DataData SourceWorld Development IndicatorsLast Updated Date7/28/15Country NameCountry CodeIndicator NameIndicator Code1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014ArubaABWResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6AndorraANDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6AfghanistanAFGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6AngolaAGOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P656.9857292175AlbaniaALBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6147.9436187744Arab WorldARBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6United Arab EmiratesAREResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6ArgentinaARGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6694.9694213867703.9452514648712.154296875715.9296264648688.3200073242693.1889648438720.7454223633769.3014526367824.5736083984898.716796875983.46466064451046.54992675781092.27941894531178.4746093751235.9796142578ArmeniaARMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6American SamoaASMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P685.1368103027405.9745788574151.867980957101.4936523438Antigua and BarbudaATGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6AustraliaAUSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63328.46044921883344.82568359383426.97485351563711.61010742194015.70727539064179.17871093754280.3598632812AustriaAUTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62336.70629882812981.30053710943167.91186523443455.63403320313527.52368164063811.07397460944136.62988281254140.57519531254312.41699218754401.07714843754564.9384765625AzerbaijanAZEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BurundiBDIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BelgiumBELResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62466.90136718752573.28906252699.04052734382902.77832031252974.14404296883129.52172851562966.26196289062977.1074218753103.19433593753154.33544921883294.27807617193401.22143554693413.71215820313519.04418945313731.96191406253878.18627929693982.9838867188BeninBENResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Burkina FasoBFAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P647.7755088806BangladeshBGDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BulgariaBGRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61782.68603515621461.02636718751472.31286621091311.68725585941184.79943847661161.56665039061171.84606933591228.25744628911268.88818359381308.42834472661355.92297363281481.26293945311517.01586914061607.26342773441485.82214355471623.04675292971551.9733886719BahrainBHRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Bahamas, TheBHSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Bosnia and HerzegovinaBIHResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P659.481811523461.428100585965.1608810425173.1860198975192.6168365479BelarusBLRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BelizeBLZResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BermudaBMUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BoliviaBOLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P672.390739440972.094520568870.627532959121.1203079224117.6024932861142.2938232422162.0596313477BrazilBRAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6423.3405456543440.3446350098458.3938598633495.2767028809544.7412719727587.7758178711597.0096435547611.9570922852628.522644043667.2250976562710.2755737305BarbadosBRBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Brunei DarussalamBRNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6285.7909851074277.1109313965282.4302978516BhutanBTNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6BotswanaBWAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Central African RepublicCAFResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CanadaCANResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63058.50317382813119.88330078123158.99877929693243.32885742193514.95288085943695.44604492193706.71728515623900.71655273444085.34423828124238.3535156254313.27050781254587.73095703124710.83251953124450.61767578124578.88134765624562.82421875Central Europe and the BalticsCEBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61406.38268636581394.90476724341404.66306673061379.90720762791372.56925286841387.56620581211408.90158811151420.42646154611489.28598255491606.5227235751612.84606009161675.47946759061738.89998320041753.95626549981823.40501521941839.2667663711908.7875227569SwitzerlandCHEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63131.18261718753643.11010742193458.32446289063285.1818847656Channel IslandsCHIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6ChileCHLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6333.011932373354.0499572754285.9626464844317.1871032715ChinaCHNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6439.1387634277468.3291931152383.7269592285417.2312316895542.8354492188576.6996459961625.732421875661.7294921875706.8389892578848.6706542969922.79132080081066.72753906251185.9547119141852.7756347656890.4410400391963.2031251019.5721435547Cote d'IvoireCIVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P672.9562225342CameroonCMRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Congo, Rep.COGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P650.758300781249.507820129440.606380462636.21350860632.5474586487ColombiaCOLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P671.650848388775.6173400879100.5305480957112.3297119141127.9296569824139.2724304199155.5320129395165.8623809814176.259765625184.4824981689181.2013702393163.73777771154.166885376184.2687530518ComorosCOMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Cabo VerdeCPVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P699.8198776245130.679092407250.9625816345Costa RicaCRIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6131.3787841797108.0931930542121.9407730103257.0205688477973.39434814451199.86682128911289.0275878906Caribbean small statesCSSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CubaCUBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CuracaoCUWResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Cayman IslandsCYMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CyprusCYPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6259.9004516602300.3811035156321.2171936035346.3406982422443.9332580566490.912109375573.9205932617660.4776611328713.5266723633751.5791015625748.313293457800.5112915039819.9803466797819.5157470703792.7411499023Czech RepublicCZEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61255.15319824221220.0292968751221.0488281251317.90393066411351.36218261721464.79943847661466.01696777341549.31774902341596.77612304692362.410156252556.45263671882696.69360351562860.70776367192742.52514648442769.44360351562891.47900390623111.4943847656GermanyDEUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62760.42626953122824.18286132812846.82592773443050.52465820313087.85058593753163.12573242193176.33374023443209.77294921883222.64428710943246.19580078123341.54516601563479.98559570313627.597656253813.59912109383950.41381835944084.88525390624138.8828125DjiboutiDJIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6DominicaDMAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6DenmarkDNKResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63178.10864257813318.56201171883561.48510742193632.89404296884758.2285156254622.45410156254847.02392578125201.29443359385301.72558593755518.74707031256495.81591796886659.33300781256743.89794921886805.82714843756730.388671875Dominican RepublicDOMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6AlgeriaDZAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6164.6893768311East Asia & Pacific (developing only)EAPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6417.9121357784434.4362898468366.2029714738391.7011841882492.8516889739497.8628832699563.7233195551610.6154254432702.8341269977779.1837648078911.8740969034973.74845975531174.0942648022726.6133628307902.2094378582977.43688436471019.5721435547East Asia & Pacific (all income levels)EASResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6895.5047117373879.6631148935868.5711437089858.3021762851936.7569111254912.85707961021022.04425361091066.8076410261218.75369131561248.68508279861449.95261406291446.86289105061681.04421415571175.49804128981422.97797601481503.4936327598Europe & Central Asia (developing only)ECAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6956.4145541043Europe & Central Asia (all income levels)ECSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62277.53775233872259.47373976572207.11426432182302.87433151922352.08931355952428.77160608382441.05031237782507.93211979592589.20965765112639.39193114722628.42941618732666.11137368762741.7849689352774.96079908272840.28235219122740.7398523934EcuadorECUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P685.05555725178.987808227584.202110290540.216358184842.210151672448.569988250770.239227294964.7584991455102.772102356Egypt, Arab