Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland State University

Cuyahoga Community CollegeKent State University

Youngstown State University

Present

Research Poster Conference

Sunday, April 15, 2018Youngstown State University

Kilcawley Center

We would like to acknowledge the time and effort of everyone who volunteered to act as judges for the posters. The organizers and students thank you for your attention and consideration.

In addition, the contributions of the following faculty, staff, and administrators to the Choose Ohio First Scholarship Program and this year’s Choose Ohio First Research PosterConference are gratefully acknowledged.

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Amanda Maxwell, Ohio Department of Higher EducationChris Butler, Case Western Reserve University

Teresa Contenza, Case Western Reserve UniversityKara D’Angelos, Cleveland State UniversityKendra Helfrich, Cleveland State University

Barbara Margolius, Cleveland State UniversityKiril Streletzky, Cleveland State UniversityPam Ellison, Cuyahoga Community College

Herb Mausser, Cuyahoga Community CollegeVanitha Parameswaran, Cuyahoga Community College

Cathleen Rossman, Cuyahoga Community CollegeDarci Kracht, Kent State UniversityTuyet Pham, Kent State University

Jenya Soprunova, Kent State UniversityEmilie Eberth, Youngstown State University

Stephen Rodabaugh, Youngstown State University Thomas Wakefield, Youngstown State University

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ScheduleofEvents

12:00–12:45p.m.

Check-In–UpperLevel,CafaroLobbyPosterSet-up–LowerLevel,ChestnutRoomExtension/ThomsonFountainCommonsBoxLunchPickup–LowerLevel,Wendy’sLunch–seatinginvariouslocationsinsideandoutsideStudentCenter

12:15–12:45p.m.

JudgesOrientationandLunchUpperLevel,OhioRoom

12:50–1:50p.m.

SessionA–PosterPresentationsLowerLevel,ChestnutRoomExtension/ThomsonFountainCommons

2:00–3:00p.m.

SessionB–PostersPresentationsLowerLevel,ChestnutRoomExtension/ThomsonFountainCommons

3:00–4:00p.m.

Judges’MeetingUpperLevel,OhioRoom

3:10–4:00p.m.

“TheImpactandImportanceofResearchandInnovation”–PanelDiscussionLowerLevel,ChestnutRoom

4:15–4:45p.m.

RecognitionCeremonyLowerLevel,ChestnutRoomExtension

4:45–5:00p.m.

PosterTake-DownbyStudentTeamsandDepartureCleanup

AT&TWiFiAccessToaccesstheAT&TWi-Fi,completethefollowingsteps:

1) ConnecttotheAT&TWi-Fi2) Underthegetconnectedtotheinternet,select“Ihaveacoupon”3) EntertheCode:WP38-MANK-W4

Look for this penguin image on the Kilcawley map.

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KilcawleyCenterMap

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PanelDiscussionTheImpactandImportanceofResearchandInnovation

Dr.PeymanGivi,UniversityofPittsburgh

Dr.PeymanGiviisDistinguishedProfessor,andtheJamesT.MacLeodProfessorof Mechanical & Petroleum Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh.Previously he held the position of Distinguished Professor of AerospaceEngineeringatSUNY-Buffalo.Hehasalsohadfrequentvisitingappointmentsatthe NASA Langley and Glenn (Lewis) centers, and received the NASA PublicServiceMedal(2005).Dr.Givi is among the first 15 engineeringprofessorswho received theWhiteHousePresidentialFacultyFellowshipfromPresidentGeorgeH.W.Bush.HeisFellow of AAAS, AIAA, APS and ASME andwas named ASME Engineer of theYear2007inPittsburgh.HeistheDeputyEditorofAIAAJournalandservesontheeditorialboardsofseveralotherpublications.AnalumnusofSTEM-YSU(BEinMechanicalEngineering),hereceivedhisMSandPhDfromCarnegieMellonUniversity.

ElliottReed,NortheastOhioMedicalUniversity/REDIzone

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PanelDiscussionTheImpactandImportanceofResearchandInnovation

Dr.PeymanGivi,UniversityofPittsburgh

Dr.PeymanGiviisDistinguishedProfessor,andtheJamesT.MacLeodProfessorof Mechanical & Petroleum Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh.Previously he held the position of Distinguished Professor of AerospaceEngineeringatSUNY-Buffalo.Hehasalsohadfrequentvisitingappointmentsatthe NASA Langley and Glenn (Lewis) centers, and received the NASA PublicServiceMedal(2005).Dr.Givi is among the first 15 engineeringprofessorswho received theWhiteHousePresidentialFacultyFellowshipfromPresidentGeorgeH.W.Bush.HeisFellow of AAAS, AIAA, APS and ASME andwas named ASME Engineer of theYear2007inPittsburgh.HeistheDeputyEditorofAIAAJournalandservesontheeditorialboardsofseveralotherpublications.AnalumnusofSTEM-YSU(BEinMechanicalEngineering),hereceivedhisMSandPhDfromCarnegieMellonUniversity.

ElliottReed,NortheastOhioMedicalUniversity/REDIzone

Elliot Reed, has been involved in the commercialization of over 20 university and research institution patents. At NEOMED, he serves as the Program Manager for the REDIzone business incubator, Entrepreneur in Residence, and as a Graduate Facul-ty member of the College of Graduate Studies. Prior to NEOMED, he was running two orthopedic-focused medical device companies as CEO for 9 years. Additional-ly, he served in the technology transfer office at Los Alamos National Laboratory and supported the translation of over 15 early-stage disruptive technologies. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Microbiology from Arizona State University and a Masters of Business Administration and Juris Doctor from Case Western Reserve University

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POSTERABSTRACTSBasicandMedicalSciences

1A Pathogenicmechanismofepilepsy-associatedgamma-aminobutyrictypeAreceptors

AngelaWhittsette,OmarMahmoud,OmarSumrain,NadiaCaseWesternReserveUniversity TingweiMu,Mentor

Recentadvancesingeneticsidentifiedmanymutationsingamma-aminobutyrictypeA(GABAA)receptorsthatareassociatedwithIdiopathicEpilepsy.SuchmutationsleadtolossoftheirfunctiononthePManddisruptneuralcircuits.Weidentifiedmutationsthatleadtotheirmisfoldingandexcessiveproteindegradationincellsandlossoftheirproteinlevels,theplasmamembrane.Weusedcellularassaysthatevaluateproteinaggregationandproteinlevelstofindoutcausesofepilepsy-associatedmutantgamma2subunits.Intheexperimentweculturedhumanembryonickidneycells(HEK293cells),expressedGABAAreceptorvariantsinHEK293cellsbytransfection,performedSDS-PAGEproteinelectrophoresis,andconcludedwithaWesternblotanalysis.Wedemonstratedthattwospecificmutationsingamma2subunits,R177GandG257R,causedexcessivemisfoldingofthemutantsubunits.

2B TheeffectsofroadsaltrunoffonseedgerminationDanLondrico,JoshuaRyan

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.AndrewResnick,MentorHalite rock salt is frequentlyused inareas thatexperience largeamountsof snow,asameans tomelt ice,making iteasiertoclearandcleanroadways.Muchofthisrocksaltisusuallypickedupasrunoff,whereitcanmakeitswayintothelocalsoil,andaffectthelocalenvironment.Fromhereitcaninteractwithrootsystemsandproduceadverseeffectsinthelocalplantlife.Becauseofthis,anexperimentwasputtogethertotesttheeffectsofthisonseedgermination.Research has shown that different plants can have different tolerances for sodium chloride, so to encompass thisspectrum of tolerances, four different plants were chosen, with different tolerances, ranging from low, tomoderate/high,inordertodevelopabroadersenseoftheeffectswhichusinghalitehasonthelocalenvironment.

3A 3DBio-PrintingofMuscleTissueAshleyLabatte,SreyaBrahmandam,EvanLeek,AllisonRea,RandahAbuhashim

YoungstownStateUniversity DrGaryWalker,MentorMyoblasts,Myogenicstemcellsarecapableofdifferentiating into functioningcontractilemyocytes (muscle fibers). Inskeletalmuscle,myocytesarealigned inparallelarrays.Thisallowsforcontraction inonlyonedirection,allmyocytesworkingtogethercollectivelytoprovidecontractileforceinafunctionalmanner.Thisgeometrycannotbeachievedbytraditionalculturingmethods.Bio-Printingoffersamethodofachievingthisgeometry,aligningcellsinparallelarraysinculture.UsingtheInkredible®bio-printertoprintoutgridlikestructurescontainingmyoblastsallowsustocontrolthetissue geometry. In order to confirm we have live muscle tissue we utilize a number of assays: nuclear staining toobserve the present nuclear morphology by microscopy, scanning electron microscopy to observe structure of thematrix,qPCRtoaccessbiologicalfunction.

4B ACEsinRelationtoBehavioralHealthScreeningToolsAshleyAmendol,HannahHaynie,IsnaKhaliq,SamanthaKoullias,KonnorMcCoy

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.RonaldDwinnells,MentorAdverseChildhoodExperiences,orACEs,haveatremendousimpactonlifelonghealth:physicalandbehavioral,aswellasfutureviolencevictimizationandperpetration.Assuch,ACEsarean importantpublichealth issuebeingthefastestgrowinghealthconcerninthecountry.However,mostpeopleareunawarethattheyexist.OurgrouphypothesizedthatACEs scores would correspond with behavioral health screening toolsmeasuring depression, addiction, and trauma.After collecting the behavioral health history from 100 adult patients, a correlation was commonly present. Theimportance of individuals seeking help to overcome trauma and develop resiliency is crucial but not limited to,combattingfuturehealth issuessuchasphysical illnessormental illness (includingaddiction)whichmay leadtoearlydeath.

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5A CommonIliacAneurysmsLaurenSatterlee

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Prof.BassemAl-Kaimari,MentorAcasestudyoncommoniliacaneurysmsandhowtheyarediagnosedandcommonlytreatedispresented.Aneurysmsareaweakeningofthewallsofanarterythatcanoccurinmanydifferentareasofthebody.Thecommoniliacarteriesare located in thepelvis, bifurcating from the abdominal aorta. Treatmentof common iliac aneurysmsmay include:controllingriskfactors;closemonitoring;and/orsurgicalrepair/stenting.

6B ImprovingParamedicCardiologyTraining QuintenHutchison,PaulPalumbo

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Paramedic students spend approximately one quarter of their training learning cardiology and EKG rhythminterpretation.Currently, thenumberofuniqueEKGs,particularly rareorhighly lethal rhythms, is limited.Becauseofthis,studentsmustcontinuallytrainonthesamesetofcommonEKGsthroughouttheirentiremulti-monthcardiologyunit, and receive little to no training for rarer rhythms. Anothermajor issue is the dissimilarity in cleanliness andreadabilitybetweentherelativelyclean,andpolishedtrainingEKGsandthoseencounteredinthefield,thatareoftendirtyandfullofbackgroundnoise.Becauseofthesemajordiscrepancies,newparamedicsareoftenoverwhelmedwhentheyfirstencounteranEKGinthefield.

7A ConstructionofFluorinatedMetalOrganicFrameworksSamuelDickson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DouglasGenna,MentorConstructionofMetalOrganicFrameworkshasbeenontheforefrontofresearchoverthepastfewdecadesduetotheirversatility inmedicine and engineering. Fluorinated linkers that are connected to themetal nodes would givemorefunctionalpossibilitiestotheframeworkand,thus,havebeenthecentralpurposeofthisresearch.Detailswillbegiventohow the linkerswere synthesizeddue to thedifficulty it presented, followedby the synthesisdetailsof themetalorganicframeworkthatfollowed.

8B BrainActivationAcrossTimbreinMusiciansandNon-MusiciansNicholasBryson,TaylorCatri-Eakes

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.TatianaGracyk,MentorTimbreisacharacteristicofsoundperceptionthataidsintheidentificationofsoundqualityandsource.Whenasoundisidenticalinothercharacteristicsofitsenvelope,timbreisthedefiningfeaturethathelpsdistinguishit.Itistimbrethatallows a listener to hear the difference in sound source when both a trombone and a trumpet play the same notesimultaneously.Timbrecanbeunderstoodasthereasonwedistinguishbetweenthehowlofthewind,andthewhistleofapasserby.Therehavebeennumerousstudiesassociatedwith researchonsoundperception;however, therehasbeen limited research on the specific influence that timbre has on brain activation in sound perception. In thispresentation,wewillbegoingoverthecurrentresearchthathasbeendoneonbrainactivationintimbre,andwhatstillneedstobedone.

9A ExplorationoftheSensitivityandVisualFieldofAfricanClawedFrogstoVisualandLateralLineStimuli.MarcusLard,MadisonSpahlinger

ClevelandStateUniversity JeffreyDean,MentorThisposterdealswith researchperformedupon theAfricanClawedFrog,Xenopus laevis, insideofanaquatic testingtank.Thetestingonthefrogs focusesoneitherthe lateral linesystemorthevisualsystem.TheprimaryfocusofthisresearchistestingthevisualsystemoftheAfricanClawedFrog,beingitseyes.Themaingoalforthisresearchwastoexploretheoriginalhypothesissetpriortotesting.Thehypothesiswastestedusingatestingarenawithfourplexiglassrods,twoclearandtwoblackmarked,hangingabovethewater.Itwashypothesizedthatthefrogswouldnotbeabletoseethecompletelyclearrodsandwouldnotrespondtothem.Inaddition,itwashypothesizedthatthefrogswouldnotrespond to visual stimuli released towards their posterior and stimuli at larger distances. The rodswere released inmultipledifferentdistancesandanglesrelativetothefrog.

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5A CommonIliacAneurysmsLaurenSatterlee

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Prof.BassemAl-Kaimari,MentorAcasestudyoncommoniliacaneurysmsandhowtheyarediagnosedandcommonlytreatedispresented.Aneurysmsareaweakeningofthewallsofanarterythatcanoccurinmanydifferentareasofthebody.Thecommoniliacarteriesare located in thepelvis, bifurcating from the abdominal aorta. Treatmentof common iliac aneurysmsmay include:controllingriskfactors;closemonitoring;and/orsurgicalrepair/stenting.

6B ImprovingParamedicCardiologyTraining QuintenHutchison,PaulPalumbo

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Paramedic students spend approximately one quarter of their training learning cardiology and EKG rhythminterpretation.Currently, thenumberofuniqueEKGs,particularly rareorhighly lethal rhythms, is limited.Becauseofthis,studentsmustcontinuallytrainonthesamesetofcommonEKGsthroughouttheirentiremulti-monthcardiologyunit, and receive little to no training for rarer rhythms. Anothermajor issue is the dissimilarity in cleanliness andreadabilitybetweentherelativelyclean,andpolishedtrainingEKGsandthoseencounteredinthefield,thatareoftendirtyandfullofbackgroundnoise.Becauseofthesemajordiscrepancies,newparamedicsareoftenoverwhelmedwhentheyfirstencounteranEKGinthefield.

7A ConstructionofFluorinatedMetalOrganicFrameworksSamuelDickson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DouglasGenna,MentorConstructionofMetalOrganicFrameworkshasbeenontheforefrontofresearchoverthepastfewdecadesduetotheirversatility inmedicine and engineering. Fluorinated linkers that are connected to themetal nodes would givemorefunctionalpossibilitiestotheframeworkand,thus,havebeenthecentralpurposeofthisresearch.Detailswillbegiventohow the linkerswere synthesizeddue to thedifficulty it presented, followedby the synthesisdetailsof themetalorganicframeworkthatfollowed.

8B BrainActivationAcrossTimbreinMusiciansandNon-MusiciansNicholasBryson,TaylorCatri-Eakes

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.TatianaGracyk,MentorTimbreisacharacteristicofsoundperceptionthataidsintheidentificationofsoundqualityandsource.Whenasoundisidenticalinothercharacteristicsofitsenvelope,timbreisthedefiningfeaturethathelpsdistinguishit.Itistimbrethatallows a listener to hear the difference in sound source when both a trombone and a trumpet play the same notesimultaneously.Timbrecanbeunderstoodasthereasonwedistinguishbetweenthehowlofthewind,andthewhistleofapasserby.Therehavebeennumerousstudiesassociatedwith researchonsoundperception;however, therehasbeen limited research on the specific influence that timbre has on brain activation in sound perception. In thispresentation,wewillbegoingoverthecurrentresearchthathasbeendoneonbrainactivationintimbre,andwhatstillneedstobedone.

9A ExplorationoftheSensitivityandVisualFieldofAfricanClawedFrogstoVisualandLateralLineStimuli.MarcusLard,MadisonSpahlinger

ClevelandStateUniversity JeffreyDean,MentorThisposterdealswith researchperformedupon theAfricanClawedFrog,Xenopus laevis, insideofanaquatic testingtank.Thetestingonthefrogs focusesoneitherthe lateral linesystemorthevisualsystem.TheprimaryfocusofthisresearchistestingthevisualsystemoftheAfricanClawedFrog,beingitseyes.Themaingoalforthisresearchwastoexploretheoriginalhypothesissetpriortotesting.Thehypothesiswastestedusingatestingarenawithfourplexiglassrods,twoclearandtwoblackmarked,hangingabovethewater.Itwashypothesizedthatthefrogswouldnotbeabletoseethecompletelyclearrodsandwouldnotrespondtothem.Inaddition,itwashypothesizedthatthefrogswouldnotrespond to visual stimuli released towards their posterior and stimuli at larger distances. The rodswere released inmultipledifferentdistancesandanglesrelativetothefrog.

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10B TheNegativeEffectsofSleepDeprivationGageFaison,PolinaBufogle

CuyahogaCommunityCollege CathleenRossman,VanithaParameswaran,MentorsSleepdeprivationisnolaughingmatter,everyyearmillionsofAmericansareaffectedbythesavagecondition.ItisalsoblamedformanymajordisasterssuchastheChernobylnucleardisasterandgroundingoftheExxonValdezoilfreighter.Somethingevenscariertonormalpeopleisstudieshavefoundthat40.6millionAmericanadultsgetsixorfewerhoursof sleepanight. The scarypart about that ispeople that are sleepdeprivedenoughhave the same impairmentas adrunk driver. Sleep depravity is also the cause of a host of health issues. I even findmyself constantly battling thehorriblebeast.Thisleadsmetoquestionwhatcausessleepdepravity?Therearethreemainfactorsthatleadtosleepdeprivation.Sleepdeprivationisverypreventableifafewstepsarefollowed.TheideaofthisposteristobringtotheforefronttheproblemthatmillionsofAmericansfacedaily.

11A FeedingBehaviorAnalysisofManducasextaCarmalettaHinson,CarolineTheile,MakaylaHardinCaseWesternReserveUniversity MarkWillis,KimThompson,Mentors

Inthisstudy,ourteamwillexaminetheeffectsofmanipulatingthevariablesofflowerheightandpositionofmakeshiftflowersinordertoseehowthesevariablesaffectthefeedingpatternofamoth.Inordertodoso,flowerswillbemadefromapaperlikematerial,andfeedingwillbestimulatedthroughnaturalhunger(offourdayoldfemalemoths)aswellas sucrose feeding solution and the presence of a common floral odor. Data will be analyzed utilizing angles andstatisticalsignificancetodeterminethepattern ifany.Ourconclusiontothisresearchhowever, isstillpendingatthistime.

12B PercolationThroughVoidsAroundStructurallyDisorderedSandGrainsNicholasMcGuigan

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DonaldPriour,MentorFluid flow or charge transport through porous materials takes place within voids around impermeable grains. Withincreasing density of grains, fluid flow diminishes, ultimately ceasing at the percolation transition separatingconfigurationsmacroscopicallynavigable;andthosewhichblockfluidflowinthebulklimit.Theoreticalstudiesofvoidnetworks have generally been confined to monodispersed systems of uniform particles, with no calculations ofpercolationthresholdsfordiversegrains.Inadditiontopositionalandorientationaldisorder,weincorporatestructuraldisorder by imposing random variations in the geometries and sizes of grains. We consider cubes distorted intorectangular solids with random proportions. More comprehensibly, we also examine configurations of structurallydisorderedtetrahedrawithbothrandomperturbationsinedgelengthsanddihedralangles.

