Research Into Use (RIU)1

Business Plan Template

20th of October 2009

Introduction

This document is the template applicants should use to prepare a short business plan.

Please follow the structure and page restrictions presented here to ensure that your business plan meets RIU’s submission requirements. Each section has a word or page restriction which is intended to help you bring out the key content and messages of your business plan. [However, you may include additional annexes as you think necessary.]

The template should be completed in Arial font, using a font size of not less than 11 point. The use of jargon is actively discouraged.

Business plans should be presented in MS Word format and should be emailed to Christine Wheeler (c.wheeler@nrint.co.uk ) by midday on Friday 20th of November 2009. Receipt of business plans will be acknowledged.

Electronic submissions are sufficient - you do not need to post a hard copy of your business plan to RIU.

1 Research into Use (RIU) is a DFID-funded programme aimed at catalysing agricultural innovation as a follow-up to DFID’s £220m investment in the Renewable Natural Resources Research Strategy (RNRRS). It represents a shift in emphasis away from generating new knowledge and towards ensuring that existing research with potential is promoted and scaled up successfully to achieve lasting development impact.

1

A. Basic informationTitle of your initiative: Safe and Affordable Armyworm Control Tools (SAACO-Tools) for poor farmers in East Africa to protect their crops against devastating armyworm outbreaks.

Name(s) of consortium members: Eco Agri Consultancy Services Ltd, Tanzania (EAC)Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Tanzania (MAFSC) Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya (MoA)Natural Resources Institute, UK (NRI)Lancaster University, UK (LU)Desert Locust Control Organisation for Eastern Africa, Ethiopia (DLCO-EA)Pest Control Products Board, Kenya (PCPB)Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Tanzania (TPRI)Bajuta International, Tanzania (Bajuta)Juanco SPS, Kenya (Juanco)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ethiopia (MoARD)CABI Africa, Kenya (CABI)

Country / countries where proposed activities will be implemented:Tanzania and Kenya

Summary of initiative. This initiative will establish a system for the production, supply, distribution and marketing of Safe and Affordable Armyworm Control Tools (SAACO–Tools). The tools are for local forecasting of outbreaks, and a cheap, safe biological pesticide for controlling them. Together the tools will reduce the devastating effects of armyworm outbreaks on food production. The system will supplement the centralised forecasting systems which do not meet the needs of the rural poor. It will also replace the use of imported chemical pesticides, which due to high cost and environmental unacceptability currently meet the needs of no more than 30% of poor farmers. The objectives are:1. Establish a supply network for registered, low cost forecasting tools, meeting the full needs of Tanzania and Kenya (estimated at over 5000 villages). 2. Establish a virus production system in Tanzania capable of producing at least 10,000ha worth of product per annum, and able to expand to meet the regional need of >100,000 ha per annum.3. Market SAACO-Tools to customers, including government services, farmers, community organisations, NGOs, and development partners, to sustained use and expansion to all affected countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. This will include establishing local forecasting in 120 villages, and applying the virus on up to 1000ha.

2

B1. Problem / target constraint to be addressed (one half page max)The African Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) is a particularly devastating pest. Large ‘armies’ of voracious black caterpillars appear suddenly as if from nowhere, catching farmers unawares and unprepared. This is due to the unusual migratory behaviour of the adult moths, which arrive en masse and lay billions of eggs in a few days. The resulting armies devour any crops in the grass family, including maize, sorghum, millet, rice and wheat, as well as pasture grasses. Uncontrolled outbreaks can cause total crop loss, with millions of hectares affected in bad years, although in some years there may be few outbreaks. The worst affected countries in Africa are Tanzania and Kenya, growing over 5m and 2m ha of cereals, of which 60% and 75% is maize respectively. Tanzania has over 5m rural agricultural households, so average cereal cultivation is around 1ha per household, but poorer farmers have less and are less able to cope with disasters like armyworm. About 30% of districts are susceptible to armyworm outbreaks, or around 2.1m households in Tanzania and Kenya.The scale and distribution of armyworm outbreaks has resulted in the governments of Tanzania, Kenya and other countries taking responsibility for the problem, using a two-pronged approach; outbreak forecasting and subsidised control. Understanding of the insect’s biology allows broad prediction of which parts of a country might expect outbreaks in the coming fortnight. But while such forecasts are useful for national planning, they are of little or no value to individual poor farmers. Often governments have insufficient capacity for timely control and as many as 70% of farmers may miss out in some years, as insecticides are expensive. Government purchase or external donation of insecticides for armyworm control contributes to pesticide stockpile problems. The SAACO-Tools address the problems of both forecasting and control, with particular benefit to poor farm households who cannot currently achieve timely control.

