outside of the training program (moonlighting).

On-call Responsibilities Residents take call from home via pager after regular clinic hours. Resident on call needs to be in the clinic when the first patient is treated until the last patient treatment has been completed. Call is taken in one-week blocks rotating among the residents. A faculty member and two therapists will also be designated on the call schedule. The resident is expected to discuss all emergency consults with the faculty member on call. Emergency treatment will not be initiated unless the attending physician is present. The resident will be expected to be able to perform a hand calculation for determination of monitor units. Therefore he/she should familiarize him/herself with the forms and tables utilized. In addition to after-hours emergency cases, the on-call team is responsible for emergent inpatient hospital consults and other inpatient consultations that cannot be seen by the usual attending who concentrates in the relevant radiation oncology subspecialty area.

Operational Issues During Clinical Rotations The Goals and Objectives: These will arrive electronically at the start of each rotation, and are to be read carefully and signed off by the resident at the beginning of each rotation, with any issue clarified with the rotation’s attending.

http://wings.buffalo.edu/smbs/GME/documents/Academic_Action_3-10.pdf


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Start of Rotation Discussion: At the start of each rotation the resident is to discuss with their attending (and PA if one exists) how the service will run, examine the overall expectations, and clarify operational issues, including how OTVs and Follow-ups will be seen by the resident on that particular service. Volume drawing: It is expected in general that all volumes are to be completed at the latest by 2 business days after simulation. Attendings can modify this on a case by case basis depending on special circumstances.

Professional Behavior A critical aspect of review will be the evaluation of professional behavior. Certain standards of behavior are always expected of physicians. Our residents are expected to adhere to these same high standards. Integrity and responsibility, humane and ethical conduct, punctuality and attendance, and the professionally appropriate behavior are emphasized. Adherence to ethical standards of conduct which define professional integrity and/or competence is part of the residents’ evaluation performance.

Record Keeping A record of all patients treated and procedures done must be kept by each resident throughout the residency.

• Cumulative logs (completed online, www.acgme.org) will be reviewed every 3-4 months. o The ACGME logs are expected to updated at least weekly.

• All electronic conference evaluations and simulation/clinical logs/evaluations for a given week must be filled out by Tuesday at 8 am of the following week.

• Requests for A-plus time, vacation or book purchases will be denied until logs are reviewed and up to date. Continued failure to meet these deadlines will be dealt with sanctions as proscribed by the UB GME office (sequentially this includes: enhancement, probation, termination.)

Time Off The following guidelines should be followed when planning time-off: Vacation Sick

20 days 20 days Any unused vacation time shall not be cumulative from year to year. Monetary reimbursement will not be given for unused sick or vacation time at the end of a resident’s program. However, sick time may be accumulated up to a maximum of one hundred twenty (120) days. See the Employee Benefits Policy

a. The official position of the training program is that the maximum amount of time-off per rotation

should not exceed five work-days. Longer periods of leave may be approved in special circumstances. Leave dates must be approved by the attending physician and the Program Director. Residents should give their supervising attending and the Program Director notice of intended time-off at least fourteen days in advance.

b. Residents requiring an extended (greater than two weeks) leave of absence due to illness, pregnancy or

other circumstances must obtain approval from the Program Director to ensure compliance with institutional and ABR/ACGME requirements.

c. In general, residents may not take time-off during the last two weeks of June or the first two weeks of

July (special dispensation can be made by both the service attending and RPD).


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d. A resident cannot go over 120 days of time off during the 4 year residency and must complete all training requirements in order to finish training on time.

Travel to Conferences Residents are encouraged to prepare research projects for presentation at scientific societies. Residents receive a CME fund each year in the amount of $1,800 that can be allocated for travel to meetings or other academic needs. Meetings should be prioritized, so enough clinical learning can occur on each rotation. Top priority is given to attending conferences where the resident is presenting research data (abstract, poster, talk) or has significant professional committee duties (eg. AMA, ACRO, ASTRO, ARRO representative). Next priority is given to the academic learning benefit of the meetings (eg. ASTRO, ACRO annual meetings, or ASTRO spring refresher, board review courses, Vail clinical trials development, etc). Other uses include of funds include use for books, PCs or other continuing medical education purpose.

Residents are granted academic time to attend these national meetings and must have the prior approval for travel from the Residency Program Director (RPD) and the faculty whose service(s) they are assigned. Special discussion and approval should occur with the RPD and service attending if more than 3 weeks (15 work days) of meeting time is to occur in a year, for prioritization. Residents must get this approval at least one (1) month in advance and make the necessary travel arrangements consistent with departmental guidelines.

IV. ACGME-ABR REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTS A final 4-year log of all cases treated with external beam and brachytherapy must be submitted at the completion of residency in order for the resident to document adequate case experience for board exam eligibility.

• Over the residency period, each resident must simulate and treat 450 patients o (150 per year minimum, 250 per year maximum),

• At least 5 interstitial implants and 15 intracavitary implants • Six radiopharmaceutical cases (see explanation below)

o 3 Iodine-like unsealed sources and 3 radioactive drug/other treatments. • Twelve pediatric cases

o At least 9 need to be solid tumors. • The resident must participate in the treatment planning and administration of at least 10 cases of

stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain and at least 5 cases of stereotactic body radiation therapy of the liver, lung, spine or other extracranial sites.

o Stereotactic radiosurgery may be delivered by a variety of available technologies using image guided stereotactic localization procedures and may be either intracranial or extracranial. As defined, radiosurgery may be administered in a single fraction or extended to a maximum of five fractions. More protracted courses of stereotactic radiation should be classified as external beam. It is recommended that residents maintain a separate file/list including the patient’s name,

age, diagnosis, stage, intent of treatment (palliative vs. curative) and type of treatment (external beam vs. brachytherapy, photons vs. electrons, or photon energy).

• One research project MUST be a formal quality improvement (QI) project. See ACGME website, as these guidelines may change at any time, www.acgme.org


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Time Allotment During Residency

Radiation Medicine At least 36 months Medical Oncology 2 months (or 4 hours per month during the clinical rotations) Pathology 1 month (or at least one hour per month during the clinical

rotations) Diagnostic Imaging 1 month (or at least one hour per month during the clinical

rotations) Physics Per physics curriculum Radiobiology Per radiobiology curriculum Elective 1 month in medical, surgical, pediatric, gynecological or various surgical subspecialties

You can also review ACGME program requirements by logging on to www.acgme.org (Review Committee, Radiation Oncology, Program requirements) and also ABR website, www.thearb.org for Board requirements. Research time is also allotted and adjustments are made to the schedule depending on residents’ plans, expectations, and progress. A review process is performed prior to making any adjustments.

Radiopharmaceutical Cases: Performed vs. Observed What constitutes "participation" in these six procedures? The RRC and ABR recognize that there will be considerable variability in the resident's degree of involvement, depending on the facility and the relationship between the authorized user and trainee. Since these procedures are generally performed outside of the radiation oncology facility, it is recognized that some residents may do formal rotations for fixed periods, and others may do cases as they come up, without formal fixed rotations. Therefore the extent of involvement in these procedures will vary. However one fulfills the six case requirements, it is expected that the trainee will understand the indications for the procedure, alternatives, the radiation safety issues, and the methods involved in the calculations and administration of the isotope. The trainee should be present when the isotope is delivered, and should understand the precautions and follow-up procedure. Ultimately, it is the authorized user who determines the satisfactory "participation" of the trainee and signs the form as satisfactorily completed.

