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Research Report:
SUPPORT RALEIGH TANZANIA TO PROVIDE A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF COUNTRY LANDSCAPES BOTH INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY
Submitted to:
PREPARED BY:DANIEL M MAEMBE PHONE NUMBER: +255 714 475788 EMAIL: [email protected]
10/29/2015
ContentsLIST OF ABBREVIATION..........................................................................................................................4
1. Summary.......................................................................................................................................5
2. Introduction...................................................................................................................................5
3. Background Information................................................................................................................5
4. Methodology.................................................................................................................................5
5. Presenting findings........................................................................................................................6
6. WASH.............................................................................................................................................6
6.1 People with no access to water.................................................................................................6
6.2 People with access to water............................................................................................................7
6.3 Regions with access of water...........................................................................................................7
6.4 Overview of Research in WASH.......................................................................................................7
7. Community resilience....................................................................................................................7
7.1 Entrepreneurship.............................................................................................................................7
7.2 Population.......................................................................................................................................8
7.3 Income.............................................................................................................................................9
7.4 Financial services.............................................................................................................................9
7.5 Agriculture.....................................................................................................................................10
7.6 Health............................................................................................................................................11
7.7 Employment..................................................................................................................................12
7.8 Education.......................................................................................................................................12
7.8.1 Literacy rate................................................................................................................................12
7.8.2 IIiteracy rate...............................................................................................................................13
7.9 Overview of Researcher in Community resilience.........................................................................13
8. Natural resource management.......................................................................................................13
8.1........................................................................................................................................................13
9. Youth...........................................................................................................................................14
9.1 Overview of Researcher in Youth..................................................................................................15
10. Gender.....................................................................................................................................16
10.1 Overview of Researcher in Gender..............................................................................................16
11. Partner mapping......................................................................................................................17
12. Beneficiary needs data (Raleigh and Partner)..........................................................................20
12.1 Raleigh and SAWA.......................................................................................................................20
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12.2 Raleigh and DMDD.......................................................................................................................20
12.3 Raleigh and EADD........................................................................................................................20
13. Outcomes and impact of Raleigh projects (Non ICS)...............................................................21
14. Feedback and monitoring information....................................................................................23
17. Review information from other countries.....................................................................................25
17.1 Nicaraguans case study...............................................................................................................25
18. Potential donors and corporate organization................................................................................26
19. Challenges.....................................................................................................................................29
19.1 Challenges facing communities...................................................................................................29
19.2 Challenges facing Raleigh Tanzania.............................................................................................29
19.2.1 in Communities.........................................................................................................................29
19.2.2 With Project partner.................................................................................................................29
19.2.3 Volunteers................................................................................................................................30
20. Recommendations.........................................................................................................................30
References...........................................................................................................................................31
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONFAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
FECSA HEALTHY FAMILIES, SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES
GDP GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HAPA HEALTH ACTION PROMOTION ASSOCIATION
ICS INTERNATIONAL CITIZEN SOCIETY
ICSE INTERNATIONAL CITIZEN SOCIETY ENTREPRENEUR
IFAD INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
KWIECO KILIMANJARO WOMEN INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND CONSULTANCY ORGANIZATION
MAMADO MAJI NA MAENDELEO DODOMA
PANITA PARTNERSHIP FOR NUTRITION IN TANZANIA
PHAST PARTICIPATORY HYGIENE AND SANITATION TRANSFORMATION
SACCOS SAVINGS AND CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY
SAWA SANITATION AND WATER ACTION
SEMA SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT ACTION
UN WOMEN UNITED NATIONS ENTITY FOR GENDER EQUALITY AND THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
UNDAP UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE PLAN
UNDP UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
UNICEF UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND
USAID UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
WASH WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE
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1. SummaryThere are crucial facts and evidence to support Raleigh Tanzania to work in Tanzanian communities. For example access to water by the rural population is still a problem, in 2011 people in rural areas live below poverty line of $1.90 per day. However this has been increased since 2005 where the poverty line was lower at $1.25 per day. Their main source of energy (90%) depends much on wood which lead to destruction of natural forests. The overall balance of gender equality is still a challenge in rural areas while, youth population is experiencing problems with employment. Most of them migrate to the cities and leave their rural counterparts with variety of economic opportunities such as to work in agriculture.
However, research has shown that there other factors which are very useful in supporting Raleigh Tanzania for future bids.
2. Introduction This research report intends to show the facts, figures and evidence to support Raleigh Tanzania’s work in Tanzania. It’s all show the Background of why Raleigh International operates in Tanzania, with the evidence to support focus on southern corridor and highlands areas and as well as provide a clear picture of WASH, Community Resilience, Gender and Youth of Tanzania.
3. Background InformationRaleigh Tanzania is a part of Raleigh International, a sustainable development charity. Raleigh International harnesses the passion and energy of young people to effect positive change in sustainable development. Raleigh Tanzania has been operating since 2012; and focuses on two main programmes – the International Citizen Service (ICS) and Raleigh Expeditions. The first ICS programmes were launched in June 2013 with volunteers working alongside rural communities on water and sanitation projects.Raleigh Tanzania chose to work in Tanzania because is one of the most stable and peaceful democracies in Africa, a potential thriving middle income nation and regional trading hub with GDP growth averaging an impressive 7% over the past decade.The overall of objective of Raleigh Tanzania is to address development challenges facing rural communities and Tanzanian youth through the following strategic objectives:• Improve access to, demand for and quality of safe water and sanitation.• Improve community resilience• Build a youth leadership culture• Develop a national youth society
4. MethodologyThe research methodology used by the researcher to obtain information was through internal organization documents, external sources from partner organization and as well as using documentary review. The internal organization documents used include Team Debrief reports and Team Planning tools for both WASH and Entrepreneurship projects together with quotes.The researcher has used terms of references which intend to guide his work, some regions where Raleigh Tanzania operate together with partner organization as a case studies to collate
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feedback, and other case studies like JigSaw Independent evidence case study as a review information from other country as generic soundbites.
5. Presenting findingsThe findings are based on the main aims of Raleigh Tanzania with evidence based on statistical data in order to address the development challenges facing rural communities and Tanzania Youth. It also serves to provide an update to Raleigh Tanzania which will be used as evidence to support future bids required.