B2. Opportunity to address problem identified (one half page max)The SAACO-Tools are a combination of new forecasting and control methods. They provide a safe, affordable and practical solution to the armyworm problem. Research and development of the tools has been funded previously by DFID and others, but they have only recently been validated and become ready for commercialization and widespread use. Community based armyworm forecasting (CBAF) enables farmers to make forecasts for their own village, while SpexNPV is a non-toxic, low-cost and locally produced biological pesticide. Research has shown CBAF leads to improved control (over 80% accuracy), it is cost effective, and is popular with communities. Field trials with the naturally occurring disease of armyworms (Spodoptera exempta nuclear polyhedrosis virus, SpexNPV) have shown it is technically effective and can be sold at less than half the cost of chemical pesticides. It is also non-toxic, so avoids the problems of poor farmers lacking safety gear, and avoids creating dangerous stockpiles. The value of accurate forecasting is only realized if control can be implemented, while control needs good forecasting to allow it to be undertaken early enough before serious crop change occurs. Thus CBAF and SpexNPV complement each other. Our initiative will sustain the SAACO-Tool supply chain by addressing production/import, registration, distribution and market development. Use of the tools will sustain the production end of value chains for a range of crops critical to food security and national economies.

3

C1. Technology/product – technical, regulatory and commercial (one page max)SAACO-Tools provide a system for safe and affordable armyworm management, with two major components; Community based armyworm forecasting (CBAF) and the virus for control (SpexNPV). CBAF is a novel approach using technology already developed and validated in the field. Adult armyworm moth populations are monitored using a trap baited with a synthetic version of the scent (sex pheromone) the female produces to attract males. The design of the trap, the chemical components of the pheromone, and a mechanism for slow release of the pheromone have all been researched and optimized. CBAF is a radically different approach, as forecasting is done by, in, and for the community, rather than centrally by scientists. It involves mobilizing and training farmers in communities to use the trap to forecast impending outbreaks. Using local communication methods farmers receive outbreak warnings, so have time to prepare for control or seek help. We are in contact with suppliers of the trap and pheromone in UK (Russell IPM Ltd, International Pheromone Systems Ltd, AgriSense BCS Ltd), but there are no agents or distributors in E. Africa. Although the pheromone has been used for research, it has never been formally registered. Many countries do not require registration of pheromones for monitoring. Kenya and Tanzania do not have a protocol for commercial pheromone registration, so currently uses the rigorous requirements for pesticides, but recognise a less stringent protocol is required. A small amount of insecticide is used in the traps, but an already registered product can be used.

SpexNPV is a natural and highly infectious disease of armyworms that can rapidly wipe out outbreaks threatening to destroy crops. However in the natural outbreak cycle if often appears late or not at all, allowing armyworm outbreaks to devastate crops. The technology involves spraying outbreaks artificially with SpexNPV initiating epidemics that can destroy outbreaks within days achieving control. The SpexNPV is produced by harvesting it from dead insects from infected outbreaks then processing it into a stable formulation that can be applied by farmers just like conventional pesticides. SpexNPV will be marketed in a bottle of 50-100gm of NPV powder formulation affordable by small scale farmers.SpexNPV has approval for use in Tanzania as part of ministry led control programmes. The project will collect efficacy data from control operations to build a registration dossier for full commercial use but this cannot be achieved during the lifetime of this initiative. For use outside Tanzania EAC will develop strategic partnership with local biopesticide companies e.g. Kenya Biologics and team up to register in those countries. The forthcoming harmonisation of national registration procedures will facilitate adoption of commercial products in East African countries.

