RESERVOIR

Ismanu YudiantoroRESERVOIRCross Section Of A Petroleum System(Foreland Basin Example)Overburden RockSeal RockReservoir RockSource RockUnderburden RockBasement RockTop Oil WindowTop Gas WindowGeographic Extent of Petroleum SystemPetroleum Reservoir (O)Fold-and-Thrust Belt(arrows indicate relative fault motion)EssentialElements ofPetroleumSystem(modified from Magoon and Dow, 1994)OOSedimentaryBasin FillOStratigraphic Extent ofPetroleumSystemPod of ActiveSource RockExtent of Prospect/FieldExtent of Play2Fractured Reservoir

Carbonate Reservoir

Ratio of the volume of space to the total volume of a rock.

Porosity

Effective PorosityTotal Porosity

Primary PorositySecondary PorosityPorosity

Porosity is expressed as a percentage of the total rock which is taken up by pore space.

Porosity

Range of Porosity

Range of Porosity

CARBONATES POROSITY TYPES

Interparticle porosity Each grain is separated, giving a similar pore space arrangement as sandstone.

Intergranular porosity Pore space is created inside the individual grains which are interconnected.

Intercrystalline porosity Produced by spaces between carbonate crystals.

Mouldic porosity Pores created by the dissolution of shells, etc.

CARBONATES POROSITY TYPES Fractured porosity Pore spacing created by the cracking of the rock fabric.

Channel porosity Similar to fracture porosity but larger.

Vuggy porosity Created by the dissolution of fragments, but unconnected.

In formations with large grains, the permeability is high and the flow rate larger .The permeability in the horizontal direction is controlled by the large grains.

In a rock with small grains the permeability is less and the flowlower.The permeability in the vertical direction is controlled by the small grains