Reshaping the World

Section 7.4

Today’s Agenda

• 7.4 Slide Show• Homework• Read Chapter 7.4 • Make sure you have already read the rest of

Chapter 7 (I can’t cover everything on the test)

• Unit Test Tuesday• Study!!!

By the end of this lesson we will be able to:

• Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and compare the reaction of the European people to the document to Allied leaders.

• Analyze the outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles and their affect on Europe.

• Explain the League of Nations and analyze why it was ineffective.

The War to End all Wars?

1914 1916 1917 1918 1919 1939

Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated

Battle of Somme

US Enters War

Germany Surrenders: 11/11

at 11:11AM

Treaty of Versailles

Germany Invades

Poland:WWII begins

When did the First World War end?

• 11/11/1918 at 11:11 AM

• Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated throne November 10 and fled to Holland

• Newly created Weimar Republic surrender to Allies

The War to End All Wars Ends

When someone “wins” a war, what should be their goal at the negotiating

table (Peace Treaty)?•Land Gains

•Financial Gains

•Security

•Prosecution of war criminals

•Punishment of Enemy

What impact can punishment have?

The time period immediately following a war is dangerous because it can often sow

the seeds for the next war.

What was Wilson’s Fourteen Points?• Wilson’s peace plan for post-

war Europe• Hoped to end all future wars• Included:

– freedom of the seas & trade – end to secret alliances– Arms reduction – self-determination– Border realignment of

Austria-Hungary– End of colonial empire– League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles

What was the League of Nations?• International body

designed to mediate the problems of the world

• Would guarantee the security of every member

• bond between nations could end war

• Creel – 60 leaflets dropped

(Entente and Central territory)

– Why?

What was the Bolshevik Revolution?• Radical communist group that

overthrew Russian democratic government– Led by Vladimir Lenin

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Nov. 1917)– Peace treaty between Germany

& Soviet Union • Based on Karl Marx’s ideology for

gov– Predicted class war between

working class (proletariat) and the capitalists (bourgeoisie)

• Lenin revealed secret agreements between allies for post-war spoils

• Early footage of Lenin inciting the crowd

Bolshevik Revolution

How did the Allies react to the Fourteen Points?

• Masses of Europeans supported it

• British (David Lloyd George)

– rejected freedom of seas, colonies

• France (Clemenceau)

– believed that Germany should be punished

How did Wilson violate his own ideas in the Fourteen Points?

• Violated ‘self determination”– Supported the “White

Army” who were fighting the Bolsheviks

• Results– Hypocrisy & Wilson’s own

campaigning angered voters– Voted for Republican-

controlled congress in election of 1918

Americans intervene in Russia

• Big Four

– France, GB, US, Italy

• Germany, Russia excluded

• Germany had to:

– Pay reparations (war fines)• 33 billion (War Guilt Clause)

– Give Alsace/Lorraine back to France

– Disarm it large army/navy

• GB/France retained colonies

• Poland recreated

• Italy denied Austrian territory

• Japan’s provision (racial equality) dropped in exchange for their dominance in Asia

• League of Nations adopted

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?

Who were the Irreconcilables?• Congressional

leaders who totally rejected idea of joining League

• Anti-imperialists

• Some were Isolationists

• Disliked idea of defending European colonial possessions

Who were the Reservationists?• Congressmen

who supported the league but were concerned with Article X

• feared the League superseded the power of Congress to declared war

Article X

the League preserve “the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League.”

Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?• Senator who led the

opposition to the League

• resented Wilson’s aristocratic ways

– the fact that Wilson would get credit for the League when Lodge had proposed a similar body on other occasions

• Motivated by anger and genuine misgivings

What was the outcome of the League debate?

• Wilson

– refused to negotiate.

– went directly to the people for support

• 9 thousand miles campaign

– 26 stops in 27 days

– collapsed and had a stroke

• Senate

– rejected the Treaty

• United States did not act on any of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Europe 1919

                                                                         

           

Sowing the Seeds for WWII