13A TheEfficacyofUVDisinfectioninRelationtothePhysicalPropertiesoftheSurfaceJamesEllis

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.PetruFodor,MentorUVradiation isacommondisinfectiontechniquethatkillsbacteriawithout increasingtheriskofantibioticresistance.Thisstudyseekstounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthepropertiesofthesurfacebeingtreatedandtheefficacyoftreatment.Bacteriaculturesareappliedtoglass,steel,aluminum,lead,polystyrene,andsyntheticspongebeforebeingexposedtoUVradiation.Survivalratesofbacteriaaretestedusingplatecountagarmethod.Theefficacyofdisinfectionisdeterminedbyhowmanycoloniesareabletogrowfromthedisinfectedsamples.

14B PhysicalProperties:DeterminationofMeltingPointsYoungjunPark,BeatriceAnneMalala,GavinWu,PatrickBonanoCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Unknownsolidwasgiventoidentifyfromalistofvarioussolids(0617MP-449).Withtheconceptofmeltingpoints,theunknown compoundwas firstmelted andwas recorded to be 131-134degreeC. Then theunknown compoundplusanother similarmelting point compoundwasmelted together followed by another similarmelting point compound.Fromthedatagatheredtheunknowncompoundgivenwaspredictedtobeurea.

15A PrevalenceandCostofObesity

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JasonLee,RamandeepGill,HunterFlati,Vi-TrinhLuu,YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.CharlesMcGowen,Mentor

StudieshaveshownAmericahasspentaboutonehundredfiftybilliondollarstohelptreatobesityayear.Lookingatthepastsixmonths,datawastakenfromseveralclinicsinnortheastOhiotoestimatetheamountofmoneywasbeingspenttotreatobesityintheregionaswellasthecommoditiesassociatedwiththedisease.Withoverahundredpatientsinthe area consideredmorbidly obese, the cost is over twenty thousanddollars a year for just obesity. There are easysolutions,bothforthosesufferingfromobesityandthosewhowanttohelp.

16B Zero-pointEnergyanditsEffectsVictorIpinmoroti,SarahAlabsi,CaitlinCole

ClevelandStateUniversity JearlWalker,MentorZero-pointenergy(ZPE)isenergythatisassociatedwithavacuum,orwheretemperatureisnearabsolutezero.In1911,MaxwellPlankderivedanequationfortheenergyemittedbyablackbody.Thisequationincludedthetemperaturefortheblackbody,whichwhensettozeroshowsthatacertainamountofenergybeingabsorbedexists.Thiswouldbethefirst occurrence of zero-point energy. Later the likes of Dirac, Lamb, Casimir and even Einstein will make significantprogressinprovingtheexistenceofZPE.Inthisposterwewilldiscussthevariouscontributionsoftheseindividuals.Wewill lookattheHeisenbergUncertaintyprincipleandhowZPE isadirect implicationofthisprinciple.Additionally,wewillalsomentionsomeaspectsofQuantumfieldtheory,theCasimireffectandDynamicCasimir,andsomeexperimentsattemptingtousetheCasimireffectinnanotechnology.

17A Relationshipbetweenoxalate-degradingbacteriaandurolithiasisofAonyxcinereusincaptivityClaireHolliday

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Dr.PamDennis,Dr.DianneKube,MentorsOxalate-degradingbacteria,suchasOxalobacterformigenes,oftenpopulatesthegastrointestinaltract.Thisbacteriaisattributedwithmaintainingoxalatehomeostasisandpreventinghyperoxaluriawhichleadstotheformationofcalciumoxalate (CaOx) calculi . CaOx calculi is themain compositionofuroliths inAsian small-clawed (ASC)otters.While thestatusofurolithiasisinwildASCottersisunknown,ithasposedasignificanthealthproblemtoASCottersincaptivity.Accordingtoa1988surveyoftheNorthAmericanASCotterpopulation:66%of56otterssurveyedhadrenalcalculiand23%cystic calculi.Ourhypothesis is that there is anegative correlationbetweenoxalate-degradingbacteria andASCotterswithpresenturolithiasis.Furthermore,itmaybethatoxalatelevelsincaptiveASCotterdietareacompoundingfactortothishighrateofdisease.

18B RandomLasinginLiquidCrystalsDopedwithDyesandPlasmonicNanoparticlesKelseyDarrah,MaryMcPheeters

CaseWesternReserveUniversity GiuseppeStrangi,MentorLaser light is generated by merging two important physical mechanisms, amplification and optical feedback.Amplification ismainlydue togainmaterials,whereas theoptical feedback isobtained throughanoptical cavity thatallowsformodeselectionvialightlocalization.Thislightlocalizationmechanismistypicallycreatedusingtwomirrors.However,itispossibletoreplacethiscavitywithamultiplescatteringmaterial,suchasadielectricparticlesornematicliquid crystals. This partially-ordered system has demonstrated the ability to produce random laser action, using thefluctuationsofthedielectrictensortoscatterandcoherentlyamplifylightwaves.Thisphenomenoncanbeexaminedinboth confined and boundary-free systems. This projectwill examine properties of this random lasing action in liquidcrystalsdopedwithdyeandplasmonicnanoparticles.

19A TransposonMutagenesisofStenotrophomonasMaltophiliaOakRidgeStrain02GabriellaHosack,HaleyGianfrancesco,HannaGilligan,DionneTrammell

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.JonathanCaguiat,MentorAmetalresistantstrainofS.maltophiliaOR02wasisolatedfromametalcontaminatedsiteinOakRidge,TN.AnEZ-Tn5transposome was introduced. Approximately 880 transformants were replica plated onto plates containing variousmediatoseeifthetransposoninterruptedgenesrequiredformetalresistanceorgrowthonminimalmedia.13mutantswere discovered.Of themutants, 5 failed to growonminimalmedia, 1 failed to growon selenite, 1 failed growoncopper, 1 failed to grow on zinc, and 5 failed to grow on 2 or more metals. The transposon contains kanamycin

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10B TheNegativeEffectsofSleepDeprivationGageFaison,PolinaBufogle

CuyahogaCommunityCollege CathleenRossman,VanithaParameswaran,MentorsSleepdeprivationisnolaughingmatter,everyyearmillionsofAmericansareaffectedbythesavagecondition.ItisalsoblamedformanymajordisasterssuchastheChernobylnucleardisasterandgroundingoftheExxonValdezoilfreighter.Somethingevenscariertonormalpeopleisstudieshavefoundthat40.6millionAmericanadultsgetsixorfewerhoursof sleepanight. The scarypart about that ispeople that are sleepdeprivedenoughhave the same impairmentas adrunk driver. Sleep depravity is also the cause of a host of health issues. I even findmyself constantly battling thehorriblebeast.Thisleadsmetoquestionwhatcausessleepdepravity?Therearethreemainfactorsthatleadtosleepdeprivation.Sleepdeprivationisverypreventableifafewstepsarefollowed.TheideaofthisposteristobringtotheforefronttheproblemthatmillionsofAmericansfacedaily.

11A FeedingBehaviorAnalysisofManducasextaCarmalettaHinson,CarolineTheile,MakaylaHardinCaseWesternReserveUniversity MarkWillis,KimThompson,Mentors

Inthisstudy,ourteamwillexaminetheeffectsofmanipulatingthevariablesofflowerheightandpositionofmakeshiftflowersinordertoseehowthesevariablesaffectthefeedingpatternofamoth.Inordertodoso,flowerswillbemadefromapaperlikematerial,andfeedingwillbestimulatedthroughnaturalhunger(offourdayoldfemalemoths)aswellas sucrose feeding solution and the presence of a common floral odor. Data will be analyzed utilizing angles andstatisticalsignificancetodeterminethepattern ifany.Ourconclusiontothisresearchhowever, isstillpendingatthistime.

12B PercolationThroughVoidsAroundStructurallyDisorderedSandGrainsNicholasMcGuigan

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DonaldPriour,MentorFluid flow or charge transport through porous materials takes place within voids around impermeable grains. Withincreasing density of grains, fluid flow diminishes, ultimately ceasing at the percolation transition separatingconfigurationsmacroscopicallynavigable;andthosewhichblockfluidflowinthebulklimit.Theoreticalstudiesofvoidnetworks have generally been confined to monodispersed systems of uniform particles, with no calculations ofpercolationthresholdsfordiversegrains.Inadditiontopositionalandorientationaldisorder,weincorporatestructuraldisorder by imposing random variations in the geometries and sizes of grains. We consider cubes distorted intorectangular solids with random proportions. More comprehensibly, we also examine configurations of structurallydisorderedtetrahedrawithbothrandomperturbationsinedgelengthsanddihedralangles.

13A TheEfficacyofUVDisinfectioninRelationtothePhysicalPropertiesoftheSurfaceJamesEllis

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.PetruFodor,MentorUVradiation isacommondisinfectiontechniquethatkillsbacteriawithout increasingtheriskofantibioticresistance.Thisstudyseekstounderstandtherelationshipbetweenthepropertiesofthesurfacebeingtreatedandtheefficacyoftreatment.Bacteriaculturesareappliedtoglass,steel,aluminum,lead,polystyrene,andsyntheticspongebeforebeingexposedtoUVradiation.Survivalratesofbacteriaaretestedusingplatecountagarmethod.Theefficacyofdisinfectionisdeterminedbyhowmanycoloniesareabletogrowfromthedisinfectedsamples.

14B PhysicalProperties:DeterminationofMeltingPointsYoungjunPark,BeatriceAnneMalala,GavinWu,PatrickBonanoCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Unknownsolidwasgiventoidentifyfromalistofvarioussolids(0617MP-449).Withtheconceptofmeltingpoints,theunknown compoundwas firstmelted andwas recorded to be 131-134degreeC. Then theunknown compoundplusanother similarmelting point compoundwasmelted together followed by another similarmelting point compound.Fromthedatagatheredtheunknowncompoundgivenwaspredictedtobeurea.

15A PrevalenceandCostofObesity

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resistancegenesandanR6Kγreplicationorigin.TheDNAfromthemutantswastransformedintoE.coli.Transformantswill contain new plasmids of the transposon flanked by the interrupted genes. DNA sequencing can identify genesinvolvedinoxidativestressresponse,metalefflux,metaltransformationandsequestration.

20B Redheads:Factvs.FictionReneeJustus

CuyahogaCommunityCollege VanithaParameswaran,MentorWeallhavegenetic characteristics thatmakeusdifferent.While redheadsonlymakeup2%of theworldpopulationtherearemanystudiesthatshowtheirdifferencesaremorethanjustcosmetic.Fromthewaytheyprocesspaintotheacidityoftheirskinredheadgeneticsgomuchfartherthanjustthecoloroftheirhair.Sohowdogenesplayaroleintheredheadeddifference.Fromgeneticstomyths,redheadshaveplayedauniqueroleinhistory.

21A SuppressiveTranscriptionalRegulationonDendriticMorphologyinDrosophilaMelanogasterOgoegbunamOkoloCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Formyproject,we investigatedmicroRNAmolecules inorder tounderstand its regulatoryeffectson cutexpressionlevelsandconsequentdendriticbranchmorphology.Wehypothesize that theremaybemir-RNA-relatedmechanismssoughttobufferthenormalvariationintranscriptionfactorlevels,toensurethatcellsattainareproducibleandclass-specific morphology. We utilized Drosophila Melanogaster as a model to examine and manipulate the transgenicexpression patterns of two specific classes ofmicro-RNAs:mir-310 andmir-315 (overexpression & loss of function).ExperimentaldataindicatethatoverexpressionofmicroRNAmoleculesresultinasignificantdecreaseincutexpressionlevels.Additionally,overexpressionexhibitedsuppressiveeffectsonthedevelopmentofdendriticspikes/protrusions.

22B RestorationandCharacterizationofaSub-criticalAssembly:AMiddleActStevenLittell,JosephShives,BrandonSharp,MartinStrong

YoungstownStateUniversity DonaldPriour,MentorSub-criticalassembliesaredeviceswhichundergoachainreactiononlywithanexternalneutronsourceincorporated.Buildingonearlierefforts,wehavecompletedthemechanicalsupporthardwaretowirelesslymaneuveramultiprobedetector(i.e.sensitivetogammaandbetaraysandcapableofphotographandvideoacquisition)inthecontextoftheassembly. The detectorwill be part of an apparatus to accompany a Nuclear ChicagoModel 9000 Chamber on apermanentbasis. Asatestofthemultiprobe,wehavemeasuredspatiallydependentgammacountsinthevicinityofirradiated sources. Theoretical simulations and calculations are presented in support of our experimentalmeasurements. Wemake concrete projections as to the role the reaction chamber apparatus will play in researcheffortsanditsabilitytoenhanceeducationalopportunitiesforthebroadercommunity.

23A TerrestrialHabitatSelectionofAmericanToadsinResponsetoChangesinForestCompositionErinConway,TessaAskew,CierraSpriggs

CaseWesternReserveUniversity MikeBenard,MentorClimate change is proving a catalyst to changing the composition of northeastern hardwood forests. The ranges ofmaplesandoaksarepredictedtocontinueshiftingaswarmerannual temperaturesallowtraditionallymoresouthernwoodland species todominate inmorenorthern latitudes.OaksandMaplesbothproducechemicaldefensesagainstherbivoryanddisease,butthecompositionofthosechemicalsdiffer.InordertotestifthisdifferenceinchemistryhasanimpactontheforestcommunityIexaminedifAmericantoadschosehabitatsbasedonthetypeofleaflitterpresent.Mystudyconsistedofaseriesofchoicetests,fromwhichweconcludedthatthetoadsshowednopreferencebetweenOakandMapleleaves.Thisfindinghelpsgiveabroaderideaofhownortheasternhardwoodforestscommunitiescopewithclimate-anunderstandingparamounttodevelopingfutureconservationefforts.

24B StructureMotivatedMechanisticModelingofTriphasicForceDependentE-Selectin/LigandAdhesionBehavior HannahGoldbergandAemileeZiganti

CaseWesternReserveUniversity MichaelHinczewskiPhd.,MentorForce-mediatedleukocytetetheringtoandrollingonvascularwallsbyadaptingtochangesinshearflowisfacilitatedbytriphasicbondlifetimeversusforcebehaviorexhibitedbyE-selectin/ligandbonds.Wecreatedamechanistic,network

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analysisbasedmodel todescribe thisbehavior whichhasbeen fitted todata from flowchamberexperimentsonE-selectin/ligandcomplexadhesionfromWaymanetal.[1].Bestfitparametershavefurtherbeencomparedtoestimatesobtained from protein structural data of similar and near-identical complexes, and shown to agree within highlyreasonable limits. With improvements in structural analysis andmore research into the effects ofmutations at thelectin/ligandinterface,thismodellingapproachcanshedgreatlightontotheprocessesofhealingandotherbiologicalfunctionsthatrelyonatriphasicbondlifetimebehavior.

25A PotentialFoodWastePoliciestoServeasSustainableReformforFoodInsecurityinCleveland-CuyahogaCountyRachaelFBuceyLeopold

ClevelandStateUniversity ColleenCWalsh,MentorFoodwaste canbedescribed as discarding food that is perfectly safe for human consumption. Effects of foodwasteincludeenvironmental,economic,health,andsocial factors.Ohioanscurrentlyrank6thnationwide infood insecurity.Businessesandorganizations inurbanareasarenotoriousforexcessivefoodwaste.Foodwastepoliciescultivatedbycommittees suchas theCleveland-CuyahogaCountyFoodPolicyCoalitioncandivert food from landfills to insteadbedonated,composted,oreatenbytheoriginalpurchaser.Thisresearchendeavorstoscrutinizefooddisposalpracticesinthe Cleveland-Cuyahoga County area in order to propose policies that will serve as effective measures to achievesustainable food waste reform. Systematic review of literature, analysis of notes from CCCFPC convenings, andquantitativeandqualitativeevaluationofasurveywereusedinthisresearch.

26B TheReactivityandClusteringofCalciumBeta-DiketonateComplexesintheGas-PhaseTayahTurocy

YoungstownStateUniversity BrianD.Leskiw,MentorThe gas-phase ligand exchange reaction of calcium diisopropylacetylacetonate complexes with a series of metal β-diketonateswasobservedtooccurwithinatriplequadrupolemassspectrometerfollowingco-sublimation.Byvaryingtheidentityoftheligandandmetalcenter,thegasphasereactivity,aswellasthecorrespondingfragmentationpatternof the resulting species, was investigated. These novel complexes also show the prevalence to form larger clustersthroughtheadditionofextrametal,aswellaschelationofadditionalligand.Furtherstudieswereconductedtotestthecluster'srecurrencewithinterchangedmetalcenters.Calciumclustersshowpromiseasnewmaterialswithapplicationsinthinfilmdepositionandtheformationofnanomaterials.

27A ConcussionsinFootballThroughtheYears:ImprovingorWorsening?FranciscoCastillo,BenjaminHuston

CuyahogaCommunityCollege VanithaParameswaran,CathleenRossman,MentorsTodayconcussionsareabigtopicintheworldoffootballalongwithnewequipmentthatwillhopefullypreventit. Inorder to advance in the future, we must take in considering the now and the past. This project aims to find thedifference in rateof concussionsover three various age groups Youth (Flag –Middle School), Current (High School –College)and theOlderGenerations (30+), alongwith the reasoningbehind saiddifference inorder tobetterpreventconcussionsand futurebraindamage. Theprojectdelves into theadvancements in technologyandoverall fitnessofathleteswhichverywellcouldcorrelatetotherateofconcussionsofeachindividualagegroup.

28B TheImpactofTCMonIBDinAsiaandTranslationBeyondJuliaGaspare-Pruchnicki

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Dr.LihongShi,MentorInflammatoryBowelDisease(IBD)isacategorizationofagroupofchronicdiseasesthataffectthegastrointestinaltract.Thetwomaindiseasesareulcerativecolitis(UC)andCrohn'sdisease(CD).Themostcommonincludeabdominalpain,bloody diarrhea, fatigue, ulcers, and vomiting. The most common treatments for IBD in the U.S. are of biomedicalnature. Doctors use treatments such as corticosteroids, thiopurines, and other immunomodulatory therapies.AlternativetreatmentsforUCandCrohn'sdiseasearenotreadilyavailabletohelppatients,at least intheU.S.Othercountries, especially Asian countries, have had noticeable success when using something other than biomedicaltreatments.ThisprojectexploressomeofthealternativetreatmentsofIBDintheEastAsiancultureandevaluatestheefficacyandtransferabilityofTraditionalChineseMedicineonIBDtreatment.

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29A UsinginSilicoAnalysisofTranscriptionFactorBindingSitesandRelativeLuciferaseActivitytoUnderstandCFTRExpressivityinCFTRDHSvariantsWilmelCosme

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Dr.AnnHarris,Dr.JennyKerschner,MentorCis-regulatory elements are undoubtedly strong influencers of gene transcription. As such, it is possible that singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)inthesenon-codingregionscanbediseasecausing.HereweattempttoidentifyhowSNPs in CFTR regions Intron 11 DHS, an intestine specific enhancer, and -44kb DHS, an airway selective DHS, effectexpression.DNAcollectionfromeightyclinicallydiagnosedcysticfibrosispatientsidentified5variantsintheseregionswhichmay be of interest to our understanding of disease. Since CFTR has tissue-specific enhancers it is possible toconduct comparative studies on these regions in different cell types. Primary techniques used during this projectincludedinsilicoanalysisofCFTRDHSregions,luciferaseassays,andexpressionvectorcloning.

