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ISSN : 2349-1264(RRJoT)May - August 2014
ü Development of Cotton and Cotton Gauze Fabricü An Outline of Poisoning at Kadapa ü Rotenone Beyond Just an Insecticideü Oxidative Stress and Organ Dysfunction
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
Research & Reviews
A Journal of Toxicology
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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
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Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
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Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Dr Selvaraj Milton prabuDepartment of zoology,Annamalai
university., India.
Dr. Iqbal AhmadHead, Fibre Toxicology Division Indian
Institute of Toxicology Research Lucknow- India.
Dr. Rajnish Kumar ChaturvediScientist Developmental Toxicology
Division Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR)-Lucknow, India.
Dr Seema Akbar AssistantDirector, Regional Research Institute
of Unani Medicine, the University of Kashmir Campus, Srinagar JK India.
Kausar Mahmood AnsariScientist Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research (IITR)-Lucknow, India.
Dr. Subrahmanyam Venkata Satya Vangala
Sai Advantium Pharma Ltd., India.
Dr. Ilora Ghosh MondalEnvironmental Sciences, JNU New
Delhi, India.
Dr. Krishna P GuptaIndian Institute of Toxicology Research
Carcinogenesis Division, India.
Dr. Urmi ChatterjiDepartment of Zoology; University of
Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, India.
Dr. Devyani HaldarPrincipal Research Scientist,University of
Hyderabad Campus, India.
Dr. Ashok K. VaidChairman, Medical Oncology &
Haematology Medanta Cancer Institute Medanta – The Medicity Sector-38,
Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Research &
Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology The intension of RRJoT is to create an atmosphere that stimulates
creativeness, research and growth in the area of Toxicology.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RRJoT provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Toxicology found to be relevant for National and International recent
developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Toxicology.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Development of Cotton and Cotton Gauze Fabric Coated with Swietenia microphylla Bark as a Wound Contact Layer K. Sangeetha, P. Yasotha 1
2. An Outline of Poisoning at Kadapa (South India) Mohan B., Thomas S., Basha S. A., Parveen S., Reddenna L., Kumar E. S. J. 5
3. Rotenone Beyond Just An Insecticide: A ReviewGhosh I. , Maurya N., Agarwal N. R. 8
4. Cadmium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress and Organ DysfunctionNazima B., Manoharan V., Prabu S. M. 14
ContentsResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology
RRJoT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2231-3834 (online), ISSN: 2349-1264 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Development of Cotton and Cotton Gauze Fabric
Coated with Swietenia microphylla Bark as a
Wound Contact Layer
K. Sangeetha1*, P. Yasotha
2
1PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract The present work discusses the development of cotton and cotton gauze-based bandage
using mahogany. The biological properties of mahogany bark extract have been
identified. The 25% concentration of mahogany extract have been treated directly and kept at room temperature for conditioning. Further the antibacterial activity of
mahogany-treated samples have been evaluated against wound infecting pathogens (AATCC- 147) Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that
mahogany has good antibacterial property against wound infecting pathogens.
Keywords: Herbs, Mahogany, Pathogens, Wound contact layer
RRJoT (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2231-3834 (online), ISSN: 2349-1264 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
An Outline of Poisoning at Kadapa (South India)
Mohan B.*, Thomas S., Basha S. A., Parveen S., Reddenna L., Kumar E. S. J. Department of Pharm-D, P. Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh
516003, India
Abstract The epidemiology of poisoning can be studied from different perspectives. Early correct
diagnosis and appropriate treatment, conversely, are often lives saving. Therefore, the
knowledge of the general pattern of poisoning in a particular region would help in early diagnosis and management of poisoning, which in turn should result in a reduction of
morbidity and mortality. Retrospective observational Study was conducted for a period of six months in the general medicine and emergency (ICU) units at
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa. In our study we found that
the poisoning was due to various products such as paraphenylene diamine (a hair dye), Gammexane, Kerosene, Nail polish, Rat poisons, petrol, etc. There is high incidence of
0.7 came in the vasmol poison. A total of 08 (7.2%) deaths were reported throughout the
study period and remaining were shifted to general medicine wards and got discharged after complete recovery and some were absconded, referred to higher institution for
better care. Psychological counseling may be helpful in elimination in the poisoning consumptions.