QA/QI Requirement [Program Requirement: IV.A.5.c).(4)] systematically analyze practice using quality improvement methods, and implement changes with the goal of practice improvement; (Review Committees should define expectations regarding quality improvement within specialty specific program requirements.) FROM a FAQ in the ACGME newsletter: The program needs to document that residents (working alone or in a practice group) actively participate in an exercise in which they can examine some aspect of their practice to identify an area in need of improvement, and then implement a plan to bring about improvement. An exercise that examines some aspect of their educational activities can be used to meet this requirement if it is related to patient care. Residents will need to be provided instruction in quality improvement methods. This process is learned best when residents are able to work with those skilled in quality improvement.

http://www.acgme.org/

http://www.thearb.org/


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Additionally, from another FAQ: The QA/QI project findings should be presented at a specific departmental conference for this purpose with broad attendance.


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V. ACGME-ABR REQUIREMENTS OF RESIDENCY PROGRAMS The following changes must be in place by July 1, 2014. They will become active at RPCI January 1, 2014.

The RRC annual review points: (1) Rolling 5 year pass rate on written and oral exam (2) Resident case logs (3) Resident surveys -Somewhat is a non-compliant answer (4) Resident Scholarship (5) Faculty Scholarship (6) Milestone Evaluations -A score of 4 out of 5 in all 20 evaluation areas is required to graduate

- http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Program Evaluation Committee (PEC) (A) The following are the ACGME mandated requirements:

- PEC committee is to be appointed by the program director. - PEC will consist of at least:

o two program faculty members and o one resident

- written description of its responsibilities - PEC must participate in:

o planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating educational activities of the program; o review and make recs for revision of goals and objectives; o Annual program review using evaluations of faculty, residents, and others

must document formal, systematic evaluation of the curriculum at least annually, in a written Annual Program Evaluation (APE)

• The PEC must prepare a written plan of action to document initiatives to improve performance in one or more of the following areas (resident performance, faculty development, progress on previous year’s plan) as well as delineate how they will be measured and monitored.

o The action plan should be reviewed and approved by the teaching faculty and documented in meeting minutes.

(B) RPCI will implement the PEC as follows:

- PEC committee will consist of: o Drs. Malik and Mattson as well as o the chief resident

- The process of completing and finalizing the APE will be as follows: 1. Chief resident will review the prior APE with all of the residents 2. Chief resident will synthesize the comments from all residents

a. Particular emphasis will be placed on: i. Curriculum changes

ii. methods to improve resident performance b. A majority of the residents should approve

http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf



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3. The APE will then be reviewed by the faculty members and chief resident a. Any changes will be incorporated

i. Emphasis at this juncture will be on: 1. Review of the prior APE 2. Faculty development 3. Rotation goals and objectives

4. The APE will then be reviewed and finalized by the PD. 5. The PD will present the APE for review to the full faculty. Formal approval will be entered

into the minutes of the faculty meeting.

Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) (A) The following are the ACGME mandated requirements:

The CCC must be appointed by the PD.

- At a minimum the Clinical Competency Committee must be composed of three members of the program faculty.

• Others eligible for appointment to the committee include faculty from other programs and non-physician members of the health care team.

- The CCC should • Review resident evaluations semi-annually • Prepare and assure the reporting of Milestones • advise the program director regarding resident progress, including promotion,

remediation, and dismissal.

(B) RPCI will implement the CCC as follows:

- CCC committee will consist of: o The entire faculty, o the head of the physics department o The CCC will also consider input from all others members of the department and institute

including physicists, dosimetrists, and therapists

- CCC will meet the same day as the monthly faculty meeting o Milestones will be reviewed every other month o Milestones will be reported to the ACGME every 6 months o Minutes and a sign in sheet will be taken at each meeting

Evaluations Regular evaluation of resident performance and faculty/program quality is an important aspect of the

residency program. Electronic Instruments have been designed to capture resident competency-based performance, and to examine mentoring/teaching throughout training, at as many places as possible. Electronic competency-based evaluations will occur at multiple conferences (Case conference, Morning Seminar Conference, Journal Club, Morbidity & Mortality), assessing resident performance and mentoring. Electronic competency-based end of clinical rotation evaluations also occur, examining each clinical rotation (with resident, attending, 360 and patient evaluations). All evaluations must be completed by residents by Tuesday morning of the following week.


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Recognition of any problems at the earliest possible time allows rapid remediation/correction. The

majority of difficulties with resident performance can be handled via informal means such as counseling or additional instruction with attending. If significant problems persist however, a resident may be placed on probation in accordance with institutional policy. A copy of the policy on probation and termination of graduate medical education trainees is available in the program director’s office. A ‘Promotions Board’ will meet annually in June to review resident performance and recommend promotion to the next post-graduate training level. The following evaluations will run continuously through the year(day/time subject to change):

• Case Conference (Friday, noon, weekly)-included peer evaluation • Morning Seminar Series (Thursday, 8am, weekly)-included peer evaluation • Journal Club ( Thursday, 8am, monthly)-included peer evaluation • Morbidity and Mortality conference (Friday, noon, monthly)-included peer-evaluation • Chart Rounds Conference (Mondays, 12 noon)

The following evaluations will be completed following each clinical rotation (every 2 months):

• Resident Evaluation by supervising attending • Resident Evaluation by staff (therapists, nurses, PA’s, dosimetrists, and physicists) and patients. • Rotation/Program Evaluation by residents

Program Director will meet with resident after 3 rotations (every 6 months)

● Review of resident performance by program director ● Review of resident case logs by program director

● Review of CCC Evaluations Annual evaluations include:

• Annual performance review by program director • Program Evaluations (yearly) – One by all residents, One by faculty, One by Program Committee (RPD,

Coordinator, faculty member(s), resident(s)).

Requirement for Promotion

• Compliance with all of the requirements laid out in the residency manual and as per the next accreditation system (NAS).

• Maintenance of scores greater than the 20th percentile in the in-service exam. • Per ACGME Guidelines, the annual number simulations to be performed by a resident is a minimum of

150, with a maximum of 250. Residents in our program are expected to have at least 200 simulations. If at risk for failing to meet this requirement, the program director may prescribe remedies as outlined elsewhere and re-evaluation.

Failure to meet these criteria will result in sanctions to be determined by the program director. These sanctions include but are not limited to: lack of promotion to the next academic rank, academic enhancement, and/or probation.


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ACGME Next Accreditation System (NAS) Milestones http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf



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VI. ACADEMIC SCHEDULE (Table 1) Below is a BRIEF summary of the academic schedule. See Appendix I and II for more details. NOTES: For the Case Conference, Morning Seminar Conference, Journal Club, and Morbidity & Mortality Conference:

• The conferences have sign in sheets, to be delivered by Chief resident (or designate for that day) to Residency Coordinator immediately after the conference is held, so the electronic evaluation process can initiate.

• The presenting resident is to contact the attending they are to do a conference with AT LEAST two weeks prior to the conference so the attending has time to work with and guide the resident.