6. WASH
6.1 People with no access to water38% of the primary schools (both government and public) have no water supply on the school premises, 37% do not have access to sanitation, 84% of the schools do not have a functional hand washing facility, 96% lack WASH facilities suitable to children with disabilities, 18,500 children under 5 die each year from diarrhoea, 52% do not have doors on girls’ latrines. (UNDP Annual Report 2013 – 2014, Pg, 21)96% of Schools have no sanitary facilities suitable or accessible to children with disabilities, 87% of Tanzanians have no access to improved sanitation, 84% of Schools have no functional hand washing facilities, 56% of average pupils do not have latrine drop holes in public and private primary schools nationwide, 52% of Schools have no doors on girls latrines, 46% of Tanzanians lack access to improved drinking water sources, 38% of Schools have no water supply in the school premises, 20% of Population wash hands with soap before preparing food, 16% of Tanzanians practice open defection, 215 boys/187 girls is the average pupil/latrine ratio in government primary schools in Dar es Salaam. (UNICEF TANZANIA 2015)49% of schools lack access to safe drinking water, 55% of the schools lack access to sanitation facilities and 25% of 24 month children is stunting due to having diarrhoea in the first 2 years (The World We want 2015, Pg14)According to WaterAid 2015, 14 Million People in Tanzania do not have access to safe water; 27 Million People do not have access to adequate sanitation in Tanzania, while Over 7,000 children die every year from diarrhoea due to unsafe water and poor sanitation in Tanzania. UNICEF Annual Report (2013, Pg 27) show that, 90% 0f the hospital’s children’s wards in Chamwino District, Dodoma had no hand washing facilities, 20% had no functional toilets and 11% of health facilities had hand washing facilities. Apart from that, 18,500 children under 5 die each year from diarrhoea. (UNDAP Annual Report 2013 – 2014, Pg 21)WaterAid (2012, Pg 37) in Tanzania show that 10% of people in Nzega, Mbulu and Mtoa district did not have latrines and they were not using its, one of reasons was because “our latrine is full; we don’t have a latrine; our latrine has collapsed; our latrine is under construction; and our latrine is water logged”.
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6.2 People with access to water80% of urban populations have access to water supply and 24% of urban Tanzanians have access to sanitation services in urban. Meanwhile 47.9% of rural Tanzanian has access to safe water supply and 9% of rural Tanzanians have access to sanitation services. (WaterAid Annual Report 2012/2013, Pg 6)14% of household in Tanzania Mainland had drinking water on their premises. 41% of households were less than 30 minutes from a drinking water source. 45% took 30 minutes or longer to obtain drinking water. 12% of households in Tanzania Mainland use improved toilet facilities that are not shared with other households. 22% of households in urban areas have improved toilet facilities compared with 9% in rural areas. (National Bureau of Statistics, 2013 Pp 66-70)47% of the population in rural areas use an improved drinking water source compared to 89% in urban areas. 86% of urban areas and 57% rural areas have access of water and sanitation increased. (United Republic of Tanzania, 2014 Pg 7)49,000 children in more than 63 schools were provided with quality child/girl friendly and accessible school WASH services on both the mainland and Zanzibar. (United Nations in Tanzania, 2015) 74% of urban households have access to safe drinking water as compared to about 40% of their rural counterparts. 25% of the rural population have piped water compared to 57.9% of the urban. (National Bureau of Statistics, June 2013 Pp IV -V)
6.3 Regions with access of waterThe researcher found from that 95.76% of people in Nzega, Mbulu and Mtoa district collect water from community own sources, 27.6% of people in Nzega, Mbulu and Mtoa district have access to piped water. 1.83% of people in Nzega, Mbulu and Mtoa district collect water from the sources they own. (WaterAid 2012, Pg 5).
6.4 Overview of Research in WASHFrom the findings figures concerning WASH, the current status of gap between populations using improved drinking water in rural areas is 47% while 89% in urban areas. However, 53% of the rural population do not have improved water whereas this is the case in 11% of urban areas in Tanzania.
7. Community resilience
7.1 EntrepreneurshipOut of 30 colleges and universities in Tanzania, just 2 have entrepreneurship centres dedicated to entrepreneurial development and small business support for the students.
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Universities with entrepreneurship centres are: the University of Dar es Salaam and Mzumbe University. (Youth Business International Report, 2015)More than 95% of businesses in Tanzania are small enterprises. Small enterprises contribute about 35% of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Currently in excess of a million entrepreneurs in Tanzania are running small, medium or micro enterprises (SME’s) responsible for generating up to 40% of total employment. (Tanzania Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture, 2015)Various initiatives have been made by the government of Tanzania through Ministry of State. The Prime Minister’s Office (Investment and empowerment), launched the Youth Business Tanzania, a programme known as "Kijana Jiajiri" (self-employment programmes), a national programme for young entrepreneurs of Tanzania. “I am therefore delighted to hear that there are consultations going on with some financial institutions of facilitating access to concessional finance for the Kijana Jiajiri Programme graduates, youth are most affected by extreme poverty, lack of employment and poor health we must help them,” Dr Mary Nagu said. Ministry of State,Prime Minister’s Office (Investment and empowerment). (National Economic Empowerment Councils (NEEC), 2015 quote from website link in reference).43% of micro and small enterprises in Tanzania are owned by women, their businesses tend to be smaller, have fewer employees and bleaker growth prospects than their male counterparts. Only 4% of women in Tanzania work in formal employment and only 5% have access to financing from banks, leaving them with fewer resources to invest in their businesses. (Cherie Blair, 2015).
7.2 PopulationIFAD (2013, Pg 2) shows that Tanzania is 152nd of 187 countries in the world in the 2011 UN Human Development Index with one third of Tanzanians live below the basic needs poverty line of $ 1.25 per day and 90% of Tanzania’s poor people live in rural areas. The extreme poverty line has been updated to $1.90 a day in 2011 Purchasing Power Parities, having been $1.25 in 2005 Purchasing Power Parities for many years. The 15 national poverty lines used to set the 2005 global line were updated for inflation nationally, converted into dollars using the new 2011 Purchasing Power Parities then averaged, resulting in $1.90. (BOND FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 2015)The basic needs poverty line was estimated at TShs 36, 482 per adult equivalent per month and TShs 26,085 per month for food poverty line. About 28.2% of Tanzanian population is basic needs poor and 9.7% food poor (United Republic of Tanzania, 2014 Pg 9)Apart from that, 12 million Tanzanian people are still below the poverty line, 10 million people live in rural areas compared to 1.9 million living in urban areas. (WORLD BANK GROUP, 2015 Pg xvii)FinScope Tanzania (2013, Pg 9) Source of income in Tanzania population shows that 22.9% are dependent on others while other sources of income include 22.4% own business, 20.6% subsistence farming,15.8% agribusiness,4.5% formal employment and 2.7% informal employment.
