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Research Paper Structure and Objectives
(THIS SOUNDS BORING BUT IT IS USEFUL!)
So here is a cute puppy….
Your Research Paper’s SIX Objectives!
Oh nooo, SIX?!
OBJECTIVE # 1
• Clearly state your issue and explains its significance– Basically, tell me your issue and what the
PROBLEM is!– Your paper also needs to have OUTREACH to the
audience, let the reader KNOW why your issue is IMPORTANT
OBJECTIVE # 2
• Explore all aspects of the problem– Understand your issue! READ, READ, READ– Make sure you annotate and engage in the
research process FULLY– (DON’T JUST TRY TO TAKE INFO OUT OF YOUR
REASEARCH! Read to understand.)– You may only be putting a small amount of
information into your paper, however, you need to be an EXPERT on your topic before you begin to write!
OBJECTIVE # 3
• Explain the main causes, effects, and solutions of your issue– As an EXPERT on your topic you need to do the
following:• Explain CLEARLY the main causes of your issue • Also explain what these causes lead to.
– What are the effects?– How do they affect others?
• Then discuss the main solutions that people have proposed or are doing to solve the problems with your issue!
OBJECTIVE # 4
• Offer one (or more) feasible (realistic) and research supported solution(s) and explain your reasoning behind your choice– You are required to offer at least one solution
found in your research that you think is the best possible solution for your issue• Keep in mind, if you decide to write about more than
one solution you are committing to another paragraph
– For your proposed solution, your must offer 3 GOOD reasons (P2s) in your paper
OBJECTIVE # 5
• Use strong evidence/supporting details (P2s): anecdotes, facts, examples, and statistics– Anecdotes means short little stories or examples
that prove your point.• For example if you are arguing that a good solution to
stop drunk driving is to make a law requiring police safety breathalyzer stops at the beginning of all neighborhoods you could tell a story about how many drunk drivers were arrested one night when police officers decided to use this solution.
– Choose evidence/details that are STRONG!
OBJECTIVE # 6• Explain what readers can do to solve the problem (strong
outreach)– Make sure when you research you find practical ideas for your reader
to do to help solve the problem or at least reduce the problem– If your reader can see ways that they can get involved, this will help
make your paper more powerful because your reader will be able to relate and hopefully CARE• For example on a paper about teen crime your proposed solution could have
been to create more afterschool activities targeted toward these teens. • However, your outreach for your reader could be that parents should set
curfews for their teens in the evening and teens themselves should choose to come home before dark as this is when the most teen violence occurs. Therefore, teens will either not have the opportunity to commit teen violence or on the other hand become of victim of this violence.
Your Research Paper’s SIX Objectives!
1. Cleary state your issue and explains its significance (importance)
2. Explore all aspects (parts) of the problem3. Explain the main causes, effects, and solutions of your
issue4. Offer one (or more) feasible (realistic) and research
supported solution(s) and your reasoning behind your choice
5. Use strong evidence/supporting details (P2s): anecdotes (stories), facts, examples, and statistics
6. Explain what readers can do to solve the problem (strong outreach)
YOUR RESEARCH PAPER FORMULA
H.O.T + 3 PP + S.T.O.P
Basic Outline – H.O.T (Introduction)
• H.O.T:– H = Hook• One sentence
– O = Overview • Minimum of four sentences• Clearly defines the Problem• States why issue is important (especially to the reader)
– T = Thesis Statement • one or two sentences• Firmly state issue and its effect(s). Confidently state
best solution.
Basic Outline – 3PP (Body)• 3PP:
– 1PP = Causes and Effects• P1 = Topic Sentence• P2 = Causes• P3 = Effects about cause in connected P2• P4 = Transition Sentence
– 2PP = Possible Solutions• P1 = Topic Sentence• P2 = Solutions• P3 = Details about solutions in connected P2• P4 = Transition Sentence
– 3PP = Your Solution and Reasoning• P1 = Topic Sentence (Your Chosen Solution)• P2 = Reasons for Chosen Solution• P3 = Detail about Reasons in connected P2• P4 = Transition Sentence
Basic Outline – S.T.O.P (Conclusion)
• S.T.O.P– S = Sum-Up– T = Thesis Revisit
• Restate your thesis!• Two Sentences
– O = Outreach • Restate why important to reader • Things your reader can do • Details about people/organizations who are working on
chosen solution– P = POW!