Other conferences below will have their own sign in sheets (managed by other parts of RPCI), which will be sent electronically to the Residency Coordinator. Case Conference: Clinical Case Presentation and Literature Review (Friday, Noon, Weekly)

All attendings (including Mentoring attending) and residents will be present (anyone is welcome). They consist of a formal case presentation with a faculty mentor. One resident presents a case (presenting resident) and other resident (responding resident) is chosen at random to answer questions about the case from the faculty mentor for the case. Other attendings also can ask questions as permitted by Mentor attending. Only residents in the clinic (i.e. with an attending mentor) will be presenting resident, but all can be responding residents. The attendings have developed case curriculum choices to guide the topics chosen, but the mentor can choose to do additional interesting cases (topics).

This is then followed by targeted (key) literature review by the presenting resident on a topic(s) brought up by the case. The resident is expected to prepare a single page double sided handout on a few key papers brought up by the particular case being presented. This handout must then focus on a very limited number of points of interest that the presented case illustrates (usually in the form of presentations of 2-3 “classic” or important papers. The presenting resident must prepare the handout, and the chief resident has the responsibility of ensuring an electronic copy of each conference’s single page handout is sent to the residency coordinator for incorporation into the library. Electronic Evaluations:

• Electronic Evaluation of Presenting Resident (by all present, ACGME Competency-based) • Electronic Evaluation of Responding Resident (by all present, ACGME Competency-based) • Electronic Evaluation of Attending Mentor (by presenting resident)

Morning Seminar Conference: ( Thursday mornings, 8-9am, Weekly). Didactic A Mentoring Attending, and all residents are present (anyone else is welcome). Residents will present a review of major clinical topics (usually powerpoint presentation) in that attending’s area of expertise, with attending mentorship to prepare talk and choose topic from faculty developed topics/curriculum. For the last 10 minutes of the conference, the mentoring attending may ask the presenting resident questions on the topic to ensure they learned the material being presented, and to clarify points brought up during the presentation (others present can ask questions as permitted by the mentoring attending). A draft of the presentation is due to the mentoring attending no later than Monday (8 am) of the week prior to scheduled presentation date. This is intended to allow adequate time for comments/suggestions so the quality of presentation can be maximized. Thoughtful and content-based feedback from attending physician is expected.


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Electronic Evaluations: • Electronic Evaluation of Presenting Resident (by all present ACGME competency-based) • Electronic Evaluation of Attending Mentor (by presenting resident)

Journal Club ( Thursday morning, 8-9am, Monthly, same week as Morbidity & Mortality), Analysis of Literature

The Journal Club (Clinical, Biology, or Physics) occurs monthly, usually the 3rd or 4th Monday of every month. Mentors can include: Attendings, Physics faculty, Biology faculty (depending on nature of session). They are present with all residents. (all others welcome). Physics students can present physics papers (in addition to residents). Emphasis is on background in the area, dissection and analysis of the paper. Three residents are paired with faculty mentors who help them choose papers in each topic (clinical, biology, physics). The resident will present the paper, paying particular attention to background/context, data and analysis, and whether the results support the conclusions. Strengths and weaknesses of each paper are to be presented. The presenting residents have to get the papers to the chief resident, who has the responsibility of providing the attending and residents with copies of the papers to be presented at least a day prior to the meeting (usually all are collected into a packet). The journal articles should also be sent electronically to attendings and residents, but a hard-copy packet is required for everyone prior to presentation (as detailed above). Periodically, residents will also receive electronic journal articles through e-mails, reviewed by the program director or attending from selected radiation oncology journals. In addition, residents are strongly encouraged to attend other Interdepartmental Journal Clubs, including Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology. Electronic Evaluations:

• Electronic Evaluation of Presenting Resident by Mentor (ACGME Competency-based) • Electronic Evaluation of their specific Mentor by their Presenting Resident

Mortality and Morbidity (Friday, Noon, Monthly, same week as Journal Club) All attendings present and all residents are present. 1-2 cases are presented by a resident, mentored by the attending that had that morbidity/mortality issue. A review of all treatment complications will be discussed. A detailed presentation by a resident physician on a rotational basis will be done. A discussion concerning the complications, the cause, the results, and possible avoidance will be discussed by the residents and staff. This will also include cases which have failed treatment, with an attempt to elucidate the cause of failure. Electronic Evaluations:

• Electronic Evaluation of Presenting Resident by all attendings AND all residents. present, ACGME Competency-based, capturing peer-evaluation)

• Electronic Evaluation of their specific Mentor by presenting resident Chart Rounds - Patient Treatment and Planning Conference (Monday, noon, weekly) Residents should know their patients extremely well, and are expected to prepare the following:

• Summary of the pertinent history, staging, physical findings and laboratory work-up of the patient. The residents may be asked clinical questions during the rounds, and may be given assignments (papers or points to look up depending on their answers). It is important for the resident to identify the central areas of interest in the patient’s management and to use the medical literature to address them when needed.

• Electronic Evaluation of Presenting Resident by all present. ACGME competency-based, capturing peer-evaluation).

• Electronic Evaluation of the MD Clinical Treatment Planning Note by all residents.


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Combined Fellows Lecture Series (Tues Afternoons – 5-6pm, weekly) This is a combined radiation, medical, surgical oncology lecture series. It will examine ethics, epidemiology, statistics, clinical trial design, cancer biology and clinical care, oncologic research, and other topics. Attendance is required for all residents. Sign in sheets are kept and >80% attendance is expected. Faculty Forum (Wed 8-9am) This is a special Institute-wide forum, with leading outside speakers from around the country (indeed the world) in cancer research and clinics. Encouraged but optional for attendance. Medical Oncology Grand Rounds (Friday, weekly, 8:00 a.m.) Grand rounds feature special presentations by visiting Consortium, department faculty, and chief residents. The objective is a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology of problems in oncology and the sub-specialties of the field, with emphasis on both the clinical and basic science. The Chief Resident and Program Director will determine relevant grand rounds to attend. Required attendance for all residents.

Physics/Radiobiology Schedules (See Appendix I and II for details) A separate Physics and Radiobiology lecture series will be given over the four-year residency program. Each resident must attend the scheduled lectures per year in each area. Each lecture series will become progressively enhanced as the resident progresses through the three year rotation. Attendance is mandatory and successful completions of examination are required to continue to the next series and complete the rotation. If absent from more than 20% of any series, the resident must repeat the series the following year. Residents are expected to attend every required class and obtain at least a grade of B on the class exam). Unexpected absences and persistent tardiness will be noted on the resident’s performance evaluation form. In cases where an individual anticipates being late to or absent from class, he or she is to notify the faculty lecturing that day or the Program Coordinator. Because the course meeting time for these classes has been coordinated by the Department so as not to conflict with the residents’ clinical activities, engagement in such activities cannot be used as a justifiable excuse for missing class. If, after taking these courses the second time through, a resident does not obtain a grade of B or above on the course, that resident’s contract will not be renewed and he/she will be placed on academic probation until the material is learned and the requisite grade is obtained on the course exam. Residents will also not be permitted to begin their academic research time (usually done in year 3 of the residency) until the required courses and grades are obtained from the first two years of classes.