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7.3 Income20% of the population of Tanzania earn at present only 6.8 percent of the total income. 40% of the rural people living below the basic needs poverty line compared to 16% in Dar es Salaam and 18% in other urban areas. (FAO, 2014 Pg 42-43)The source of income of Tanzania population comes from 22.4% own business, 20.6% subsistence farming,15.8% agribusiness, 4.5% formal employment, 2.7% informal employment while 22.9% Depend from others who are working. The diagram below show the source of income in Tanzania populationFigure 1: Source of Income of Tanzania Population
Depen
dants
Own business
Subsis
tence
farming
Agribusin
ess
Form
al em
ploymen
t
Informal
employm
ent
0.00%5.00%
10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%
SOURCE OF INCOME OF TANZANIA POPULATION
source of income of Tanzania population
Source: Data obtain from FinScope TANZANIA, 2013
7.4 Financial servicesFinScope Tanzania (2013, Pp 4 – 14) In Tanzania, 40% of adults are within 5 km radius of a bank branch, an ATM MFI or SACCOS or a mobile money agent, 49.9% of Tanzanians use mobile financial service, 13% use insurance, 4.4% use MFI and SACCOS members. 31.6% of females do not have access to financial services, while the same is true for 22.7% of males highlighting that women lag in terms of economic development. The regions with the highest rate of people with access to financial services in Tanzania are;
31.6% Dar es Salaam, 25.9% Iringa, 17.3% Morogoro, 16.6% Kilimanjaro, 16.4% Njombe, 13.2% Ruvuma, 11.1% Mara, 6.3% Kigoma and 5.4% Manyara
Regions which do not have much access to financial services in rural areas are;
45.8% Singida, 44.1% Lindi, 43.8% Mtwara, 42.0% Mbeya, 41.5% Shinyanga, 35.9% Geita, 35.8% Kagera, 35.1% Dodoma and 35.0% Rukwa.Of the Tanzanian population that have access to financial services; 78.6% are employed formally, 19.6% are business owners, 13.9%
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make up the adult population, 7.1% are involved in agribusiness and 4.9% are subsistence farmers.Figure 2: Access to Financial Service in Tanzania
Form
al Em
ployed
Business
owners
Adult populati
on
Agribusin
ess
Subsis
tence
Farmers
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES IN TANZANIA
Access to financial services in Tanzania
Source: - Obtain from FinScope TANZANIA, 2013
7.5 Agriculture 90% of women and 85% of men work in agriculture. 78% of the rural working population indicate that they work on their own farm. 85% of the 5.1 million hectares cultivated annually are used for a wide range of
food crops including maize, which is the main food crop, alongside sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, beans, cassava, bananas and potatoes,
73% of landholders are men whereas only 27% are women in rural areas, Between 0.9 and 3 hectares of land depend on smallholder farm households for
a total land area of about 3 million hectares – equal to 34% of the total arable land. About 70% of the cropped area is cultivated by hand hoe, 20% by ox plough and 10% by tractor. It is mostly rain-fed, with only 3.5% of arable land being under irrigation. (FAO, 2014 Pp 42 -43).
70% of the poor who are in rural areas depends on agriculture, 25% contribution of agriculture sector in the country economy due to following the influx of investors interested in large scale farming. Agriculture production contribution has been based in three subsectors of food crops, cash crops and livestock. The livestock production is as follows
40% originates from beef production, 30% from milk production and 30% from poultry and small stock production.
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Figure 3: Livestock production contribution in Country Economy
Beef production40%
Milk production30%
Poultry and small stock production
30%
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION CONTRIBUTION IN COUNTRY ECONOMY
Source: - Obtain from National Bureau of Statistics, 2013
The agriculture sector employs 77% of Tanzanians and 20% of Tanzanian farmers produce rice. This sector also employs 80% of women in Tanzania, 19% of land titles in agriculture are owned by women, though they have minimal access to credit, and leaders of farmers’ associations. (USAID TANZANIA, 2014 Pg 18)90% of women do all activities of process in agriculture, 70% of weeding and 60% of harvesting in agriculture. (REPOA report 2010 – 2014, Pg 5)29% of farmers do not have bank account due to insufficient income, also 17% of farmer’s banks are too far away and 20% of them cannot maintain the minimum balance. (FinScope TANZANIA, 2013 Pg 14)
7.6 Health90% of the population live in rural areas where famine, malnutrition and diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS are prevalent and 18,500 children under 5 die each year from diarrhoea. (UNDAP Annual Report 2013 – 2014)80% of deaths in children fewer than five years of age are caused by Malaria and 4 million of Tanzanians are infected with HIV. Each year an estimated 100,000 are newly infected and 86,000 die. (USAID TANZANIA, 2014)Over 7,000 children die every year from diarrhoea due to unsafe water and poor sanitation in Tanzania. (WaterAid 2015)
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25% of 24 month children experience stunted growth due to having diarrhoea in the first 2 years.(The Final Post 2015 Water Thematic Consultation Report)
7.7 Employment78% of the rural working population indicate that they work on their own farm. Rural workers in the Eastern region enjoy higher earnings than those in other regions (60000 TShs per month) in agriculture and the lowest average earnings are observed amongst those working in the central region (20000 TShs per month) and south highlands (40000 TShs per month). (FAO, 2014)US$450,000 is provided to Kilimanjaro Women Information Exchange and Consultancy Organization (KWIECO) to support Women Economic Empowerment for Justice in Tanzania and $5000 million is provided by UN-Women each year to support non-government and regional organizations to promote gender equality. (UN WOMEN Annual Report 2013 – 2014 Pg 21)
7.8 Education 40% of male workers and 49% of female workers have received no education at all, 60% of male workers in rural areas and 80% in urban areas have attained primary education whereas the same is true for 51% of female workers in rural areas and 75% female workers in urban areas. (FAO, 2014)
7.8.1 Literacy rateIn Tanzania, 72.77% of female youths aged between 15 -24 years are literate , while 76.56% of male youths aged between 15 – 24 years are literate.(Tanzania youth policy 2013)90% and 80% of male and female in Dar es Salaam have high literacy rates. (FAO, 2014)Adult literacy rates vary among regions in Tanzania as follows;-
96% Dar es Salaam, 92% Kilimanjaro, 84% Ruvuma, 82% Njombe, 81% Mara, 81% Mbeya, 80% Tanga, 59% Tabora.83% of Adult literacy for males which is significantly higher than that of females (73%) in the whole of Tanzania.(The United republic of Tanzania, 2014)
Out of 21 regions only 12 (57.1%) have enrolment ratios above 90% in primary school. The leading regions are:
Mbeya (99.8%), Mwanza (99.7%), Mara (99.6%), Tanga (99.5%) and Ruvuma (99.4%) and
Manyara and Kigoma have lowest net enrolment ratio of 80% respectively.(National Bureau of Statistics, 2013)
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70% of children in the primary grades could not read at grade level, however Primary school net enrolments are now greater than 90%,(USAID TANZANIA, 2014)
7.8.2 IIiteracy rateThe illiteracy levels differ across regions in Tanzania;