• One or two sentences• Leave your reader thinking!
Some Differences:
• Only a few things are different!• Thesis = new formula! • A couple of things in H.O.T (Introduction), 3PP
(3 body paragraphs), and S.T.O.P are a little more SPECIFIC!– BUT we’ll get to that…..
Research Paper Thesis
• A thesis gives direction to your paper
• YOUR research paper thesis formula:–[Firmly state issue and its effect(s). –Confidently state best solution.
Thesis Formula examples:
• Firmly state issue and its effect(s). Confidently state best solution.
• Example # 1:– Pollution is causing the destruction of our oceans’
ecosystems and can be stopped by reducing the amount of plastic thrown away into our environment.
• Example # 2:– Global warming is a huge issue that is raising sea levels
worldwide. The best solution to stop Global warming is to make a law forcing all Americans to drive hybrid cars.
What’s Different about this Thesis?
• It can be two sentences instead of one!• State your Topic instead of your
Stand• Paper’s thesis is more SPECIFIC
What’s Similar about this Thesis?
• Still three main things about your topic to write about and structure the rest of your paper
• You are still taking a stand about your opinion but only in your last 3PP paragraph, instead of in all off your body paragraphs
Thesis Practice with Your Group
Firmly state issue and its effect(s). EX: Factory farming is inhumane and has negative effects on both humans and animals.
Confidently state best solution.EX: Factory farming should beeliminated and replaced with sustainable farming.
Practice # 1• Homelessness in Hawaii is causing tourists to
not want to come back to Hawaii. The best solution is to build new governmental housing for all in people in Hawaii who cannot afford their own housing.
Practice # 2• The issue of turtle abuse in Hawaii is leading
to a decline in the numbers of turtles that come to Hawaii each year. The best solution is to work to educate others, especially tourists, about the detrimental effects of turtle abuse.
Practice # 3• Highway littering causes many problems,
including huge costs to the government, which has to spend millions each year to pick up the trash left behind by motorists. The best solution to this problem is to increase the dollar amount of fines given to people who litter.
So now….
• We have learned about our Research Paper thesis, the BACKBONE of our paper.
• What does this tell us that we NEED to FOCUS on during our research? There are three things:– Causes and Effects– Solutions– Research about one solution (the solution you
thought was the best) • You will need AT LEAST three details about this solution
Structure for Research Paper
• Now that we went over the THESIS- the most important part of the paper, we will be continuing to go over how we are structuring our Research Paper as we conduct our research into these issues!
• Here is our Basic Outline!
Basic Outline – H.O.T (Introduction)
• H.O.T:– H = Hook– O = Overview • Clearly defines the Problem• States why issue is important (especially to the reader)
– T = Thesis Statement
3 Body Paragraphs
–1PP = Causes and Effects•P1 = Topic Sentence•P2 = Causes•P3 = Effects about cause in
connected P2•P4 = Transition Sentence
3 Body Paragraphs
–2PP = Possible Solutions•P1 = Topic Sentence•P2 = Solutions•P3 = Details about solutions in connected
P2•P4 = Transition Sentence
3 Body Paragraphs
–3PP = Your Solution and Reasoning•P1 = Topic Sentence (Your Chosen
Solution)•P2 = Reasons for Chosen Solution•P3 = Detail about Reasons in
connected P2•P4 = Transition Sentence
Basic Outline – S.T.O.P (Conclusion)
• S.T.O.P– S = Sum-Up– T = Thesis Revisit
• Restate the causes, effects, solutions, and YOUR solution!• Two Sentences
– O = Outreach • Re-state why important to reader • Things your reader can do • Details about people/organizations who are working on
chosen solution
– P = POW!