30B NaturalExtractionofMetalsbyTreesrootedinContaminatedSoils.PhaseI:EstablishingStandardsforAnalyzingTreeSapusingXRFSpectroscopyBrandyPeprah,SalamPicard,BryanOrtiz

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.AlanJacobs,MentorWepreparedstandardsthatwillbeusedtocalibrateaportablex-rayfluorescencespectrometer.Thep-XRFwillbeusedinthefieldto identifytoxicmetals intreesrootedincontaminatedsoilaroundtheMahoningRivernearYoungstown,Ohio.Thestandardsconsistof50-mlsamplesintwosolvents:maplesyrupandpineoil(simulatingtreesap)thathavebeenspikedwithvariousknownconcentrationsofasolutionofmetals.Thesampleswerethenanalyzedformetalsthathavebeenfoundintheriverbanksusinganinductivelycoupledplasma(ICP)andabenchtopXRF. Mostofthemetalconc.resultsweresimilarinbothmaplesyrupandpineoilusingtheICPandXRF.Thesolutionsfunctionsasstandardsforcalibratingap-XRF thatwillanalyze the trees incontaminatedsoilaround theMahoningRiver. Treespecies thatabsorbtoxicmetalscanbeusedtoremediatethecontaminatedsoils.

31A PurificationofWaterbyFattyAcidLinkedUiO-66throughHydrophobicCoatingDanteDeChellis,JordanZackasee,MontherNassar,CourtneyPlatt,andBaileyVarga

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DouglasGenna,MentorThe constructionof three fatty acid-containing versionsof the commonmetal-organic Framework (MOF)UiO-66wasperformedvialinkerexchangebetweenUiO-66andeachfattyacid:sebacicacid,nonanoicacid,andperfluorooctonoicacid.Thisfunctionalizationwastargeteddueto itsprojectedabilitytoformahydrophobic layerontheoutside,whilestillhavingporesthatcouldallowforuptakeandretentionofwatersensitivecompounds.Thepurposeofthisistobeabletousethisframeworkformatterssuchaswaterfiltrationortoutilizethehydrophobicpropertiesasacoatingtoresistwaterandstoresensitivematerials.

32B DevelopmentandsurfacemodificationofironoxidenanoparticlesforplantuptakestudyviaMPIrelaxometerBeolineUwampamo

CaseWesternReserveUniversity AnnaSamia,StellaJu,MentorsSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with an average diameter of 17nmwere synthesized through athermal decomposition method using oleic acid as capping ligands. Several different surface coatings were used tomodify and make the IONPS hydrophilic. The magnetic and stability of these different surface coatings were thencomparedto investigate theeffectivenessof themodifications throughpowderx-raydiffractometry (PXRD) forphaseidentification, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for evaluation of the hydrodynamic radius of the modified IONPs, andtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) for evaluating the morphology and size distribution of the synthesizednanoparticles. MPI relaxometer also used to evaluate the long-term stability and biocompatibility of the surfacemodifiednanoparticlesthroughtheuptakeofIONPSinlivingplants.

33A GoldOrganometallicsinOpticalPowerLimitingApplicationsBrandenKraus,MaryannVeyonCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Thedistinct relativistic and spin-orbit couplingpropertiesof goldalloworgano-gold complexes to functionas reversesaturable absorbersmore effectively than complexes of other heavymetals. Recent research has shown that gold(I),

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29A UsinginSilicoAnalysisofTranscriptionFactorBindingSitesandRelativeLuciferaseActivitytoUnderstandCFTRExpressivityinCFTRDHSvariantsWilmelCosme

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Dr.AnnHarris,Dr.JennyKerschner,MentorCis-regulatory elements are undoubtedly strong influencers of gene transcription. As such, it is possible that singlenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNPs)inthesenon-codingregionscanbediseasecausing.HereweattempttoidentifyhowSNPs in CFTR regions Intron 11 DHS, an intestine specific enhancer, and -44kb DHS, an airway selective DHS, effectexpression.DNAcollectionfromeightyclinicallydiagnosedcysticfibrosispatientsidentified5variantsintheseregionswhichmay be of interest to our understanding of disease. Since CFTR has tissue-specific enhancers it is possible toconduct comparative studies on these regions in different cell types. Primary techniques used during this projectincludedinsilicoanalysisofCFTRDHSregions,luciferaseassays,andexpressionvectorcloning.

30B NaturalExtractionofMetalsbyTreesrootedinContaminatedSoils.PhaseI:EstablishingStandardsforAnalyzingTreeSapusingXRFSpectroscopyBrandyPeprah,SalamPicard,BryanOrtiz

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.AlanJacobs,MentorWepreparedstandardsthatwillbeusedtocalibrateaportablex-rayfluorescencespectrometer.Thep-XRFwillbeusedinthefieldto identifytoxicmetals intreesrootedincontaminatedsoilaroundtheMahoningRivernearYoungstown,Ohio.Thestandardsconsistof50-mlsamplesintwosolvents:maplesyrupandpineoil(simulatingtreesap)thathavebeenspikedwithvariousknownconcentrationsofasolutionofmetals.Thesampleswerethenanalyzedformetalsthathavebeenfoundintheriverbanksusinganinductivelycoupledplasma(ICP)andabenchtopXRF. Mostofthemetalconc.resultsweresimilarinbothmaplesyrupandpineoilusingtheICPandXRF.Thesolutionsfunctionsasstandardsforcalibratingap-XRF thatwillanalyze the trees incontaminatedsoilaround theMahoningRiver. Treespecies thatabsorbtoxicmetalscanbeusedtoremediatethecontaminatedsoils.

31A PurificationofWaterbyFattyAcidLinkedUiO-66throughHydrophobicCoatingDanteDeChellis,JordanZackasee,MontherNassar,CourtneyPlatt,andBaileyVarga

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DouglasGenna,MentorThe constructionof three fatty acid-containing versionsof the commonmetal-organic Framework (MOF)UiO-66wasperformedvialinkerexchangebetweenUiO-66andeachfattyacid:sebacicacid,nonanoicacid,andperfluorooctonoicacid.Thisfunctionalizationwastargeteddueto itsprojectedabilitytoformahydrophobic layerontheoutside,whilestillhavingporesthatcouldallowforuptakeandretentionofwatersensitivecompounds.Thepurposeofthisistobeabletousethisframeworkformatterssuchaswaterfiltrationortoutilizethehydrophobicpropertiesasacoatingtoresistwaterandstoresensitivematerials.

32B DevelopmentandsurfacemodificationofironoxidenanoparticlesforplantuptakestudyviaMPIrelaxometerBeolineUwampamo

CaseWesternReserveUniversity AnnaSamia,StellaJu,MentorsSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with an average diameter of 17nmwere synthesized through athermal decomposition method using oleic acid as capping ligands. Several different surface coatings were used tomodify and make the IONPS hydrophilic. The magnetic and stability of these different surface coatings were thencomparedto investigate theeffectivenessof themodifications throughpowderx-raydiffractometry (PXRD) forphaseidentification, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for evaluation of the hydrodynamic radius of the modified IONPs, andtransmission electron microscopy (TEM) for evaluating the morphology and size distribution of the synthesizednanoparticles. MPI relaxometer also used to evaluate the long-term stability and biocompatibility of the surfacemodifiednanoparticlesthroughtheuptakeofIONPSinlivingplants.

33A GoldOrganometallicsinOpticalPowerLimitingApplicationsBrandenKraus,MaryannVeyonCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Thedistinct relativistic and spin-orbit couplingpropertiesof goldalloworgano-gold complexes to functionas reversesaturable absorbersmore effectively than complexes of other heavymetals. Recent research has shown that gold(I),

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gold(II),andgold(III)compoundsthatdisplaynonlinearabsorptionoflightcanbesynthesized.Thesecompoundsofferapromising new view of optical power limiting and have a broad range of applications including laser defense,microscopy,andbio-imaging.

34B ThePhysiologyofSlothHindlimbMusclesAmandaSvenson,AbdelRuhmanYusuf,TaylorRogers,LydiaJohnson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.MichaelButcher,MentorThree-toedsloths (B.variegatus)havereducedmusclemass;however, theyexhibitsuspensorybehaviors thatrequiremuscularstrengthandendurance.Previously,werevealedthatslothsexpressonlytwomyosinheavychain(MHC)fibersintheirforelimbmuscles:slowMHC-1andfastMHC-2A.WealsofoundthatregardlessofMHC,bothtwitchfibertypesmainly relyonanaerobicmetabolismbyhighactivityof theenzymes creatinekinase (CK)and lactatedehydrogenase(LDH). Here, we quantify the physiology of twelve hindlimb muscles and test the hypothesis that properties of theforelimbs are systemic and represent adaptations in sloths. Accounting for the differential roles of limb pairs duringslothlocomotion,wepredictthehindlimbswillhavesimilarpropertiestotheforelimbs,butwithabroaderdistributionofslow-twitchfibershavinggreateraerobicactivityforsustainingtorque.

EngineeringandTechnology

35A ApreliminarybehavioralstudyintotheeffectsofheatresponsiveMicroelectrodes

JenniferPaiz,SarahMortierCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Miro-electrodesplayaprominent role inmakingup the futureofbraincomputer interfaces.This studyexamines theaffectsofinflammationpostelectrodeimplantationonperformanceinbehavioraltests.

36B CarbonFiberTieRodOptimizationClayHamilton

CaseWesternReserveUniversity OwenYang,MatthewStewart,MentorsCaseWestern Reserve University's Baja SAE team designs and builds an off-road vehicle every year that ismade towithstand the rough conditions of the nationwide competitions every year. CWRU's teamplaced 8th and 9th in twointernationalcompetitionsduringthelastyear'sseason.Inanefforttoimproveourrankingsfurther,wearedesigningthisyear'scarwithoptimizationinmind.Someofthecomponentswearefocusedonarethetierods,whichconnectthesteeringrackofthevehicletoitswheels.Inthepast,ourswerecomposedofarelativelyheavysteeltube.Thisyear,weintendtosaveweightbyfabricatingthetierodsfromcarbonfiberandaluminum.Oneofthechallengesofusingthesetwo dissimilar materials is bonding them together while retaining the designed strength and durability of thecomponent..Inordertomaximizethestrengthofthetierods,multipleiterationsofthedesignweretestedinatensilestrength testingmachine.Theoriginal single-piecesteel tie rodswereable towithstand4500 lbsof tension.The firstiterations of the two-piece carbon/aluminum rods only held 500 lbs, which would not supply sufficient strength toenduretheharshenvironmentoftheBajacompetitions.Afterinvestigating,wefoundthattheepoxywehadusedwasnotthoroughlydistributedbetweenthealuminumandcarbonfiber.Inordertoresolvethisissue,weallowedformorespacebetweenthealuminumandcarbonfibersothattheepoxywasabletobondthetwotogethermoreefficiently.Thisnextsetoftierodswithstood2500lbsoftensionwhilebeingroughly1/3theweightoftheoriginalsteeltierods.

37A CorrosionreductionusingtwocoatingmethodsonmagnesiumRanaAbu-Hashim,AmberDeming,&MalayjaJackson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.HollyMartin,MentorInanefforttolightweightvehicles,magnesiumisametalofinterestduetoitslowdensityandhighweight-to-strengthratio.Itiseasilycorroded,though,soitcannotbeusedinexposedareasofvehicles,includingmostoftheenginearea.Polyetherimide (PEI), a hydrophobic polymer resistant to aqueous solutions and hydrocarbons, has been successfully

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shown to delay the corrosion of magnesium, specifically AE44, which contains 4% aluminum and 4% rare earthelements.However,anuneventhicknessusingsolutioncastingoraverythickshellusingadditivemanufacturinggreatlyaffectedthedelayofcorrosion.InanefforttoimprovethecorrosionresistanceimpartedbyPEI,twodifferentwaystodepositthepolymerwereinvestigatedandthecorrosionresistancein3.5wt%saltwaterwasdetermined.

38B CreatingTopographicMapsthroughFieldSurveyingJustinThomas

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Thisprojectfocusedonmakingtopographicmapsbasedoffofdatathatwasacquiredbysurveyingacertainportionofland.Thesurveyingwasdonebyusingatotalstation,datacollectorandprism.Thedatacollectorwasthendownloadedontoacomputer,wherewewereabletouseAutoCadtocreateatopographicmapbasedoffofthedatapoints.AftercreatingthetopographicmaponAutoCad,wewereabletoprintoutthemapandseethesimilaritiesfromtheactualsite.

39A DesignofIndustrialWaterandWastewaterTreatmentSystemsMichaelCraver

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.TonyVercellino,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastodesignafullyfunctionalwatersupplysystemaswellasawastewaterpretreatmentsystemthatwouldspecializeinhandlingindustrialwaste.WewereaskedtocomeupwithourowndesignofanexistingfacilityinNorthJackson,Ohio.Thisfacilityistobeusedasbothanofficebuildingandanindustrialmetalplatingfacility.Theenvironmentalportionofthisprojectismainlydealingwiththewatersupplyandwastewatertreatments,butitalsoincludesthedevelopmentofastormwatermanagementplan,safetyplanningandanenvironmentalassessmentofthesite in pre-development, during construction and post construction. In the end the overall goal was to provide arepresentative design experience that focuses on professional practiceswhile utilizing the various courses thatweretakenatYoungstownState.

40B DesignofaShortingConnectorAssemblyMachineMatthewOsiniak,JohnPechatsko,MarkFredrickson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.JasonWalker,MentorA student design teamworkedwith Delta Systems Inc. to redesign amachine to assemble a quarter-sized electricalconnector. Poor efficiency and outdated components warranted the need for a newmachine. The project includedmany engineering aspects includingmechanical, industrial, and electrical design. Through collaboration between thestudentdesignteamandthecompanysponsor,asolutionwasfound.Thedesignofanewmachinehasbeencompletedandthemachineisbeingconstructedforfactoryuse.

41A ThePast,Present,andFutureofAutonomousVehiclesNormanBarahona,EmilyAnnMoenich,LindseyShahan

ClevelandStateUniversity NathanSpagnola,MentorTheideaofautonomousvehicleshasbecomeapartofdrivinghistorydatingbacktoearlyasthe1920s.FirstcreatedbyHoudinaRadio control asdemonstrationof thepotential of radio technology, the ideahas immensely expandedandnowincorporatessixdifferentlevelstoautonomousdriving.Thescienceandmechanicsofthistechnologyincludetheincorporation of laser rangefinders, GPS/inertial navigation system, cameras, sonar, radar, and lidar. There are fiveprimary components that shape how self-driving cars operate, and research on the subject is currently beinginvestigatedbycompaniessuchasGoogle,Tesla,andHonda.Asmoreanalysisisdone,theinevitablequestionregardingthefuturecomesintoplay.Thisresearchwillhighlightthepotentialbenefitsandcoststhatgointothisendeavor.

42B DesignandAnalysisofaSupersonicWindTunnelDiffuserandMufflerEricHaake,MichaelManginelli,MichaelRamunno

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.StefanMoldovan,MentorThe purpose of this project is to design and analyze an exhaust silencer system for Youngstown State University'sblowdown supersonicwind tunnel so that thewind tunnel can be safely integrated into theMechanical Engineeringcurriculumforfutureclasses.Thisdesignprojectinvolvesheavyusageofcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)toperform

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shown to delay the corrosion of magnesium, specifically AE44, which contains 4% aluminum and 4% rare earthelements.However,anuneventhicknessusingsolutioncastingoraverythickshellusingadditivemanufacturinggreatlyaffectedthedelayofcorrosion.InanefforttoimprovethecorrosionresistanceimpartedbyPEI,twodifferentwaystodepositthepolymerwereinvestigatedandthecorrosionresistancein3.5wt%saltwaterwasdetermined.

38B CreatingTopographicMapsthroughFieldSurveyingJustinThomas

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Thisprojectfocusedonmakingtopographicmapsbasedoffofdatathatwasacquiredbysurveyingacertainportionofland.Thesurveyingwasdonebyusingatotalstation,datacollectorandprism.Thedatacollectorwasthendownloadedontoacomputer,wherewewereabletouseAutoCadtocreateatopographicmapbasedoffofthedatapoints.AftercreatingthetopographicmaponAutoCad,wewereabletoprintoutthemapandseethesimilaritiesfromtheactualsite.

39A DesignofIndustrialWaterandWastewaterTreatmentSystemsMichaelCraver

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.TonyVercellino,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastodesignafullyfunctionalwatersupplysystemaswellasawastewaterpretreatmentsystemthatwouldspecializeinhandlingindustrialwaste.WewereaskedtocomeupwithourowndesignofanexistingfacilityinNorthJackson,Ohio.Thisfacilityistobeusedasbothanofficebuildingandanindustrialmetalplatingfacility.Theenvironmentalportionofthisprojectismainlydealingwiththewatersupplyandwastewatertreatments,butitalsoincludesthedevelopmentofastormwatermanagementplan,safetyplanningandanenvironmentalassessmentofthesite in pre-development, during construction and post construction. In the end the overall goal was to provide arepresentative design experience that focuses on professional practiceswhile utilizing the various courses thatweretakenatYoungstownState.

40B DesignofaShortingConnectorAssemblyMachineMatthewOsiniak,JohnPechatsko,MarkFredrickson

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.JasonWalker,MentorA student design teamworkedwith Delta Systems Inc. to redesign amachine to assemble a quarter-sized electricalconnector. Poor efficiency and outdated components warranted the need for a newmachine. The project includedmany engineering aspects includingmechanical, industrial, and electrical design. Through collaboration between thestudentdesignteamandthecompanysponsor,asolutionwasfound.Thedesignofanewmachinehasbeencompletedandthemachineisbeingconstructedforfactoryuse.

41A ThePast,Present,andFutureofAutonomousVehiclesNormanBarahona,EmilyAnnMoenich,LindseyShahan

ClevelandStateUniversity NathanSpagnola,MentorTheideaofautonomousvehicleshasbecomeapartofdrivinghistorydatingbacktoearlyasthe1920s.FirstcreatedbyHoudinaRadio control asdemonstrationof thepotential of radio technology, the ideahas immensely expandedandnowincorporatessixdifferentlevelstoautonomousdriving.Thescienceandmechanicsofthistechnologyincludetheincorporation of laser rangefinders, GPS/inertial navigation system, cameras, sonar, radar, and lidar. There are fiveprimary components that shape how self-driving cars operate, and research on the subject is currently beinginvestigatedbycompaniessuchasGoogle,Tesla,andHonda.Asmoreanalysisisdone,theinevitablequestionregardingthefuturecomesintoplay.Thisresearchwillhighlightthepotentialbenefitsandcoststhatgointothisendeavor.

42B DesignandAnalysisofaSupersonicWindTunnelDiffuserandMufflerEricHaake,MichaelManginelli,MichaelRamunno

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.StefanMoldovan,MentorThe purpose of this project is to design and analyze an exhaust silencer system for Youngstown State University'sblowdown supersonicwind tunnel so that thewind tunnel can be safely integrated into theMechanical Engineeringcurriculumforfutureclasses.Thisdesignprojectinvolvesheavyusageofcomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)toperform

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flowpath analyses that allow the team to ensure test section stability aswell as acceptable outflow conditions. Theexhaustsystemmustalsoattenuateharmfulnoisegeneratedbythewindtunnelsothatitmaybeoperatedsafely.Theperformanceofstressanalysesonthedesign'sstructuralmembersisanadditionalfeatureofthedesignthatisofhighimportancetoensurethesafetyofthestudentsandprofessorswhowillrunthewindtunnel.

