Reshaping the World of Scholarly

Communications: EEnhanced AAcccess toto IInnformation RResources

Indian Institute of Public Administration

New Delhi

Usha Mujoo Munshi

International Conference on “2121stst CCentury Vision for entury Vision for LLibraries ibraries “ Islamabad, October 13-14, 2010

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Information Resources

Open Access to InformationDriver of innovation

Driving Force

Ensuring Universal Access for the Global Information Flow & Responding to the Demands of Scholarship in the Digital Age

Knowledge LandscapeKnowledge Landscape

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The LibraryThe LibraryOne of the oldest types of institutions

In the midst of rapid change

Changes mirror those going on in other institutions and in society as a whole

Library and Librarian part of intellectual infrastructure of previous centuries What is their role in the 21st Century? Google-generation researcher very different to ourselves – social networking,

mobile computing, collaborative working, basically anti-IPR, expects everything free & equates what’s free with everything.

Is there something special the academic/research library,librarian can still offer ?

Mediation, trust, guardianship of authenticity, more........................................ Do we have the necessary skill sets? Perhaps .....................................(How) Are we Selecting new & effective mechanisms for developing an

ongoing dialogue with researchers to validate the development of the Library’s content strategy on a regular basis?

Someways.................How far have we decided (at least) moderate shifts in collecting that can be

accommodated within existing resourcesSome where....

Questions?

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WWhat distinguishes an Academic/Research library today?hat distinguishes an Academic/Research library today?

WWhat would differentiate them would behat would differentiate them would be:Degree of connection to subscription services & “managed” access to

freely accessible content on the internet

Other services provided

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The The Library of the futureLibrary of the future

will combine …will combine …

... a managed... a managed place place ……… … with a managed with a managed

digital spacedigital space.”.”

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From

Database/Repository

to

Environment

(Managed Digital Space)

Seamless(fully integrated with

digital learningand research; beyond?)

Community(resources, people, interaction, process, activities, services)

Omnipresent(it will be wherever the users are)

Dynamic & Organic(the users will construct it as much as we will)

Trusted Information Systems(status, reputation, influence, impact)

Personal Information Systems(discovery, assistance, utility)

Smart Information(telemetry, propagation)

ScholarlyInformation Systems

PersonalInfo.

Manager

Portals

Portfolios

IdentityAnd AccessManagement

ContentManagers

ObjectLibraries

LibraryCatalogue

ScholarlyPublishing

LearningManagement

Systems

DigitalRepositories

InformationInformation LandscapeLandscape

8Signaling value to the institution in an open-ended fashionSignaling value to the institution in an open-ended fashion

Culture of OpennessCulture of Openness

Most modern libraries are “hybrid” librarieshybrid” librariesContinuing the past and integrating new methods of storage and transmission of information into an already existing structure

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Culture of OpennessCulture of OpennessExpressions of this cultureExpressions of this culture

Commitment to Generating, Disseminating, and Preserving knowledge, &Working with others to bring this

knowledge to bear on the world's great challenges.

Mission directly related to widest dissemination

Describing ChangesCreating & sustaining a trusted information

environment Developing strategies & systems that

promote discoveryfacilitate worldwide scholarly

communication

Strategies and Systems that Strategies and Systems that Promote DiscoveryPromote Discovery

Evaluating, developing, investing in value-added discovery & delivery tools, especially open source tools

Metadata Creation & Management

Buying AccessBuying AccessCreating IRsCreating IRsFacilitating AccessFacilitating Access

Provide - One Stop shop Access Provide - One Stop shop Access for Information Resourcesfor Information Resources

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Need to create the environment in which open access will become the norm for distributing research Concept of openness has been spreading its wings far & wide in many guisesPopularity (open Source) highest among academia due to underlying philosophy based on sharing (enrich giver & receiver) Need to sustain and nurture – through a sustained cycle of human resources & efforts to help it continue what it has been able to do so far

