Research Methodology and Writing 2013 Fall. MLA P. 123-212: Preparing the List of Works Cited

Research Methodology Research Methodology and Writingand Writing

2013 Fall 2013 Fall

MLA P. 123-212: MLA P. 123-212: Preparing the List of Works Cited Preparing the List of Works Cited

Documenting SourcesDocumenting Sources

Whenever you draw on another’s work, you Whenever you draw on another’s work, you must also document your source by indicating must also document your source by indicating what you borrowed.what you borrowed.

Documenting style for our field: MLADocumenting style for our field: MLA

Where to acknowledge your source Where to acknowledge your source

1) brief parenthetical citations in your text1) brief parenthetical citations in your text

2) an arranged list of works that appears at the 2) an arranged list of works that appears at the end of the paperend of the paper

* (The order of arrangement and the placement of works-cited list are for quiz)* (The order of arrangement and the placement of works-cited list are for quiz)

Parenthetical citations in your textParenthetical citations in your text

Ex.Ex.

The aesthetic and ideological orientation of jazzThe aesthetic and ideological orientation of jazz

underwent considerable scrutiny in the late underwent considerable scrutiny in the late

1950s and early 1960s 1950s and early 1960s (Anderson 7)(Anderson 7). .

Works-Cited ListWorks-Cited List

Ex.Ex.Anderson, Iain. Anderson, Iain. This is Our Music: Free Jazz, the This is Our Music: Free Jazz, the

Sixties, and American CultureSixties, and American Culture. Philadelphia: U of . Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The arts and Intellectual Pennsylvania P, 2007. Print. The arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer.Life in Mod. Amer.

Introduction 1Introduction 1

Software programs that generate entries are noSoftware programs that generate entries are not likely to be useful (because there are several t likely to be useful (because there are several options for recording key features of a work)options for recording key features of a work)

同一條同一條 sourcesource 因因 citecite 重點不同可能編排方重點不同可能編排方式不同，因此現成軟體不一定合用式不同，因此現成軟體不一定合用

Introduction 2Introduction 2

Draft and works-cited list should go side by Draft and works-cited list should go side by side when you work on your researchside when you work on your research

So that you will know what information to So that you will know what information to give in parenthetical references as you writegive in parenthetical references as you write

Ex. You have to include shortened titles if you Ex. You have to include shortened titles if you cite two or more works by the same author, cite two or more works by the same author, and you have to . . . if two of the cited authors and you have to . . . if two of the cited authors have the same last name.have the same last name.

The relation between parenthetical The relation between parenthetical documentation and works-cited listdocumentation and works-cited list

Works-Cited list simplifies documentation by Works-Cited list simplifies documentation by permitting you to make only the brief permitting you to make only the brief references to these works in the text.references to these works in the text.

Examples see the samples on slide 5-6Examples see the samples on slide 5-6

B) on a new pageB) on a new page

Quiz: What is the place to put the works-cited list?Quiz: What is the place to put the works-cited list? A) Continuous with the text A) Continuous with the text B) on a new pageB) on a new page

A) Continuous with the textA) Continuous with the text

Quiz: How to number the page of works-cited list?Quiz: How to number the page of works-cited list? A) Continuous with the text A) Continuous with the text B) start anew B) start anew

At the center of the line

Quiz: Where to put the title “Works Cited”? Quiz: Where to put the title “Works Cited”?

A) Begin each entry flush with the first line and indent the subsequent lines for half an inch.

Quiz: How to indent the entries for works cited?Quiz: How to indent the entries for works cited?

A)Carlson, David. “Farmer versus Lawyer.” Early American Literature 38.2 (2003): 257-279. Print.

B) Carlson, David. “Farmer versus Lawyer.” EarlyAmerican Literature 38.2 (2003): 257-279. Print.

1) By alphabetical order

Quiz: How to arrange the works-cited entries?Quiz: How to arrange the works-cited entries? 1) the order of arrangement 1) the order of arrangement 2) the beginning of each item 2) the beginning of each item

2) Start each item by the author’s last name

Types of PublicationsTypes of Publications

A) Print publications (for today)A) Print publications (for today)---non Periodical---non Periodical---periodical ---periodical B) Web publicationsB) Web publications---periodical publications in on-line database ---periodical publications in on-line database ---scholarly journal---scholarly journal---non periodical publications---non periodical publications C) Additional common sourcesC) Additional common sources

Basic Items for Non-Periodical Print Basic Items for Non-Periodical Print PublicationsPublications

AuthorAuthor Title Title Publication informationPublication information Medium of publication consultedMedium of publication consulted

Basic Items for Periodical Print Basic Items for Periodical Print PublicationsPublications

AuthorAuthor Title Title Volume and issue numbersVolume and issue numbers Medium of publication consultedMedium of publication consulted

Alphabetize by the title

Quiz: How to alphabetize if the author’s nameQuiz: How to alphabetize if the author’s name is unknown?is unknown?