43A DiffusionPerformanceof3DPrintedKidneyFilterRobertW.Dixon,MasonP.Shaulis,DerekG.Joy,JoseE.Cardenas

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.PedroCortes,MentorWewillbe3Dprintingthe internalstructureofakidneyoutofsomewatersolublematerial (yet todecide)andthencoat it in a permeable membrane of our choosing. We will then dissolve the inside in water, and use the shapedmembrane to simulate the structure of a kidney itself and run our filter tests on this to seek a more efficient andeffectivedesigntoremoveureafromanenteringstream.

44B MaterialisticEfficiencyofPLAin3DPrintingSumaiyaAhmed,JacobMartin,OwenMcFetridge,JacobVitale

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.NolanHolland,MentorThree-dimensionalprintingistheprocessofextrudingamateriallayerbylayertoproduceathree-dimensionalobject.Thistechnologyhasavarietyofapplicationsfromcreatinglabequipmenttohouses.Thegoalofourresearchwastofindthemost efficient useofmaterial in three-dimensional printing. Todo so, the fill density of a rectangular beamwasvaried,thenthespringconstantofthesebeamswasdeterminedandcomparedtowhatshouldtheoreticallyoccur.Thisoptimalpercentfillwouldbethepoint inwhichthe leastamountofmaterialwouldbeusedtomaintainthegreatestspring constant and would be the most efficient for industrial applications. A graph was created that plotted thedetermined spring constant versus the percent fill to find an optimal fill percentage. Thiswould occur at the lowestpercentfillwherethechangeinthespringconstantbecameverysmall.

45A ExplorationofthefeasibilityofDalbavancin-filledcyclodextrinmicroparticlesinPMMAbonecementfortreatmentoforthopedicinfectionsLeandraBowsman,DylanMarques

CaseWesternReserveUniversity HorstvonRecum,MentorVancomycin has been shown to effectively inhibit bacterial growth in PMMA samples in clinical settings. However,vancomycin ispronetowardsdevelopingbacterialresistanceandisnotnecessarilythemostpotentantibiotictotreatcomplexinfections.Dalbavancinisamorepotentvariantofvancomycinandhastheadvantageofbeinglesssusceptibletowards developing bacterial drug-resistance. Furthermore, the chemical structure (i.e. fatty acid hydrophobic tail)present on dalbavancin is more conducive towards incorporation into our drug delivery platform, compared to thehydrophilic structure of vancomycin. Therefore, this project will explore the molecular fit, delivery profile, andantimicrobialactionofdalbavancincomparedtovancomycin.

46B DigitalConversionofaPressure-SwitchingDataAcquisitionSystemKaylaFisher,DanielMartin,LaurenLottier

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.KevinDisotell,MentorTheScanivalvePressureScanner,afluidpressuremeasurementdevice,enablesanarrayofportssampledusingasingle,shared transducer. The scanner model at YSU requires a user to press a button to switch the port sampled by thetransducer. To enable remote operation of the device and automated data acquisition (DAQ) for flow pressuremeasurements, digital controller logic converts analog switches to digital I/O with DAQ software. The push-buttonmanifold was replaced by a National Instruments USB-6008 DAQ device for digital I/O. Software developed withMATLAB'sDAQToolboxcommunicatesbetweentheUSBandscanner.User-definedsamplingparametersallowausertoselect ports sampled, sampling rate, record length, and number of records. Deployment of digital controller logicenablesautomatedDAQroutinestobeprogrammedforwindtunnelexperimentsinYSU'sFlowPhysicsLaboratory.

47A ExtremeFlowAnalysisoftheUnitedStatesCodyHolland,AlexandraEisenhart,JacobStellers,JacobCrawford

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.Sharma,Mentor

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Low flow of the stream is crucial for water resources management during low flow periods, whereas high flowestimation isessential forthepreventionagainstthefloodingduringhighflowperiods. Inthisstudy,weanalyzedthelongtermhistoricaldatafromtheHydroClimaticDataNetworkfrom1700stationsofthe21regionsacrosstheentire50statesoftheUnitedStates.ThetooldevelopedbyEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,DFLOW,wasutilizedtoestimate7Q10 low flows,whereasPeakFQsoftwarewasutilized to systematicallyestimate100-yearand500-year floods.Wefound a general pattern when comparing the 7Q10 values to the 100-year and 500-year return period peak flowindicatinghigher7Q10valuesmaycorrelateto100-yearand500-yearreturnperiodflows.Themax7Q10valueis406.62ft3/sec,correspondingtoa100-yearand500-yearflowof239200ft3/secand285300ft3/sec.

48B Evaluationof3D-PrintedLatticeStructuresforEnergyAbsorptionEmiliBonanno,TrevorLeonard,McKenzieScheckelhoff,EfrainValez

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.JasonWalker,MentorUsing3D-printedOnyxspecimensofvaryinggyroidalporositiesandgrades,wetriedtoestablishrelationshipsbetweenthedistinguishingfeaturesandmechanicalpropertiesaswellasresorptionenergies.Primarilyfocusingonconventionalcompressiontestingtoachievethis,thedatacollecteddeterminedthatadjustingthegeometry,porosity,andmaterialof the specimens can provide for great advantages with respect to mechanical properties, such as stiffness andtoughness, and resorption rates. On a larger scale, these results also verify that themodification and reconstructivemethodsofthesespecimensthroughCAMandautomatedsystemsaresuperiortooldmethodsandareusefulinmanyindustries,suchasplasticsurgery/tissueengineering,aviationandautomotive.

49A HydrofrackinginOhioAlexanderDuffy,NathanielLauer

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.LutfulKhan,MentorHydraulicfracturing(fracking)isamethodofgatheringoilfromtheshaleformationsunderground.Theprocessworksbydrillingamileundergroundintoshaleandinjectingmillionsofgallonsofwater,mixedwithsandandchemicals,ataveryhigh pressure. While the water mixture is being injected, the shale breaks and releases the natural gases and oil.FrackinghasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsfortheUnitedStates,morespecificallyOhio.Onthepositiveside,itcanbeusedtomaketheUSlessdependentonforeignoilandcreatejobs.However,sincefrackingandwastewaterremovalbegan near Youngstown therewas an increase in earthquake activity with approximately 130 seismic activities withmagnitudesashighas4.0.Frackingorthedisposalofwastefluidsmayalsocausepollutionofgroundwater.ThisposterwilloutlinetherisksandbenefitsfrackingposestoOhio.

50B TheReductionofMotionSicknessinVR(VirtualReality)ApplicationsAlexanderThornton,ChasePetti,AndrewLeeseberg,JalenMcKinnie

ClevelandStateUniversity NicoleStrah,MentorWith the recent advent of 3 DOF (degrees of freedom) and 6 DOF movement in Virtual Space VR devices andapplicationshavebecomemoreimmersivethaneverbefore.Withtheabilitytonotonlyviewone'senvironment,butalsofreelymovearoundit.Butwiththisincreasedfreedomcomeslimitations,thechiefamongthemthephysicalspacethat the user occupies limiting the user to a virtual space the size of the physical room. To combat this, manyapplicationsintroduceasystemoflocomotiontypicallycontrolledthroughjoysticksortouchpads,butthiscomeswithmany of its own drawbacks. The most troublesome being the introduction of simulation sickness, more commonlyreferred toasmotionsickness.Which isadissociationbetweenvisuallyperceivedmovementandvestibular system'ssenseofmovement.Wewillbeexploringthewaysinwhichtheseapplicationscausethismotionsickness.

51A IdentificationofDormantvsAggressiveCancersviaLigandSpecificTargetingAbdelrahmanRahmy,AaronYun,AbdallahRahmy

CaseWesternReserveUniversity PubuduPeiris,MentorTheobjectiveofthisprojectistoidentifydormancyeveninthepresenceofanaggressivetumormodel.Amulti-tumormousemodelconsistingofbothanaggressiveD2A1mammaryinoculationandadormantD2ORmammaryinoculationwillbedevelopedtofit theseconditions.Nanochaintechnologycan identifyand locatetheseelusivedormanttumorsthrough vascular targeting as opposed to passive targeting even within the presence of the aggressive tumor. The

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effectivenessofthenanochaintechnology indetectionofdormancywillbecomparedtotheuseofconventional ironoxidespheresinthismodel.

52B ImpactTestingon3DPrintedKevlar-ReinforcedOnyxSpecimensMackenzieScrocco,LoganWeinreber,EdwardEllks,TimothyChamberlain

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.BrettConner,MentorKevlar reinforced materials are commonly used in ballistics defense applications. The group utilizes 3D printing toreinforcenyloninfusedcarbonfibermaterialwithKevlartodesignspecimensandperformvariousimpacttests,suchasCharpyimpacttestingandgasgunballistictesting.Thegrouphopestousethedatacollectedtobetterunderstandhowvariouspropertiesofthesematerials,when3Dprinted,performunderimpact.

53A IntuitiveReflowOvenBenjaminWilson,BrianZellers,DillonKennedy

YoungstownStateUniversity JalalJalali,MentorThis project set out to refurbish an existing ReflowOven that the Electrical Engineering Department at YSU had forfutureresearchandacademicusebystaffandstudents.Partofourdesignincludedusingaraspberrypi3asthe"brain"forthedevicetoallowforPIDandPWMformoreaccuratecontrolofthedevice.Alsoformaintainabilitymostofthereplacedpartswerechosensothattheycouldbeeasilyreplacedshouldsomethinggoawry.

54B ManufacturingFacilityDesignMatthewManna,DanielleKing,MatthewMangapora,CourtneyBudnik,StephenErsek

YoungstownStateUniversity HojjatMehri,MentorFacilitydesignplaysakeyrollintheeconomicsofacompany.Properdesigningandplanningofafacilitycanhavemajoreffects on cost savings. An estimated 20%-50% of total costs in manufacturing are material handling related. Withplanningandanalysis,bottlenecks,excessiveidletimes,andefficientemployee/laborutilizationcanbedeterminedandaddressed accordingly. In order to create themost efficient facility, youmust accommodate for current production,employees,machinery, and futureproduction. Manyproceduresandmethodshavebeendeveloped in thepast100years inorder to create thebestpossible facilitygiven theconditionsand limitations.Methods tohelp complete theprocessincludelocationanalysis,forecasting,processflowcharts,operationflowcharts,depreciationcalculations,andAutoCADutilizationfordimensioning.Properplanningcansavethousands.

55A MitigatingBedFallInjuriesinRetirementHomesbyLoweringofBed&Side-CushionAttachmentsJustinMcMahon,IlanaRoth,GitanjaliKaw,HaoshengLi,AlexanderNesvisky

CaseWesternReserveUniversity BrianSanner,Dr.ColinDrummond,Dr.MatthewWilliams,MentorsInjuries due to bed fall are common among retirement home residents and hospital patients. Bed rails are used inhospitals to reduce falls, however, Ohio law does not allow for restraining barriers in retirement or nursing homesettings.Thislawwascreatedduetofeelingsoflossofautonomyandincreasedisolationduetotherestrictionoffreemovementcausedbybedrails.Toworkwiththis limitation,asideflapattachmenttoabedthatmovesupanddownwasconceived.Atitsmaximumheight,thesideflapsareflushagainstthesideofthebed.Astheheightdecreases,thesideflapsflareouttothesidescreatingadeclinefromthemattresstothefloor.Intheeventthatauserwould"fall"outofbed,theywouldmerely"roll" instead,mitigatingthechancefor injury.Acontrolleradjuststhebed,givingtheusercompletefreedomovertheheightofthebedandthesideflaps.

56B OptimizationofFabricWormRobotEnriqueLuevano,AdityaMalik

CaseWesternReserveUniversity Dr.KathrynADaltorio,MentorTheFabricWormrobotcanpotentiallyprovideanuniqueapplicationinsearchandrescue,exploration,pipeinspectionand potentially medical. The current issue with the Fabric Worm robot is that the locomotion does not functionproperly. The FabricWorm robot will need to be further studied and assessed to understand the opportunities forimprovements and redesign. A main focus of this project is to help improve the design and help facilitate futureresearch, by adjusting the rod stiffness to compensate being in an smaller robot. Several areas of alterationswill beassessedsuchasaddingadditionalgrip,addingadditioncablesandmodificationtoactuationmovements.

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57A PhysicalandDigitalAnalysisofaLulzbotMiniSaraCole,HugoMendel,KevinYacucci

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.EricMacDonald,EvanHarris,MentorsTheusageof3Dprinting is rapidly increasing inmost industries,ascompaniesarenowable to rapidlyprototypeanditerate product designs. The accuracy and capabilities of 3D printers vary largely by printermodels. Determining thelimitsofa3Dprinterscapabilitiesallowformoreresilientdesigns.Locatingtheselimitsextendstheuseof3Dprintinginmanufacturing.Tochallenge theaccuracyof theLulzbotMini repeatedprintsat theobserved limitswereconducted.After performing our experiment, the data collected pertaining to the limits were then compared to the factoryspecifications.

58B Purcell'sScallopTheoryHaydenBartolovich,ZacharyOpperman,RachelSutor,JosephWolf

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.ShawnRyan,MentorPurcell'sScallopTheoremisthemovementofobjectsthroughfluidsofvariousviscositiesbasedondifferentmotions.Inourexperiment,laundrydetergentandwaterwillbetheviscousfluidsused.Detergentrepresentstheviscousfluidandwater isthestandard.Anobjectwithperiodicmotionwillmoveforwardinwaterandnonetmotionforwardinmoreviscousfluid.Inperiodicmotion,theforwardandreversemovementscanceleachotheroutinthedetergentduetoalackofinertia.Anobjectperformingacorkscrewmotionwillmovefreelyinanyfluid.Byusingperiodicandcorkscrewmotion mechanisms in water and detergent, the result of the theory will be observed. Mathematical calculationsdemonstrate how the periodic motion cancels and the corkscrew motion does not. This theory duplicates naturalbacteriaandtheadjustmentoftheirflagellatonavigateforwardinviscousfluids.

59A StructuralDesignofIndustrialandOfficeBuildingJesseSaluga

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.Islam,MentorThegoalofthisprojectwastoearnrealisticdesignexperiencethatfocusesonprofessionalpracticewithintheindustryofCivilEngineering. This includesworking inmultidisciplinaryteamsinordertomanageandcompletetheprojectontime.Thetaskathandwastocompletealloftheloadcalculationsandstructuralmemberdesignnecessarytoconstructan Industrial Office Building in North Jackson, OH. The structuralmemberswithin the building include a steel trussroofingsystem,concretemasonrywalls,columnswithbaseplates,andareinforcedconcreteslabongrade.Allofthesemembers must be able to withstand the necessary snow, wind, dead, and live loads specified within the NationalBuildingCode,OhioBuildingCode,andASCE7-10.

60B RecruitmentToolsoftheFutureMorganWeinreber,VictoriaWoods,RonaldYarwood

YoungstownStateUniversity SnjezanaBalaz,MentorThe Purpose of this projectwas to design and create a recruitment tool to be used by the Youngstown State STEMcollege. The tool had to be student designed, 3D printed, and incorporate STEM principles. At the average collegerecruitmentfair,onecanexpecttofindhandoutssuchaspens,lanyards,notebooks,thesetoolsareadequatebutnotinteresting.Thegoalofthisprojectwastofill thisvoidbycreatingtoolthatpromotedYSUwhilebeingengaging,onepuzzleandonetoywerecreated.Thepuzzleisacagedesignwithafree-floatingtriangleinsideofit,thepurposeistoremovethetriangle fromthecagebymanipulating itaspecificway.Thetoy isa topwitha longstem,thetopstartsrotatingontheroundedbaseandfinishesspinningonthestem.Bothtoolscanbeproducedforapproximately10cents,thiscostisinlinewiththecostofsimilarrecruitmenttools.

61A TheUniquePropertiesoftheGeodesicDomeVerlaunteHawkins,CassandraHyer,TimothySzeltner

ClevelandStateUniversity MichaelGallagher,MentorAmongstructures,domescarrythedistinctionofcontainingamaximumamountofvolumewiththeminimumamountofmaterial required.Geodesic domes are a twentieth century development, inwhich themembers of the thin shellformingthedomeareequilateraltriangles.Thisunionofthesphereandthetriangleproducesnumerousbenefitswith

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regardstostrength,durability,efficiency,andsustainabilityofthestructure.However,theoriginaldesireforwidespreadresidential,commercial,andindustrialusewashinderedbyotherpracticalandaestheticconsiderations.

62B TaylorWinfieldErgonomicImprovementRichardFerry,AlexanderFitzgerald,CarmenMarinucci

YoungstownStateUniversity AnthonyViviano,MentorThe purpose of this project was to redesign and ergonomically improve tooling adaptors used for mounting anddismountingcomponentsonandoffofatrainaxle(i.e.gearboxandbearings).Theadaptorswereusedwithahorizontalwheelsetpressmachinethatpressfits(interference)thecomponentsontotheaxlewithahighamountofcompressiveload.ThemainissueswiththeadaptorswerethepartsexceedingtheOSHAweightstandardsandthehandlesnotbeingoperatorfriendly.Theteamwasalsotaskedwithcreatingamechanismthatcorrectsthewheelalignmentasitismovedintopositionwiththecylindershaft.Thecurrentprocesscreatedissuesfortheoperatoroftheoverheadcranebecausethe wheel came in out of plane and did not slid onto the shaft easily. All new designs on the components andmechanismmettheOSHAweightstandardsandindustryfactorsofsafetyaswell.

63A TheAnalysisofManufacturingDimethylEtherforTransportationSamuelCappelli

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.DouglasPrice,MentorDimethylether(DME)isconsideredtobeasteptowardsnear-zeroparticulateemissionofmotorvehicleswhenutilizedasatransportationfuel.Withseveralvariousmeansofproduction,manyofwhicharesustainable,DMEpossesseskeycharacteristics that lend itself to a preferable alternative to common fuels used. Consequently, this project aims toperformaproductionanalysisofaplantproducinghighvolumesofDME,andwhetheritisaviablesubstitutetogasordiesel.Thisisaccomplishedbytheground-updesignofafunctioningplant,withfinalrecommendationsmadebasedonconsiderationssurroundingoverallcosts,humanandenvironmentalsafety,andtechnical/businessriskanalyses.

64B UseofComputationalFluidDynamicstoStudySinusCavityDeformitiesJenniferMarkleyandNicoleElston

CaseWesternReserveUniversity KaiZhao,MentorUseofComputationalFluidDynamicstoStudySinusCavityDeformities EmptyNoseSyndrome(ENS)andNasalSeptal Perforation (NSP) are rare nasal abnormalities that affect the aerodynamics of air flow. Computational FluidDynamics(CFD)canhelptotreatbothoftheseabnormalities,astheycanbeusedtocomparetheaerodynamicsofENSor NSP patients' sinus cavities to that of healthy patients. CFD is a method of analysis that combines the areas ofcomputer science, numerical analysis, and fluid dynamics. It is commonly used tomeasure the velocity and flow ofparticlesthroughcells.Thismakesitaveryusefultooltoanalyzetheflowofparticleswithinrespiratorysystems.RecentstudieshaveusedthistechniquetostudybothEmptyNoseSyndromeandNasalSeptalPerforations.

65A TheSynthesisandCombustionofBiofuelsAlexandriaProx,ChristopherChurley

ClevelandStateUniversity VaniaDePaoli,MentorFossilFuelsareexpensiveandcauseharmto theenvironment inmanydifferentways.Whileusing fossil fuels isveryeasythedemandisveryhighandtheresourcesaregoingtobecomemorelimitedastimegoeson.Lookingatthewaytheworldischangingandhowdependentthehumanraceisontheseresources.ResearchinBio-fuelsisthelookintothe futurewhen looking for fuel and clean energy to replace fossil fuels. The project's focuswas on three differentsourcesthatcouldbeusedincreatingthisenergy.Inordertoseeifthesourcewasfeasiblefortheusesthecombustionrate needed to be tested as well. The ability of fossil fuels compared bio-fuels are the target point. The future willrequireanewfuelsourceandfindingthatsourcesoonerthenlaterwillbebeneficial.