Keywords: epidemiology, poisoning, paraphenylene diamine
RRJoT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2231-3834 (online), ISSN: 2349-1264 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Rotenone Beyond Just An Insecticide: A Review
Ghosh I.*, Maurya N., Agarwal N. R. Environmental Toxicology and Biochemistry, School of Environmental Science,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Abstract Pesticides have received the most attention due to their global application and
widespread implications on human health. In recent years, both epidemiological and toxicological studies have provided evidence that pesticides have the potential to act as
toxicants contributing to the development of pathogenesis such as neuronal degenerations as well as may be utilized to induce signalling for reversal, suppress or prevent
carcinogenic progression. Rotenone, an isoflavones naturally found in the roots and
stems of several plants, is used as a broad-spectrum pesticide. Surprisingly, being a
known toxicant, rotenone is used in organic food farming, based on its label as a natural
product. Highly lipophilic, it easily crosses the cellular membrane without depending on
a transmembrane protein. Once inside the cell, it accumulates at mitochondrial complex I where it is known to inhibit the transfer of electrons and increases reactive oxygen
species (ROS) production, causing oxidative damage to DNA and proteins. More recently, rotenone was also shown to inhibit proteosome activity and catalyze the
degradation of ubiquitin tagged proteins which may be implicated in pathogenesis of
diseases. Numerous plant derived flavonoids compounds, with mitochondrial electron transport chain interrupter, such as rotenone, are currently used by cancer patients as
dietary supplements to complement chemotherapy. Excess generation of ROS and its involvement in down-regulation of cellular proliferation by rotenone may be significant in
chemotherapeutic assistance in prolonged treatment of tumourigenesis in future.
Keywords: Rotenone, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Cancer, Mitochondrial
dysfunction
RRJoT (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology ISSN: 2231-3834 (online), ISSN: 2349-1264 (print)
Volume 4, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Cadmium Toxicity: Oxidative Stress and Organ
Dysfunction
Nazima B., Manoharan V., Prabu S. M.*
Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar,
Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract Due to continued anthropogenic mobilization, cadmium accumulation in the environment causes various health problems because of its diverse toxic effects, extremely lingering
biological half life (20–30 years), low rate of excretion from the body and storage
predominantly in soft tissue primarily liver and kidney. Cadmium is known to have numerous noxious effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatoxicity, osteoporosis,
cardiovascular toxicity, lung toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The biologically
significant ionic form of cadmium, Cd2+
, binds to many bio-molecules and these interactions underlie the toxicity mechanisms of cadmium. Some of the molecules (Mg
2+,
Ca 2+)
and transition metal ions (e.g., Zn 2+
, Cu 2+
, Fe 3+/2+
) is particularly sensitive to the presence of Cd
2+ because they enclose cationic sites to which the toxic metal can bind.
Alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during chronic exposures are
less significant compared to the acute cadmium toxicity probably due to induced adaptation mechanism such as metallothionein and glutathione which in turn diminish
cadmium induced oxidative stress. Many low molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic
acid, vitamin E, glutathione, Flavonoids) and other antioxidants are capable of chelating cadmium ions reducing their catalytic activity to form ROS. This mini review focused on
direct evidence on cadmium induced ROS production, how different organ system responds to cadmium stress and pathological outcomes. For the treatment of cadmium
intoxications a therapy with chelating agents has been applied. A better understanding of
cadmium toxicity to tackle the environmental challenges lying ahead thus requires properly designed studies implementing biologically relevant cadmium concentrations on
different cell types and use of these data in a theoretical framework integrating all cellular aspects of cadmium effects.
Keywords: Cadmium, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, ROS, Chelation