48% Tabora, 44% Katavi, 42% Simiyu, 41%Geita, 41%Rukwa 38% Shinyanga, 38% Dodoma, 37% Lindi, 34% Mtwara, 33% Singida, 33% Manyara and 32% Kigoma. (The United Republic of Tanzania, April 2014)
7.9 Overview of Researcher in Community resilience28.2% of the Tanzania population live below poverty line at TShs 36,482 per adult per month and TShs 26,085 per month for food poverty line. While 90% of the rural population fall under that category and most of them do not have much access of financial services, also depend much on subsistence farming production using hand hoe. The level of education differs from rural to urban population; with 51% of females and 60% males in rural areas have received education compared to 80% of male and 75% of females in urban areas. Early childhood development (provision of education to child with 5 years) has become a problem and contributes to finishing standard 7 without knowing how to read and write clearly.
8. Natural resource managementOnly 3.2% of Tanzania is covered by closed dense forests. 33% of Tanzania forests are affected by desertification, 33.5 million Hectors of forest in Tanzania, but 130,000 to 500,000 hectors per annum is destructed. 90% of the population depends on wood fuel energy. About half of the land area of Tanzania can be categorized as grazing land, but 60% of this is tsetse fly infested. (Sustainable Development, 2015) Furthermore, 90% of households in rural areas use wood for cooking. 69% of households in urban areas use charcoal for cooking. 46% of households in urban areas use electricity as their major source of energy for lighting compare to 3% in rural areas. (National Bureau of Statistics, 2013)
8.1 Climate changeClimate change has increasingly become a global concern that needs global efforts to tackle and is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihood and economic development. The adverse impacts of climate change are now evident in many parts of the world, including Tanzania. For Tanzania, the adverse impacts of climate change are already vivid in almost all sectors of the economy. Some key examples are:
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- Severe and recurrent droughts in the past few years that triggered devastating power crisis in 2006.- drop in water levels of Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Manyara and Lake Jipe; the dramatic recession of 7km of Lake Rukwa in about 50 years.- Loss of 80% of the glacier on Mount Kilimanjaro since 1912 with a projection that the whole of the glacier will be gone by 2025.- the intrusion of sea water into fresh water wells along the coast of Bagamoyo and the inundation of Maziwe and Fungu la Nyani islands, as a result of sea level rise, in Pangani and Rufiji respectively (United Republic of Tanzania, 2015)
Various initiatives have been undertaken by the government of Tanzania under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, such as- The preparation of the Initial National Communication in 2003,- Development of the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) of 2007, - The National Development Vision 2025 and - National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP/MKUKUTA II, 2010/11-2015, and the National Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan of 2009.The Government of Tanzania in collaboration with development partners has put in place the National Climate Change Strategy to enable Tanzania to effectively adapt to climate change and participate in global efforts to mitigate climate change with a view to achieving sustainable development. (United Republic of Tanzania, 2015).
9. YouthThe number of Tanzanians between 14 and 25 has surged from 4.4 million in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2010, by 2030, the number of young people is expected to rise to 15 million, out of a total population of 47 million. (The Guardian, 2015)About 75% of employed youths are active in the agriculture sector, and only 6.7 per cent hold public sector wage jobs.More than 20% youths with secondary education in Dar es Salaam are unemployed and a staggering 56% of secondary educated youths in Zanzibar are unemployed. (The World Bank, 2015)However, 48.1% of youth under 30 years of age do not have access to financial services. 15-24 ages of youth participate in vulnerable types of employment than of the adult, 90% of young people population in Tanzania leave high on dependency rate due to the presence of flow of outbound migration of young from 15 -19 and 20 -24 age groups, while within that age groups depend on their parents in studying in secondary and colleges, also and 88% of rural youth being employed in the agriculture industry and 50% of the people who migrated are younger than 34 years from rural to urban areas. (FAO, 2014)44% of young women are mothers or pregnant with their first child by the age of 19, 45% new infections among 15-24 year olds with HIV and AIDS. 21% of 20 - 24 ages continue to have multiple sexual partners be at higher risk of contracting HIV. 10.4% of young people‘s knowledge and participation in policy development, implementation and monitoring is low. 3% of young
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people in the Southern Highlands had participated in budget planning. (Restless Development Report, 2011)Figure 4: Youth employment in various Sectors
Source: Data obtain from Youth Business International Report, 2015
The figure 4 above shows the Youth employment in various sectors in Tanzania for ages 15 – 24. 24% of youth of were employed in manufacturing industry, 17.6% of total youths work in whole sale and retail trade the formal sector, 15.2% of all youths are employed in education sector and while the Mining, electricity and gas industries employs smallest shares in the formal sector in Tanzania (Youth Business International Report, 2015)13.4% of youth unemployment in Tanzania compared to the overall unemployment rate is estimated to be at 11.7%, also 800,000 to 1,000,000 graduates from schools and colleges each year are coming to the labour market while opportunity of been employed is relatively small. (United Republic of Tanzania, 2014)“While the total unemployment rate in Tanzania has dropped from 11.7 percent in 2006 to 10.7 percent in 2011, youth unemployment is still an issue of great concern. More recently, there has been less foreign investment and development assistance from developed nations. Not only must the current global situation be taken into account, the fact that 800,000 to one million youth enter the Tanzanian labour force each year is not to be underestimated”. His Excellency Dr. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, President of the United Republic of Tanzania, his article on The Center of Global Health and Diplomacy. (TANZICT, 2015)
9.1 Overview of Researcher in YouthYouth in Tanzania have continued to be unemployed although the evidence shows that majority of them (800,000 to 1,000,000) enter the labour market per year, however most of them did not complete primary school, some have finished their primary school education but did not transition to secondary school, others went to secondary school but did not reach or finish Form IV, or proceed beyond ordinary level of education, i.e. colleges and universities. Many of them are unlikely to find a good paying job as the
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majority did not acquire the necessary skills to create and grow a successful enterprise. The questions may be, does education provided match with the skills of labour market which most employers need? For example in the southern highlands areas, youths are at higher risk of be infected with HIV.