Quiz: What to put at the beginning of the secondQuiz: What to put at the beginning of the second work if there are two or more works by thework if there are two or more works by the same author?same author? Author: Deborah TannenAuthor: Deborah Tannen Works: 1) Works: 1) Talking VoicesTalking Voices 2)2) You Are Wearing That? You Are Wearing That?

Check P. 134

Quiz: Please Explain the Below Quiz: Please Explain the Below EntriesEntries

P. 134P. 134

Tannen, Deborah, and Roy O. FreedleTannen, Deborah, and Roy O. Freedle, eds., eds.

Linguistics in Context: ConnectingLinguistics in Context: Connecting

Observation and UnderstandingObservation and Understanding. Norwood:. Norwood:

Ablex, 1988. Print.Ablex, 1988. Print.

Quiz: Please Explain the Below Quiz: Please Explain the Below Entries for Cross-ReferencesEntries for Cross-References

P. 135:P. 135:

---Agee, James---Agee, James

---Kingston, Maxine Hong (---Kingston, Maxine Hong ( 湯婷婷湯婷婷 ))

---Rodriguez, Richard---Rodriguez, Richard

Quiz: Please Explain the Below Quiz: Please Explain the Below EntriesEntries

Check P. 133Check P. 133

---Bakhtin, M. M.---Bakhtin, M. M.

---Volosinov, V. N. ---Volosinov, V. N.

Alphabetize by the last names of the 2nd Author listed (see p. 132)

Quiz: How to arrange the order Quiz: How to arrange the order if there are coauthors if there are coauthors beginning with the same name?beginning with the same name?Robert Scholes and Robert KelloggRobert Scholes and Robert KelloggRobert Scholes, Carl H. Klaus, andRobert Scholes, Carl H. Klaus, and Michael SiverlmanMichael SiverlmanRobert Scholes and Eric S. RabinRobert Scholes and Eric S. Rabin

An Anthology or a CompilationAn Anthology or a Compilation

Quiz: Please Explain the Yellow Part Quiz: Please Explain the Yellow Part of the Below Entryof the Below Entry

Weisser, Susan Ostrov, ed.Weisser, Susan Ostrov, ed. Women andWomen and

Romance: A ReaderRomance: A Reader. New York: New York. New York: New York

UP, 2001. Print.UP, 2001. Print.

• Only one period after “Ostrove”Only one period after “Ostrove”• Use “eds.” if more than one personUse “eds.” if more than one person

A Book by Two or More AuthorsA Book by Two or More Authors

Ex.Ex.

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, andBooth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, and

Joseph M. Williams. Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of ResearchThe Craft of Research..

2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print.2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print.

Quiz: Please Explain Yellow Part of Quiz: Please Explain Yellow Part of the Below Entrythe Below Entry

Plag, Ingo, Plag, Ingo, et al.et al. Introduction to EnglishIntroduction to English

LinguisticsLinguistics. Berlin: Mouton, 2007. Print. Berlin: Mouton, 2007. Print

Quiz: Please Explain Yellow Part of Quiz: Please Explain Yellow Part of the Below Entrythe Below Entry

National Research Council.National Research Council. Beyond Six Billion:Beyond Six Billion:

Forecasting the World’s Population.Forecasting the World’s Population.

Washington: Washington: Natl. AcadNatl. Acad., 2000. Print., 2000. Print

Basic Rules for Title Basic Rules for Title

Italics

Quiz: What is the typeface (Quiz: What is the typeface ( 字體字體 ) for the title of) for the title of a booka book? ?

A Work in an AnthologyA Work in an Anthology

Put it in a quotation mark.

Quiz: What is the punctuation for the title ofQuiz: What is the punctuation for the title of an articlean article in an anthology or reference book? in an anthology or reference book?