66B VallourecDeoxNozzleJustinStellmar

YoungstownStateUniversity StephanMoldovan,MentorTheVallourecdeoxnozzleprojectisanoptimizationproject.Thedeoxprocessisusedintheseamlesstubeprocesstoinertthe insideofashellofsteel,meltoxidizedsteel,and lubricatetheshells interiorbeforetheshell ismilled intoa

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finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

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71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlab

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TiffanyNguyen,PatrickHogrell,AndrewWiecekCaseWesternReserveUniversity ViraChankong,Mentor

InthiscasestudyImodeledthespreadofHIVina100x100pixelenvironment,whereonepixelrepresentsasinglecell.Themainpartof the case study involveda600week simulationofHIVunderdifferent conditionsofdrug therapies.Therewere9different rank levels for thedrugseffectivenessand3differentconditions for thecells response to thedrug.WiththisIsimulated12weeksofHIVgrowth,600weeksofHIVgrowth,theneachranklevelofdrugtherapyover600weekswithaconstantresponserate,adecreasingdiscreteresponse,andanincreasinglinearresponse.ThebaseofmyMatlabcodewasbasedonacodegiveninclass,whichwasthenmodifiedandexpandedtosimulateHIV.

72B SafetySimulation:TheGamificationofEmployeeTrainingArikStewartCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Every day, employees who work physically demanding jobs such as construction or field service often risk injuringthemselveswhile using non-safe practices on the job. Companies should be usingmodern technology tominimalizetheserisksemployeesfacebutstillmaximizingtheexperienceinwhichhands-ontrainingcanonlyprovide.Apossibleapproachtosolvingthisproblemisthroughthegamificationoffieldtrainingbyusingsimulations,or"videogames",topracticetasksinarisk-freeenvironment.

73A AstrocyteImageSegmentationDavidCarlyn,LanaFrankle,AkhilKumarGoudKoothal

KentStateUniversity Dr.ChengChangLu,Dr.RobertClements,MentorsImage segmentation is a complex area of work that, when perfected, could create a plethora of innovation anddiscoveries. Our curent research focuses on using image segmentation to extract data of astrocyte cells, the mostabundantglialcellsfoundwithinthebrain.

74B ActuarialAnalysisofExpectedLongTermNursingHomeCostsJosephineSabatino,SarahCook

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorWe were asked by a local attorney to calculate future nursing home costs for people above the age 55. With theincreasingrateofpeopleenteringnursinghomes,andneedinglongtermcare,weprojectedtheexpectedannualcostsofprivateandsemiprivatenursinghomeroomsoverthenext25years.WeusedActuarialMathematicalprinciplestofindtheexpectedcostfordifferentagegroupsrangingfrom55-95+.Ourfindingsconcludedthatitisimportanttosaveandinvestyourmoneyeffectivelyinordertoprepareforfuturecosts.

75A CommunicationPatternsEffectonPrivacyKelseySmith,FosterCapan

KentStateUniversity MahaAllouzi,MentorWewillbestudyingtheeffectofpatternsincommunicationonprivacy.Privacyisisolatedinformationsharedbetweentwo people. In themodernworld, communication on socialmedia, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, is veryimportantandprivateinformationcanbehardtokeepprivateandisolatedfromothers.Inthisproject,wearegoingtolookat theshortestpaths incommunicationandthenproposeanalgorithmthatwill improvetheprivacyofnetworkcommunication.WewilllookatminimizingtheleakageofinformationbetweenpersonAandpersonB.

76B Believeitornot:TheFibonacciSeriesNatalieAlfano,ClareDubecky,AmyDittebrand,CharlieJindra

KentStateUniversity BrianCook,MentorTheFibonaccisequenceisamathematicalseries inwhicheachnumberisdeterminedbythesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.ItwasinventedbyLeonardoFibonacciandhasbeenfoundtoaccuratelypredictgrowthinlivingthings.FromtheFibonaccisequencecomestheGoldenRatio,whichcanbeusedtocalculateanyFibonaccinumber.Wewillexploreitsuse inmathematics,where thegolden ratio isused to solve variousenumerationproblems, and innature,whereseemingly unpredictable growth of plants, foods, and even animal breeding, can be determined all by the samesequenceofpredictablenumbers.

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finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

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71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlab18

finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

Mathematics,Statistics,andComputerScience

71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlab

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finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

107A Self-supportingKneeBrace AlexanderShimek CaseWesternReserveUniversity MalcolmCooke,MentorMultiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's, and progressive muscle weakness are all characterized by aninability to carry a normal stridewhich subsequently results in frequent falls. Traditionally, knee braces are used toprovidesupporttothekneestopreventthis;however,thisprojectaimstoconstructamorepreventativekneebracewitha lockingmechanism. Itwill provide supportwhen theuser's knee fails andpreventhim/her from fallingwhilemaintainingtheprofileandweightofatypicalkneebrace.Themechanismisweightactuatedwhichwilllockthebrace

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intheuprightpositionaslongasthereisweightontheleg.Thisallowsfornearfullrangemotioninallothersituations.Thismechanismwill bepurelymechanical and is a reduced versionof the technologyused in a stance control knee-ankle-footorthesis.

Mathematics,Statistics,andComputerScience

71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlabTiffanyNguyen,PatrickHogrell,AndrewWiecek

CaseWesternReserveUniversity ViraChankong,MentorInthiscasestudyImodeledthespreadofHIVina100x100pixelenvironment,whereonepixelrepresentsasinglecell.Themainpartof the case study involveda600week simulationofHIVunderdifferent conditionsofdrug therapies.Therewere9different rank levels for thedrugseffectivenessand3differentconditions for thecells response to thedrug.WiththisIsimulated12weeksofHIVgrowth,600weeksofHIVgrowth,theneachranklevelofdrugtherapyover600weekswithaconstantresponserate,adecreasingdiscreteresponse,andanincreasinglinearresponse.ThebaseofmyMatlabcodewasbasedonacodegiveninclass,whichwasthenmodifiedandexpandedtosimulateHIV.

72B SafetySimulation:TheGamificationofEmployeeTrainingArikStewartCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Every day, employees who work physically demanding jobs such as construction or field service often risk injuringthemselveswhile using non-safe practices on the job. Companies should be usingmodern technology tominimalizetheserisksemployeesfacebutstillmaximizingtheexperienceinwhichhands-ontrainingcanonlyprovide.Apossibleapproachtosolvingthisproblemisthroughthegamificationoffieldtrainingbyusingsimulations,or"videogames",topracticetasksinarisk-freeenvironment.

73A AstrocyteImageSegmentationDavidCarlyn,LanaFrankle,AkhilKumarGoudKoothal

KentStateUniversity Dr.ChengChangLu,Dr.RobertClements,MentorsImage segmentation is a complex area of work that, when perfected, could create a plethora of innovation anddiscoveries. Our curent research focuses on using image segmentation to extract data of astrocyte cells, the mostabundantglialcellsfoundwithinthebrain.

74B ActuarialAnalysisofExpectedLongTermNursingHomeCostsJosephineSabatino,SarahCook

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorWe were asked by a local attorney to calculate future nursing home costs for people above the age 55. With theincreasingrateofpeopleenteringnursinghomes,andneedinglongtermcare,weprojectedtheexpectedannualcostsofprivateandsemiprivatenursinghomeroomsoverthenext25years.WeusedActuarialMathematicalprinciplestofindtheexpectedcostfordifferentagegroupsrangingfrom55-95+.Ourfindingsconcludedthatitisimportanttosaveandinvestyourmoneyeffectivelyinordertoprepareforfuturecosts.

75A CommunicationPatternsEffectonPrivacyKelseySmith,FosterCapan

KentStateUniversity MahaAllouzi,MentorWewillbestudyingtheeffectofpatternsincommunicationonprivacy.Privacyisisolatedinformationsharedbetweentwo people. In themodernworld, communication on socialmedia, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, is very

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TiffanyNguyen,PatrickHogrell,AndrewWiecekCaseWesternReserveUniversity ViraChankong,Mentor

InthiscasestudyImodeledthespreadofHIVina100x100pixelenvironment,whereonepixelrepresentsasinglecell.Themainpartof the case study involveda600week simulationofHIVunderdifferent conditionsofdrug therapies.Therewere9different rank levels for thedrugseffectivenessand3differentconditions for thecells response to thedrug.WiththisIsimulated12weeksofHIVgrowth,600weeksofHIVgrowth,theneachranklevelofdrugtherapyover600weekswithaconstantresponserate,adecreasingdiscreteresponse,andanincreasinglinearresponse.ThebaseofmyMatlabcodewasbasedonacodegiveninclass,whichwasthenmodifiedandexpandedtosimulateHIV.

72B SafetySimulation:TheGamificationofEmployeeTrainingArikStewartCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Every day, employees who work physically demanding jobs such as construction or field service often risk injuringthemselveswhile using non-safe practices on the job. Companies should be usingmodern technology tominimalizetheserisksemployeesfacebutstillmaximizingtheexperienceinwhichhands-ontrainingcanonlyprovide.Apossibleapproachtosolvingthisproblemisthroughthegamificationoffieldtrainingbyusingsimulations,or"videogames",topracticetasksinarisk-freeenvironment.

73A AstrocyteImageSegmentationDavidCarlyn,LanaFrankle,AkhilKumarGoudKoothal

KentStateUniversity Dr.ChengChangLu,Dr.RobertClements,MentorsImage segmentation is a complex area of work that, when perfected, could create a plethora of innovation anddiscoveries. Our curent research focuses on using image segmentation to extract data of astrocyte cells, the mostabundantglialcellsfoundwithinthebrain.

74B ActuarialAnalysisofExpectedLongTermNursingHomeCostsJosephineSabatino,SarahCook

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorWe were asked by a local attorney to calculate future nursing home costs for people above the age 55. With theincreasingrateofpeopleenteringnursinghomes,andneedinglongtermcare,weprojectedtheexpectedannualcostsofprivateandsemiprivatenursinghomeroomsoverthenext25years.WeusedActuarialMathematicalprinciplestofindtheexpectedcostfordifferentagegroupsrangingfrom55-95+.Ourfindingsconcludedthatitisimportanttosaveandinvestyourmoneyeffectivelyinordertoprepareforfuturecosts.

75A CommunicationPatternsEffectonPrivacyKelseySmith,FosterCapan

KentStateUniversity MahaAllouzi,MentorWewillbestudyingtheeffectofpatternsincommunicationonprivacy.Privacyisisolatedinformationsharedbetweentwo people. In themodernworld, communication on socialmedia, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, is veryimportantandprivateinformationcanbehardtokeepprivateandisolatedfromothers.Inthisproject,wearegoingtolookat theshortestpaths incommunicationandthenproposeanalgorithmthatwill improvetheprivacyofnetworkcommunication.WewilllookatminimizingtheleakageofinformationbetweenpersonAandpersonB.

76B Believeitornot:TheFibonacciSeriesNatalieAlfano,ClareDubecky,AmyDittebrand,CharlieJindra

KentStateUniversity BrianCook,MentorTheFibonaccisequenceisamathematicalseries inwhicheachnumberisdeterminedbythesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.ItwasinventedbyLeonardoFibonacciandhasbeenfoundtoaccuratelypredictgrowthinlivingthings.FromtheFibonaccisequencecomestheGoldenRatio,whichcanbeusedtocalculateanyFibonaccinumber.Wewillexploreitsuse inmathematics,where thegolden ratio isused to solve variousenumerationproblems, and innature,whereseemingly unpredictable growth of plants, foods, and even animal breeding, can be determined all by the samesequenceofpredictablenumbers.

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finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

Mathematics,Statistics,andComputerScience

71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlab18

finishedpipe.Thedeoxmixture is applied toa steel shell immediatelyafter the shell is formedand still glowinghot.Optimizationofthenozzle isachievedwithadditivemanufacturingprocessestocreateanozzlegeometrythatevenlydistributes thedeoxmixtureacross the inner shell surface.Verificationof thenozzledesign is verifiedwith industrialtestingaswellasnumericalanalysesthroughFLUENT.

67A Tri-C'sExtremeGreenEcosystemsExperienceStevenFairley

CuyahogaCommunityCollege Dr.BilalBomani,MentorIamresearchingapotentialeXtremeGreensolutionthatcanpotentiallyoptimizetheworld'swaterandfoodresources.EXtremeGreen is a conceptoriginallydevelopedatNASA'sGreenLabResearch Facilitywhere renewable, alternative,andsustainable techniqueswereresearchedand implemented. Iamutilizing twoportable, self-sustainingrenewableecosystemscontainingthreeplantspecies(Limacamelina,Salicorniaeuropea,andSalicorniasubterminalis). Iamalsoinvestigatinga climatic adaption techniqueby salinitizingeachecosystem from freshwater tobeyond seawater levelsandonlyusePoeciliaspeciesfish(FreshwaterMollies)asanaturalfertilizertoprovideessentialnutrientsfortheplants.I amconductinga10-weekstudywithagoalofdeveloping reliable,portable, self-sustainable, renewableecosystemsthatcanbeimplementedworldwide.

68B What'sinyourWater?ClaudiaBougebrayel,LukeCandow,CassandraDircks,andTaraPena

ClevelandStateUniversity FasongYuan,MentorOn adaily basis, over 11millionpeople rely on Lake Erie as theirmainwater source.As a result of Lake Erie's closeproximitytovarious industrialcities,themostprevalentexamplebeingCleveland,Ohio,theconcentrationsofvariouselements have subsequently increased. Upon analyzing data from both a geological science professor's previousresearchaswellasvariousonlinesources,wehopetoprovideacorrelationbetweentheincreasingconcentrationofthecontaminants,specifically,Chromium,Aluminum,andLeadandtheireffectonwaterqualityofLakeErie.

69A YSUGreenInfrastructurePlanJosephAgati,DanielBancroft,AustinSnovak

YoungstownStateUniversity RobertKorenic,JosephSanson,MentorsOurresearchgroupoutlinedagreeninfrastructureplanforpriorityareasthroughouttheYoungstownStateUniversitycampus.Overlandflowcalculationswereperformedtoevaluatethesiteinitscurrentstateandthesiteafteritwouldberemodeledtoimproverainwaterflow.Environmentalsustainabilitywaskeptinmind,throughincorporatingpermeablepavement, raingardens,andbioswales.The finalpriorityof theprojectwas tomake theareamoreappealing to thecampus community. Furthering this, by selecting priority areas campus-wide, a action plan was also completed tosummarizetheactionswewouldliketoseedoneineachofthestudyareas.

70B DemonstrationsforSignalsandSystemsCourseworkRachelBoedicker

CaseWesternReserveUniversity DavidKazdan,MentorDemonstrations were prepared for the EECS 246 Signals and Systems course. The demonstrations made use ofelectromagnetic, acoustic, and physical phenomena to integrate engineering practice into a primarily mathematicsdrivencourse.Thegoalofthedemonstrationswastoshowcasephase,frequency,signalmodulation,andsamplingusingactivitiesortechniquesthatapplymathematicalcourseworktotherealworld.

Mathematics,Statistics,andComputerScience

71A BasicSimulationofHIVinMatlab

19

TiffanyNguyen,PatrickHogrell,AndrewWiecekCaseWesternReserveUniversity ViraChankong,Mentor

InthiscasestudyImodeledthespreadofHIVina100x100pixelenvironment,whereonepixelrepresentsasinglecell.Themainpartof the case study involveda600week simulationofHIVunderdifferent conditionsofdrug therapies.Therewere9different rank levels for thedrugseffectivenessand3differentconditions for thecells response to thedrug.WiththisIsimulated12weeksofHIVgrowth,600weeksofHIVgrowth,theneachranklevelofdrugtherapyover600weekswithaconstantresponserate,adecreasingdiscreteresponse,andanincreasinglinearresponse.ThebaseofmyMatlabcodewasbasedonacodegiveninclass,whichwasthenmodifiedandexpandedtosimulateHIV.

72B SafetySimulation:TheGamificationofEmployeeTrainingArikStewartCaseWesternReserveUniversity

Every day, employees who work physically demanding jobs such as construction or field service often risk injuringthemselveswhile using non-safe practices on the job. Companies should be usingmodern technology tominimalizetheserisksemployeesfacebutstillmaximizingtheexperienceinwhichhands-ontrainingcanonlyprovide.Apossibleapproachtosolvingthisproblemisthroughthegamificationoffieldtrainingbyusingsimulations,or"videogames",topracticetasksinarisk-freeenvironment.

73A AstrocyteImageSegmentationDavidCarlyn,LanaFrankle,AkhilKumarGoudKoothal

KentStateUniversity Dr.ChengChangLu,Dr.RobertClements,MentorsImage segmentation is a complex area of work that, when perfected, could create a plethora of innovation anddiscoveries. Our curent research focuses on using image segmentation to extract data of astrocyte cells, the mostabundantglialcellsfoundwithinthebrain.

74B ActuarialAnalysisofExpectedLongTermNursingHomeCostsJosephineSabatino,SarahCook

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorWe were asked by a local attorney to calculate future nursing home costs for people above the age 55. With theincreasingrateofpeopleenteringnursinghomes,andneedinglongtermcare,weprojectedtheexpectedannualcostsofprivateandsemiprivatenursinghomeroomsoverthenext25years.WeusedActuarialMathematicalprinciplestofindtheexpectedcostfordifferentagegroupsrangingfrom55-95+.Ourfindingsconcludedthatitisimportanttosaveandinvestyourmoneyeffectivelyinordertoprepareforfuturecosts.

75A CommunicationPatternsEffectonPrivacyKelseySmith,FosterCapan

KentStateUniversity MahaAllouzi,MentorWewillbestudyingtheeffectofpatternsincommunicationonprivacy.Privacyisisolatedinformationsharedbetweentwo people. In themodernworld, communication on socialmedia, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Snapchat, is veryimportantandprivateinformationcanbehardtokeepprivateandisolatedfromothers.Inthisproject,wearegoingtolookat theshortestpaths incommunicationandthenproposeanalgorithmthatwill improvetheprivacyofnetworkcommunication.WewilllookatminimizingtheleakageofinformationbetweenpersonAandpersonB.

76B Believeitornot:TheFibonacciSeriesNatalieAlfano,ClareDubecky,AmyDittebrand,CharlieJindra

KentStateUniversity BrianCook,MentorTheFibonaccisequenceisamathematicalseries inwhicheachnumberisdeterminedbythesumoftheprevioustwonumbers.ItwasinventedbyLeonardoFibonacciandhasbeenfoundtoaccuratelypredictgrowthinlivingthings.FromtheFibonaccisequencecomestheGoldenRatio,whichcanbeusedtocalculateanyFibonaccinumber.Wewillexploreitsuse inmathematics,where thegolden ratio isused to solve variousenumerationproblems, and innature,whereseemingly unpredictable growth of plants, foods, and even animal breeding, can be determined all by the samesequenceofpredictablenumbers.

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ThiswillbringalotofinsightintohownutritiousthemealshereareatKentandtoseeifwereallyaregettingthemostoutofthefoodoffered.