10. GenderTanzania ranks 119th out of 148 countries on the UNDP’s 2013 gender inequality index. (USAID TANZANIA, 2014)75% of women are unpaid family workers, compared to 30% of their male counterparts. 52% of women’s time is devoted to reproductive activities compared to 32% of men’s in rural areas. 60% of women in comparison with 55% of men spend between 20 and 49 hours per week on productive activities. 25% of households in Tanzania are headed by women, about half of whom are widows. At primary school level, there is a 66% of gender gap in central area and 73% in western area of Tanzania between boys and girls. (FAO, 2014)35% of women aged 15-19 have secondary or higher education versus 39% of men aged 15-19. 17% of women do not make decision on how to use their earnings; rather it is made by their husbands/partners. 3% of men allow their wives to decide how their earnings will be used. 72% of women know that HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding and the risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) can be reduced by the mother taking special drugs during pregnancy, compared to 61% of men. 40% of married women do not participate in decision making regarding their own healthcare. (Key findings on gender, 2010 TDHS)The research conducted by Restless Development took a sample of 9 focus group discussions of 10 people each age of 15 - 24 in Dar es Salaam, Iringa, Mbeya and Ruvuma. The results show that 30% of young women and 10% of young men believe a husband is justified to beat his wife if she denies him sex in southern highlands. 62.3% of women and 68.5% of men are employed in agriculture in southern highland. (Restless Development Report, 2011)
10.1 Overview of Researcher in GenderGender issue in Tanzania still needed to be addressed, it seem most of the reproductive work and productive work is done by females. In addition, women are not given consideration with regards to decision making at the household in rural areas. This therefore affects the development of their families in productive and reproductive activities.
11. Partner mappingBelow is the information of the partner which Raleigh Tanzania has worked together with on their projects. It identifies their name, location, data and community selection tools which the partner uses to identify community needs.Table 1: partner mapping information
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Partner name and location Data Community selection toolsSustainable Environment Management Action (SEMA)LocationGeneral ManagerP. O BOX 365SEMA – SINGIDA.Email; [email protected] or [email protected]: - +255 26 250 2335Website: - www.sema.or.tz
Their main aim is to fight poverty and Environmental degradation in rural areas
They have been work in Tanzania for 17 year since 1998
Their current project:- Water projects
- Water Supply for Domestic and Production in Iramba and Mvomero
- Intergrated Water Resource Management at Wami/Ruvu and Internal Drainage Basin. Enhancement of Urban water Supply and Solid Waste Management.
- USAFI PROGRAMME (Hygiene Programme) at Nzega and Iramba Districts
- SWASH Project at Singida and Municipal, Iramba and Nzega District
Their current donors; WaterAid and Winrock Tanzania.
Publications; no publication available on their website
Use of participatory rural appraisal, MTUMBA Approach, and Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST)
Maji na Maendeleo Dodoma (MAMADO)LocationOrganization DirectorEmail:[email protected] BOX 3119DODOMAEmails:- [email protected], [email protected]:- www.mamado.org
Their main aim is to provide sustainable water supply, health education and sanitation services
They have been work in Tanzania for 15 years since 2000
Their current project:- Water projects
- Clean Water for School Phase IV
- School Water and Sanitation Project Chololo Eco Village Project
- Community
Participatory rural appraisal
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Water Supply Project
- School Water and Sanitation Project
Their current donors:- WaterCan, HAT, European Union, WaterAid Tanzania and Body shop Foundation of UK
Diocese of Mbulu Development Department (DMDD)LocationContactsP.O BOX 179MBULU, MANYARAPhone:-Email: - [email protected]
Their main aim is to promote sustainable development, water supplies and sanitation services
They have been working in Tanzania since 1995
Their current project is based on WASH
Their donors:- Mesereor, CAFOD, Water Aid Tanzania and Catholic Relief Services (CRS)
Use of participatory rural appraisal in identify community needs such as
- Resource mapping
- Transect walk
- Historical tools
- Venn diagram
Health Action Promotion Association (HAPA)LocationContactsP.O BOX 1013SINGIDAPhone:- +255 26 250 2499Email:- [email protected]:- www.hapa-singida.org
Their aim is to provide support to Community initiated efforts that’s health development, education and good governance
They have been work here since 2001
Their project; water, environmental and sanitation, education and software
Donors;- WaterAid, Sustainable Environment Management Action (SEMA), Community Development Trust Fund (CDTF), CARITAS, Malezi Society, Co-operative college Singida Wing, WGCC
Publication:- no publication on their website.
Participatory rural appraisal and Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST)
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Save the childrenLocationContactsP.O BOX 10414DAR ES SALAAMTel: +255 22 27 01 725Email:- [email protected]:- https://tanzania.savethechildren.net
Their main aims are to ensure that every child attains right to survival, protection, development and participation.
They have been work here since 1994
Their projects:- Child Protection, Health, Nutrition, Child Rights Governance, Education, Food Security and Livelihoods.
Donors:- PANITA, Publications, published on
their website “Analysis Of Performance And Utilization Of Kangaroo Mother C”
Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST)
Sanitation and Water Action (SAWA)LocationCharles ZachariaExecutive DirectorP.O BOX 42407DAR ES SALAAMTel: +255 (0) 2863537Cell: +255 754 621265Email: - [email protected]: - [email protected]
Their main aim is to support rural and urban communities to access clean and safe water.