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TABLE 1. INTRADEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCE SCHEDULE

Conference Frequency Responsible Party

Patient Treatment Weekly- Department Chair & Planning Conference Monday - Noon / Chart Review (QA/QI)

Physics Class As per scheduled Physics Division Radiation Biology Class Every other year Radiation Biology Division Resident Morning Weekly Program Director Conference Resident Case Weekly Program Director Conference Resident Monthly Program Director Journal Club

Mortality and Morbidity Monthly Department Chair Conference


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TABLE 2. INTERDEPARTMENTAL CONFERENCE SCHEDULE Conference Frequency Responsible Party

GU – RPCI Weekly GU/Radiation Med.

BREAST-RPCI Weekly Breast Service

GYN – RPCI 2 times / month GYN Service

PEDS Weekly Peds – Children’s & RPCI

Sarcoma/Melanoma Weekly Surgery Service

Medical Grand Rounds Weekly (Required) RPCI Faculty Forum Weekly (Required) RPCI

Surgical Grand Rounds Weekly RPCI

Esophagus GI RPCI Weekly GI Service Hepatobiliary GI RPCI Weekly GI Service Colorectal GI RPCI Weekly GI Service Medical Oncology – RPCI Weekly Medical Oncology

M & M Surgical – RPCI Weekly Surgical Oncology Thoracic – RPCI Weekly Pulmonary

Head & Neck RPCI Weekly Head & Neck Service Gamma Knife 2 times/mo. RPCI (Citywide)

Oncology Core Weekly RPCI Curriculum

RPCI/Oncology Debates 8-10 times/ yr RPCI


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VII. ROTATION SPECIFIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES At the request of the residents during the UB program evaluation of 2013, the following list rotation specific goals and objectives were produced.

Adult Brain Tumor Level 1

• Acquires accurate and relevant history and performs a general physical examination • Appropriately identifies relevant anatomy • Recognizes situations with a need for urgent or emergent medical care, including life-threatening

conditions Level 2

• Performs a detailed directed physical examination; integrates pathology and imaging reports; accurately stages a patient and designates prognostic factors

• Lists normal tissue at risk; understands proper patient positioning and immobilization • Exhibits core knowledge of Neuroimaging anatomy • Recognizes toxicities/symptoms seen in patients with brain tumors treated with radiotherapy

Level 3

• Explains the main treatment options • Contours target(s) and normal tissues with minimal inaccuracies; states appropriate dose planning

objectives for normal tissues and target(s) • Exhibits fluency in image co-registration as well as anatomical delineation of targets • With supervision, manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in patients with brain tumors treated

with radiotherapy Level 4

• Makes a comprehensive treatment recommendation that is appropriate; describes evidence that supports the treatment plan

• Is able to participate in planning for stereotactic procedures • Contours normal tissue and target(s) accurately; critically evaluates treatment plan options • Independently manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in patients with brain tumors treated


• Conducts clinical research • Develops special expertise to treat and manage the most complex cases • Develops protocols to minimize toxicities/ symptoms or has an exceptional understanding of

management of toxicities/symptoms PGY 2- Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone.


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PGY 4- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone. For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Breast and Sarcoma Basics: Be on time Be prepared Be interested Put the patient first Know and verbalize your limits and needs Ask questions Communicate well with the team General functions: Prepare in advance Coordinate the schedule in advance Check port films daily Attend STM and breast conferences Follow up on pending tasks and communicate with the team Send start dates/completions dates as applicable Complete dictations in timely matter (content and appropriateness of medical decision making discussion should improve with training) Complete dosimetry in a timely matter Sign out service Patient Preparation: Review patients in advance Reivew conference lists/cases in advance Complete consent and MD clinical treatment planning note in advance of sim and discuss with attending as appropriate Follow up on pending items (imaging, biopsy results, care coordination with other services) Knowledge: Staging Incidence and natural history Risk factors Presentation Pertinent positive and negative findings Appropriate work up Treatment paradigms and rationale including general knowledge about other modalities (surgery, chemotherapy/systemic therapy) Indications and contraindications for treatment Risks associated with treatment and how to discuss with the patient to obtain informed consent




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Literature in support Relevant and current studies Applicable contouring atlases and studies Simulation, positioning, field placement How to review port films and make shifts On treatment expected effects and management strategies Follow up evaluation Increasing knowledge as continuum throughout residency and with subsequent rotations Starting with NCCN guidelines relevant to disease site(s) Then didactics Then primary literature Increasing responsibility for managing the service with increasing competency Level 1: The resident demonstrates milestones expected of an incoming resident. Level 2: The resident is advancing and demonstrates additional milestones, but is not yet performing at a mid-residency level. Level 3: The resident continues to advance and demonstrate additional milestones, consistently including the majority of milestones targeted for residency. Level 4: The resident has advanced so that he or she now substantially demonstrates the milestones targeted for residency. This level is designed as the graduation target. Level 5: The resident has advanced beyond performance targets set for residency and is demonstrating “aspirational” goals which might describe the performance of someone who has been in practice for several years. It is expected that only a few exceptional residents will reach this level. PGY 2- Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 4- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone. For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Gastrointestinal (GI) Level 1

• Acquires accurate and relevant history and performs a general physical examination • Identifies relevant anatomy • Recognizes situations where there is a need for urgent or emergent medical care, including life-

threatening conditions



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Level 2


• Lists organs at risk; understands proper patient positioning and immobilization • Recognizes toxicities/symptoms seen in GI cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 3

• Explains the main treatment options • Contours target(s)/normal tissues and delineates field borders with minimal inaccuracies; states

appropriate dose planning objectives for normal tissues and target(s) • With supervision, manages toxicities/symptoms seen in GI cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy

Level 4


• Contours target(s)/normal tissues and delineates field borders accurately; critically evaluates the quality of the treatment plan

• Independently manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in GI cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 5


management of toxicities/symptoms PGY 2- Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 4- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone. For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Genitourinary (Prostate/Bladder/Testicular) 1. Basic Functions

a. Check port films daily.




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b. Consults – determine symptoms, extent of disease, performance status (ability to tolerate treatment). c. Learn GU anatomy and exam. d. Learn various treatment options. e. Review pertinent literature, specifically treatment results. f. See consults first, OTVs next, then F/Us with PA or attending. g. Attend Prostate Cancer Consortium meetings every 1st & 3rd Tuesday at 7:30 AM. h. Attend GU Multi-D conference every 2nd & 4th Wednesday at 4:30 PM.

2. Patient Preparation

a. Obtain written consent for radiation therapy. b. Write prescription and perform simulation.

3. Dosimetry

a. Keep track of patients in Dosimetry. b. Contours should be completed ASAP, specifically Sims scheduled that week. c. Learn contouring of GTV, CTV & PTV. d. Review fields to control target volume, draw blocks/multileaf shapes, and dose constraints to spare

critical normal tissues. e. Keep attending informed of contour completion.

4. Follow all patients on treatment

a. Recognize and manage acute treatment-related toxicities. b. Continue to follow patient after treatment to recognize and manage late effects of therapy. c. Evaluate for and treat possible recurrent and metastatic disease.

5. Learn literature (progression during residency) – Refer to suggested reading lists for each disease site.

a. Basics as per dictation template or NCCN Guidelines. b. Level of oral boards exam. c. Be able to quote the literature freely and apply it to patients “on the fly” at time of consult.