4

C2. Estimated size of demand for the product / technology (one page max)The total area of cereals prone to armyworm attack in Tanzania and Kenya is estimated at 2.1m hectares. (Larger areas of pasture and rangeland are affected, but demand for SAACO-Tools in those areas is low). The market for the SAACO-Tools is similar, but the pattern and distribution of demand for CBAF and SpexNPV in the susceptible areas is different. Demand for CBAF is based on outbreak risk, and we do not expect demand from low risk areas. In medium to high risks areas CBAF tools would be required every year. If one forecasting kit serves 200ha of crop (some villages are smaller), and half the susceptible area has a medium to high risk, there would be demand for 5,250 forecasting tools per year in the two countries. The constraint to meeting this demand is the capacity to mobilize and train farmers. Once that is done, our research shows that the tool is sustainable at low recurrent cost (see section C3), but the initial investment is relatively high. In this initiative we therefore focus on building the ability of customers to adopt the tool, stimulating demand. We will implement the approach in 120 communities, but establish in the public and private sector the capacity and supply system for its use in all areas of demand.The SpexNPV is required where and when outbreaks occur, both of which vary from year to year. In bad years several hundred thousand hectares of crops are affected and need controlling, while occasionally there may be little or no demand. In the last 3 years Tanzania has had outbreaks on crops covering 233,000ha, and Kenya 135,000ha, giving a mean annual area of 123,000ha requiring treatment. Demand in Tanzania is therefore estimated at 10-100,000 ha per annum of SpexNPV. MOAFS has a budget of US$500,000 per annum for migratory pest control technology and if we market at US$6 per hectare, this could itself fund purchase of enough SpexNPV in all but exceptional years when demand exceeds 100,000 ha. As the project is due to end only six months after the plant is commissioned it is not expected that production will have ramped up to full capacity for more than two months before armyworm outbreaks occur after January 2011, so that initially the MOAFS familiarisation and efficacy trials may involve 200-1000 ha of product in the armyworm outbreak season January- May 2011.In the future demand is expected from other countries in the region with large areas of cereals susceptible to armyworm, including Ethiopia (8.5m ha), Malawi (1.9m ha), Mozambique (2.3m ha) and Zimbabwe (2.2m ha). Outbreaks are less frequent in those countries, so CBAF might be appropriate for 10% of the area or 1.9m ha, creating demand for another 9,500 forecast tools at one per 200ha.

5

C3. Technology / product – cost and profitability (one page max)The cost of the forecasting equipment (f.o.b., Russell IPM) is: Trap - $5.60, Pheromone lure - $0.80; insecticide cube-$1.60. Two lures and insecticide cubes are needed per season, but a trap can last several years (say 3) giving a recurrent equipment cost of $6.7 per village per year, or $13.4 assuming 100% mark-up for distribution. Forecasters are volunteers (although in some pilots the village authorities have opted to provide modest remuneration), but we assume an opportunity cost of $36/year for the small amount of daily work during the susceptible period. Total recurrent cost is therefore almost $50 per village per season, equivalent to about 100kg of maize, or a mere 0.2% increase in yield for a village with 100ha and modest productivity of 500kg/ha.

In addition there are one-off set-up costs involving training of trainers and training of forecasters, which can be discounted over a period of years. In any one year, the costs of armyworm outbreaks and the benefits from controlling them depend on many factors including type of seed used, the weather, the intensity and frequency of outbreaks, the cost of inputs such as fertilizer and insecticide, and the area of crop in a village. In the least advantageous conditions (poor growing season, only 20ha crop, local seed, insecticide use only 50% efficient, outbreaks once in 10 years), the net present value (5% discount rate) breaks even with a 17.5% increase in the number of farmers controlling armyworm. Trials showed CBAF resulted in a 50 percentage points increase in the proportion of farmers controlling armyworms, sustained for 3 years. Thus as well has being profitable at village level on an annual basis, investment in setting up CBAF also generates returns at a district and national level.