Rep.EGYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6665.0044555664462.6813049316457.9353942871455.7499694824523.5811767578Euro areaEMUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62122.94935385052136.82429758892230.90318051492290.24328176962442.16808213172468.43625662912562.36143463252571.5015098242709.61914838212741.06453144542859.34985508262971.03704128553147.42894077323235.1016271453343.62834622653378.79307025993276.8469544088EritreaERIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SpainESPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61306.71069335941360.55200195311516.96667480471541.33117675781903.28491210941964.84619140622015.09973144532202.08959960942364.63793945312528.84716796882629.48364257812745.47534179692895.14843752924.39184570312915.70068359382799.9003906252719.0727539062EstoniaESTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62149.35644531252182.09204101561951.51660156251976.33850097662269.83666992192252.4121093752529.4160156252513.74975585942663.59741210942810.06253042.45141601563310.910156253139.69677734383484.74853515623540.5004882812EthiopiaETHResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P621.111440658620.076900482242.4936904907European UnionEUUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62024.31009205272078.34068633342103.36736573242218.9726429312261.20632508362379.6560764682444.26705749432545.18887521642673.32603875922771.72052561732857.92186754192920.47278706153063.08688677363124.77381680043211.17625061673225.2142054693157.2585080171Fragile and conflict affected situationsFCSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6FinlandFINResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P65151.5781255905.22949218756326.6972656256731.79199218757109.99511718757428.47607421888003.5097656257842.55224609387544.64794921887671.28222656257369.160156257686.47363281257643.95556640627717.47558593757422.89599609387482.3432617188FijiFJIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6FranceFRAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62659.51635742192648.86743164062655.84619140622723.91357421882905.94506835942976.00463867193104.52978515623185.15502929693317.52099609383295.74218753405.13012695313566.113281253639.79248046883726.70239257813851.49291992193917.5532226562Faeroe IslandsFROResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61780.2434082031Micronesia, Fed. Sts.FSMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6GabonGABResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6United KingdomGBRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62488.20166015622496.13720703122693.49731445312853.035156252893.13330078123077.597656253334.28442382813629.77050781253817.16186523444123.29541015624190.12207031254143.8300781254107.58740234384151.066406254134.042968754026.42871093754024.2045898438GeorgiaGEOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6GhanaGHAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P617.415689468438.766998291GuineaGINResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Gambia, TheGMBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P698.226600647109.928436279333.7758789062Guinea-BissauGNBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Equatorial GuineaGNQResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6GreeceGRCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61012.07055664061347.09545898441304.94873046881416.93664550781774.44445800781801.11962890621898.81811523442219.19995117192168.3400878906GrenadaGRDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6GreenlandGRLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6536.059753418539.4983520508646.9012451172701.4644775391GuatemalaGTMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P630.601980209425.008899688735.065509796139.565349578939.602581024225.311029434225.1588096619GuamGUMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6285.1295471191316.0675964355303.0283813477GuyanaGUYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6High incomeHICResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62976.17261038482908.9408049672884.5681711832945.15376962593011.74928312873094.41064578353112.06235691723244.71754686153288.79447366943338.54579199973431.07543959913427.02649368123505.87348912823540.93948977933554.40457427513680.4829854025Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHKGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61034.48010253911176.65808105471130.60131835941327.33630371091539.18957519531954.2089843752116.13891601562613.42919921882651.84082031252819.56884765622647.86962890622751.98974609382925.3081054688HondurasHNDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)HPCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CroatiaHRVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61039.76464843751224.13269042971513.22814941411496.81042480471936.69458007811328.61218261721622.83569335941304.89550781251319.5996093751402.72998046881535.964843751593.35900878911637.61083984381583.5527343751552.6688232422HaitiHTIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6HungaryHUNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61007.07543945311081.73352050781140.82189941411226.84729003911409.02197265621438.38891601561471.68859863281496.71032714841473.03698730471572.70764160161741.28906251728.59252929691841.91650390622000.18029785162131.08154296882302.76879882812389.3879394531IndonesiaIDNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6215.2976074219201.547042846789.8954925537Isle of ManIMNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6IndiaINDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6153.4464111328116.6245574951111.2350082397137.3622741699159.9328613281Not classifiedINXResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6IrelandIRLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61764.59997558591920.39123535162082.64086914062100.0410156252238.84863281252314.89208984382382.1894531252503.08422851562694.70532226562786.67504882812880.19409179692958.76708984383332.52368164063217.152343753173.09594726563354.52661132813513.1962890625Iran, Islamic Rep.IRNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6712.1503295898746.8667602539IraqIRQResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6366.623840332377.5761108398399.4271240234414.987487793425.8879089355IcelandISLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P64915.35839843755132.27246093755666.79589843756545.8925781256612.05468757261.79052734387980.76464843757241.34863281257458.67724609387983.00830078127012.2216796875IsraelISRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P66602.3388671875ItalyITAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61342.54675292971154.81311035161149.58044433591144.62573242191160.10778808591166.11413574221238.96008300781215.39147949221235.89709472661405.93640136721496.82104492191563.40771484381599.46862792971691.12707519531709.23889160161747.94165039061820.220703125JamaicaJAMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6JordanJORResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61962.9598388672JapanJPNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P64947.03662109385001.58691406255211.63378906255251.05566406255151.1255183.77880859384934.96630859385156.105468755156.83544921885360.19580078125387.0175781255377.73779296885157.70458984385147.35156255151.2949218755157.5170898438KazakhstanKAZResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6651.8201904297KenyaKENResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P655.7687797546227.4549865723Kyrgyz RepublicKGZResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6CambodiaKHMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P617.542219162KiribatiKIRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6St. Kitts and NevisKNAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Korea, Rep.KORResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62212.52441406252270.207031252034.35412597662190.76074218752357.03735351562951.468753058.95214843753246.36791992193337.93408203123823.105468754228.87939453124665.04443359384933.08740234385067.51660156255450.9082031255928.2846679688KosovoResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6KuwaitKWTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6203.5453643799191.6144866943179.2779846191169.9689025879169.6452178955168.9261779785169.1589355469169.8182373047167.2245178223162.1546630859184.7415924072149.1365814209141.0475769043136.0485076904131.5324249268Latin America & Caribbean (developing