82B ExploringGeneratingFunctionsasAppliedtoRandomWalksHannahTepley,ChrisThompson,SarahToth

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.BarbaraMargolius,MentorGeneratingfunctionsprovideconvenienttoolstounderstandthebehaviorofinfinitesequences.Amorespecificformofthesefunctions isaprobabilitygeneratingfunction,whichcanalsobeutilizedtofindtheexpectedvalueofadiscreterandom variable. In our study, we used concepts from probability theory to explore Poisson probability generatingfunctionsandusedthemalongwithPoissondistributionstomodela randomwalk inaplane.WiththeuseofEuler'sFormula,wewereabletofindwherethesefunctionsconverged,diverged,andthedirectionstheymovedwiththeirrealandimaginarycomponents.Thisthenleadsustomorecomplexformsoffunctionsandhowtheycanthenbetranslatedintomore complicated randomwalks. These randomwalks can be applied to real life with the study of populationgenetics,visionscience,andthepsychologyofdecisionmaking.

83A MobileServiceRoboticsHonorFournier,ZoeyPincelli,JackWinterich,AlecWiggins

ClevelandStateUniversity ShiqiZhang,MentorEveryday,technologicaladvancementsarebeingmadethathavethepotentialtohelphumansintheireverydaylives.ThecapabilitiesofAIarelimitless,withseveraldifferentusesthatthisposterwillhighlight.OneoftheAIdiscussedinthisposterisacombinationrobotandAIpersonalshoppingassistantwhichwilldemonstratemachinelearningandthegrowthofhuman-AIinteraction.AnotherexampleofroboticspresentedwillbeSTRANDS,aprojectdedicatedtolong-runningautonomousrobots that isaimed for increasing thescopeof roboticsecurityandsurveillanceaswellascareand customer service. TheAI and robotic systemdiscussed and experimentedwithwithin the last article concerns arobotic system that can assist and become an integrated part of a building complex, which documents manyexperiments,mostnotablyonesrelatedtolearningandverbalinstruction.

84B GeneralizedFibonacciSequencesLaurenSmith,EmmettO'FlanaganKentStateUniversity

WeintendtoexploreintogeneralizedFibonaccisequences.WehopethatbyexploringthistopicwecanfindauseforgeneralizedFibonaccisequencesinthefieldsofmathematics.

85A ModelingTemporalVariationsinEscherichiacoliatVillaAngelaBeachinCleveland,OhioAlexJohnson,ShoTanaka,JemimaUkwela,AlexaRoberts

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.BarbaraMargolius,MentorTheNortheastOhioRegionalSewerDistrict(NEORSD)isapublicutilitydistrictinCuyahogaandSummitCounty.NEORSDmanagesthreewastewatertreatmentplantsserving62communities,overonemillionresidents,and90billiongallonsofwastewaterayear.ThisprojectlookstoexaminethebeachclosingmodelforVillaAngelaBeachusingthemodelingsoftwareVirtualBeach.Variableschosentoexamineinthemodelwerewaveheight,flowfromEuclidCreek,andlaketurbidity.WefoundE.ColihasadifferentmechanismforgrowinginJulyandAugustthanintheothermonthsduringthebeachrecreationalseason.Basedonourresults.werecommendedtheNEORSDcreateandtestmultiplemodelsduringtheseasonandsandsamplemoreoften.

86B MathematicalModelofWindTurbinePowerOutputChristineCampbell,JakeDerkacs

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.ShawnRyan,MentorTheresearchdonebyArantxaTapia,GerardoTapia,J.XabierOstolaza,andJoséRamónSáenz,aimstorepresentamathematicalmodelofawindturbinedrivenbyadoublyfedinductionmachineandmodelsafewexamplesofreal-lifeperformance of thesemachines. Themodel demonstrates the operating conditions of themachine both above andbelowthesynchronousspeedwhichprovidestheidealpoweroutput.Thismodelingispossibleviatheuseofadouble-sidedPMVconverter,whichconnects therotor to thepowergrid. This researcherutilizedMATLAB,SIMULINK,and

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othermachinestoarriveatamodel.Themodelofthewindgeneratorisdesignedtoshowhowacontrolstrategycanbeusedtomanipulatethepowerfactoroftheenergythatthewindgeneratorsupplies.

87A ModernApplicationsofCryptographyJacobHaller,MaxwellKotlan,MiraShahKentStateUniversity

Encryptionisusedtosecurelytransmitsensitivedata.Theprocesshasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,andisnowmore widely used than ever. We will explain a brief history of encryption and cryptography, as well as modernapplications,suchascryptocurrenciesandtheencryptionofwebsitesandemails.

88B Predictingdrop-outratesofstudentsGarrettAnderson,JeremySidoti,ChristianHarwick,KarlaMcGinty

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorIn order to help Kent State University retain more of their students, we set out to find the probability of studentsdropping out based on different characteristics. These characteristics include income, ethnicity, GPA, age, campusinvolvement, whether they were a first-generation college student andmany others. We are using data previouslycollectedfromtheInstitutionalResearchDepartmentatKentState.

89A NaturalLanguageBasedNeuralActivityClassificationUsingNeuralNetworkAnthonyHill,FirausOdeh,JamesHayes,ElizabethDurflinger,CameronHoward

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.CoskunBayrak,MentorNeural activity recording is the process of scanning individual neurons in the brain, and recording their activity inresponse to specific stimuli. The team has put together a language based neural activity study, where bilingual andmonolingual test subjects are assessed with a 14 point brain scanning device that allows the team tomonitor, andrecord,neuralactivityofeachsubjectwhilebeingpresentedwithlanguagespecificstimulus.Thisdataisusedtoanalyzedifferencesinneuronactivitybetweenbilingualandmonolingualsubjects.Theteamexpectstoobservegreaterneuralactivityinbilingualsubjectswhileassessingavisualstimulus.

90B QueueingTheoryAppliedtoOrganTransplantWaitingListsHannahLipka,KristenReyes,KorinVaughn

ClevelandStateUniversity BarbaraHMargoliusPh.D.,MentorQueueingtheoryisthemathematicalstudyofwaitinginlines,orqueues.Bytakingadifferentialapproachtomodelthewaittimeforanorgantransplant,wecanefficientlyallocateorgandonorstothosewhoneedthem.Themostinvolvedcase canbe simplified, yet still effective. In this case, onlyO-blood typedonors andO-blood typepatients are beingconsidered. Additionally, only the rate of donors available, the rate of death, and the rate of patients coming in arebeingmodeled.

91A PaintCansEmilyHerendeenandJoeOglioKentStateUniversity

Forourproject,westudiedpaintabsorptionandprogrammingusingPython.Withsomepractice,wefoundaneasierwaytowriteourprogram.Thisprogramwillcalculatehowmanycansofpaintonewillneedinordertopaintaspecifiedamountofroomsintheirhouse.Wekeptinminderrormeasurementsmadebythehomeowneraswellasexcesspaintbeingabsorbedinthebrushorleftinthepan.Beingaswearenotprofessionalprogrammersorpainters,wehopethismay inspire someone to take on this possible project or one similar to it and contribute to the Fourth IndustrialRevolution.

92B Re-inventingtheWheel:ATangentCircleLeonRockamore,Jr,AaronHerrmann

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.Gupkin,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastoconstructaformulatofindthetangentcirclebetweenanygiventhreepointsthatlieonacurve.Wedidthisbyusingbasicgeometricandalgebraicprinciples,asopposedtomoreadvancedmathsuchascalculus,soitcanbeunderstoodandappliedfromadifferentperspective.Usingsaidprincinples,wewereabletocome

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77A EvaluatingComputerProcessingEfficiencyThroughSquareMatrixDecryptionAnthonyCampagna,HaydenFerencz,ShadiZogheib

ClevelandStateUniversity YongjianFu,MentorIn the modern technological age, the need to develop more efficient and robust cybersecurity methods remains aprimary issue.Atthesametime,developmentoffastercomputationalhardware-especiallyatthecommercial level-caninadvertentlyrendercertainencryptionpracticesobsolete,leavingone’spersonalinformationatrisk.Thepurposeof this study is to observe the efficiency at which commercial PC systems could decode messages encrypted via acolumnartranspositioncipher.Messagesarearrangedinanmxnmatrix,wherenisadefinedkeywordlengthandmisthenumberof rowsneeded towriteout themessage. Eachmatrix thenhasn!ways the columns canbepermuted,creatingtheencryption.Decryptiontimewastestedusingmessagesacrosskeywordsbetween2-12characters.Findingssupportthehypothesisthatmorepowerfulprocessorsdecreasetheoveralldecryptiontime.

78B BlockchainTechnologyandHowitwillRevolutionizeOurDigitalWorldHunterSamf,MikeMeaney,AnthonyPonzani

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.PongP.Chu,MentorBlockchain is revolutionizing the digital world by bringing a new perspective to security, efficiency, and stability ofsystemsanddata.Blockchainisadigitized,decentralized,immutable,publicledgerinwhichdigitaleventsareapprovedand shared with all parties. It has almost infinite applications, and its concepts are transferable to a wide range ofindustrieswheresecurity,scalability,andefficiencyarecritical.Thisprojectaimstoprovideanoverviewandexplainthecore concepts andprinciples behind it.Wewill identify its shortcomings andoutlinepotential solutions. Further, theproject explores the potential impact of the technology in differentmarkets and its implementation in cutting-edgeapplications. Finally, we discuss the challenges with the widespread adoption of this disruptive and foundationaltechnologythatissettorevolutionizeourdigitalworld.

79A FeeInclusiveTuitionAlexandraBallow,HannahSenediak,MitchellFranko,MichaelKacir

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.Sturrus,MentorCurrentlycollegetuitionitselfisfrozen,butthecollegeneedstokeepupwiththemarket,sotomatchinflation,collegeschargefees.Studentsknowwhattheirtuitionitselfwillcostbutwithaddedfeesevergrowingandchanging,studentsdon'tknowhowmuchtheywillactuallyowe. Inanattempttosolvethisproblem,we lookedatawaytoconsolidatecollegetuitionandtheirfees.Todothiswelookedattheaveragefeecostperstudentpermajoranddividedthattotalfeecostamongthenumberofprojectedyearsthatstudentwillbeincollege.So,eachmajorwillhaveadifferenttuitionprice.Toensureourmethodworkswecreatedahypotheticaluniversitywithtwocollegesandsevenmajors.Oncewehadamockuniversitywewereabletorundifferentsimulationsandcomparisonstoseeifchargingtuitionthiswayisbetterthanthewayuniversitieshavebeenchargingtuition.

80B DifferencebetweenprofitsMichaelMishak,CJRoth

KentStateUniversity V.ReneeGiermann,MentorTheprojectwillgothroughtheaccountingandeconomicprofitandhowtheydiffer.Withthisprojectwewillbepickingasmallbusinessandcalculatetheaccountingandeconomicprofit;intheendwewillsummarizewithwhatcalculationyieldsthemostaccurate'profit'forthesmallbusiness.

81A KentStateStatisticalAnalysisofNutritionComparedtoOtherUniversitiesMaxLapollaKentStateUniversity

Kent State offers a variety of different foods to satisfy everyone's nutritional needs from vegan to peanut-freeoptions.HoweverdoesKentStatehaveanoverallnutritiousmealandhowdoesitcomparetootheruniversitiesrangingfrompublictoprivate.ThisiswhatIamtryingtodiscoverinmystatisticalanalysisofthenutritionatKentState.Thisisfoundbyfindingavarietyofmealsandaskingstudentswhattheyeatforagivenmeal,andthenaveragingoutthedatato findwhat an averagemeal nutritionwouldbe. Then Iwill go to a fewother schools and findout they're averagemealsandcompare.AlongwiththisdataIwillconstructamealplanforastudenttogetthemostoutoftheirmeals.

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ThiswillbringalotofinsightintohownutritiousthemealshereareatKentandtoseeifwereallyaregettingthemostoutofthefoodoffered.

82B ExploringGeneratingFunctionsasAppliedtoRandomWalksHannahTepley,ChrisThompson,SarahToth

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.BarbaraMargolius,MentorGeneratingfunctionsprovideconvenienttoolstounderstandthebehaviorofinfinitesequences.Amorespecificformofthesefunctions isaprobabilitygeneratingfunction,whichcanalsobeutilizedtofindtheexpectedvalueofadiscreterandom variable. In our study, we used concepts from probability theory to explore Poisson probability generatingfunctionsandusedthemalongwithPoissondistributionstomodela randomwalk inaplane.WiththeuseofEuler'sFormula,wewereabletofindwherethesefunctionsconverged,diverged,andthedirectionstheymovedwiththeirrealandimaginarycomponents.Thisthenleadsustomorecomplexformsoffunctionsandhowtheycanthenbetranslatedintomore complicated randomwalks. These randomwalks can be applied to real life with the study of populationgenetics,visionscience,andthepsychologyofdecisionmaking.

83A MobileServiceRoboticsHonorFournier,ZoeyPincelli,JackWinterich,AlecWiggins

ClevelandStateUniversity ShiqiZhang,MentorEveryday,technologicaladvancementsarebeingmadethathavethepotentialtohelphumansintheireverydaylives.ThecapabilitiesofAIarelimitless,withseveraldifferentusesthatthisposterwillhighlight.OneoftheAIdiscussedinthisposterisacombinationrobotandAIpersonalshoppingassistantwhichwilldemonstratemachinelearningandthegrowthofhuman-AIinteraction.AnotherexampleofroboticspresentedwillbeSTRANDS,aprojectdedicatedtolong-runningautonomousrobots that isaimed for increasing thescopeof roboticsecurityandsurveillanceaswellascareand customer service. TheAI and robotic systemdiscussed and experimentedwithwithin the last article concerns arobotic system that can assist and become an integrated part of a building complex, which documents manyexperiments,mostnotablyonesrelatedtolearningandverbalinstruction.

84B GeneralizedFibonacciSequencesLaurenSmith,EmmettO'FlanaganKentStateUniversity

WeintendtoexploreintogeneralizedFibonaccisequences.WehopethatbyexploringthistopicwecanfindauseforgeneralizedFibonaccisequencesinthefieldsofmathematics.

85A ModelingTemporalVariationsinEscherichiacoliatVillaAngelaBeachinCleveland,OhioAlexJohnson,ShoTanaka,JemimaUkwela,AlexaRoberts

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.BarbaraMargolius,MentorTheNortheastOhioRegionalSewerDistrict(NEORSD)isapublicutilitydistrictinCuyahogaandSummitCounty.NEORSDmanagesthreewastewatertreatmentplantsserving62communities,overonemillionresidents,and90billiongallonsofwastewaterayear.ThisprojectlookstoexaminethebeachclosingmodelforVillaAngelaBeachusingthemodelingsoftwareVirtualBeach.Variableschosentoexamineinthemodelwerewaveheight,flowfromEuclidCreek,andlaketurbidity.WefoundE.ColihasadifferentmechanismforgrowinginJulyandAugustthanintheothermonthsduringthebeachrecreationalseason.Basedonourresults.werecommendedtheNEORSDcreateandtestmultiplemodelsduringtheseasonandsandsamplemoreoften.

86B MathematicalModelofWindTurbinePowerOutputChristineCampbell,JakeDerkacs

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.ShawnRyan,MentorTheresearchdonebyArantxaTapia,GerardoTapia,J.XabierOstolaza,andJoséRamónSáenz,aimstorepresentamathematicalmodelofawindturbinedrivenbyadoublyfedinductionmachineandmodelsafewexamplesofreal-lifeperformance of thesemachines. Themodel demonstrates the operating conditions of themachine both above andbelowthesynchronousspeedwhichprovidestheidealpoweroutput.Thismodelingispossibleviatheuseofadouble-sidedPMVconverter,whichconnects therotor to thepowergrid. This researcherutilizedMATLAB,SIMULINK,and

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othermachinestoarriveatamodel.Themodelofthewindgeneratorisdesignedtoshowhowacontrolstrategycanbeusedtomanipulatethepowerfactoroftheenergythatthewindgeneratorsupplies.

87A ModernApplicationsofCryptographyJacobHaller,MaxwellKotlan,MiraShahKentStateUniversity

Encryptionisusedtosecurelytransmitsensitivedata.Theprocesshasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,andisnowmore widely used than ever. We will explain a brief history of encryption and cryptography, as well as modernapplications,suchascryptocurrenciesandtheencryptionofwebsitesandemails.

88B Predictingdrop-outratesofstudentsGarrettAnderson,JeremySidoti,ChristianHarwick,KarlaMcGinty

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorIn order to help Kent State University retain more of their students, we set out to find the probability of studentsdropping out based on different characteristics. These characteristics include income, ethnicity, GPA, age, campusinvolvement, whether they were a first-generation college student andmany others. We are using data previouslycollectedfromtheInstitutionalResearchDepartmentatKentState.

89A NaturalLanguageBasedNeuralActivityClassificationUsingNeuralNetworkAnthonyHill,FirausOdeh,JamesHayes,ElizabethDurflinger,CameronHoward

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.CoskunBayrak,MentorNeural activity recording is the process of scanning individual neurons in the brain, and recording their activity inresponse to specific stimuli. The team has put together a language based neural activity study, where bilingual andmonolingual test subjects are assessed with a 14 point brain scanning device that allows the team tomonitor, andrecord,neuralactivityofeachsubjectwhilebeingpresentedwithlanguagespecificstimulus.Thisdataisusedtoanalyzedifferencesinneuronactivitybetweenbilingualandmonolingualsubjects.Theteamexpectstoobservegreaterneuralactivityinbilingualsubjectswhileassessingavisualstimulus.

90B QueueingTheoryAppliedtoOrganTransplantWaitingListsHannahLipka,KristenReyes,KorinVaughn

ClevelandStateUniversity BarbaraHMargoliusPh.D.,MentorQueueingtheoryisthemathematicalstudyofwaitinginlines,orqueues.Bytakingadifferentialapproachtomodelthewaittimeforanorgantransplant,wecanefficientlyallocateorgandonorstothosewhoneedthem.Themostinvolvedcase canbe simplified, yet still effective. In this case, onlyO-blood typedonors andO-blood typepatients are beingconsidered. Additionally, only the rate of donors available, the rate of death, and the rate of patients coming in arebeingmodeled.

91A PaintCansEmilyHerendeenandJoeOglioKentStateUniversity

Forourproject,westudiedpaintabsorptionandprogrammingusingPython.Withsomepractice,wefoundaneasierwaytowriteourprogram.Thisprogramwillcalculatehowmanycansofpaintonewillneedinordertopaintaspecifiedamountofroomsintheirhouse.Wekeptinminderrormeasurementsmadebythehomeowneraswellasexcesspaintbeingabsorbedinthebrushorleftinthepan.Beingaswearenotprofessionalprogrammersorpainters,wehopethismay inspire someone to take on this possible project or one similar to it and contribute to the Fourth IndustrialRevolution.

92B Re-inventingtheWheel:ATangentCircleLeonRockamore,Jr,AaronHerrmann

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.Gupkin,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastoconstructaformulatofindthetangentcirclebetweenanygiventhreepointsthatlieonacurve.Wedidthisbyusingbasicgeometricandalgebraicprinciples,asopposedtomoreadvancedmathsuchascalculus,soitcanbeunderstoodandappliedfromadifferentperspective.Usingsaidprincinples,wewereabletocome

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othermachinestoarriveatamodel.Themodelofthewindgeneratorisdesignedtoshowhowacontrolstrategycanbeusedtomanipulatethepowerfactoroftheenergythatthewindgeneratorsupplies.

87A ModernApplicationsofCryptographyJacobHaller,MaxwellKotlan,MiraShahKentStateUniversity

Encryptionisusedtosecurelytransmitsensitivedata.Theprocesshasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,andisnowmore widely used than ever. We will explain a brief history of encryption and cryptography, as well as modernapplications,suchascryptocurrenciesandtheencryptionofwebsitesandemails.

88B Predictingdrop-outratesofstudentsGarrettAnderson,JeremySidoti,ChristianHarwick,KarlaMcGinty

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorIn order to help Kent State University retain more of their students, we set out to find the probability of studentsdropping out based on different characteristics. These characteristics include income, ethnicity, GPA, age, campusinvolvement, whether they were a first-generation college student andmany others. We are using data previouslycollectedfromtheInstitutionalResearchDepartmentatKentState.