By producing SpexNPV using the field production system we estimate this technology can be produced at 3US$ per ha and sold to retail customers at 5-6US$ per ha, currently chemical alternatives sell at 10US$ ha giving the SpexNPV a significant cost advantage. Through use of SpexNPV farmers can save up to 100% of their crop valued at approx $250 per ha, though a more general estimate of savings would be 18-30% of all acreage sprayed allowing for some prophylactic application to fields not subsequently seriously damaged. In order to benefit poor farmers, the product will be marketed in units sufficient to treat 1ha suitable for poor subsistence farmers who are major beneficiaries of armyworm outbreak control operations in East Africa. Distribution channels will be set up to ensure timely delivery at district level.

6

D1. Implementation activities and outputs (one page max)Activities are described under the 3 objectives listed in section A. The activities all contribute to the exit strategy through establishing the production, distribution and marketing of the SAACO-tools on a firm footing so that their use continues long term. 1.1 Pheromone registration. Using OECD guidelines, a pheromone registration protocol will be developed. A small team of experts will develop & table a draft at a stakeholder forum, prior to adoption by PCPB. The pheromone will be registered using existing data, and small efficacy trials if needed. Outputs will be an adopted pheromone registration protocol, and registration/exemption in both countries. 1.2 Set up forecast tools supply chain. Companies in UK supply the pheromone traps/lures. 3 supply scenarios are envisaged. a. Ministries of Agriculture purchase direct, and distribute through their extension systems; b. Private companies import for Ministries (through normal tender processes); c. Private companies import and distribute through their distribution networks. Ministries will continue to be the main customer, but Bajuta and Juanco are interested in distributing pheromone traps as a specialty product to support their other products. The output will be reliable supply chains of forecast tools.2.1 Mass harvesting of SpexNPV from field outbreaks. In the first armyworm season before the NPV processing plant is established, field production of SpexNPV will be undertaken to accumulate stocks of raw material ready for the start of production. This will be carried out in primary outbreak areas, and material will be cold stored frozen awaiting production plant commissioning.2.2 Procurement SpexNPV raw materials and equipment. Capital equipment and consumables for SpexNPV production will be sourced using primarily local suppliers in Tanzania. Most items will be standard catering food industry or medical equipment already available in Tanzania to ensure sustainable sourcing. 2.3 Establishing SpexNPV Production Plant. Building will be modified to form main SpexNPV plant as per production manual, staff will be recruited and trained. Facility will be commissioned by December 2010.. 2.4 Processing and production of NPV. Using SpexNPV raw material collected in early 2010 production of SpexNPV formulation will start December 2010 onwards to produce stocks for registration trials with MOAFS and for distribution to farmers.3.1 Establish CBAF in national systems. Training of trainers will enable ongoing implementation of CBAF. Implementation steps are: village meeting/forecaster election, forecaster training, season-long forecasting, monitoring and evaluation. The 40 villages in Tanzania will be in Kilosa, Kongwa, Mvomero, Bahi to demonstrate the combined value of CBAF and SpexNPV. In Kenya CBAF will be implemented in 80 villages in Coast and Eastern Provinces. Outputs will be cadres of trained trainers and 120 villages running CBAF.3.2 NPV familiarisation & registration trials. Field application of SpexNPV will allow MOAFS, the primary purchaser, to be familiarised with its use and to collect registration data. Training will be provided in the 4 CBAF districts, through farmer groups, to familarise farmers with SpexNPV and its use in the field.3.3 Develop & implement marketing strategy The major market is national and local government and this will be consolidated with district/national promotional events targeting budget holders. Field days in villages using CBA, will be held to demonstrate SAACO-Tools (with activity 3.2 where possible). Marketing materials will be distributed nationally through agrodealers partners. Mass media will be used to raise awareness. Future/regional markets will be reached through involvement of Ethiopian and DLCO staff; a joint regional seminar co-funded by SADC’s CBAF research project. Outputs will be marketing materials, media coverage and inclusion of SAACO-Tools in district/national/regional plans and strategies.