only)LACResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6306.2214340594306.5913404174337.973019006366.8790310922423.2762449872442.6985488638421.6360547305433.3291185932432.059637021480.5763772252506.8459792345Lao PDRLAOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P615.6891202927LebanonLBNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6LiberiaLBRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6LibyaLBYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6St. LuciaLCAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Latin America & Caribbean (all income levels)LCNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6329.1520617072326.744335703353.7238433892382.103409434435.0902203713457.0027399364446.8521080616460.3070601294464.5031445266508.4063257147538.132068552Least developed countries: UN classificationLDCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Low incomeLICResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6LiechtensteinLIEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Sri LankaLKAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6187.7198638916134.6145629883135.730941772591.0239410496.4190597534103.0889129639Lower middle incomeLMCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Low & middle incomeLMYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6LesothoLSOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P66.364399917.899909973110.460129737923.01654052735.8634700775LithuaniaLTUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62088.73413085942176.78149414062370.44409179692418.34155273442222.98706054692332.72558593751848.93457031251955.35766601562206.84912109382323.54931640622463.86108398442654.15869140622682.84082031252736.96777343752802.38574218752756.26000976562649.9353027344LuxembourgLUXResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63773.35131835944360.21777343754497.417968754864.07031254406.17822265624620.25537109384694.34228515624810.9277343755190.15136718755813.90869140626193.8657226562LatviaLVAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61154.86071777341072.03234863281058.95263671881096.67028808591608.27770996091491.06152343751489.25817871091400.04724121091472.32934570311473.36169433591790.78613281251918.18127441412043.71972656251714.21508789061863.65209960941903.65026855471894.751953125Macao SAR, ChinaMACResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6260.9112548828236.4066162109325.929473877532.9937133789635.4814453125572.3122558594396.791595459394.4609985352487.2348937988502.5008239746475.856628418St. Martin (French part)MAFResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MoroccoMARResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6657.0796508789650.9910888672668.8062744141735.7225952148864.4572143555MonacoMCOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MoldovaMDAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6702.4263305664711.8668823242685.6774902344674.7335205078705.7597045898806.5425415039793.8229980469758.1813354492780.9924316406MadagascarMDGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P614.401379585314.872750282315.243120193550.628959655847.084049224947.201328277647.738700866748.058010101347.752788543748.37121963546.670848846445.375381469752.135879516651.0172691345MaldivesMDVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Middle East & North Africa (all income levels)MEAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MexicoMEXResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6204.6675567627216.402053833206.9153137207213.8358917236213.9908447266222.0461120605291.7066345215310.5603027344363.1690979004396.6520080566323.4486999512334.0972595215327.3857727051369.1083374023382.1027526855386.4316711426Marshall IslandsMHLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Middle incomeMICResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6340.1174851382474.8230868195555.8019901913Macedonia, FYRMKDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6614.5543823242683.0203857422666.5070800781645.6708984375600.4557495117561.1149902344537.2763061523512.5308837891532.5246582031507.211517334495.0825500488461.2227478027425.1251220703MaliMLIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P641.62088012731.6388702393MaltaMLTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6662.6178588867670.24456787111055.25573730471154.92089843751250.64807128911175.23413085941285.65856933591168.20214843751410.28112792971780.20251464841853.8259277344MyanmarMMRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P67.0503301627.100409984610.641489982611.739629745516.9910202026Middle East & North Africa (developing only)MNAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6630.7770697029MontenegroMNEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6762.9172363281MongoliaMNGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Northern Mariana IslandsMNPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MozambiqueMOZResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P615.611020088219.496959686311.668149948138.0660896301MauritaniaMRTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MauritiusMUSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6MalawiMWIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P629.583429336548.7621498108MalaysiaMYSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P689.0882034302152.8065948486274.2439880371293.1539306641499.4857177734368.2251586914598.6492309571065.41333007811458.96203613281642.6910400391North AmericaNACResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63097.92724086923195.49975789873346.71689898063406.59158795813460.68850495463540.99133297853617.54206740913850.8419012483773.94014287563746.55685233953810.36506333053815.7125096833965.39201864464082.41869951743911.01607671224036.6930723254NamibiaNAMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6New CaledoniaNCLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6NigerNERResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P69.56439971928.80066013348.16057014478.34060955057.6609201431NigeriaNGAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P638.5664901733NicaraguaNICResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P670.1136169434NetherlandsNLDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62290.394531252438.77221679692491.12524414062650.32910156252660.42651367192858.83300781252734.94531252715.08935546882983.84277343752935.42456054693245.64038085943105.1191406253073.58251953122835.40844726563232.15258789063506.93261718753505.9553222656High income: nonOECDNOCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62960.77745833552399.59269176722398.31591587412459.88165430012483.0307013762399.62790820092420.4201764962404.85146266962377.98642560342398.53040231882445.79603341732347.99138561232300.66016696342349.43035339452341.4921635203NorwayNORResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63963.32788085944096.07763671884360.17871093754505.86425781254503.11718754584.4550781254836.07910156255157.84521484385353.3496093755433.21240234385407.81884765625507.55566406255588.4458007812NepalNPLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P662.2332687378New ZealandNZLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62202.55102539062296.871093752643.71215820313074.83325195313141.17871093753449.30712890623724.316406253692.8601074219High income: OECDOECResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62853.19053253142897.90474840283006.77561959723083.54035805413151.88163009443246.02841419613291.15914638563447.84367226143501.17047414693571.01718431013675.74790821963659.00659549333779.45584832243845.73132306843847.24481277213998.3614363614OECD membersOEDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62467.31400736312506.05097189552591.84044904982657.35887555272711.52944247762791.06677829792833.4229626112972.82890577753029.25612603693087.80807990323176.00787600543165.67031253143271.92051154583321.65227698393323.69345428853456.044503909OmanOMNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6159.8896331787Other small statesOSSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6PakistanPAKResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P674.679550170980.3246612549160.6677856445162.2749786377148.8536224365PanamaPANResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6111.1022262573113.7372894287157.17158508396.20250701993.622779846288.563468933193.441772460993.803848266692.028213501102.200607299887.5015869141136.3492889404106.6560134888108.9648208618111.4697494507PeruPERResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6PhilippinesPHLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P670.940292358480.353088378978.2779998779PalauPLWResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Papua New GuineaPNGResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6PolandPOLResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61363.66113281251445.66174316411461.89868164061469.98388671881438.64233398441465.44104003911481.82312011721531.87841796881594.33032226561627.01281738281559.73303222661607.66406251618.37207031251599.87573242191688.82739257811678.66699218751753.4461669922Puerto RicoPRIResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6674.4089355469Korea, Dem. Rep.PRKResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6PortugalPRTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61244.57397460941339.82507324221437.69653320311534.70556640621624.10229492191712.46276855471826.10961914061939.06884765621974.03027343752009.92443847662339.54345703122669.20727539063822.93334960944166.4824218754367.9707031254723.81152343754780.7666015625ParaguayPRYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P688.0669097981.667510986380.670852661185.460350036671.000671386774.727333068848.226890564Pacific island small statesPSSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6French PolynesiaPYFResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6QatarQATResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6RomaniaROUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61326.63842773441251.50683593751216.75415039061043.9432373047914.5826416016884.173828125911.7482299805944.3016357422959.33044433591038.2004394531862.0279541016854.290222168882.9516601562879.4197998047904.7879638672737.3126220703828.1412963867Russian FederationRUSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63788.16552734383595.82177734383334.07006835943374.82299804693450.60009765623460.19799804693380.57495117193364.7031253309.37792968753227.73168945313231.0957031253265.35498046883140.46704101563077.902343753078.10498046883120.36230468753096.1101074219RwandaRWAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P610.153610229511.7002696991South AsiaSASResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6154.0802471785116.6245574951111.6557841061130.350985157158.9754940733Saudi ArabiaSAUResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SudanSDNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SenegalSENResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6259.9515991211275.263092041369.8813171387361.2969970703SingaporeSGPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62551.19970703122656.36059570313050.72607421883295.75097656254245.02490234384160.88427734384380.84716796884706.21630859384881.6464843755291.761718755425.17089843755769.4472656255741.97998046886149.94384765626306.51025390626494.08935546886437.7333984375Solomon IslandsSLBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Sierra LeoneSLEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6El SalvadorSLVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6San MarinoSMRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SomaliaSOMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SerbiaSRBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6896.40985107421022.25421142581076.48266601561138.67797851561221.15197753911235.4812011719Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)SSAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6South SudanSSDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)SSFResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Small statesSSTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Sao Tome and PrincipeSTPResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SurinameSURResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Slovak RepublicSVKResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61863.24389648441857.74536132811884.43029785161708.75305175781847.62097167971778.80529785161703.99926757811786.93371582031989.07348632812025.52575683592181.77441406252285.39477539062324.33813476562449.74975585942794.32714843752817.13012695312804.1831054688SloveniaSVNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P62256.10888671882022.33520507812154.55908203122225.54248046882179.39282226562260.60595703122332.55786132811895.68176269532020.47753906252626.04174804692915.32861328123093.82055664063459.82958984383642.41528320313749.81982421884255.191406254397.603515625SwedenSWEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P64162.722656254503.90380859385174.738281255388.87548828125431.74121093756100.66503906256131.02099609385001.7714843755438.26611328125065.36035156255255.85595703125142.25634765625181.1982421875SwazilandSWZResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Sint Maarten (Dutch part)SXMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6SeychellesSYCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6149.2640075684Syrian Arab RepublicSYRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Turks and Caicos IslandsTCAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6ChadTCDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6TogoTGOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P627.001560211225.380470275933.572708129923.919050216737.019229888934.9348983765ThailandTHAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6101.373130798373.230758667169.0598602295280.8032531738280.8880004883312.7846374512323.7438659668331.9385070801TajikistanTJKResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6TurkmenistanTKMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Timor-LesteTLSResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6TongaTONResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Trinidad and TobagoTTOResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6TunisiaTUNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6702.1165161133731.2081298828786.7869873047882.18963623051016.44818115231143.96569824221301.85180664061457.51538085941558.32885742191781.30432128911836.7005615234TurkeyTURResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6304.2435913086313.1893920898308.6862487793322.361541748365.3848571777354.1637268066369.0272521973495.3117980957506.7877807617577.7563476562621.6779174805714.6813354492750.5432739258810.7479858398891.9205322266986.9962158203TuvaluTUVResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Taiwan, ChinaTWNResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6TanzaniaTZAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P635.5677490234UgandaUGAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P637.1522102356UkraineUKRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61467.08666992191446.68591308591418.98376464841336.97436523441320.54748535161252.9058837891Upper middle incomeUMCResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6409.379116489428.0969871956388.2188712522405.3773416022498.81277125510.1927579296563.7206824728584.0811708021641.0592291168729.5853722567794.5951645748885.6496858504973.3458465801757.9786675849812.6877675002889.5868874027UruguayURYResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6218.8441772461277.5531921387373.2532043457273.8214111328481.188293457549.5284423828525.1979980469537.5151977539United StatesUSAResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P63102.269531253203.81616210943367.30053710943424.43627929693454.77099609383524.14477539063607.81860351563845.39624023443739.91284179693692.78344726563755.46899414063731.42480468753883.89501953124042.05639648443837.60034179693978.728515625UzbekistanUZBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6533.8567504883St. Vincent and the GrenadinesVCTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Venezuela, RBVENResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P649.355480194155.794521331861.251529693670.806953430269.512367248594.9714813232104.6786422729121.5300674438146.2622680664162.8221740723187.0889587402182.2409362793199.8052368164227.7917785645289.9703979492Virgin Islands (U.S.)VIRResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6VietnamVNMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6113.0013580322VanuatuVUTResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6West Bank and GazaPSEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P675.166252136295.0871429443144.8632965088326.9472351074WorldWLDResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P61082.36166715961206.64853943721284.5617315525SamoaWSMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Yemen, Rep.YEMResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6South AfricaZAFResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6198.873916626311.601776123301.4976196289376.7270202637358.7211608887379.6605224609389.4999694824385.6235961914388.9415893555363.8230285645Congo, Dem. Rep.CODResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6ZambiaZMBResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P649.044940948553.111080169755.129310607954.476089477543.0296516418ZimbabweZWEResearchers in R&D (per million people)SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P695.101272583