Brachytherapy – Patient Care Level 1

• Observes patients undergoing brachytherapy Level 2

• Selects appropriate patients and understands relevant radiation safety protocols and procedures Level 3

• Plans and performs brachytherapy with minimal faculty member assistance Level 4

• Is able to independently plan and perform brachytherapy appropriately Level 5

• Exceptional technical performance of brachytherapy PGY 2: Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3: Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 4: Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5: Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone.


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For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Suggested Reading List – Prostate American College of Radiology. ACR appropriates guideline-radiation oncology: prostate. Retrieved online at www.acr.org/ac. Anscher MS, Clough R, Dodge R. Radiotherapy for a rising prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: the first 10 years. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 48(2): 369-75. Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, et al. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomized trial. Lancet 2002; 360:103-108. Bolla M, de Reijke TM, Van Tienhoven G, et al. Duration of androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2516-2527. Bolla M, Gonzalez D, Warde P, et al. Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:295-300. Bolla M, Van Poppel H, Collette L, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911). Lancet 2005; 366(9485):572-578. Brundage M, Lukka H, Crook J, et al. The use of conformal radiotherapy and the selection of radiation dose in T1 or T2 low or intermediate risk prostate cancer – a systematic review. Radiother Oncol 2002; 64(3): 239-50. Carey B, Swift S. The current role of imaging for prostate brachytherapy. Cancer Imaging 2007; 7:27-33. Choo R, Hruby G, Hong J, et al. Positive resection margin and/or pathologic T3 adenocarcinoma of prostate with undetectable postoperative prostate-specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: to irradiate or not? Int J Radiat Oncol Phys 2002; 52(3): 674-80. Ciezki JP, Klein EA, Angermeier K, et al. A retrospective comparison of androgen deprivation (AD) vs. no AD among low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60(5): p1347-50. Copp H, Bissonette EA, Theodorescu D. Tumor control outcomes of patients treated with trimodality therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2005; 65(6):1146-1151. D’Amico AV, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, et al. Androgen suppression and radiation vs. radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008; 299:289-295. D’Amico AV, Chen MH, Roehl KA, et al. Preoperative PSA velocity and the risk of death from prostate cancer



http://www.acr.org/ac


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after radical prostatectomy. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:125-135. D’Amico AV, Cote K, Loffredo M, Renshaw AA, Schultz D. Determinants of prostate cancer-specific survival after radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:4567-4573 D’Amico AV et al. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20(23):4567-4573. D’Amico AV, Manola J. Loffredo M, Renshaw AA, DellaCroce A, Kantoff PW. 6-month androgen suppression plus radiation therapy vs. radiation therapy alone for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292:821-827. D’Amico AV, Moul JW, Carroll PR, et al. Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95:1376-1383. D’Amico AV, Whittington R, Malkowicz SB, et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 1998; 280(11):969-974. Dearnaley DP, Khoo VS, Norman AR, et al. Comparison of radiation side effects of conformal and conventional radiotherapy in prostate cancer: a randomized trial. Lancet 1999; 353:267-272. Demanes DJ, Rodriguez RR, Schour L, et al. High dose rate intensity modulated brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: California endocurietherapy’s 10-year results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 61(5):1306-1316. Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, et al. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomized controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2005; 6:841-850. Dicker AP, Lin CC, Leeper DB, et al. Isotope selection for permanent prostate implants? An evaluation of 103Pd versus 125I based on radiobiological effectiveness and dosimetry. Semin Urol Oncol 2000;18(2): 152-9. Do LV, Do TM, Smith R, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate: impact on both local control and distant disease-free survival. Am J Clin Oncol 2002; 25(1): 1-8. Galalae RM, Martinez A, Mate T, et al. Long-term outcome by risk factors using conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost with or without neoadjuvant androgen suppression for localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58(4):1048-1055. Hanks, GE, Pajak TF, Porter A, et al. Phase III trial of long term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: The ROTC group protocol 92-02. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:3972-3978. Horwitz EM, Bae K, Hanks GE, et al. Ten-year follow up of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 92-02: a phase III trial of the duration of elective androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2497-2504. Kalapurakal JA, Huang CF, Neriamparampil MM, et al. Biochemical disease-free survival following adjuvant and salvage irradiation after radical prostatectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 54(4): 1047-54.


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Katz MS, Zelefsky MJ, Venkatraman ES, et al. Predictors of biochemical outcome with salvage conformal radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21(3): 483-9. Khoo VS. Radiotherapeutic techniques for prostate cancer, dose escalation and brachytherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005; 17:560-571. Koukourakis G, Kelekis N, Armonis V, et al. Brachytherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review. Adv Urol 2009:327945, Epub 2009 Sept 1. Kuban D, Pollack A, Huang E, et al. Hazards of dose escalation in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57(5): 1260-8. Kuban DA, Tucker SL, Dong L, et al. Long-term results of the M. D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:67-74. Lukka H, Warde P, Pickles T, et al. Controversies in prostate cancer radiotherapy: consensus development. Can J. Urol 2001; 8(4): 1314-22. Martinez A, Gonzalez J, Spencer W, et al. Conformal high dose rate brachytherapy improves biochemical control and cause specific survival in patients with prostate cancer and poor prognostic factors. J Urol 2003; 169(3):974-979. Mayer R, Pummer K, Quehenberger F, et al. Post-prostatectomy radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Urology 2002; 59(5): 732-9. Meier R et al, Cancer 2006; 70(7):1960-66. Merrick GS, Butler WM, Galbreath RW, et al. Relationship between percent positive biopsies and biochemical outcome after permanent interstitial brachytherapy for clinically organ-confined carcinoma of the prostate gland. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 52(3): 664-73. Merrick GS, Butler WM, Wallner KE, et al. Permanent interstitial brachytherapy in younger patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer. Urology 2004; 64:754-759. Merrick GS, Wallner KE, Butler WM. Minimizing prostate brachytherapy-related morbidity. Urology 2003; 62(5):786-792. Merrick GS, Wallner KE, Butler WM. Permanent interstitial brachytherapy in the management of carcinoma of the prostate gland. J Urol 2003; 169(5):1643-1652. Michalski JM, Bae K, Roach M, et al. Long-Term Toxicity Following 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer from the RTOG 9406 Phase I/II Dose Escalation Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76(1):14-22. Nag S, Bice W, DeWyngaert K, et al. The American Brachytherapy Society recommendations for permanent prostate brachytherapy postimplant dosimetric analysis. Int J. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46:221-230. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guideline in Oncology: Prostate CancerTM.