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Open Access Defined

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Budapest definition

By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the Internet itself. (Open Society Institute, 2002)See http://www.soros.org/openaccess/

Open Access Movement & initiatives Statements & Declarations  http://www.digitalscholarship.org/oab/2statements.htm

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Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences & Humanities   October 22, 2003

Bethesda Statement on Open Access   20 June 2003. Budapest Open Access Initiative     14 February 2002NEAR      OECD Final CommuniqueTempe PrinciplesWashington DC Principles for Free Access to ScienceWellcome Trust Position Statement and Research ReportsWorld Summit on the Information Society Declaration of Principles and Plan

of ActionOther

Open Access Statements:Open Access Statements:    http://www.digital-scholarship.org/oab/2statements.htm

OA Advocacy : A number of Initiatives

Statements & DeclarationsStatements & Declarations

15Openness -as a transformative valueOpenness -as a transformative value

Creative Commons

• Free legal and technical tools to facilitate access to digital content (www.creativecommons.org)

• Licences:– Attribution

(standard in all CC licences)

– Non-Commercial– No Derivative

works – Share Alike

• New! CC+ for commercial

Creative Commons

• Free legal and technical tools to facilitate access to digital content (www.creativecommons.org)

• Licences:– Attribution

(standard in all CC licences)

– Non-Commercial– No Derivative

works – Share Alike

• New! CC+ for commercial

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Contracts/Licences

Strict conditions

Contract law overrides copyright law

Shrink-wrap and click-wrap contracts

E-databases – for paid subscribers only

Complete control over works

Strict conditions

Contract law overrides copyright law

Shrink-wrap and click-wrap contracts

E-databases – for paid subscribers only

Complete control over works

Science CommonsScience Commons

• Focus areas – licensing, publishing & data

• Science Commons (www.sciencecommons.org) plans - – to evaluate & draft open,

voluntary & interoperable legal solutions for databases – ‘some rights reserved’

– to provide standard contracts and technologies for institutional-sharing and archiving

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Second Pillar Second Pillar Open LicensingOpen LicensingOpen LicensingOpen Licensing

Main purpose to have a colossal body of work in “the commons” that is available to the public for -

Free & legal sharing Use Repurposing, and Remixing

CC licenses provide A flexible range of protections & freedoms for authors, artists, & educators Provides free, easy-to-use legal tools The tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies & institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. Enable people to easily change their copyright terms from the default of

“all rights reserved” to “some rights reserved.”

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flickr cc

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As rightly said by — Evan Prodromou, Founder, Identi.ca

“Within a generation we can open the world’s knowledge to all of its inhabitants and reduce or eliminate the misery caused by lack of access to information, and Creative Commons is a crucial part of the cultural compact that makes that revolution possible"

For authors?

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Why Open Access Why Open Access

Most research articles accessible by only a few

Online managed, permanent database of scholarly output

Open Access (OA) maximizes:-

research visibility, usage and uptakeresearch applications, impact and citationresearch productivity, progress and fundingresearch manageability and assessability

By maximising research accessibility!

There is an ethical argument that research funded by the public should be available to the public.

To maximise, measure & reward the uptake, usage, applications and impact of an institution’s research output

To collect, manage & showcase a permanent record of the institution’s research output.

For Institutions?

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Open Access ‘Routes’

GOLDGOLD = authors publish in OA journals that make their articles freely accessible online immediately upon publication. OA journals are peer-reviewed. Depending on the model, authors may have to pay publishers a fee to publish.

GREEN GREEN = authors publish in a subscription journal, but also make their articles freely accessible online, usually by depositing them in either an institutional repository or central repository (either peer-reviewed postprints or non-peer-reviewed preprints).