They have been work here since 2009
Their projects: - capacity building, water supply and environmental sanitation and hygiene promotion.
Donors:- WaterAid, UNICEF, WINROCK International, Catholic Relief Service
Publications no publication on their website
For assessment of school WASH status – Toolkit one from the SWASH guidelines.
For community – assessment of sanitation status is using sanitation registers to capture status of coverage
12. Beneficiary needs data (Raleigh and Partner)
12.1 Raleigh and SAWA- 70 volunteers from Raleigh complete infrastructure development including
trench digging (8km) from River Wami and lying of water pipes to get water into the water tank in Batini Village, Gongon and Mbuyun village in Morogoro which would benefit over 4,700 people.
- Improving WASH services in 9 schools through rehabilitation/ new construction of latrines, which benefits 14,241 pupils.
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SAWA Progress Report, 2013 - 2014
12.2 Raleigh and DMDD- Quite a number of women participates in political campaign meetings; for instance at
Endagikot ward. This has increased from an average of 70 women to 108 women, which is an increase of 64%.
- Shared gender roles in schools by boys and girls; for instance cleanness of teachers’ offices and classrooms, whereby both girls and boys share in mopping the classrooms and teachers’ office, with the aim of eventually reducing the mentality of cleaning being solely a woman’s role.DMDD Report 2015
12.3 Raleigh and EADD- 185 people out of 2857 of the whole population in Nundu village which 6.4% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.- 220 people out of 3000 of the whole population in Itulike – Amani which is 7.33% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.- 430 people out of 2500 of the whole population in Nyumbanitu village which 17.2% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.- 400 people out of 3000of the whole population in Ibumila village which 13.3% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.- 300 people out of 1694 of the whole population in Lusitu village which 17.7% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.- 150 people out of 9000 of the whole population in Makandana village which 1.66% have
attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.Team Debrief Tools Reports from Njombe, 2015
- 300 people out of 3228 of the whole population in Ilolo village, Rungwe District Mbeya which is 9.29% have attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.
- 350 people out of 1171 of the whole population in Lulasi village, Rungwe District Mbeya which is 30% have attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.
- 164 people out of 1200 of the whole population in Mibula village, Rungwe District Mbeya which is 14% have attended awareness raising and benefited from entrepreneurship training program.Team Debrief Tool Reports from Rungwe District Mbeya, 2015
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13. Outcomes and impact of Raleigh projects (Non ICS)These are the outcomes and impacts of Raleigh projects that are Non International Citizen Society (Non ICS). The Raleigh Expedition programs are based on WASH projects in different regions of Tanzania where Raleigh works with the support of Project Partners. It shows the successful use of Young volunteers both Local and International in the implementation of those projects, which contributed to these outcomes and impacts.Figure 5: Outcomes and impact of Raleigh projects (Non ICS)
Outcome1. Added value to gender in the community in participatory decisions at family
and community levels.Raleigh and Gender in Mbulu, DMDD Report 2015
2. Local people adopt new practices of hand washing. Final Team Debrief of Silaloda shows that;
- 25% of the community members reached through engaging in each awareness-raising event.
Quote“Give a man a bar of soap and he will wash his hands, teach a man to use a tippy-tap and he will wash his hands for life” – Beatrice.Team Debrief Report, Silaloda Mbulu Manyara 2015.
3. Local people know the importance of nutrition in school and safe hygiene practice.
- 6% of individuals in the community increase in understanding nutrition.Quote“The prospect of their children having a nutritious lunch at school will also serve as incentive to members of the community who do not yet see sending their children to school as being beneficial. Some parents were previously afraid that their children would not be fed at school”. Uluselina Kombe, one of community member in Kiwe village.Team Debrief Report, Kiwe Iringa 2015
4. Increase number of people in the community with understanding importance of Early childhood Education (ECD)
- More than 90 parents so far have expressed interest in sending their children to the ECD
Team Debrief Report, Chibe Shinyanga 20155. Spread of knowledge of hand washing and tippy tap built in school and in
community. Final survey shows that;- 100% of children now know how to use a tippy tap, with 86% of
children knowing at least 7 out of the 8 steps of washing their hands.Team Debrief Report, Hayderer Mbulu Manyara 2015
Quote“The project and mural will be sustainable. The school staff have been organised so that the tippy taps will be maintained and the responsibility passed to the children”. Madame Amina, Deputy Head teacher of the schoolTeam Debrief Report, Hayderer Mbulu Manyara 2015.Impacts
1. 54% of women participates in political campaign meetings; for instance at Endagikot ward.
Raleigh and Gender in Mbulu, DMDD Report 2015
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2. In many communities, people are free from water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, eye defection and other.
3. Change of hygiene behaviour in the community.Team Debrief Report, Endagikot Mbulu 2015Quote"Yes very much, this has been great for our school and for the people of the community. To see you all working and living alongside us has made our community feel valued. It has also raised the profile of our school and has given it a lot of positive attention over the last couple of weeks. The children love singing the hand washing song and I think it will live on for a long time, as it's very catchy and also the words are on the mural. I think that the latrine will be finished too as the community are energised by having you all work with us, and they will want to see it finished." Madam Mayo, Headmistress of Endagikot primary schoolTeam Debrief Report, Endagikot Mbulu 2015
4. Inspire community with global knowledge especially the youth, women and young generations about global goals, previous it was Millennium Development Goals current it change.- 30 students from Bishop Nkola Secondary school were taught about Active
Citizenship, gender equality and youth are the agent of changes in their community as well as other interesting to volunteering with Raleigh Tanzania.
Team Debrief Report, Chibe Shinyanga 2015.
14. Feedback and monitoring informationBelow is the feedback and monitoring information of across thematic areas of WASH, Community resilience, Youth and Gender where Raleigh operates its project with project partners. This feedback shows the achievements of Raleigh’s work here in Tanzania and how community members have benefited from it.Figure 6: Feedback and monitoring information
Project Feedback and MonitoringAREAS OF WASH 415 out of 532 awareness raising campaign with
aim of promotion towards WASH literature and knowledge among their target audience, that remain 117 awareness campaigns.
Across the 40 project there has been a 20% increase in understanding of health and sanitation of targeted individuals / groups in 32 communities across 7 regions in Tanzania.