Metadata - CountriesCountry NameCountry CodeRegionIncomeGroupSpecialNotesKosovoEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeKosovo became a World Bank member on June 29, 2009. Since 1999, Kosovo has been a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).ArubaABWLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDSNA data for 2000-2011 are updated from official government statistics; 1994-1999 from UN databases. Base year has changed from 1995 to 2000.AfghanistanAFGSouth AsiaLow incomeFiscal year end: March 20; reporting period for national accounts data: FY (from 2013 are CY). National accounts data are sourced from the IMF and differ from the Central Statistics Organization numbers due to exclusion of the opium economy.AngolaAGOSub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2002.AlbaniaALBEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeAndorraANDEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDArab WorldARBArab World aggregate. Arab World is composed of members of the League of Arab States.United Arab EmiratesAREMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDApril 2013 database update: Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2001 onward; the base year changed to 2007.ArgentinaARGLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDThe base year has changed to 2004.ArmeniaARMEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeAmerican SamoaASMEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeAntigua and BarbudaATGLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.AustraliaAUSEast Asia & PacificHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Value added current series updated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics; data revised from 1990 onward; Australia reports using SNA 2008.AustriaAUTEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 13.7603 Austrian schilling. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.AzerbaijanAZEEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: National accounts historical expenditure series in constant prices were revised in line with State Statistical Committee data that were not previously available.BurundiBDISub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBelgiumBELEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 40.3399 Belgian franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.BeninBENSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBurkina FasoBFASub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBangladeshBGDSouth AsiaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2005/06.BulgariaBGREurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeThe new reference year for chain linked series is 2010. April 2011 database update: The National Statistical Office revised national accounts data from 1995 onward. GDP in current prices were about 4 percent higher than previous estimates.BahrainBHRMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDBased on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.Bahamas, TheBHSLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDBosnia and HerzegovinaBIHEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeBased on official government statistics for chain linked series; the new reference year is 2010.BelarusBLREurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeBelizeBLZLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeBermudaBMUNorth AmericaHigh income: nonOECDBoliviaBOLLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeBrazilBRALatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeBarbadosBRBLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDBrunei DarussalamBRNEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDBhutanBTNSouth AsiaLower middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Data were updated using the government of Bhutan macroeconomic framework.BotswanaBWASub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government statistics, national accounts data have been revised from 2006 onward; the new base year is 2006. Data before 2006 were reported on a fiscal year basis.Central African RepublicCAFSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeCanadaCANNorth AmericaHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.Central Europe and the BalticsCEBCentral Europe and the Baltics aggregate.SwitzerlandCHEEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDChannel IslandsCHIEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDChileCHLLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: OECDChinaCHNEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeOn 1 July 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong; and on 20 December 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao. Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the methodology for national accounts exports and imports of goods and services in constant prices have been revised from 2000 onward.Cte d'IvoireCIVSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeThe new base year is 2009.CameroonCMRSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeCongo, Dem. Rep.CODSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBased on official government statistics; the new base year 2005.Congo, Rep.COGSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 1990 onward; the base year changed to 1990.ColombiaCOLLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeComorosCOMSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeCabo VerdeCPVSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeCabo Verde is the new name for the country previously listed as Cape Verde. Based on official government statistics and IMF data, national accounts data have been revised from 1990 onward; the new base year is 2007.Costa RicaCRILatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeCaribbean small statesCSSCaribbean small states aggregate. Includes Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Suriname, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.CubaCUBLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeCuraaoCUWLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDCayman IslandsCYMLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDCyprusCYPEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2008: 1 euro = 0.585274 Cyprus pounds. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.Czech RepublicCZEEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDGermanyDEUEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 1.95583 German mark. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.DjiboutiDJIMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeDominicaDMALatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.DenmarkDNKEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDDominican RepublicDOMLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeAlgeriaDZAMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeEast Asia & PacificEAPEast Asia and Pacific regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).East Asia & Pacific (all income levels)EASEast Asia and Pacific regional aggregate (including high-income economies).Europe & Central AsiaECAEurope and Central Asia regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).Europe & Central Asia (all income levels)ECSEurope and Central Asia regional aggregate (including high-income economies).EcuadorECULatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeNational accounts have been revised from 1965 onward based on official government data; the new base year is 2007. The large upward changes are due to an improved calculation method for nominal GDP.Egypt, Arab Rep.EGYMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2001/02.Euro areaEMUEuro area aggregate.EritreaERISub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2000.SpainESPEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 166.386 Spanish peseta. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.EstoniaESTEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2011: 1 euro = 15.6466 Estonian kroon. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.EthiopiaETHSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: July 7; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2010/11.European UnionEUUEuropean Union aggregate.Fragile and conflict affected situationsFCSFragile situations aggregate. Note: Countries with fragile situations are primarily International Development Association-eligible countries and nonmember or inactive countries and territories with a 3.2 or lower harmonized average of the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessment rating and the corresponding rating by a regional development bank, or that have had a UN or regional peacebuilding and political mission (for example by the African Union, European Union, or Organization of American States) or peacekeeping mission (for example, by the African Union, European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or Organization of American States) during the last three years. This definition is pursuant to an agreement between the World Bank and other multilateral development banks at the start of the International Development Association 15 round in 2007. The list of countries and territories with fragile situations is imperfect and used here to reflect a complex concept. The World Bank continues to work with partners and client countries to refine the concept.FinlandFINEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 5.94573 Finnish markka. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.FijiFJIEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeBased on data from the Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data on the expenditure side have been revised from 2005 onward; the new base year is 2005.FranceFRAEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 6.55957 French franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.Faeroe IslandsFROEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDMicronesia, Fed. Sts.FSMEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeFiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on the Pacific and Virgin Islands Training Initiative, national accounts data have been revised from 2009 onward. 2013 estimates are based on the IMF Small States Monitor, Issue 1.2014. In 2010, the government statistical office revised national accounts data for 1995-2008.GabonGABSub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeBased on IMF data and official government statistics; the new base year is 2001.United KingdomGBREurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDGeorgiaGEOEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeGhanaGHASub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeIn 2010, the Ghana Statistical Service revised the base year for Ghana's national accounts series from 1993 to 2006. The new GDP data were about 60 percent higher than previously reported and incorporated improved data sources and methodology.GuineaGINSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeGambia, TheGMBSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2004 onward; the base year changed to 2004.Guinea-BissauGNBSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeIn 2010, national accounts data for 2003-09 were revised. The new data had broader coverage of all sectors of the economy, and GDP in current prices averaged 89 percent higher than previous estimates.Equatorial GuineaGNQSub-Saharan AfricaHigh income: nonOECDNational accounts have been revised from 1980 onward based on IMF data and official government statistics; the new base year is 2006.GreeceGRCEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 340.75 Greek drachma. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.GrenadaGRDLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.GreenlandGRLEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDGuatemalaGTMLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeGuamGUMEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDGuyanaGUYLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeIn 2010, the Bureau of Statistics introduced a new series of GDP rebased to year 2006. Current price GDP averaged 63 percent higher than previous estimates.High incomeHICHigh income group aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $12,736 or more.Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHKGEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDOn 1 July 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Agriculture value added includes mining and quarrying.HondurasHNDLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeHeavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)HPCHeavily indebted poor countries aggregate.CroatiaHRVEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDThe new reference year for chain linked series is 2010. April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, the base year for constant price series changed to 2005.HaitiHTILatin America & CaribbeanLow incomeFiscal year end: September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. In 2010, the government revised national accounts data following changes in the methodology. Current price series since 1991 and constant price series since 1996 were revised.HungaryHUNEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDApril 2012 database update: Based on data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, national accounts data were revised for 1991 onward.IndonesiaIDNEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Data for Indonesia include Timor-Leste through 1999 unless otherwise noted. New base year is 2010.Isle of ManIMNEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDIndiaINDSouth AsiaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2011/12. India reports using SNA 2008.IrelandIRLEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 0.787564 Irish pound. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.Iran, Islamic Rep.IRNMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeFiscal year end: March 20; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.IraqIRQMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeNational accounts have been revised from 2000 onward based on official government data; the new base year is 1988. The new series raises GDP significantly from previous estimates.IcelandISLEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDIsraelISRMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: OECDBased on official government statistics for chain linked series; the new reference year is 2010.ItalyITAEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 1936.27 Italian lira. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.JamaicaJAMLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2002 onward; the base year changed to 2007.JordanJORMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeJapanJPNEast Asia & PacificHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.KazakhstanKAZEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeThe new reference year for chain linked series is 2005.KenyaKENSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2009.Kyrgyz RepublicKGZEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeCambodiaKHMEast Asia & PacificLow incomeKiribatiKIREast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeBased on IMF and World Bank data, GDP in current and constant prices have been revised from 2000 onward. Value added components are calculated using shares from the Asian Development Bank.St. Kitts and NevisKNALatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.Korea, Rep.KOREast Asia & PacificHigh income: OECDThe new base year is 2010. GDP data are available from 1970 onward while components are revised from 2000 onward only. Historical data in constant prices are linked to preserve growth rates.KuwaitKWTMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.Latin America & CaribbeanLACLatin America and Caribbean regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).Lao PDRLAOEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeLebanonLBNMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeLiberiaLBRSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2000.LibyaLBYMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeNational accounts data are revised from 2010 to 2013 based on IMF and World Bank staff estimates.St. LuciaLCALatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.Latin America & Caribbean (all income levels)LCNLatin America and Caribbean regional aggregate (including high-income economies).Least developed countries: UN classificationLDCLeast developed countries (UN classification) aggregate.Low incomeLICLow income group aggregate. Low-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $1,045 or less.LiechtensteinLIEEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDSri LankaLKASouth AsiaLower middle incomeLower middle incomeLMCLower middle income group aggregate. Lower-middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was between $1,046 and $4,125.Low & middle incomeLMYLow and middle income group aggregate (all developing economies). Low- and middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $12,735 or less.LesothoLSOSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.LithuaniaLTUEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2015: 1 euro = 3.45280 Lithuanian litas. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.LuxembourgLUXEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 40.3399 Luxembourg franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.LatviaLVAEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2014: 1 euro = 0.702804 Latvian lats. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.Macao SAR, ChinaMACEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDOn 20 December 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao. Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.St. Martin (French part)MAFLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDMoroccoMARMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeMonacoMCOEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDMoldovaMDAEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeMadagascarMDGSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeMaldivesMDVSouth AsiaUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: The Department of National Planning revised national accounts data for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2003.Middle East & North Africa (all income levels)MEAMiddle East and North Africa regional aggregate (including high-income economies).MexicoMEXLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeThe new base year is 2008.Marshall IslandsMHLEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeFiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.Middle incomeMICMiddle income group aggregate. Middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was between $1,046 and $12,735.Macedonia, FYRMKDEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeNew base year is 2005.MaliMLISub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeMaltaMLTMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2008: 1 euro = 0.4293 Maltese lira. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.MyanmarMMREast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.Middle East & North AfricaMNAMiddle East and North Africa regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).MontenegroMNEEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeMontenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, for Serbia, some indicators continue to include data for Montenegro through 2005.MongoliaMNGEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeThe new base year is 2010.Northern Mariana IslandsMNPEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDMozambiqueMOZSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBased on official government statistics; the new base year is 2009.MauritaniaMRTSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeBased on official statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development; the base year has been returned to 2004.MauritiusMUSSub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeMalawiMWISub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2009.MalaysiaMYSEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeBased on official government statistics, value added in services in constant and current prices have been revised from 1990 onward. National accounts data in constant prices have been linked back to 1960; the new base year is 2005.North AmericaNACNorth America regional aggregate. There are no economies in North America classified as low or middle income.NamibiaNAMSub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government statistics, national accounts data have been revised from 1980 onward; the new base year is 2010.New CaledoniaNCLEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDNigerNERSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBased on official government statistics, national accounts data have been revised from 2006 onward; the new base year is 2006.NigeriaNGASub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeBased on official government statistics released 6 April, 2014, national accounts data have been revised from 2010 onward; the new base year is 2010. The new GDP data are 60 to 75 percent higher than previously reported and incorporate improved data sources and methodology. Nigeria reports using SNA 2008.NicaraguaNICLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 1994 onward; the base year changed to 2006.NetherlandsNLDEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 2.20371 Netherlands guilder. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.High income: nonOECDNOCHigh income nonOECD aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $12,736 or more.NorwayNOREurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDNepalNPLSouth AsiaLow incomeFiscal year end: July 14; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.New ZealandNZLEast Asia & PacificHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.High income: OECDOECHigh income OECD members aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $12,736 or more.OECD membersOEDOECD members aggregate (all, including developing countries).OmanOMNMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDBased on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.Other small statesOSSOther small states aggregate. Includes Bhutan, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Maldives, Mauritius, Montenegro, Namibia, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Swaziland, and Timor-Leste.PakistanPAKSouth AsiaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2005/06.PanamaPANLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeThe new base year is 2007.PeruPERLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeThe new base year is 2007.PhilippinesPHLEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeSource for GNI and net income from abroad is changed to national statistical office from central bank. April 2012 database update: National accounts data were revised for 1998 onward. Because intellectual property products are now reported as a part of gross fixed capital formation, gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices averaged 4 percent higher than previous estimates.PalauPLWEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeFiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. National accounts data are revised based on IMF reports.Papua New GuineaPNGEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomePolandPOLEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDPuerto RicoPRILatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. April 2012 database update: Based on data from the Instituto de Estadsticas de Puerto Rico, national accounts data were revised for 2001 onward.Korea, Dem. Rep.PRKEast Asia & PacificLow incomePortugalPRTEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 200.482 Portuguese escudo. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.ParaguayPRYLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeNational accounts data have been revised from 1960 onward. The methodology and base year have not changed but the output of two hydroelectric plants (shared with neighboring countries) has been added raising GDP from previous estimates. On the supply side, it was added in "gas, electricity and water." On the demand side changes were mainly to exports, but also for imports, investment and consumption. National accounts price valuations for 1991 to 2012 have also been corrected and changed from VAP to VAB.West Bank and GazaPSEMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeThe new base year is 2004.Pacific island small statesPSSPacific island small states aggregate. Includes Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.French PolynesiaPYFEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDQatarQATMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDRomaniaROUEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeNational accounts have been revised based on data from the National Statistical Institute; the new base year is 2000.Russian FederationRUSEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDRwandaRWASub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBased on official government statistics, national accounts data are revised for 2006 onward; the new base year is 2011. Rwanda reports using SNA 2008.South AsiaSASSouth Asia regional aggregate. There are no economies in South Asia classified as high income.Saudi ArabiaSAUMiddle East & North AfricaHigh income: nonOECDThe new base year is 2010.SudanSDNSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeDemographic data (total population, life expectancy, fertility, child mortality, migration), education series, and HIV prevalence are reported separately for Sudan and South Sudan; see specific notes for other series. National accounts data exclude South Sudan after July 9, 2011. Other data reported for Sudan generally include South Sudan to 2011 unless otherwise noted. External debt data