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Several OA resources available While these are getting populated regularly, new resources crop up for access by all

Resources: Typical Examples

Directories Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org/; OpenDOAR—the Directory of Open Access Repositories http://www.opendoar.org/ ; ROAR--Registry of Open Access Repositories

Research Resources HighWire PressStanford UniversityFree Medical Journals http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/

Several open access Forums, Blogs, and News are out there. Examples include :American Scientist Open Access Forum: http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/ - a

complete Hyper-mail archive of the ongoing discussion of providing open access to the peer- reviewed research literature online ;

Budapest Open Access Initiative Forum http://www.soros.org/openaccess/forum.shtml; OA Librarian http://oalibrarian.blogspot.com/; Open Access News http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/fosblog.html; SPARC Open Access Forum http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html#forum and SPARC Open

Access Newsletter http://www.arl.org/sparc/soa/index.html

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International/National Initiatives: Open Access to Research

SHERPA http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ SHERPA is investigating issues in the future of scholarly communication. It is developing open-access institutional repositories in universities to facilitate the rapid and efficient worldwide dissemination of research.

ROAR tracks the growth of existing OA Archives.

OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories (http://www.opendoar.org/)

ROARMAP tracks the growth of institutional self-archiving policies.

ROMEO tracks journal/publisher "green" policies on author self-archiving . RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/)

JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines(http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php )

SHERPA http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/ SHERPA is investigating issues in the future of scholarly communication. It is developing open-access institutional repositories in universities to facilitate the rapid and efficient worldwide dissemination of research.

ROAR tracks the growth of existing OA Archives.

OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories (http://www.opendoar.org/)

ROARMAP tracks the growth of institutional self-archiving policies.

ROMEO tracks journal/publisher "green" policies on author self-archiving . RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies (http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/)

JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines(http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php )

Statistical AnalysisFor an indication of how UK research funders have implemented Open Access policies and level of funds affected, please see: Selected research funders' grant expenditure available at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/financialstats.html.)

Let us take a look at some statistics associated with some of these

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ROAR Registry of Open Access Repositories resulted in 1737 repositories

Open Access to Research

India: Vidyanidhi (~55000 records)IISc, Bangalore, (~23000records)(IIAstrophysics (~4211)RRI (~3546)Many not listed ROAR/Open DOAR – NISCAIR (6 Feb, 2009)

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Open Access to Research

OpenDOAR

1737 repositories~996 Organizations~100 countries8 Continents

IndiaIndia

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Open Access to Research

http://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/

28Support Systems

OrganizationalProgrammes

Institutional Repositories : IR ; OSS ; multivariate content streams

Open Access JournalsMetadata Harvesting ServicesOpen CoursewareDigital Library Initiatives

Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination

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Major OA Initiatives in India

Institutional RepositoriesOpen Access JournalsMetadata Harvesting Services

Open CoursewareDigital Library Initiatives: Digital Archiving

and Information Dissemination

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Institutional Repositories

OA - making its impact at the level of repositories in IndiaSurvey Shows -~100 repositoriesRegistered - 43 (Institutions set up their own OAI compliant institutional

repositories using OSS)

Essentially e-prints/pre-printsIndian Institute of Science (IIsc) - first to set up EPrints archiveA few institutions like IISc, ISI, INSA, etc facilitate complete suite of

open access resources like IRs , harvesting from other OA compliant distributed digital repositories

Mandating OA for faculty & student research publications. on cards now

Typical

Examples

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Typical

Examples

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333333

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National Level Open Access Repositories

Subject-based central repositories - for medicine (NIC), library and information science, and catalysis Subject-based central repositories - for medicine (NIC), library and information science, and catalysis

Catalysis DatabaseCatalysis Database

Principal Implementing Agency : National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai

Supporting Agency : Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India

Web Address : http://www.eprints.iitm.ac.in

Librarians’ Digital Library (LDL)Librarians’ Digital Library (LDL)

Principal Implementing Agency : Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore

Supporting Agency : Indian Statistical Institute, Government of India

Web Address : https://drtc.isibang.ac.in

OpenMed&NICOpenMed&NIC

Principal Implementing Agency : Bibliographic Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre (NIC), New Delhi

Supporting Agency : National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India

Web Address : http://openmed.nic.in/

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[1084]

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Directory of Open Access Journals : http://www.doaj.org/

Service covers free, full text, quality controlled scientific and scholarly journals (more or less) cover all subjects and languages.