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V.2.2009. Retrieved online at http://www.nccn.org/index.asp. Nelson CP, Rubin MA, Strawderman M, et al. Preoperative parameters for predicting early prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Urology 2002; 59(5): 740-5; discussion 745-6. Nguyen KH, Horwitz EM, Hanlon AL, et al. Does short-term androgen deprivation substitute for radiation dose in the treatment of high-risk prostate cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57(2): 377-83. Pearson SD, Ladapo, Prosser L. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer. Institute for Clinical and Economic Review 2007. Retrieved from www.mgh-ita.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=15&Itemid=106. Peeters ST, Heemsbergen WD, Koper PC, et al. Dose-response in radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: results of the Dutch multicenter randomized phase III trial comparing 68 Gy of radiotherapy with 78 Gy. J. Clin Oncol 2006; 24:1990-1996. Pollack A, Zagars GK, Starkschall G, et al. Prostate cancer radiation dose response: results of the M. D. Anderson phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 53:1097-1105. Potters L., Morgenstern C., Calugaru E, et al. 12-year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. J Urol 2008; 179:S29-24. Roach M, 3rd, Hanks G, Thames H, Jr., et al. Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006; 65:965-974. Sathya JR, Davis IR, Julian JA, et al. Randomized trial comparing iridium implant plus external-beam radiation therapy with external-beam radiation therapy alone in node-negative locally advanced cancer of the prostate. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(6):1192-1199. Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Kattan MW, et al. Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:2035-2041. Stephenson AJ, Shariat SF, Zelefsky MJ, et al. Salvage radiotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. JAMA 2004; 291(11):1325-32. Stock RG, Cahlon O, Cesaretti JA, et al. Combined modality treatment in the management of high-risk prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 59(5):1352-1359. Swanson GP, Goldman B, Tangen CM, et al. The prognostic impact of seminal vesicle involvement found at prostatectomy and the effects of adjuvant radiation: data from Southwest Oncology Group 8794. J Urol 2008; 180:2453-2457; discussion 2458. Teh BS; Mai WY; Augspurger ME; et al. Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) following prostatectomy: more favorable acute genitourinary toxicity profile compared to primary IMRT for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49(2):465-72. Thompson IM, Jr., Tangen CM Paradelo J, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2006; 296:2329-2335.

http://www.nccn.org/index.asp

http://www.mgh-ita.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=15&Itemid=106

http://www.mgh-ita.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=15&Itemid=106


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Thompson IM, Jr., Tangen CM, Paradelo J, Lucia MS, Miller G, Troyer D et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2006; 296(19):2329-2335. Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Paradelo J, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of metastases and improves survival: long-term follow up of a randomized clinical trial. J Urol 2009; 181:956-962. Tiguert R; Rigaud J; Lacombe L; Laverdiere J; Fradet Y. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy before salvage radiotherapy for an increasing post-radical prostatectomy serum prostate specific antigen level. J Urol 2003; 170(2 Pt 1):447-50. Valicenti RK, Hanlon AL, Pisansky HM et al. Abstract 38 at 2006 Multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Symposium - American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Van der Kwast TH, Bolla M, Van Poppel H, et al. Identification of patients with prostate cancer who benefit from immediate postoperative radiotherapy: EORTC 22911. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:4178-4186. Van der Kwast, TH, Bolla M, Poppel H, et al. Identification of patients with prostate cancer who benefit from immediate postoperative radiotherapy: EORTC 22911. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(27):4178-86. Wilder RB, Hsiang JY, Ji M, et al. Preliminary results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as salvage treatment for a rising prostate-specific antigen level post-prostatectomy. Am J Clin Oncol 2000; 23(2): 176-80. Yang J, Abdel-Wahab M, Ribeiro A. EUS-guided fiducial placement before targeted radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2009; 70(3):579-583. Zaider M, Zelefsky MJ, Hanin LG, et al. A survival model for fractionated radiotherapy with an application to prostate cancer. Phys Med Biol 2001; 46(10): 2745-58. Zelefsky MJ, Kattan MW, Fearn P, et al. Pretreatment nomogram predicting ten-year biochemical outcome of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Urology 2007; 70:283-287. Zelefsky MJ, Marion C, Fuks Z, et al. Improved biochemical disease-free survival of men younger than 60 years with prostate cancer treated with high dose conformal external beam radiotherapy. J Urol 2003; 170(5): 1828-32. Zietman AL, DeSilvio ML, Slater JD, et al. Comparison of conventional-dose vs. high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005; 294:1233-1239. American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Seventh Edition. 2010.

Suggesting Reading List - Bladder Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62:10-29. Available at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22237781.


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Chalasani V, Chin JL, Izawa JI. Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J 2009;3:S193-198. Available at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019984. American Urological Association. Guideline for the Management of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer:

(Stages Ta,T1, and Tis). 2007. Available at: http://www.auanet.org/content/clinical-practiceguidelines/clinical-guidelines.cfm. Accessed November 27,2012.

Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual

patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol 2006;49:466-465; discussion 475-467. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16442208.

Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, eds. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2010. Montironi R, Lopez-Beltran A. The 2004 WHO classification of bladder tumors: a summary and commentary.

Int J Surg Pathol 2005;13:143-153. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864376. Babjuk M, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, et al. EAU guidelines on nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of

the bladder, the 2011 update. Eur Urol 2011;59:997-1008. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458150. Huncharek M, Geschwind JF, Witherspoon B, et al. Intravesical chemotherapy prophylaxis in primary

superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of 3703 patients from 11 randomized trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:676-680. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10941943.

Verma S, Rajesh A, Prasad SR, et al. Urinary bladder cancer: role of MR imaging. Radiographics 2012;32:371-

387. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22411938. Herr HW, Faulkner JR, Grossman HB, et al. Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: a cooperative

group report. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2781-2789. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199091. Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with

cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2003;349:859-866. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12944571.

Zaghloul MS, Awwad HK, Akoush HH, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma in bilharzial bladder:

improved disease free survival through improving local control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;23:511-517. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1612951.

Cozzarini C, Pellegrini D, Fallini M, et al. Reappraisal of the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in muscle-invasive

transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 1999;45(Suppl):221-222. Available at:

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360301699901621. Mak RH, Zietman AL, Heney NM, et al. Bladder preservation: optimizing radiotherapy and integrated

treatment strategies. BJU Int 2008;102:1345-1353. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19035903.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019984


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Fedeli U, Fedewa SA, Ward EM. Treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer: evidence from the National

Cancer Database, 2003 to 2007. J Urol 2011;185:72-78. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21074192. Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Zehr E, et al. Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol

treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urology 2002;60:62-67; discussion 67-68. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12100923.

Shipley WU, Winter KA, Kaufman DS, et al. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with

invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3576-3583. Available at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9817278. Coppin CM, Gospodarowicz MK, James K, et al. Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by

concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2901-2907. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8918486.

James ND, Hussain SA, Hall E, et al. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder

cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1477-1488. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512481.

Sternberg CN, Pansadoro V, Calabro F, et al. Can patient selection for bladder preservation be based on

response to chemotherapy? Cancer 2003;97:1644-1652. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655521. Rodel C, Grabenbauer GG, Kuhn R, et al. Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in

invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3061-3071. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12118019.

Efstathiou JA, Spiegel DY, Shipley WU, et al. Long-term outcomes of selective bladder preservation by

combined-modality therapy for invasive bladder cancer: the MGH experience. Eur Urol 2012;61:705-711. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101114.

Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WU, et al. The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG

95-06: phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response. Oncologist 2000;5:471-476. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11110598.

Hagan MP, Winter KA, Kaufman DS, et al. RTOG 97-06: initial report of a phase I-II trial of selective bladder

conservation using TURBT, twice-daily accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin, and adjuvant MCV combination chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003;57:665-672. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14529770.

Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WU, et al. Phase I-II RTOG study (99-06) of patients with muscle-invasive

bladder cancer undergoing transurethral surgery, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and twice-daily radiotherapy


34

followed by selective bladder preservation or radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Urology 2009;73:833-837. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100600.

Efstathiou JA, Bae K, Shipley WU, et al. Late pelvic toxicity after bladder-sparing therapy in patients with

invasive bladder cancer: RTOG 89-03, 95-06, 97-06, 99-06. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4055-4061. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636019.

Suggested Reading List – Testicular

Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2011. Available

at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20138. Nazeer T, Ro JY, Amato RJ, et al. Histologically pure seminoma with elevated alpha-fetoprotein: a

clinicopathologic study of ten cases. Oncol Rep 1998;5:1425-1429. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9769381. Weissbach L, Bussar-Maatz R, Mann K. The value of tumor markers in testicular seminomas. Results of a

prospective multicenter study. Eur Urol 1997;32:16-22. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266226. Ragni G, Somigliana E, Restelli L, et al. Sperm banking and rate of assisted reproduction treatment: insights

from a 15-year cryopreservation program for male cancer patients. Cancer 2003;97:1624-1629.Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655518.

Brydoy M, Fossa SD, Klepp O, et al. Paternity following treatment for testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst

2005;97:1580-1588. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16264178. Huyghe E, Matsuda T, Daudin M, et al. Fertility after testicular cancer treatments: results of a large multicenter

study. Cancer 2004;100:732-737. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14770428. Gordon W, Jr., Siegmund K, Stanisic TH, et al. A study of reproductive function in patients with seminoma

treated with radiotherapy and orchidectomy: (SWOG-8711). Southwest Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;38:83-94. Available at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9212008. Mead GM, Fossa SA, Oliver RT, et al. Randomized Trials in 2466, Patients with Stage I Seminoma: Patterns of

Relapse and Follow-up. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:241-249. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212385.

Aparicio J, Garcia del Muro X, Maroto P, et al. Multicenter study evaluating a dual policy of postorchiectomy

surveillance and selective adjuvant single-agent carboplatin for patients with clinical stage I seminoma. Ann Oncol 2003;14:867-872. Available at:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12796024. Warde P, Specht L, Horwich A, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed by

surveillance: a pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:4448-4452. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12431967.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212385


35

Chung P, Parker C, Panzarella T, et al. Surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma - risk of late relapse. Can J Urol 2002;9:1637-1640. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12431325.

Warde P, Gospodarowicz MK, Banerjee D, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I testicular seminoma

treated with surveillance. J Urol 1997;157:1705-1709; discussion 1709-1710. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9112510.

Chung PW, Daugaard G, Tyldesley S, et al. Prognostic factors for relapse in stage I seminoma managed with

surveillance: A validation study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:Abstract 4535. Available at: http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/15_suppl/4535.

Chung P, Warde P. Stage I seminoma: adjuvant treatment is effective but is it necessary? J Natl Cancer Inst

2011;103:194-196. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212383. Oliver RT, Mason MD, Mead GM, et al. Radiotherapy versus singledose carboplatin in adjuvant treatment of

stage I seminoma: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;366:293-300. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16039331.

Oliver RT, Mead GM, Rustin GJ, et al. Randomized Trial of Carboplatin Versus Radiotherapy for Stage I

Seminoma: Mature Results on Relapse and Contralateral Testis Cancer Rates in MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 Study (ISRCTN27163214). J Clin Oncol 2011. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21282539.

Garmezy B, Pagliaro LC. Choosing treatment for stage I seminoma: who should get what? Oncology (Williston

Park) 2009;23:753,759. Available at: ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19777759. Jones WG, Fossa SD, Mead GM, et al. Randomized trial of 30 versus 20 Gy in the adjuvant treatment of stage I

Testicular Seminoma: a report on Medical Research Council Trial TE18, European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 30942 (ISRCTN18525328). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1200-1208. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718317.

Fossa SD, Horwich A, Russell JM, et al. Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: A

Medical Research Council randomized trial. Medical Research Council Testicular Tumor Working Group. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:1146. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10561173.

Dinniwell R, Chan P, Czarnota G, et al. Pelvic lymph node topography for radiotherapy treatment planning

from ferumoxtran-10 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;74:844-851. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095369.

McMahon CJ, Rofsky NM, Pedrosa I. Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification,

characterization, and staging. Radiology 2010;254:31-46. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20032141. Martin JM, Panzarella T, Zwahlen DR, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for following stage 1 seminoma.

Cancer 2007;109:2248-2256. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17437287. Tolan S, Vesprini D, Jewett MA, et al. No role for routine chest radiography in stage I seminoma surveillance.

Eur Urol 2010;57:474-479. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19577354.


36

Livsey JE, Taylor B, Mobarek N, et al. Patterns of relapse following radiotherapy for stage I seminoma of the testis: implications for follow up. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001;13:296-300. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11554630.

Classen J, Schmidberger H, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy for stages IIA/B testicular seminoma: final report of

a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1101-1106. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637477.

Patterson H, Norman AR, Mitra SS, et al. Combination carboplatin and radiotherapy in the management of

stage II testicular seminoma: comparison with radiotherapy treatment alone. Radiother Oncol 2001;59:5-11. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295200.

Schmidberger H, Bamberg M, Meisner C, et al. Radiotherapy in stage IIA and IIB testicular seminoma with

reduced portals: a prospective multicenter study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;39:321-326. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9308934.

Detti B, Livi L, Scoccianti S, et al. Management of Stage II testicular seminoma over a period of 40 years. Urol

Oncol 2009;27:534-538. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18848787. Choo R, Sandler H, Warde P, et al. Survey of radiation oncologists: practice patterns of the management of

stage I seminoma of testis in Canada and a selected group in the United States. Can J Urol 2002;9:1479-1485. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12010592.

Gospodarwicz MK, Sturgeon JF, Jewett MA. Early stage and advanced seminoma: role of radiation therapy,

surgery, and chemotherapy. Semin Oncol 1998;25:160-173. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9562449.

Domont J, Massard C, Patrikidou A, et al. A risk-adapted strategy of radiotherapy or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in stage II seminoma. Urol Oncol 2011. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21665493

Gynecologic (GYN) Level 1


conditions Level 2


• Lists organs at risk; understands proper patient positioning and immobilization • Recognizes toxicities/symptoms seen in GYN cancer patients treated with radiotherapy


37

Level 3


objectives for normal tissues and target(s) • Is able to describe tandem and ovoid, vaginal cylinder and other brachytherapy techniques • With supervision, manages toxicities/symptoms seen in GYN cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 4


• Describes details of radiation therapy; cites evidence-based practice guidelines or institutional standards • Contours normal tissue and target(s) accurately; critically evaluates the quality of the treatment plan • Is able to independently perform brachytherapy procedures including tandem and ovoid and vaginal

cylinder treatments • Independently manages toxicities/symptoms seen in GYN cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 5



Head & Neck/Lymphoma 1. Basic Functions a. Check port films daily (mostly on Tuesday on our service) b. Prepare OTV weight check sheet c. Send out email to medical oncology team containing list of new patient starts for the following week 2. Patient Preparation d. Have all MD Clinical Treatment Plan Notes and simulations scheduled for consults likely to need sim

same day e. See consults first, OTV next (attending will see OTV first), and F/U as many as possible either as