A Work in an Anthology 1: A Work in an Anthology 1: Quiz: Please Explain the Yellow PartQuiz: Please Explain the Yellow Part

Franklin, Benjamin.Franklin, Benjamin. “Emigration to America.”“Emigration to America.”

1782. 1782. The Faber Book of AmericaThe Faber Book of America. Ed.. Ed.

Christopher Ricks and William L. Vance.Christopher Ricks and William L. Vance.

Boston: Faber, 1992. Boston: Faber, 1992. 24-2624-26. Print.. Print.

• Page numbers should be noted.Page numbers should be noted.• ““1782” is a supplementary note.1782” is a supplementary note.• Why capitalized E in “Ed”?Why capitalized E in “Ed”?


Allende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. MargarAllende, Isabel. “Toad’s Mouth.” Trans. Margaretet

Sayer Peden. Sayer Peden. A Hammock beneath theA Hammock beneath the

Mangoes: Stories from Latin AmericaMangoes: Stories from Latin America. Ed.. Ed.

Thomas Colchie. New York: Plume, 1992.Thomas Colchie. New York: Plume, 1992.

83-88. Print.83-88. Print.


Douglas, FrederickDouglas, Frederick. . Narrative of the Life ofNarrative of the Life of

Frederick Douglass, an American Slave,Frederick Douglass, an American Slave,

Written by HimselfWritten by Himself. . 1845. 1845. Classic AmericanClassic American

AutobiographiesAutobiographies. Ed. William L. Andrews. Ed. William L. Andrews

and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Lib.Lib.

Of Amer.,Of Amer., 2000. 267-368. 2000. 267-368. Print.Print.

An Article in a Widely-Used An Article in a Widely-Used Reference BookReference Book

Ex.Ex.

““Noon.” Def. 4b. Noon.” Def. 4b. The Oxford English DictionaryThe Oxford English Dictionary..

2nd ed. 1989. Print.2nd ed. 1989. Print.

• No need for full publication informationNo need for full publication information• Only edition, the year of publication, and the Only edition, the year of publication, and the

medium of publication consulted.medium of publication consulted.• The beginning part of this item will be remarked in the next slide.The beginning part of this item will be remarked in the next slide.

Quiz: Please Explain the Yellow PartQuiz: Please Explain the Yellow Part

““Noon.”Noon.” Def. 4b.Def. 4b. The Oxford English The Oxford English DictionaryDictionary..

2nd ed. 1989. Print.2nd ed. 1989. Print.

* Q. 1: Why no author’s name?* Q. 1: Why no author’s name?

* Q. 2: What does “* Q. 2: What does “Def. 4b.Def. 4b.” mean” mean??

An Introduction, a Preface, a An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an AfterwordForeword, or an Afterword

Ex.Ex.

Borges, Jorge Luis. Borges, Jorge Luis. ForewordForeword. . SelectedSelected

Poems,1923-1967Poems,1923-1967. By Borges. Ed. Norman. By Borges. Ed. Norman

Thomas Di Giovanni. New York: Delta-Dell,Thomas Di Giovanni. New York: Delta-Dell,

1973. xv-xvi. Print. 1973. xv-xvi. Print.

• Do not italicize it or put it in quotation mark.Do not italicize it or put it in quotation mark.• The author of this book will be remarked in the next slide.The author of this book will be remarked in the next slide.

Quiz: Who is the author of the Quiz: Who is the author of the book?book?

Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. SelectedSelected



1973. xv-xvi. Print. 1973. xv-xvi. Print.

Notes for the previous quizNotes for the previous quiz

Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. SelectedSelected Poems,1923-1967Poems,1923-1967. . By Borges.By Borges. Ed. Norman Ed. Norman Thomas Di Giovanni. New York: Delta-Dell,Thomas Di Giovanni. New York: Delta-Dell, 1973. xv-xvi. Print. 1973. xv-xvi. Print.

* Capitalize B in “By Borges” as it appears after a perio* Capitalize B in “By Borges” as it appears after a period.d.

* Since the author of the Foreword is also the author of t* Since the author of the Foreword is also the author of the book, use only the last name after “By.”he book, use only the last name after “By.”

* There is different ways of documentation between citi* There is different ways of documentation between citing the text, the editor’s note, or the foreword. ng the text, the editor’s note, or the foreword.

Quiz: What does the yellow part Quiz: What does the yellow part indicate?indicate?

Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. SelectedSelected



1973. 1973. xv-xvixv-xvi. Print. . Print.

Notes for the previous quizNotes for the previous quiz

Use lowercase Roman numerals for page Use lowercase Roman numerals for page numbers of the introduction, preface, numbers of the introduction, preface, foreword, etc. foreword, etc.

A Scholarly EditionA Scholarly Edition

Ex.Ex.Austen, Jane. Austen, Jane. Sense and SensibilitySense and Sensibility. Ed. Claudia. Ed. Claudia Johnson. New York: Norton, 2001. Print.Johnson. New York: Norton, 2001. Print.

• There is the issue for copyright as it is an edited There is the issue for copyright as it is an edited scholarly edition.scholarly edition.

• It will be easier for reader to find the quoted passage It will be easier for reader to find the quoted passage in your paper if you indicated the edition you used.in your paper if you indicated the edition you used.

A Multivolume WorkA Multivolume Work

Ex. Ex. Blanco, Richard. Blanco, Richard. The American Revolution,The American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Encyclopedia1775-1783: An Encyclopedia. . 2 vol2 vol. Hamden:. Hamden: Garland, 1993. Print.Garland, 1993. Print.Lawrence, D. H. Lawrence, D. H. The Letters of D. H. LawrenceThe Letters of D. H. Lawrence.. Ed. James T. Boulton. Ed. James T. Boulton. Vol. 8Vol. 8. New York:. New York: Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.Cambridge UP, 2000. Print.

* These two indicate two different types of citation: the former ge* These two indicate two different types of citation: the former general while the latter specific neral while the latter specific

A Book in a SeriesA Book in a Series

Ex. Ex.

Neruda, Pablo. Neruda, Pablo. Canto GeneralCanto General. Trans. Jack. Trans. Jack

Schmit. Berkeley: U of California P, 1991.Schmit. Berkeley: U of California P, 1991.

Print. Print. Latin Amer. Lit. and Culture 7.Latin Amer. Lit. and Culture 7.

* At the end; neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation * At the end; neither italicized nor enclosed in quotation markmark

Basic Rules for Publication Basic Rules for Publication Information Information

A) Non-periodical publicationsA) Non-periodical publications

B) Periodical publicationsB) Periodical publications

A)A) Publication Information:Publication Information: Non-periodical Non-periodical

a) city of publicationa) city of publicationb) publisherb) publisherc) year of publicationc) year of publication

Ex. Ex.

Austen, Jane. Austen, Jane. Sense and SensibilitySense and Sensibility. Ed. Claudia. Ed. Claudia Johnson. Johnson. New York: Norton, 2001.New York: Norton, 2001. Print Print..

• Punctuation regulations; no need of “printing press” or “Inc.” etc. Punctuation regulations; no need of “printing press” or “Inc.” etc.

More examplesMore examples

Anderson, Iain. Anderson, Iain. This is Our Music: Free Jazz,This is Our Music: Free Jazz, the Sixties, and American Culturethe Sixties, and American Culture.. Philadelphia: Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania PU of Pennsylvania P, 2007., 2007. Print. The arts and Intellectual Life in Mod.Print. The arts and Intellectual Life in Mod. Amer.Amer.Weisser, Susan Ostrov, ed. Weisser, Susan Ostrov, ed. Women andWomen and Romance: A ReaderRomance: A Reader. . New York: New YorkNew York: New York UPUP, 2001. Print., 2001. Print.

A Publisher’s ImprintA Publisher’s Imprint

Ex. Ex.

Morrison, Toni. Morrison, Toni. SulaSula. 1973. New York: . 1973. New York: Vintage-Vintage-

RandomRandom, 2004. Print., 2004. Print.

Quiz: What does “1973” indicate?Quiz: What does “1973” indicate?

A Book with more than one city of A Book with more than one city of publicationpublication

Document the first one if more than one city of Document the first one if more than one city of publication is given on the front page.publication is given on the front page.

A Book without Stated Publication A Book without Stated Publication Information or PaginationInformation or Pagination

Quiz: What does the yellow part of the below Quiz: What does the yellow part of the below items indicate?items indicate?

N. p.:N. p.: U of Gotham P, 2008. U of Gotham P, 2008.

Quiz: What does the yellow part of Quiz: What does the yellow part of the below item indicate?the below item indicate?

Ex.Ex.

New York: New York: n.pn.p., 2008.., 2008.