Aim to increase the visibility and ease of use of open access scientific and scholarly journals thereby promoting their increased usage and impact

5468 journalsjournals 2296 journals searchable at article level. 450157articles included in the DOAJ service

Open Access Journal:

We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory

Open Access to Research : OA Journals

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http://www.doaj.org/doaj?func=byCountry

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Open Access Journals

Many leading journals published in India are already open access

Academies showed the way & set the ball rollingSeveral organisations followed~350 OA journals. Most of these hybrid – print + online

While print is against subscription No Indian journal charges a fee from the authors for publishing

papers, NIC, GOI & some private publishers publish OA jls on behalf of

about 75 societiesLatest in the systemNISCAIR – 17 jls made OA ( Other language jls, abstr. jls )Not yet listed in DOAJ

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decomposition

decomposition

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110 video courses and 129 web based courses. - 6 Subject AreasAll of the youtube videos can be found over the NPTEL-HRD Channel.MPTEL-HRD channel : http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=nptelhrd

IIT – Coming virtually Home : 400 courses across 5 subjects

Open Courseware

NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) programme, jointly mounted by the IITs and IISc, a world-class open courseware programme.

Funded by MHRD, GOI

India - making headway at the level of open access courses too

OCW refers to programmes for study, which offer access to everyone, regardless of whether they are formally students or not in an institution

An interesting way of building skills and spreading knowledge

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nptel youtube

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Digital Library Initiatives: Digital Archiving and Information Dissemination

Digital Library of India

Principal Implementing Agency : Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore

Supporting Agency (Indian) : Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India

Supporting Agency (Overseas) : National Science Foundation, USA

Web Address : http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/

http://www.dli.cdacnoida.in/

http://www.dli.iiit.ac.in/

Three broad Categories

Digital LibrariesData CentresAccess Facilitators

Several Digital Library Initiatives taken up at national level. Examples Include:

Digital Library of India

National Mission for Manuscripts

Several Digital Library Initiatives taken up at national level. Examples Include:

Digital Library of India

National Mission for Manuscripts

Typical

ExamplesDigital LibrariesDigital Libraries

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National Collection of Industrial micro-organism (NCIM) (http://www.ncl-india.org/ncim/)

A national facility dedicated to isolation, preservation and distribution of authentic cultures – 3700 cultures

Indian Biodiversity informatics (http://www.ncbi.org.in)

NCL Centre for Biodiversity Informatics (NCBI) is an effort to

collect, collate, analyze, predict and disseminate knowledge about Indian biota and its environ

Important Data Centres,Products & ServicesImportant Data Centres,Products & Services

Typical

Examples

URDIP: CSIR Unit for Research and Development for Information Products (http://www.urdip.res.in/)

Open access to Indian patents and medicinal plants, pollution technologies, CSIR rural technologies, ETD and research reports

Gateway services for open access resources

SciGate: Science Information Portal (IISc) (http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/ )

Learning Resources : IGNOU, CEC

National Information Facilitators

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Cross Archives Search Service for Indian Repositories (CASSIR) National Centre For Science Information (NCSI), Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore http://ardb4.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/oai/

Har vesters for Open Repositories with Unlimited Search (HORUS) Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata http://ir.isical.ac.in/

Search Digital Libraries (SDL) : Documentation Research & Training Centre (DRTC), Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore, Government of India https://drtc.isibang.ac.in/sdl/

OKHARI @iipa

Knowledge Harvester@INSA …

Typical

ExamplesMetadata Harvesting Services

Open Archives Initiative – Protocol for Metadata Harvesting Harvester: a client application that issues OAI-PMH requests A harvester is operated by a service provider as a means of collecting metadata from repositories.  