38

primary or with attending after PA 3. Keep track of pts in dosimetry. a. Contours should be complete by Friday afternoon for sims that week unless needed sooner. 4. Learn H&N anatomy and exam a. Attending will show you one perfect exam. Expect you to follow afterward. b. Set up scoping sessions with Jim Smaldino 5. Learn literature (this is a progression during residency) a. Basics as per dictation template and NCCN guidelines b. Overview as per ppt summary c. Level of oral boards exam d. Be able to quote the literature freely and apply it to patients on the fly at time of consult PGY 2- Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 4- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone. For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf

Pediatric Radiation Oncology Level 1


conditions Level 2


• Lists normal tissue at risk; understands proper patient positioning and immobilization • Assesses the need for anesthesia / sedation based on the patients age • Recognizes toxicities/symptoms seen in pediatric patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 3

• Explains the main treatment options • Able to identify appropriate COG Protocols applicable to patient • Contours target(s) and normal tissues with minimal inaccuracies; states appropriate dose planning

objectives for normal tissues and target(s) • With supervision, manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in patients with brain tumors treated

with radiotherapy




39

Level 4


• Able to identify design a radiation plan that comply with COG Protocols requirements • Contours normal tissue and target(s) accurately; critically evaluates treatment plan options • Independently manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in patients with brain tumors treated




Thoracic/Lung Level 1


conditions Level 2


• Lists organs at risk; understands proper patient positioning and immobilization • Recognizes toxicities/symptoms seen in lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 3


objectives for normal tissues and target(s)




40

• With supervision, manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

Level 4


• Contours normal tissue and target(s) accurately; critically evaluates treatment plan options • Independently manages patients with toxicities/symptoms seen in lung cancer patients treated with

radiotherapy Level 5


management of toxicities/symptoms Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)/Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) – Patient Care Level 1

• Observes Patients undergoing SRS/SBRT Level 2

• Selects appropriate patients and understands relevant radiation safety protocols and procedures Level 3

• Plans and performs SRS/SBRT with minimal faculty member assistance Level 4

• Is able to independently plan and perform SRS/SBRT appropriately Level 5

• Conducts clinical research Brachytherapy Level 1

• Understands basic Radiation Safety Principles and Medical uses of diagnostic as well as therapeutic radioactive sources.

• Radiation Safety Training as required initially and annually thereafter by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC); the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) and RPCI’s Radiation Safety Program.

• Specific in-service for HDR (high dose rate equipment) within the Department of Radiation Medicine and in the Operating Room for Intra-operative Radiotherapy procedures (IORT).

Level 2 • Observes patient’s undergoing IORT

Level 3 • Evaluates and selects patients who potentially may benefit from IORT with minimal assistance from

faculty. Level 4

• Is able to independently plan and perform IORT appropriately with the assistance of the Medical Physicist

Level 5


41

• Conducts clinical Research PGY 2- Residents are expected to achieve a score of level 1-2 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 3- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 4- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 3-4 on the clinical rotation specific milestone. PGY 5- Residents should achieve at least a score of level 4 on every milestone. For the milestones please see: http://www.acgme-nas.org/assets/pdf/Milestones/RadiationOncologyMilestones.pdf




42

Appendix I - Resident Didactic Course Outline Clinical:

• Case Conference (Friday, Noon, weekly) – Formal case presentation with faculty mentor. One resident presents case and another resident is asked questions about it by faculty, followed by key literature review.

• Morning Seminar Conference (, Thursday, 8am, weekly)- presentation of curriculum topic by resident, mentored by attending specializing in that site/topic.

• Journal Club ( Thursday, 8am, monthly) – Literature analysis of a Clinical, a Biology, and a Physics paper. - One resident is assigned to each type of paper with a faculty mentor for each.

• Morbidity and Mortality Conference (Friday, noon, monthly), resident presentation on specific patient and area with attending mentor.

• Chart Rounds (Monday, noon, weekly) • Combined Fellows Lecture Series (Tuesday, 5-6pm, weekly) - Radiation/Surg/Med Onc Fellows

Lecture Series (Ethics, Stats, CA Biol, other), during academic year. • Medical Oncology Grand Rounds (Friday, weekly, 8:00 a.m.) • Faculty Forum (Wed 8-9am) - Institute-wide forum, national/international speakers.

Physics:

• Three quarterly courses per year (Dr. Matthew Podgorsak’s, Mr. Steve deBoer’s, Dr. Harish Malhotra’s, as well as dosimetry courses) More detailed outline of the current courses with suggested order or taking them are below. Residents are expected to pass the class exams.

• Component within Biophysics Course (see below) offered every other year • Journal Club (Monthly analysis of physics paper, see above)

RadioBiology:

• Biophysics Course (offered every other year) – to be taken at least one time during residency (and two times if sequencing works out prior to radiobiology boards). Residents are expected to pass the exam.

• Journal Cub (Monthly analysis of biology paper, see above). Other Research:

• All Residents will be required to submit a yearly paper or review article/report for the Roswell contest (along with Medical Oncology and Surgical Oncology fellows). This could be something written specifically for the Roswell report, but hopefully will be something which has been recently submitted or is being worked on for publication.

• Several of the conferences above will capture didactics of research design, methods, areas, ethics. • Dedicated research time (usually done in their 3rd years of radiation medicine residency)

Residents are to continue to have detailed discussions of their research during the 2nd year with the RPD and potential mentors, and are expected to have a formal research outline submitted to the RPD by April of 2nd year detailing the specific research project(s) that they will be conducting, mentors, and expected results (abstract, paper, training in research, etc.). They do the research during their 3rd year and this is followed by written summary of research done with deliverables (<5 pages, by project with most important project first, mentor(s), short summary of project, and abstracts/posters/talks/papers that come from work. The summary is then updated at end of 4th year.


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Appendix II: Resident Physics Course Schedule -REQUIRED-

1st Year Radiation Medicine Resident Semester 1 RPD 110 *Dr. Matt Podgorsak Sept – Dec Semester 2 RPD 200 *Steve deBoer Jan. – April Semester 3 RPD 310 *Dr. Harish Malhotra May – Aug. OPTIONAL: Semester 1 RPD 100 Lee Hales Sept. – Dec. Semester 2 RPD 023 Lee Hales (Lab class) Jan. – April Semester 3 No physics 2nd Year and 3rd Year Radiation Medicine Resident -Residents can take optional courses in these years from others offered in the department. For optional courses taken the resident will again be expected to get a grade of B or above on the course exam. -An example of the above may be RPD 110, 200, 310 over the year -Others include (for example): RPD 401 (IMRT lab), RPD 043 (Brachy lab) NOTE: * For the course taught by Dr. Podgorsak, Mr. deBoer, and Dr. Malhotra: the teachers will give an exam to the residents with questions drawn from (or heavily based on) questions in the raphex exams. Residents must pass the exam for each class taken. **There is also a Physics component to the Biophysics Course (Offered every other year) – See the Radiobiology section of Appendix I for more details. ***Also note the specific teacher may change at any time.

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RESIDENCY HANDBOOK 2013-2014 - Roswell Park … · 2017-07-28 · RESIDENCY HANDBOOK . 2013-2014 . ... or prospective trial design, implementation, and data collection. Retrospective