Research of the Different Printing Techniques

8/3/2019 Research of the Different Printing Techniques

1/18

Research of the different printing

techniques

Luke Bradley

&Mark Neale


2/18

Many methods have been devised since very early times to

produce a surface from which a number of identical

impressions could be taken. Printing of a sort could be said to

exist as soon as the Sumerian made a triangular pointed tool

to impress cuneiform symbols on clay, or used a hollowed out

seal, sometimes cylindrical in form, to mould a figure in relief

on the same material.


3/18

All information taken from

http://www.roeandmoore.co.uk/Pr

inting%20Techniques.asp


4/18

Intaglio

Indents or irregularities are printed onto a plate. A heavy ink or

other pigment is applies to the plate and then later removed from

the surface before printing but the pigment remains in the

indentations. Under pressure these paterns of ink may be

transferred to a plastic material such as a damp paper, clay, meltedsulphur or wet plaster on the. Etching and engraving are generally

printed by this method.


5/18

Woodcut

Woodcut is one of the oldest methods used

in the fine art of printmaking. The artists

design or drawings are made on a piece of

wood (usually Beachwood). And the

untouched areas are then cut away using a

Chisel with a concave blade leaving the

image which is then inked. Woodcut prints

are produced by pressing the selected

paper onto the inked image.


6/18

Line Engraving

This is done using a copper plate and a cutting tool called a graver

or. The cutting is made direct in the copper with a square or lozenge

graver. In these prints the classical manner of holding the graver has

been adopted: Against the palm, the blade between the second

finger, and thumb driven in the line of the forearm. The tool issharpened with under surfaces true, parallel and without small

turned-up facets used by lettering engravers.


7/18

EtchingIn principle the plate is sealed with a protected with acover which resists acids. By applying acids of different

strengths to these openings for different amounts of time

the metal is eaten away to a greater or lesser extent. The

coatings used may be applied by dabbing or rolling on

heated plates essentially they should resist acid perfectly,adhere to the plate, and support indefinitely needling or

scratching without cracking off. The Coatings used usualy

consist of bitumen, beeswax and resin


8/18

AquatintAlso using acid to eat away the plate but it isagain applied in areas rather than in patterns.In one method, resin dust is deposited on theplate, the plate is then heated to make thegrains melt and adhere to it, and areas ofdifferent shades are etched by successive

stopping's during the progress of the biting.Graduations of strength are also made bymanipulation of the acid, by rocking theplate, or by applying acid in focused parts.Normally this method gives characteristicallyopaque tones in prints in contrast to the

transparent tone in the soft-groundtechnique-although a heavier coverage ofresin will reduce this, and any previous workon a the plate will, of course, be exposed toattack by acid.


9/18

Drypoint

This method involves the use of a point (steel,sapphire, or diamond) directly on the plate, oneof the simplert more skilled methods of workinga plate. However owing to the fragility of the

result in printing and the extreme variety of lineobtained by different angles of cutting, it is foundto involve greater manual dexterity than themore mechanically elaborate etching process.This flange may be double, fine and sharp like aknife-edge; single and strong; or single and saw-edged.


10/18

Mezzotint

Mezzotint - (mezzo = half and tinta = tone), is a reverse engraving

process used on a copper or steel plate to produce illustrations in

relief with effects of light and shadow. The surface of a master plate

is roughened with a tool called a rocker so that if inked, it will print

solid black. It was widely used in the 18th and 19th centuries toreproduce portraits and other paintings. But later on was caused to

become obsolete and out dated.


11/18

Lithography

Printing technique using a planographic process in whichprints are pulled on a special press from a flat stone ormetal surface that has been chemically sensitized so thatink sticks only to the design. Originally the process was used

on stone. The process starts with drawing the image on thestone by using a greasy black lithographic pencil. Theseusually take a few days, depending on the size andcomplexity of the image. The main problem is that theimage is permanent and can not me erased. Smallcorrections can be made with a sharp knife, but major

corrections are needed, it is necessary to start again on anew stone.


12/18

Giclee

A giclee is a computerized reproduction technique in which the

image is generated from a digital file and printed by a special ink jet

printer, using ink, acrylic or oil paints. Giclee printing is one of the

most accuracy and richness of colour available in any reproduction

techniques.It can be printed on paper or canvas and re-touched by hand with

paint etc. Today this is a very common form of printing or

reproducing art work to a high quality. Many artists reproduce their

paintings onto paper as signed limited editions, using this method


13/18

Digital

Digital

Photocopying

Laser printing

Inkjet

Desktop publishing

Digital screen printing


14/18

Photocopying

A photocopier is a machine that makes paper

copies of documents and other visual images

quickly and cheaply. The first widely used copy

machine for offices was invented by James

Watt in 1779.


15/18

Laser printing

The laser printer was invented at Xerox in

1969 by researcher Gary Starkweather, A laser

printer is a common type of computer printer

that rapidly produces high quality text and

graphics on plain paper.


16/18

Inkjet

Inkjet printers have certainly come a long way in the last two

decades. And although we didnt see them in the stores until

the 1980s, it was as far back as the mid 1970s when printer

companies recognised that inkjet technology was going to be

the wave of the future. But initially, companies were faced

with the challenge of creating an inkjet printer that was

affordable while at the same time could provide quality

printouts. The more popular type of inkjet printer was

invented by Siemens in 1977. These printers, sprayed ink onlywhere needed and although they were less expensive, they

were slower than continuous inkjet printers.


17/18

Desktop publishing

in the mid 1980s, Apple Computer, Adobe,

Aldus and Hewlett-Packard each produced key

technologies that, when combined, allowed

graphic designers, publishers and pre-press

professionals to bring the whole publishing

process in-house.

Desktop publishing began in 1985 with theintroduction of MacPublisher.


18/18

Digital screen printing

Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven

mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil.

Screen printing first appeared in a recognizable form in China

during the Song Dynasty . Japan and other Asian countries

adopted this method of printing.

Screen printing was largely introduced to Western Europefrom Asia sometime in the late 18th century, but did not gain

large acceptance or use in Europe until silk mesh was more

available for trade from the east and a profitable outlet for

the medium discovered.

Documents

Research of the Different Printing Techniques