942 Tippy Taps constructed in 32 communities across 7 regions in Tanzania.
44,922 people out of population of 140,383 across 32 communities have attended the ICS awareness raising activities with an average of 32% attendance across the 40 projects from the community population.Project Debrief Tool, ICS Tanzania July 2015
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80% of the people in Batini village in Morogoro in 32 communities across 7 regions in Tanzania understand the benefits of improve toilet.
Less than 50% of the people in 32 communities across 7 regions in Tanzania understand some key steps of washing hand.ICS 1 Evaluation Report, 2015
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
Number of people with knowledge of developing business plans and secure loans
13 entrepreneurs out of 18 who completed the programme with business plans created
7 for Raleigh loans and 6 applying to SACCOS.
7 entrepreneurs secure Raleigh loans of 400’000 TShs each and 6 secure SACCOs loans of 500,000 TShs.
81% were women who secure loans from Raleigh and SACCOs in Nundu village, Njombe.
8 out of 10 entrepreneurs who pitched were funded, each 400,000 shillings in Nyumbanitu village, Njombe.
9 entrepreneurs out of 15 who graduated from the programme, but only 25% were female in Nyumbanitu village, Njombe.
11 entrepreneurs completed the programme to the point of business plans development with 10 of them pitching for funding (50% female) in Ibumila village, Njombe.
18 entrepreneurs completed the programme and 12 entrepreneurs applied for funding in Makandana, Njombe.
12 entrepreneurs completed the programme with business plans created within targeted group and applying for SACCO loans in Lusitu village, Njombe.
10 business plans successfully received a loan from the local SACCO / Co-operative.
Team Debrief tools Reports Njombe, ICSE August 2015. 6 entrepreneurs have a good chance of gaining
funding from a private investor from Germany in Ilolo village, Rungwe Mbeya.
6 entrepreneurs financed by Raleigh & EADD (4 individuals securing 400,000 TSH each, one pair securing 800,000 TSH and another pair securing 650,000 TSH, as required).
14 entrepreneurs developed business plans (78% female) in Mibula village, Rungwe Mbeya.
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Team Debrief tools Report, ICSE Rungwe District Mbeya August 2015.
YOUTH 18 youth (18-35) attended the training (61% women) in Lusitu village, Njombe.
Team Debrief tools Reports Njombe, ICSE August 2015. 11 youth entrepreneurs, 1 male and 10 female
were participated in entrepreneurship session in Lulasi village, Rungwe Mbeya.
Team Debrief tools Report, ICSE Rungwe District Mbeya August 2015.
38 numbers of youth groups established across the 40 project, although there has been none established in 4 of the 32 communities.
Project Debrief Tool, ICS Tanzania July 2015GENDER 7 male and 8 female out of 15 entrepreneurs
participate on entrepreneur training in Ibumila village, Njombe.
43% of female in Nyumbanitu and Lusitu village graduated from the entrepreneurship training program conducted in Njombe.
65.5% of female in Ibumila and Nundu village able to secure funds from Raleigh and SACCOs in Njombe.
Team Debrief tools Reports Njombe, ICSE August 2015.
14 entrepreneurs completed the programme, 70% of entrepreneurs who won funding were female in Ilolo village, Rungwe Mbeya.
11 out of 18 entrepreneurs completed the training programme (63% female) in Mibula village, Rungwe Mbeya.
74% of female in Ilolo and Mibula village able to secure funds from Raleigh and SACCOs in Rungwe District Mbeya.
Team Debrief tools Report, ICSE Rungwe District Mbeya August 2015.
17. Review information from other countries
17.1 Nicaraguans case study The fully involvement of ICS volunteers living in the local communities, deliver
various training and ensure the participation of young people and women in the communities on FESCA and CAPs had success with the WASH program in Nicaragua.
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(JigSaw Consult 2015) 42% of beneficiaries spoken to in the Jigsaw Independent Consultation report said
that “they most appreciated ICS Volunteers lived with them in the community identify the true needs and ensure any engagement is fully contextualized and appropriate”.(JigSaw Consult, 2015 Pg 15)
28% of beneficiaries spoken to by Jigsaw states that there are “greater participation of women and young people within community organization” FESCA promoters 70% of promoters were women and young people.40% of CAPs committee members being both women and young people. (JigSaw, 2015 Pg 16)“Being a FECSA promoter is an honour and gives me a purpose in the community. I feel like I’m contributing to improving the lives of those around me and I’m thrilled to have this opportunity”. (Dania Yubelkis Moreno Chavarria a community member of San Jose) (JigSaw Consult, 2015 Pg 13)
Raleigh in Nicaragua works through long term partnerships with local organizations. These organizations are helping to ensure sustainable intervention. They spend a long time assessing the needs, listening to the communities and develop a plan together. (JigSaw Consult 2015)
Raleigh in Nicaragua work in communities for more than one cycle of volunteers.This ensures that a good level of relationship is built enhancing the ability of Raleigh to equip the community members to be able to take ownership of the project.
The formation of groups of women and youth stand alone on training sessions and awareness raising like formation of CAPs.“Raleigh’s involvement in helping to establish CAPS has had a big impact in El Rodeo. CAPS do a lot of activities in the communities. They look after everyone and ensure that everyone has access to water and that it’s a good quality. They support people to have access to good sanitation facilities and also help to promote good health and hygiene practices. I feel very honoured to be a part of this committee and to support my community in this way”. – (Rito Gonzalez, El Rodeo).(JigSaw Consult, 2015 Pg 20)
18. Potential donors and corporate organization Potential donors are the funders or provider of fund which will be used to execute community projects or any project. Corporate organizations may be interested in working with other organisations with the same vision, mission and even projects other organisations do. Potential donors and corporate organisations who may be interested in working with Raleigh Tanzania are listed in the table below.Table 2 Potentials donors and corporate organization.
Donors Corporate organizationInternational Tree FoundationMayfield House
Catholic Relief Services in Tanzania P.O. Box 34701,
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256 Banbury RoadOxford OX2 7DETel: 01865 318836Website:-Why ITF
Education programme for schools which aims to support teachers and schools to inspire new generations about the local and global importance of trees and forests. Fund can be obtained if we have the strategies of natural resource management start from primary schools.
Dar Es Salaam 2774059 +255 (22) 2773141/4273Why Catholic Relief services Tanzania
They work to enable community with access of clean water supply and improved sanitation.