89A NaturalLanguageBasedNeuralActivityClassificationUsingNeuralNetworkAnthonyHill,FirausOdeh,JamesHayes,ElizabethDurflinger,CameronHoward

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.CoskunBayrak,MentorNeural activity recording is the process of scanning individual neurons in the brain, and recording their activity inresponse to specific stimuli. The team has put together a language based neural activity study, where bilingual andmonolingual test subjects are assessed with a 14 point brain scanning device that allows the team tomonitor, andrecord,neuralactivityofeachsubjectwhilebeingpresentedwithlanguagespecificstimulus.Thisdataisusedtoanalyzedifferencesinneuronactivitybetweenbilingualandmonolingualsubjects.Theteamexpectstoobservegreaterneuralactivityinbilingualsubjectswhileassessingavisualstimulus.

90B QueueingTheoryAppliedtoOrganTransplantWaitingListsHannahLipka,KristenReyes,KorinVaughn

ClevelandStateUniversity BarbaraHMargoliusPh.D.,MentorQueueingtheoryisthemathematicalstudyofwaitinginlines,orqueues.Bytakingadifferentialapproachtomodelthewaittimeforanorgantransplant,wecanefficientlyallocateorgandonorstothosewhoneedthem.Themostinvolvedcase canbe simplified, yet still effective. In this case, onlyO-blood typedonors andO-blood typepatients are beingconsidered. Additionally, only the rate of donors available, the rate of death, and the rate of patients coming in arebeingmodeled.

91A PaintCansEmilyHerendeenandJoeOglioKentStateUniversity

Forourproject,westudiedpaintabsorptionandprogrammingusingPython.Withsomepractice,wefoundaneasierwaytowriteourprogram.Thisprogramwillcalculatehowmanycansofpaintonewillneedinordertopaintaspecifiedamountofroomsintheirhouse.Wekeptinminderrormeasurementsmadebythehomeowneraswellasexcesspaintbeingabsorbedinthebrushorleftinthepan.Beingaswearenotprofessionalprogrammersorpainters,wehopethismay inspire someone to take on this possible project or one similar to it and contribute to the Fourth IndustrialRevolution.

92B Re-inventingtheWheel:ATangentCircleLeonRockamore,Jr,AaronHerrmann

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.Gupkin,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastoconstructaformulatofindthetangentcirclebetweenanygiventhreepointsthatlieonacurve.Wedidthisbyusingbasicgeometricandalgebraicprinciples,asopposedtomoreadvancedmathsuchascalculus,soitcanbeunderstoodandappliedfromadifferentperspective.Usingsaidprincinples,wewereabletocome

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up and experimentwith a functioning formula. Through extensive experimentation of decreasing and increasing thedistancesbetweenpoints,wediscoverednumerousdifferentproperties of tangent circles. Someof our results pointtowardscomplexgeometry,whichleadsaconnectionbetweenalgebraicmathandmoreadvancedmathsuchasotherplanesofgraphingandcomplexgeometry.

93A ProgrammaticEntropyEvanBause,NickPappas,JoshuaOberlin,JaredAndersonKentStateUniversity

Pseudorandomnumbergeneratorsfindmanyapplicationsinmodernprogramming-howevernotallPRNGsoperateonthesameprinciplesoralgorithms,andthusmaynotbesuitedforallapplications.ThisposterexploresthreeofthemostcommonPRNGs,theirhistory,application,andinnerworkings.

94B RemainderMathNickVerbusKentStateUniversity

Anexplorationofmodulararithmeticanditsvariousapplications.

95A AConnectionBetweenFordCirclesandContinuedFractionsDevinBoss

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.StevenGubkin,MentorThis research investigates the connections between Ford Circles, Continued Fractions, and Fraction Mediants.Approximating irrational numbers is a longstanding pursuit of mathematics. Part of number theory deals with theapproximationofQuadraticSurds,and itwas through this lens that Iwasable todiscoveraconnectionbetween thepopularwayofapproximatingQuadraticSurds,ContinuedFractionExpansion,andFractionMediants.ItturnsoutthattheactionoftakingamediantbetweentwofractionsmightbeaconnectedtoContinuedFractions.

96B TheAdvantagesofB-SplineCurvesComparedtoBézierCurvesinComputerGraphicsAmandaMatson

KentStateUniversity XiaoyuZheng,MentorAsplinereferstoaclassoffunctionsthatareusedinoperationsinvolvingdatainterpolationand/orsmoothing.Splineshaveseveralapplicationsincurvefitting,3Dmodeling,animation,andarewidelyusedinindustry.TwocommonlyusedsplinesaretheB-splineandBézier.Thepurposeofourstudyistocomparethesetwosplinefunctionsmathematicallyandcomputationally.Overall,B-splinecurveshaveamoreintricatetheoryandcallformoreinformation(i.e.,thedegreeofthecurveandaknotvector)comparedtoBéziercurves.However,B-splineisamoreadvantageouschoiceforuseincomputergraphics.ThesignificantpropertiesofBéziercurvesaresatisfiedbyB-splinecurveswhichalsoprovidemorecontrolflexibility.

97A TeachingMathematicsClaireDillen,andMirandaEtgen

KentStateUniversity Dr.JoanneCaniglia,MentorForourposterweare lookingatdifferentmethodsofteachingbasicmathematics. Wearetakingdifferentstrategiesthathavebeenusedinthepastorpresent.Thenweareanalyzingeachofthesemethodsfromaneducatorspointofview.Wewanttolookatthebenefitsofeachstrategyandthendeterminewhichonewewouldpotentiallyuseinourfutureclassrooms.

98B TheAdvantagesofModularDesigninSoftwareEngineeringJacobBrenkus,AlexFausnaugh,KaylaWelton

ClevelandStateUniversity DavidAloi,MentorThe purpose of this research poster is to discuss the benefits of using amodular approach to software engineering.Modular software design is doneby breaking the larger code into smaller sections, thinkmodules, that hold specificfunctions. Modulardesign isshownto improvethedesignprocessbyallowingbetterre-usability,workloadhandling,andeasierdebuggingprocesses.

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othermachinestoarriveatamodel.Themodelofthewindgeneratorisdesignedtoshowhowacontrolstrategycanbeusedtomanipulatethepowerfactoroftheenergythatthewindgeneratorsupplies.

87A ModernApplicationsofCryptographyJacobHaller,MaxwellKotlan,MiraShahKentStateUniversity

Encryptionisusedtosecurelytransmitsensitivedata.Theprocesshasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,andisnowmore widely used than ever. We will explain a brief history of encryption and cryptography, as well as modernapplications,suchascryptocurrenciesandtheencryptionofwebsitesandemails.

88B Predictingdrop-outratesofstudentsGarrettAnderson,JeremySidoti,ChristianHarwick,KarlaMcGinty

KentStateUniversity DarciKracht,MentorIn order to help Kent State University retain more of their students, we set out to find the probability of studentsdropping out based on different characteristics. These characteristics include income, ethnicity, GPA, age, campusinvolvement, whether they were a first-generation college student andmany others. We are using data previouslycollectedfromtheInstitutionalResearchDepartmentatKentState.

89A NaturalLanguageBasedNeuralActivityClassificationUsingNeuralNetworkAnthonyHill,FirausOdeh,JamesHayes,ElizabethDurflinger,CameronHoward

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.CoskunBayrak,MentorNeural activity recording is the process of scanning individual neurons in the brain, and recording their activity inresponse to specific stimuli. The team has put together a language based neural activity study, where bilingual andmonolingual test subjects are assessed with a 14 point brain scanning device that allows the team tomonitor, andrecord,neuralactivityofeachsubjectwhilebeingpresentedwithlanguagespecificstimulus.Thisdataisusedtoanalyzedifferencesinneuronactivitybetweenbilingualandmonolingualsubjects.Theteamexpectstoobservegreaterneuralactivityinbilingualsubjectswhileassessingavisualstimulus.

90B QueueingTheoryAppliedtoOrganTransplantWaitingListsHannahLipka,KristenReyes,KorinVaughn

ClevelandStateUniversity BarbaraHMargoliusPh.D.,MentorQueueingtheoryisthemathematicalstudyofwaitinginlines,orqueues.Bytakingadifferentialapproachtomodelthewaittimeforanorgantransplant,wecanefficientlyallocateorgandonorstothosewhoneedthem.Themostinvolvedcase canbe simplified, yet still effective. In this case, onlyO-blood typedonors andO-blood typepatients are beingconsidered. Additionally, only the rate of donors available, the rate of death, and the rate of patients coming in arebeingmodeled.

91A PaintCansEmilyHerendeenandJoeOglioKentStateUniversity

Forourproject,westudiedpaintabsorptionandprogrammingusingPython.Withsomepractice,wefoundaneasierwaytowriteourprogram.Thisprogramwillcalculatehowmanycansofpaintonewillneedinordertopaintaspecifiedamountofroomsintheirhouse.Wekeptinminderrormeasurementsmadebythehomeowneraswellasexcesspaintbeingabsorbedinthebrushorleftinthepan.Beingaswearenotprofessionalprogrammersorpainters,wehopethismay inspire someone to take on this possible project or one similar to it and contribute to the Fourth IndustrialRevolution.

92B Re-inventingtheWheel:ATangentCircleLeonRockamore,Jr,AaronHerrmann

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.Gupkin,MentorThepurposeofthisprojectwastoconstructaformulatofindthetangentcirclebetweenanygiventhreepointsthatlieonacurve.Wedidthisbyusingbasicgeometricandalgebraicprinciples,asopposedtomoreadvancedmathsuchascalculus,soitcanbeunderstoodandappliedfromadifferentperspective.Usingsaidprincinples,wewereabletocome

23

up and experimentwith a functioning formula. Through extensive experimentation of decreasing and increasing thedistancesbetweenpoints,wediscoverednumerousdifferentproperties of tangent circles. Someof our results pointtowardscomplexgeometry,whichleadsaconnectionbetweenalgebraicmathandmoreadvancedmathsuchasotherplanesofgraphingandcomplexgeometry.

93A ProgrammaticEntropyEvanBause,NickPappas,JoshuaOberlin,JaredAndersonKentStateUniversity

Pseudorandomnumbergeneratorsfindmanyapplicationsinmodernprogramming-howevernotallPRNGsoperateonthesameprinciplesoralgorithms,andthusmaynotbesuitedforallapplications.ThisposterexploresthreeofthemostcommonPRNGs,theirhistory,application,andinnerworkings.

94B RemainderMathNickVerbusKentStateUniversity

Anexplorationofmodulararithmeticanditsvariousapplications.

95A AConnectionBetweenFordCirclesandContinuedFractionsDevinBoss

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.StevenGubkin,MentorThis research investigates the connections between Ford Circles, Continued Fractions, and Fraction Mediants.Approximating irrational numbers is a longstanding pursuit of mathematics. Part of number theory deals with theapproximationofQuadraticSurds,and itwas through this lens that Iwasable todiscoveraconnectionbetween thepopularwayofapproximatingQuadraticSurds,ContinuedFractionExpansion,andFractionMediants.ItturnsoutthattheactionoftakingamediantbetweentwofractionsmightbeaconnectedtoContinuedFractions.

96B TheAdvantagesofB-SplineCurvesComparedtoBézierCurvesinComputerGraphicsAmandaMatson

KentStateUniversity XiaoyuZheng,MentorAsplinereferstoaclassoffunctionsthatareusedinoperationsinvolvingdatainterpolationand/orsmoothing.Splineshaveseveralapplicationsincurvefitting,3Dmodeling,animation,andarewidelyusedinindustry.TwocommonlyusedsplinesaretheB-splineandBézier.Thepurposeofourstudyistocomparethesetwosplinefunctionsmathematicallyandcomputationally.Overall,B-splinecurveshaveamoreintricatetheoryandcallformoreinformation(i.e.,thedegreeofthecurveandaknotvector)comparedtoBéziercurves.However,B-splineisamoreadvantageouschoiceforuseincomputergraphics.ThesignificantpropertiesofBéziercurvesaresatisfiedbyB-splinecurveswhichalsoprovidemorecontrolflexibility.

97A TeachingMathematicsClaireDillen,andMirandaEtgen

KentStateUniversity Dr.JoanneCaniglia,MentorForourposterweare lookingatdifferentmethodsofteachingbasicmathematics. Wearetakingdifferentstrategiesthathavebeenusedinthepastorpresent.Thenweareanalyzingeachofthesemethodsfromaneducatorspointofview.Wewanttolookatthebenefitsofeachstrategyandthendeterminewhichonewewouldpotentiallyuseinourfutureclassrooms.

98B TheAdvantagesofModularDesigninSoftwareEngineeringJacobBrenkus,AlexFausnaugh,KaylaWelton

ClevelandStateUniversity DavidAloi,MentorThe purpose of this research poster is to discuss the benefits of using amodular approach to software engineering.Modular software design is doneby breaking the larger code into smaller sections, thinkmodules, that hold specificfunctions. Modulardesign isshownto improvethedesignprocessbyallowingbetterre-usability,workloadhandling,andeasierdebuggingprocesses.

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up and experimentwith a functioning formula. Through extensive experimentation of decreasing and increasing thedistancesbetweenpoints,wediscoverednumerousdifferentproperties of tangent circles. Someof our results pointtowardscomplexgeometry,whichleadsaconnectionbetweenalgebraicmathandmoreadvancedmathsuchasotherplanesofgraphingandcomplexgeometry.

93A ProgrammaticEntropyEvanBause,NickPappas,JoshuaOberlin,JaredAndersonKentStateUniversity

Pseudorandomnumbergeneratorsfindmanyapplicationsinmodernprogramming-howevernotallPRNGsoperateonthesameprinciplesoralgorithms,andthusmaynotbesuitedforallapplications.ThisposterexploresthreeofthemostcommonPRNGs,theirhistory,application,andinnerworkings.

94B RemainderMathNickVerbusKentStateUniversity

Anexplorationofmodulararithmeticanditsvariousapplications.

95A AConnectionBetweenFordCirclesandContinuedFractionsDevinBoss

ClevelandStateUniversity Dr.StevenGubkin,MentorThis research investigates the connections between Ford Circles, Continued Fractions, and Fraction Mediants.Approximating irrational numbers is a longstanding pursuit of mathematics. Part of number theory deals with theapproximationofQuadraticSurds,and itwas through this lens that Iwasable todiscoveraconnectionbetween thepopularwayofapproximatingQuadraticSurds,ContinuedFractionExpansion,andFractionMediants.ItturnsoutthattheactionoftakingamediantbetweentwofractionsmightbeaconnectedtoContinuedFractions.

96B TheAdvantagesofB-SplineCurvesComparedtoBézierCurvesinComputerGraphicsAmandaMatson

KentStateUniversity XiaoyuZheng,MentorAsplinereferstoaclassoffunctionsthatareusedinoperationsinvolvingdatainterpolationand/orsmoothing.Splineshaveseveralapplicationsincurvefitting,3Dmodeling,animation,andarewidelyusedinindustry.TwocommonlyusedsplinesaretheB-splineandBézier.Thepurposeofourstudyistocomparethesetwosplinefunctionsmathematicallyandcomputationally.Overall,B-splinecurveshaveamoreintricatetheoryandcallformoreinformation(i.e.,thedegreeofthecurveandaknotvector)comparedtoBéziercurves.However,B-splineisamoreadvantageouschoiceforuseincomputergraphics.ThesignificantpropertiesofBéziercurvesaresatisfiedbyB-splinecurveswhichalsoprovidemorecontrolflexibility.

97A TeachingMathematicsClaireDillen,andMirandaEtgen

KentStateUniversity Dr.JoanneCaniglia,MentorForourposterweare lookingatdifferentmethodsofteachingbasicmathematics. Wearetakingdifferentstrategiesthathavebeenusedinthepastorpresent.Thenweareanalyzingeachofthesemethodsfromaneducatorspointofview.Wewanttolookatthebenefitsofeachstrategyandthendeterminewhichonewewouldpotentiallyuseinourfutureclassrooms.

98B TheAdvantagesofModularDesigninSoftwareEngineeringJacobBrenkus,AlexFausnaugh,KaylaWelton

ClevelandStateUniversity DavidAloi,MentorThe purpose of this research poster is to discuss the benefits of using amodular approach to software engineering.Modular software design is doneby breaking the larger code into smaller sections, thinkmodules, that hold specificfunctions. Modulardesign isshownto improvethedesignprocessbyallowingbetterre-usability,workloadhandling,andeasierdebuggingprocesses. 24

99A TeachingMethodsinRelationtoPerformanceinaClassroomKatelynBecker,RebeccaDeLozier,BenRife

KentStateUniversity NatashaLevinson,MentorWe are investigating the correlation between learningmethods and overall grades/performance in the classroom. Inorder to research this,weare creatingananonymous survey forboth instructors and students, askingabout variousteachingmethodsandperformanceintheclassroom.Thesesurveyswillbedistributedbytheprojectparticipants.Wewillthencompilethisinformationinordertoseeifthereisawaytodeterminethemosteffectiveteachingmethodforasetofvariouslearningmethodstudents,beingthestudentsthatwearecurrentlyenrolledwith.Afterwards,asfuturemathematicsteachers,wewillapplythislearningmethodtomathematicscoursestoensurethesuccessofourstudents.

100B TheGeometryofthePowerRuleJamieRees,EmmaStec

KentStateUniversity IsaacDeFrain,MentorRelationship between derivative power rule and product rule and geometry of cubes. Using examples with higherpowers.

101A TheArithmeticDerivativeTylerSnyder,TylerVance,DonaldMcCrae

ClevelandStateUniversity StevenGubkin,MentorThearithmeticderivativeisasimplefunctiondefinedusingtheuniqueprimefactorizationofintegersandtheproductrulefromcalculus.Thisisquitedeceiving,however,asthepropertiesandbehaviorofthederivativearedirectlyrelatedtosomeoftheoldestandmoststudiedconjecturesinelementarynumbertheory.Thearithmeticderivativeoperatorisdefinedtobetheuniquemapwhichsendseveryprimeintegerto1andwhichsatisfiesthe"productrule"thatforalla,b∈Z,(ab)'=a'b+ab'.Forourresearchpaper,wewilluseproofbyinductionon(nk)'=knk-1n'toshowthatitholdstrueforallpositiveintegers.Wehopetofamiliarizethereaderwiththenotationandpropertiesofthearithmeticderivative.

102B TheStableMarriageProblemBrockBavis,BraytonRider

KentStateUniversity JenyaSoprunova,MentorThestablemarriageproblemtriestosolvestabilitybetweentwodifferent,butequallysized,setsofdata.Stabilityinthiscaseisdefinedbyamatch'smembersnotbeingabletobebetteroffthanthecurrentmatch.Eachelementinbothsetshaveaorderedpreferencelistforeachelementintheotherset.ThequestionofwhetherornotitispossibletocreatestablemarriagesbetweenthetwosetsisansweredbytheGale-Shapelyalgorithm.Thisalgorithmiteratesthroughthedifferentpreferencelistsuntilamatchisfoundforallelementsinthesets.Byhavingonesetproposetotheotherandtheotherchooses,overthecourseoftheiterations,thealgorithmguaranteesthatallelementswithinthesetswillbematchedandthatallmarriageswillbestable.

103A TheMathofRenaissanceArtEricaChambers,AlexaFryberger

KentStateUniversity JoanneCaniglia,MentorOur project, theMath of Renaissance Art, looks into how adding perspective, proportions, and other mathematicalconceptsintoartshapedthecreationsoftheRenaissanceera.First,wegiveabasicinterpretationoftheartinthepriortimeperiod;then,wearegoingtodiscusshowtheadditionofmathshapedtheworksoftheRenaissance,inordertocompareandcontrast.Artwithinthistimeperiodreflectedthechangeinthecultureandsociety,asthepeopleoftheRenaissancewereincreasinglyexploringanddiscoveringmathandscience.Thisisevidentthroughtheuseoftechniquessuchassymmetry,geometricalfigures,proportions,andperspective.