and land-related data (including population density, but excluding surface area after 2010) for all years include South Sudan.SenegalSENSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeSingaporeSGPEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Country reports using a blend of SNA 1993 and SNA 2008. April 2012 database update: National accounts time series were replaced with official government statistics.Solomon IslandsSLBEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeNational accounts data have been revised from 2007 to 2013 based on IMF reports.Sierra LeoneSLESub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 1990 onward; the base year changed to 2006.El SalvadorSLVLatin America & CaribbeanLower middle incomeSan MarinoSMREurope & Central AsiaHigh income: nonOECDSomaliaSOMSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeSerbiaSRBEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeMontenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, for Serbia, some indicators, such as those series for which data appear only for Serbia and not Montenegro--e.g., aid, environment, external debt, balance of payments, various social indicators excluding population--continue to include data for Montenegro through 2005. Moreover, data from 1999 onward for Serbia for most indicators exclude data for Kosovo, 1999 being the year when Kosovo became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999); any exceptions are noted. Kosovo became a World Bank member on June 29, 2009; available data are shown separately for Kosovo. In 2011, the Statistical Office of Serbia improved the methodology of national accounts data for 2003 onward. Specifically, the classification of sectors was revised. The new reference year for chain linked series is 2010.Sub-Saharan AfricaSSASub-Saharan Africa regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).South SudanSSDSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeSouth Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan where available.Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)SSFSub-Saharan Africa regional aggregate (including high-income economies).Small statesSSTSmall states aggregate. Includes 41 members of the Small States Forum. (Does not include the high-income countries Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cyprus, Estonia, Iceland, Malta, Qatar, and San Marino.)So Tom and PrincipeSTPSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeBased on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2000.SurinameSURLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeSlovak RepublicSVKEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2009: 1 euro = 30.126 Slovak koruna. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.SloveniaSVNEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDA simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2007: 1 euro = 239.64 Slovenian tolar. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.SwedenSWEEurope & Central AsiaHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.SwazilandSWZSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. In 2011, the Central Statistical Office revised national accounts data for 1990 onward.Sint Maarten (Dutch part)SXMLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDSeychellesSYCSub-Saharan AfricaHigh income: nonOECDApril 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 1976 onward; the base year changed to 2006.Syrian Arab RepublicSYRMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2003 onward.Turks and Caicos IslandsTCALatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDChadTCDSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeBased on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2005 onward; the new base year is 2005.TogoTGOSub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeApril 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000; the new base year is 2000.ThailandTHAEast Asia & PacificUpper middle incomeFiscal year end: September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.TajikistanTJKEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeTurkmenistanTKMEurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeOn January 1, 2009, the Turkmen manat was redenominated (1 new manat = 5,000 old manats).Timor-LesteTLSEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeBased on official government statistics, national account data have been revised, and value added is measured at basic prices; the new base year is 2010.TongaTONEast Asia & PacificUpper middle income2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Fiscal year ends on June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. April 2013 database update: Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data were revised; the base year changed to 2010/11.Trinidad and TobagoTTOLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDTunisiaTUNMiddle East & North AfricaUpper middle incomeNational accounts data from 2005 onward have been revised based on data published by the Tunisian authorities. April 2012 database update: Based on data from the Central Bank and its Statistical Bulletin, national accounts data were revised for 1997 onward.TurkeyTUREurope & Central AsiaUpper middle incomeTuvaluTUVEast Asia & PacificUpper middle income2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Value added is measured at producer prices up to 1999 and at basic prices from 2000 onward.Taiwan, ChinaTWNEast Asia & PacificHigh income: nonOECDTanzaniaTZASub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeThe new base year is 2007. Tanzania reports using a blend of SNA 1993 and SNA 2008.UgandaUGASub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2009/10. Uganda reports using SNA 2008. Price valuation is in producer prices.UkraineUKREurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeUpper middle incomeUMCUpper middle income group aggregate. Upper-middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was between $4,126 and $12,735.UruguayURYLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDIn 2011, the Central Bank revised national accounts data for 2006 onward.United StatesUSANorth AmericaHigh income: OECDFiscal year end: September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.UzbekistanUZBEurope & Central AsiaLower middle incomeSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesVCTLatin America & CaribbeanUpper middle incomeApril 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.Venezuela, RBVENLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDVirgin Islands (U.S.)VIRLatin America & CaribbeanHigh income: nonOECDVietnamVNMEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeBased on data from the Vietnam Statistics Office, national accounts data have been revised from 2000 onward; the new base year is 2010.VanuatuVUTEast Asia & PacificLower middle income2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Based on official government statistics, value added is measured at producer prices through 1997 and at basic prices from 1998 onward.WorldWLDWorld aggregate.SamoaWSMEast Asia & PacificLower middle incomeFiscal year ends on June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Data are revised from Samoa Bureau of Statistics and Central Bank of Samoa. The new base year is 2008/09. Other methodological changes include increased reliance on summary data from the countrys Value Added Goods and Services Tax system, incorporation of more recent benchmarks, and use of improved data sources.Yemen, Rep.YEMMiddle East & North AfricaLower middle incomeBased on official government statistics and International Monetary Fund data, national accounts data have been revised for 1990 onward. The new base year is 2007.South AfricaZAFSub-Saharan AfricaUpper middle incomeFiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. The new base year is 2010. South Africa reports using SNA 2008.ZambiaZMBSub-Saharan AfricaLower middle incomeThe new base year is 2010. National accounts data were rebased to reflect the January 1, 2013, introduction of the new Zambian kwacha at a rate of 1,000 old kwacha = 1 new kwacha. Zambia reports using SNA 2008.ZimbabweZWESub-Saharan AfricaLow incomeFiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. As of January 2009, multiple hard currencies, such as rand, pound sterling, euro and U.S. dollar are in use. Data are reported in U.S. dollars, the most-used currency.

Metadata - IndicatorsINDICATOR_CODEINDICATOR_NAMESOURCE_NOTESOURCE_ORGANIZATIONSP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6Researchers in R&D (per million people)Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (ISCED97 level 6) engaged in R&D are included.United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.