Winrock InternationalARKANSAS2101 Riverfront DriveLittle Rock, Arkansas 72202Phone: +1 501 280 3000Fax: +1 501 280 3090
VIRGINIA2121 Crystal Drive, Suite 500Arlington, Virginia 22202Phone: +1 703 302 6500Fax: +1 703 302 6512Why Winrock International
Their based on our programmatic areas of work in natural resource management, gender youth and WASH
Tanzania Forest Conservation GroupPlot No. 323, Msasani Village,Old Bagamoyo RoadP.O. Box 23410,Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255 22 2669007Email: [email protected]: www.tfcg.orgWhy Tanzania Forest Conservation Group
Base on their vision and mission in conservation and restore the biodiversity of the globally important forests in Tanzania for the benefits of the present and future generations. We will use this organisation to work in our future project of Natural resource management.
They are working on Eastern Arc Mountain and Coastal forests, areas are highly in danger of extinction and as well as in we will provide environmental education and participate in tree nursery with our volunteers. West Usambara Mountains, East Usambara Mountains, South Nguru Mountains, Uluguru Mountains, Rubeho Mountains, Uzungwa Scarp Forests and Mufindi's Forests
They are based on our programmatic areas of work.
WaterAid47 – 49 Durham StreetLondonSE11 5JDUnited KingdomEmail: [email protected]:- http://www.wateraid.org/Why WaterAid
Their based on our main programmatic area of WASH project
AfricareCountry Director, Africare Tanzania116GaluStreet,AdaEstate-KinondoniP.O. Box63187,DaresSalaam,TanzaniaTel: + 255 22 2666 690Mobile:+255 783 303 162Fax: +255 22 2667 662Email: [email protected]: www.africare.orgWhy Africare
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which is very challenging in most of the rural areas in Tanzania.
Base on vision, mission and their projects base on water, sanitation and hygiene, climate change and adaptation, youth and women empowerment in provision of education and other to build sustainable development of the community.
Their coverage and areas they operate their projects in Dodoma, Morogoro, Manyara, Mara, Rukwa, Iringa, Mtwara and Dar es Salaam.
World Bank1818 H Street, NWWashington, DC 20433Phone: (202) 473-1000Fax: (202) 477-6391Why World Bank
The International Development Association (IDA) is the World Bank's fund for the poorest, which support gender, poverty, natural resource management.
Plan International TanzaniaP O Box 3517 Dar es SalaamTel: +255 22 277 3264/72 IFax: + 255 22 277 3256Why Plan International Tanzania
Work to improving access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene and inspiring communities to stop open-air defecation through community-led total sanitation.
Promotes Early Childhood Care and Development and pre-primary education as a significant entry point to build the foundation of social and healthy development, including promotion of good parenting skills with gender equality in child caring.
Their region of work Dar es Salaam, Coast, Mwanza, Geita, Dodoma, Rukwa and Morogoro.
NOTE: - We can continue and review the MOU of the previous partner organization to work together in future such as SEMA, MAMADO, SHIPO, DMDD, and HAPA as to build long relationship.
IPP MEDIAITV - Independent Television LtdMikocheni Light Industrial AreaP.O. Box 4374Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255-22-2775914/6Fax:+255-22-2775915Email: [email protected]
East Africa Television LtdMikocheni Light Industrial AreaP.O.Box 4374Dar es salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255-22-2775914/6Fax:+255-22-2772752Email: [email protected] this IPP Media
Based on Raleigh Tanzania
Mwika Development Trust Fund (MWIDEFU)ContactChairman - Sadikiel [email protected] Public Relations - Young Kimaro [email protected]: KilimanjaroWebsite: https://mwidefu.wordpress.com/Why Mwidefu
To bring development to people and using volunteers to run their projects like environmental projects, microfinance project, diary project and mentoring project.
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programmatic areas of Youth and Entrepreneurs negotiate as well as discuss with Executive Director, Mr Reginald Mengi on the way forward for the Youth alumni to present their pitch of entrepreneurs’ project (selling their idea in oral and written) to be broadcast to his television programs, so as to support in get fund from local Tanzanians.
Tanzania Development Trust (TDT)ContactThrough email: [email protected],Why TDT
They provide small grants into different projects.
Social Awareness and live support (SALISU)Email address: [email protected] number: +255753362958Songea, TanzaniaWhy SALISU
Focus on Hunger and Poverty Eradication, Environmental Conservation and Women Development Affairs
Christian Education and Development OrganizationContactContact name: Mr. Japhet Aloyce KalegeyaContact title: Executive DirectorTel no: +255 755 565 893P O Box 545NzegaEmail: [email protected] CEDO
Main activities focused on environment conservations, policies forum, Human rights, Health in general, Governance, agriculture and livestock\Nutrition, Education, Gender, and researches.
19. Challenges
19.1 Challenges facing communities- Tanzanian communities are still faced with challenges of access to safe water and
sanitation and water borne diseases like diarrhoea and typhoid. Poverty is still another factor which undermines Tanzanian communities because they are not reached by social services and other economic opportunities; this in turn leaves behind rural youth from economic development.
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19.2 Challenges facing Raleigh Tanzania
19.2.1 in CommunitiesCommunity members may expect Raleigh Tanzania, to address their challenges by implementing more than one project. For example Raleigh may be building a school latrine but the community may also have other problems involving access to water, however Raleigh Tanzania cannot go beyond the specification planned by the project partner.
19.2.2 With Project partnerThere may be several causes delaying implementation of projects For example it may be caused by delay of disbursement of fund by donor and Local fund (Builder) as the Project partner may be working on two project sites.Links between Project Partner and Raleigh Tanzania may end after the project has finished which could impact the level of feedback given on the project.
19.2.3 VolunteersVolunteers expecting to achieve more during their time at project site and being unable to implement the project during the 5 weeks or 8 weeks.
20. Recommendations Build long term relationship between Raleigh Tanzania and any other project
partner/organization for implementing projects. Where possible, execute the project alone or seek funds from different donors. Establish a good links between Raleigh and local governments such as at district and
council level, and increase awareness of Raleigh in the communities Community volunteers who come from the same areas where projects are
implemented, especially Youth can raise more awareness and participation of Youth in the community which may encourage them to participate in different development activities.
Raleigh should make sure that the project are implemented to the demands of the community, this will help to ensure more community participation and bring sense of ownership hence lead to successfully of the project.
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