104B YoungstownTemperatureForecastDavidGessler,NicoleZimmerman

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.ThomasWakefield,Dr.MoonNguyen,MentorsThe Actuaries Climate Index (ACI) has recordedweather patterns between the years 1961-2017, allowing people toaccesspastclimatechangesinNorthAmericathroughmultipleaspects.TheACIgaveustheideatocreatepredictions

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99A TeachingMethodsinRelationtoPerformanceinaClassroomKatelynBecker,RebeccaDeLozier,BenRife

KentStateUniversity NatashaLevinson,MentorWe are investigating the correlation between learningmethods and overall grades/performance in the classroom. Inorder to research this,weare creatingananonymous survey forboth instructors and students, askingabout variousteachingmethodsandperformanceintheclassroom.Thesesurveyswillbedistributedbytheprojectparticipants.Wewillthencompilethisinformationinordertoseeifthereisawaytodeterminethemosteffectiveteachingmethodforasetofvariouslearningmethodstudents,beingthestudentsthatwearecurrentlyenrolledwith.Afterwards,asfuturemathematicsteachers,wewillapplythislearningmethodtomathematicscoursestoensurethesuccessofourstudents.

100B TheGeometryofthePowerRuleJamieRees,EmmaStec

KentStateUniversity IsaacDeFrain,MentorRelationship between derivative power rule and product rule and geometry of cubes. Using examples with higherpowers.

101A TheArithmeticDerivativeTylerSnyder,TylerVance,DonaldMcCrae

ClevelandStateUniversity StevenGubkin,MentorThearithmeticderivativeisasimplefunctiondefinedusingtheuniqueprimefactorizationofintegersandtheproductrulefromcalculus.Thisisquitedeceiving,however,asthepropertiesandbehaviorofthederivativearedirectlyrelatedtosomeoftheoldestandmoststudiedconjecturesinelementarynumbertheory.Thearithmeticderivativeoperatorisdefinedtobetheuniquemapwhichsendseveryprimeintegerto1andwhichsatisfiesthe"productrule"thatforalla,b∈Z,(ab)'=a'b+ab'.Forourresearchpaper,wewilluseproofbyinductionon(nk)'=knk-1n'toshowthatitholdstrueforallpositiveintegers.Wehopetofamiliarizethereaderwiththenotationandpropertiesofthearithmeticderivative.

102B TheStableMarriageProblemBrockBavis,BraytonRider

KentStateUniversity JenyaSoprunova,MentorThestablemarriageproblemtriestosolvestabilitybetweentwodifferent,butequallysized,setsofdata.Stabilityinthiscaseisdefinedbyamatch'smembersnotbeingabletobebetteroffthanthecurrentmatch.Eachelementinbothsetshaveaorderedpreferencelistforeachelementintheotherset.ThequestionofwhetherornotitispossibletocreatestablemarriagesbetweenthetwosetsisansweredbytheGale-Shapelyalgorithm.Thisalgorithmiteratesthroughthedifferentpreferencelistsuntilamatchisfoundforallelementsinthesets.Byhavingonesetproposetotheotherandtheotherchooses,overthecourseoftheiterations,thealgorithmguaranteesthatallelementswithinthesetswillbematchedandthatallmarriageswillbestable.

103A TheMathofRenaissanceArtEricaChambers,AlexaFryberger

KentStateUniversity JoanneCaniglia,MentorOur project, theMath of Renaissance Art, looks into how adding perspective, proportions, and other mathematicalconceptsintoartshapedthecreationsoftheRenaissanceera.First,wegiveabasicinterpretationoftheartinthepriortimeperiod;then,wearegoingtodiscusshowtheadditionofmathshapedtheworksoftheRenaissance,inordertocompareandcontrast.Artwithinthistimeperiodreflectedthechangeinthecultureandsociety,asthepeopleoftheRenaissancewereincreasinglyexploringanddiscoveringmathandscience.Thisisevidentthroughtheuseoftechniquessuchassymmetry,geometricalfigures,proportions,andperspective.

104B YoungstownTemperatureForecastDavidGessler,NicoleZimmerman

YoungstownStateUniversity Dr.ThomasWakefield,Dr.MoonNguyen,MentorsThe Actuaries Climate Index (ACI) has recordedweather patterns between the years 1961-2017, allowing people toaccesspastclimatechangesinNorthAmericathroughmultipleaspects.TheACIgaveustheideatocreatepredictions

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fortheweatherinYoungstownovera30-yearperiod(1987-2017).Weusedregressiontofitseveraldifferentmodelstothedataanddetermined theerrorbetweenthevaluespredictedand theactualvalues toultimatelypredict thebestvalue.

105A Thepro'sandconsofdigitizingadmittanceintosocialeventsAdamTischler,NickPotts,LukeRinehart,JamieBowen

KentStateUniversity NaserMadi,MentorWith the rise of technology and its presence ever increasing in our lives, parties and social events at universitiesnowadayshavea lotmoreexposure,duetosocialmediaandtexting. Withthis increase inattentionandfoottraffic,college parties now have higher risks and a high percentage of dangerous characteristics. We gathered data andassessed the risks of college parties with just person-to-person filtering at the door, compared to pre-party onlineticketingusingamobileapp.Wethenbrokedownrisksintodifferentcharacteristicstoseewhatpositivelyornegativelyimproved.

106B ToPlantorNotToPlantValaZeinali

KentStateUniversity MikhailNesterenko,MentorIamlookingatobservedgerminationratesofflowers,herbs,andvegetablesandcomparingthemtotheexpectedratesontheseedpacket.IwillbedoingaChi-Squaretestforhomogeneity.Iwillbefailingtorejectorrejectingiftheseedisworthplantingagain.Themainpurposeofthisprojectistomaximizeprofit,optimizeflatspace,andeliminatebadseedpackets by selecting the most viable packets. My project includes Statistics, Computer Science (coded a Chi-Squarecalculator),andBiology.

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fortheweatherinYoungstownovera30-yearperiod(1987-2017).Weusedregressiontofitseveraldifferentmodelstothedataanddetermined theerrorbetweenthevaluespredictedand theactualvalues toultimatelypredict thebestvalue.

105A Thepro'sandconsofdigitizingadmittanceintosocialeventsAdamTischler,NickPotts,LukeRinehart,JamieBowen

KentStateUniversity NaserMadi,MentorWith the rise of technology and its presence ever increasing in our lives, parties and social events at universitiesnowadayshavea lotmoreexposure,duetosocialmediaandtexting. Withthis increase inattentionandfoottraffic,college parties now have higher risks and a high percentage of dangerous characteristics. We gathered data andassessed the risks of college parties with just person-to-person filtering at the door, compared to pre-party onlineticketingusingamobileapp.Wethenbrokedownrisksintodifferentcharacteristicstoseewhatpositivelyornegativelyimproved.

106B ToPlantorNotToPlantValaZeinali

KentStateUniversity MikhailNesterenko,MentorIamlookingatobservedgerminationratesofflowers,herbs,andvegetablesandcomparingthemtotheexpectedratesontheseedpacket.IwillbedoingaChi-Squaretestforhomogeneity.Iwillbefailingtorejectorrejectingiftheseedisworthplantingagain.Themainpurposeofthisprojectistomaximizeprofit,optimizeflatspace,andeliminatebadseedpackets by selecting the most viable packets. My project includes Statistics, Computer Science (coded a Chi-Squarecalculator),andBiology.

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PresenterIndexAlphabeticalbyLastName

Abu-Hashim,Rana 37 AAbuhashim,Randah 3 AAgati,Joseph 69 AAhmed,Sumaiya 44 BAlabsi,Sarah 16 BAlfano,Natalie 76 BAmendol,Ashley 4 BAnderson,Garrett 88 BAnderson,Jared 93 AAskew,Tessa 23 ABallow,Alexandra 79 ABancroft,Daniel 69 ABarahona,Norman 41 ABarbo,Nadia 1 ABartolovich,Hayden 58 BBause,Evan 93 ABavis,Brock 102 BBecker,Katelyn 99 ABoedicker,Rachel 70 BBonanno,Emili 48 BBonano,Patrick 14 BBoss,Devin 95 ABougebrayel,Claudia 68 BBowen,Jamie 105 ABowsman,Leandra 45 ABrahmandam,Sreya 3 ABrenkus,Jacob 98 BBryson,Nicholas 8 BBuceyLeopold,RachaelF 25 ABudnik,Courtney 54 BBufogle,Polina 10 BCampagna,Anthony 77 ACampbell,Christine 86 BCandow,Luke 68 BCapan,Foster 75 ACappelli,Samuel 63 ACardenas,JoseE. 43 A

Carlyn,David 73 ACastillo,Francisco 27 ACatri-Eakes,Taylor 8 BChamberlain,Timothy 52 BChambers,Erica 103 AChurley,Christopher 65 ACole,Caitlin 16 BCole,Sara 57 AConway,Erin 23 ACook,Sarah 74 BCosme,Wilmel 29 ACraver,Michael 39 ACrawford,Jacob 47 ADarrah,Kelsey 18 BDeChellis,Dante 31 ADeLozier,Rebecca 99 ADeming,Amber 37 ADerkacs,Jake 86 BDickson,Samuel 7 ADillen,Claire 97 ADircks,Cassandra 68 BDittebrand,Amy 76 BDixon,RobertW. 43 ADubecky,Clare 76 BDuffy,AlexanderThornton 49 ADurflinger,Elizabeth 89 AEisenhart,Alexandra 47 AEllis,James 13 AEllks,Edward 52 BElston,Nicole 64 BErsek,Stephen 54 BEtgen,Miranda 97 AFairley,Steven 67 AFaison,Gage 10 BFausnaugh,Alex 98 BFerencz,Hayden 77 AFerry,Richard 62 B

Abu-Hashim, Rana 37 AAbuhashim, Randah 3 AAgati, Joseph 69 AAhmed, Sumaiya 44 BAlabsi, Sarah 16 BAlfano, Natalie 76 BAmendol, Ashley 4 BAnderson, Garrett 88 BAnderson, Jared 93 AAskew, Tessa 23 ABallow, Alexandra 79 ABancroft, Daniel 69 ABarahona, Norman 41 ABarbo, Nadia 1 ABartolovich, Hayden 58 BBause, Evan 93 ABavis, Brock 102 BBecker, Katelyn 99 ABoedicker, Rachel 70 BBonanno, Emili 48 BBonano, Patrick 14 BBoss, Devin 95 ABougebrayel, Claudia 68 BBowen, Jamie 105 ABowsman, Leandra 45 ABrahmandam, Sreya 3 ABrenkus, Jacob 98 BBryson, Nicholas 8 BBucey Leopold, Rachael F 25 ABudnik, Courtney 54 BBufogle, Polina 10 BCampagna, Anthony 77 ACampbell, Christine 86 BCandow, Luke 68 BCapan, Foster 75 ACappelli, Samuel 63 ACardenas, Jose E. 43 ACarlyn, David 73 ACastillo, Francisco 27 ACatri-Eakes, Taylor 8 BChamberlain, Timothy 52 BChambers, Erica 103 AChurley, Christopher 65 ACole, Caitlin 16 B

Cole, Sara 57 AConway, Erin 23 ACook, Sarah 74 BCosme, Wilmel 29 ACraver, Michael 39 ACrawford, Jacob 47 ADarrah, Kelsey 18 BDeChellis, Dante 31 ADeLozier, Rebecca 99 ADeming, Amber 37 ADerkacs, Jake 86 BDickson, Samuel 7 ADillen, Claire 97 ADircks, Cassandra 68 BDittebrand, Amy 76 BDixon, Robert W. 43 ADubecky, Clare 76 BDuffy, Alexander Thornton 49 ADurflinger, Elizabeth 89 AEisenhart, Alexandra 47 AEllis, James 13 AEllks, Edward 52 BElston, Nicole 64 BErsek, Stephen 54 BEtgen, Miranda 97 AFairley, Steven 67 AFaison, Gage 10 BFausnaugh, Alex 98 BFerencz, Hayden 77 AFerry, Richard 62 BFisher, Kayla 46 BFitzgerald, Alexander 62 BFlati, Hunter 15 AFournier, Honor 83 AFrankle, Lana 73 AFranko, Mitchell 79 AFredrickson, Mark 40 BFryberger, Alexa 103 AGaspare-Pruchnicki, Julia 28 BGessler, David 104 BGianfrancesco, Haley 19 AGill, Ramandeep 15 AGilligan, Hanna 19 AGoldberg, Hannah 24 B

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Haake, Eric 42 BHaller, Jacob 87 AHamilton, Clay 36 BHardin, Makayla 11 AHarwick, Christian 88 BHawkins, Verlaunte 61 AHayes, James 89 AHaynie, Hannah 4 BHerendeen, Emily 91 AHerrmann, Aaron 92 BHill, Anthony 89 AHinson, Carmaletta 11 AHogrell, Patrick 71 AHolland, Cody 47 AHolliday, Claire 17 AHosack, Gabriella 19 AHoward, Cameron 89 AHuston, Benjamin 27 AHutchison, Quinten 6 BHyer, Cassandra 61 AIpinmoroti, Victor 16 BJackson, Malayja 37 AJindra, Charlie 76 BJohnson, Alex 85 AJohnson, Lydia 34 BJoy, Derek G. 43 AJustus, Renee 20 BKacir, Michael 79 AKaw, Gitanjali 55 AKennedy, Dillon 53 AKhaliq, Isna 4 BKing, Danielle 54 BKotlan, Maxwell 87 AKoullias, Samantha 4 BKraus, Branden 33 AKumar Goud Koothal, Akhil 73 ALabatte, Ashley 3 ALapolla, Max 81 ALard, Marcus 9 ALauer, Nathaniel 49 ALee, Jason 15 ALeek, Evan 3 ALeeseberg, Andrew 50 BLeonard, Trevor 48 BLi, Haosheng 55 ALipka, Hannah 90 BLittell, Steven 22 BLondrico, Dan 2 BLottier, Lauren 46 B

Luevano, Enrique 56 BLuu, Vi-Trinh 15 AMahmoud, Omar 1 AMalala, Beatrice Anne 14 BMalik, Aditya 56 BMangapora, Matthew 54 BManginelli, Michael 42 BManna, Matthew 54 BMarinucci, Carmen 62 BMarkley, Jennifer 64 BMarques, Dylan 45 AMartin, Daniel 46 BMartin, Jacob 44 BMatson, Amanda 96 BMcCoy, Konnor 4 BMcCrae, Donald 101 AMcFetridge, Owen 44 BMcGinty, Karla 88 BMcGuigan, Nicholas 12 BMcKinnie, Jalen 50 BMcMahon, Justin 55 AMcPheeters, Mary 18 BMeaney, Mike 78 BMendel, Hugo 57 AMishak, Michael 80 BMoenich, EmilyAnn 41 AMortier, Sarah 35 ANassar, Monther 31 ANesvisky, Alexander 55 ANguyen, Tiffany 71 AOberlin, Joshua 93 AOdeh, Firaus 89 AO’Flanagan, Emmett 84 BOglio, Joe 91 AOkolo, Ogoegbunam 21 AOpperman, Zachary 58 BOrtiz, Bryan 30 BOsiniak, Matthew 40 BPaiz, Jennifer 35 APalumbo, Paul 6 BPappas, Nick 93 APark, Youngjun 14 BPechatsko, John 40 BPena, Tara 68 BPeprah, Brandy 30 BPetti, Chase 50 BPicard, Salam 30 BPincelli, Zoey 83 APlatt, Courtney 31 A

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Ponzani, Anthony 78 BPotts, Nick 105 AProx , Alexandria 65 ARahmy, Abdallah 51 ARahmy, Abdelrahman 51 ARamunno, Michael 42 BRea, Allison 3 ARees, Jamie 100 BReyes, Kristen 90 BRider, Brayton 102 BRife, Ben 99 ARinehart, Luke 105 ARoberts, Alexa 85 ARockamore Jr, Leon 92 BRogers, Taylor 34 BRoth, CJ 80 BRoth, Ilana 55 ARyan, Joshua 2 BSabatino, Josephine 74 BSaluga, Jesse 59 ASamf, Hunter 78 BSatterlee, Lauren 5 AScheckelhoff, McKenzie 48 BScrocco, Mackenzie 52 BSenediak, Hannah 79 AShah, Mira 87 AShahan, Lindsey 41 ASharp, Brandon 22 BShaulis, Mason P. 43 AShimek, Alexander 107 AShives, Joseph 22 BSidoti, Jeremy 88 BSmith, Kelsey 75 ASmith, Lauren 84 BSnovak, Austin 69 ASnyder, Tyler 101 ASpahlinger, Madison 9 ASpriggs, Cierra 23 AStec, Emma 100 BStellers, Jacob 47 AStellmar, Justin 66 BStewart, Arik 72 BStrong, Martin 22 BSumrain, Omar 1 ASutor, Rachel 58 BSvenson, Amanda 34 BSzeltner, Timothy 61 ATanaka, Sho 85 ATepley, Hannah 82 B

Theile, Caroline 11 AThomas, Justin 38 BThompson, Chris 82 BThornton, Alexander 50 BTischler, Adam 105 AToth, Sarah 82 BTrammell, Dionne 19 ATurocy, Tayah 26 BUkwela, Jemima 85 AUwampamo, Beoline 32 BValez, Efrain 48 BVance, Tyler 101 AVarga, Bailey 31 AVaughn, Korin 90 BVerbus, Nick 94 BVeyon, Maryann 33 AVitale, Jacob 44 BWeinreber, Logan 52 BWeinreber, Morgan 60 BWelton, Kayla 98 BWhittsette, Angela 1 AWiecek, Andrew 71 AWiggins, Alec 83 AWilson, Benjamin 53 AWinterich, Jack 83 AWolf, Joseph 58 BWoods, Victoria 60 BWu, Gavin 14 BYacucci, Kevin 57 AYarwood, Ronald 60 BYun, Aaron 51 AYusuf, Abdel Rahem 15 AYusuf, Abdel Ruhman 34 BZackasee, Jordan 31 AZeinali, Vala 106 BZellers, Brian 53 AZiganti, Aemilee 24 BZimmerman, Nicole 104 BZogheib, Shadi 77 A

Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland State University

Cuyahoga Community CollegeKent State University

Youngstown State University

Present

Research Poster Conference

Sunday, April 15, 2018Youngstown State University

Kilcawley Center

We would like to acknowledge the time and effort of everyone who volunteered to act as judges for the posters. The organizers and students thank you for your attention and consideration.

In addition, the contributions of the following faculty, staff, and administrators to the Choose Ohio First Scholarship Program and this year’s Choose Ohio First Research PosterConference are gratefully acknowledged.

Amanda Maxwell, Ohio Department of Higher Education Chris Butler, Case Western Reserve University

Teresa Contenza, Case Western Reserve University Kara D’Angelos, Cleveland State UniversityKendra Helfrich, Cleveland State University

Barbara Margolius, Cleveland State UniversityKiril Streletzky, Cleveland State UniversityPam Ellison, Cuyahoga Community College

Herb Mausser, Cuyahoga Community CollegeVanitha Parameswaran, Cuyahoga Community College

Cathleen Rossman, Cuyahoga Community College Darci Kracht, Kent State UniversityTuyet Pham, Kent State University

Jenya Soprunova, Kent State UniversityEmilie Eberth, Youngstown State University

Stephen Rodabaugh, Youngstown State University Thomas Wakefield, Youngstown State University