Ex.Ex.

New York: U of Gotham P, New York: U of Gotham P, n.d.n.d.


Ex.Ex.

New York: U of Gotham P, 2008. New York: U of Gotham P, 2008. N. pag.N. pag.

Quiz: Why is the difference between Quiz: Why is the difference between the below two items?the below two items?

Ex.Ex.

N. p.:N. p.: U of Gotham P, 2008. U of Gotham P, 2008.

New York: New York: n.pn.p., 2008.., 2008.

B) Publication Information:B) Publication Information: Periodical Periodical

Volume numberVolume number Issue number Issue number Date of publications (the year)Date of publications (the year) Inclusive page numbersInclusive page numbers

B) Publication Information:B) Publication Information: Periodical Periodical

Ex. Ex.

Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object:Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object:

Goethe and the Book of Everything.” Goethe and the Book of Everything.” PMLAPMLA

121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.

Quiz: What is the yellow part of the Quiz: What is the yellow part of the below item enclosed in the quotation below item enclosed in the quotation

mark? mark? Ex. Ex.

Piper, Andrew. “Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object:Rethinking the Print Object:

Goethe and the Book of Everything.Goethe and the Book of Everything.” ” PMLAPMLA

121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.


Ex. Ex.



121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.


Ex. Ex.



121.1 (2006):121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print. 124-38. Print.


Ex. Ex.



121.1 (2006): 121.1 (2006): 124-38124-38. Print.. Print.

An Article in a NewspaperAn Article in a Newspaper

Ex.Ex.

Jeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the ArtJeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the Art

World Does Goliath a Favor.” World Does Goliath a Favor.” New YorkNew York

TimesTimes 13 July 200213 July 2002, late ed.: B7+. Print., late ed.: B7+. Print.

Quiz: What does the yellow part in Quiz: What does the yellow part in the below entry indicate?the below entry indicate?



TimesTimes 13 July 2002, 13 July 2002, late edlate ed.: B7+. Print..: B7+. Print.




TimesTimes 13 July 2002, late ed.: 13 July 2002, late ed.: B7+.B7+. Print. Print.

A ReviewA Review

Mendelsohn, Daniel. “September 11 at theMendelsohn, Daniel. “September 11 at the

Movies.” Movies.” Rev. ofRev. of United 93United 93 dir. Paul dir. Paul

Greengrass, and Greengrass, and World Trade CenterWorld Trade Center, dir., dir.

Oliver Stone. Oliver Stone. New York Review of BooksNew York Review of Books 21 21

Sept. 2006: 43-46. Print.Sept. 2006: 43-46. Print.

The part in the quotation mark will be remarked in the next slide.


Mendelsohn, Daniel. Mendelsohn, Daniel. “September 11 at the“September 11 at the

Movies.”Movies.” Rev. of Rev. of United 93,United 93, dir. Paul dir. Paul






Movies.” Rev. of Movies.” Rev. of United 93,United 93, dir. Paul dir. Paul

GreengrassGreengrass, and , and World Trade CenterWorld Trade Center, dir., dir.







Oliver Stone.Oliver Stone. New York Review of BooksNew York Review of Books 21 21












Oliver Stone. Oliver Stone. New York Review of BooksNew York Review of Books 2121

Sept. 2006Sept. 2006: 43-46. Print.: 43-46. Print.






Sept. 2006: Sept. 2006: 43-46.43-46. Print. Print.

An Abstract in an Abstract JournalAn Abstract in an Abstract Journal

Ex.Ex.

Pineda, Marcela. “Desire in PostmodernPineda, Marcela. “Desire in Postmodern

Discourse: An Analysis of the Poetry ofDiscourse: An Analysis of the Poetry of

Cristina Peri Rossi.” Diss. Cristina Peri Rossi.” Diss. Indiana U, 2004.Indiana U, 2004.

DAIDAI 65.12 (2005): item DA3156288. Print.65.12 (2005): item DA3156288. Print.

• DAI: Dissertation Abstract InternationalDAI: Dissertation Abstract International• Indiana U, 2004: graduation college and yearIndiana U, 2004: graduation college and year

Common Correction SymbolsCommon Correction Symbols

See P. 250See P. 250

Thank You

An Over-All QuizAn Over-All Quiz

use P. 232use P. 232

Documents

Research Methodology and Writing 2013 Fall. MLA P. 123-212: Preparing the List of Works Cited