OAI HarvesterOAI Harvester  

5454

Knowledge Knowledge Harvester @ IIPAHarvester @ IIPA

OKHARI is a suit of information services based on OAI-PMH (Open Access Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) OKHARI collects metadata from various digital repositories dealing with subjects in Social Sciences with a strong flavour in Public Administration and provides a single stop search engine for full-text resources in the respective subjects.

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HORUS is a suit of information services based on OAI-PMH (Open Access Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) HORUS collects metadata from various digital repositories dealing with subjects like Computer Sciences, Biological Sciences,, Social Sciences, etc. and provides a single stop search engine for full-text resources in the respective subjects.

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Accessing Multifaceted Digital Accessing Multifaceted Digital ResourcesResources

The end user is forced to learn and The end user is forced to learn and interact with as many interfaces as interact with as many interfaces as products available and this leads to products available and this leads to stress and confusion. It results in very stress and confusion. It results in very low usage of the subscribed resources. low usage of the subscribed resources.

LimitationsLimitationsOffer links only to content from Offer links only to content from

publishers with which these publishers with which these companies have agreements, or companies have agreements, or that a library accesses within a that a library accesses within a specific servicespecific service

Some SolutionsSome SolutionsLinking and Serial Management Service Linking and Serial Management Service

by other publishers by other publishers

Examples: PubMed's LinkOut, Silverplatter Examples: PubMed's LinkOut, Silverplatter Silverlinker, ISI Web of Science, OCLC Electronic Silverlinker, ISI Web of Science, OCLC Electronic Collections Online, Cambridge Scientific, EBSCOCollections Online, Cambridge Scientific, EBSCO

OthersOthers

Cross-Ref Cross-Ref -- A publishing industry initiative to enable article linkages across participating -- A publishing industry initiative to enable article linkages across participating

publisherspublishers

Federated searching Federated searching -- Multiple vendor implementations, e.g., Ex Libris SFX and Endeavor Encompass-- Multiple vendor implementations, e.g., Ex Libris SFX and Endeavor Encompass Metadata harvesting Metadata harvesting -- being developed through the Open Archives Initiative -- being developed through the Open Archives Initiative

Serials Management Serials Management -- TDNet and SerialsSolutions: fulltext list generation, URL generation to load -- TDNet and SerialsSolutions: fulltext list generation, URL generation to load

MARC-like catalog records into local catalog MARC-like catalog records into local catalog

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OpenURL for accessing Resources

CUFTS (knowledge base)

GODOT (Link Resolver)

dbWiz (Federated Search Engine)

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By maximising research accessibility!research visibility, usage and uptake research visibility, usage and uptakeresearch applications, impact and citationresearch productivity, progress and fundingresearch manageability and assessability

Educate funding agencies & senior research administration on the value mechanism & best practices for building knowledge resources and facilitating access

The country’s investment – intellectual, effort and cash – can hope to gain a good return this way

Not an exhaustive account

SupportSupport and promote access to scholarly information by

creating Indigenous digital databasesE-journalsInstitutional RepositoriesDigital Libraries

Protect Protect ‘fair dealing’ in digital environment

Provide legal Provide legal ‘keys’ to ‘unlock’ digital content

Provide accessaccess to public-funded research via Open Access

PartnersPartners in facilitating worldwide scholarly communication in a trusted information environment.

Express Express interest in collaborating with others in taking OA archiving forward in your country .

Libraries

Librarians as Change ManagersLibrarians as Change ManagersThe cycle of change is never-ending

so librarians need to accustom themselves to itso librarians need to accustom themselves to it

Librarians need to handle change effectively

to survive and thrive in today’s environmentto survive and thrive in today’s environment

User-User-Friendly Friendly places places

From Form To Function From Form To Function

The future for libraries can be an exciting & challenging one The future for libraries can be an exciting & challenging one

for those libraries that are both for those libraries that are both ableable and and openopen to to changechange

“To remain what it is, the library must change . . .

. . . if it does not change, it will not remain what it is.”

David Penniman, University at Buffalo

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