7

D2. Timing of activities and outputs

Please provide a Gantt chart showing the expected timing of the activities and outputs presented in the previous section to deliver on your specified objectives. A template is provided below (please delete the example contents below before completing)2.

Jan – Mar 2010

Apr – Jun 2010

Jul – Sept 2010

Oct – Dec 2010

Jan – Mar 2011

Apr – Jun 2011

Activities1.1 Forecast tool registration1.2 Set up forecast tool supply chain2.1 Mass harvesting of SpexNPV from field outbreaks2.2 Procure SpexNPV raw materials and equipment2.3 Establish SpexNPV Production Plant2.4 Processing and production of NPV3.1 Establish CBAF in national systems3.2 NPV familiarisation & registration trials3.3 Develop and implement marketing strategyOutputs1.1a Pheromone registration protocol adopted by 30/9/101.1b Pheromone registered/exempted by 30/6/111.2 Forecast tool supply chain established Ministries 2 Companies2.1 SpexNPV Production system established in Tanzania by 31/3/113.1a Training of Trainers courses completed 1 Kenya 2 - Tanzania 2 Kenya3.1b CBAF set up in 120 villages 40 - Kenya 40 - Tanzania 40 - Kenya3.2 NPV registration data by 30/6/113.3a Regional armyworm meeting (with SADC/IRCLO-CSA) June 20103.3b Marketing materials produced and distributed Produced Distributed Distributed Distributed3.3c Field days in CBAF villages 5 - Kenya 5 - Tanzania 5 - Kenya3.3d SACCO-Tools in district/national/regional plans by 30/6/11

2 Please add / remove rows and columns to / from the template as necessary.

8

E. Role of consortium members (one page max)The roles of the consortium members are as follows. Numbers in brackets are the activity numbers described in section D1.Eco Agri Consultancy Services will undertake mass harvesting of NPV from dead caterpillars collected in the field during the armyworm outbreaks, build, manage and operate the SpexNPV production, undertake quality control, and SpexNPV registration work (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.2). EAC will also take part in the promotional activities in relation to SpexNPV in Tanzania (3.3).Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Tanzania will be part of the forecast tool supply chain (1.2), train farmers and Trainers (TOT) to enable the end user to use SAACO–Tools(3.1, 3.2) and create an enabling environment for marketing and utilization of SpexNPV through policy formulation and registration (3.2, 3.3).Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya will peform the same role in Tanzania as MAFSC in Tanzania, but concentrating on CBAF activities, including taking part in pheromone registration process (1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.3).Natural Resources Institute will provide technical backstopping to establish production and sourcing of internationally procured production equipment (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4). NRI will also collate technical literature for pheromone registration and provide expertise for the development of a pheromone registration protocol (1.1). Lancaster University will supervise collection of registration data and collate results for technical literature and registration as part of the SpexNPV familiarisation and registration trials (3.2). Desert Locust Control Organisation for Eastern Africa will take part in activities (1.1, 1.2, 3.3) that enable them to stimulate demand for the CBAF tool in their other member countries, such as through their council of ministers.Pest Control Products Board will coordinate development of a pheromone registration protocol and guide the registration process in Kenya (1.1).Tropical Pesticides Research Institute will perform a similar role in Tanzania (1.1)Bajuta International Ltd will provide a distribution channel for CBAF equipment and marketing information, and link their local agents to CBAF villages to ensure availability of pesticides for control (1.2, 3.3). Juanco SPS will perform a similar role in Kenya (1.2, 3,3).Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ethiopia will be involved in activities as an observer, to begin building demand and capacity in Ethiopia to register and apply the SAACO-tools (1.1, 3.1, 3.3).CABI Africa will provide overall management. They will coordinate activities under objective 1 (1.1, 1.2), provide trainers for ToT courses (3.1), and take part in promotional activities (3.3), including linking to the ongoing SADC research project on CBAF.

9

F. Budget forecast (financial proposal)

Please provide details of the capital and operating costs by activity (stated in the previous section), and by quarter. Please use the following table to present the financial information3. If activities will be implemented in more than one country, please also present estimated costs per country. Please present your budget forecast in GBP Sterling (£).

Jan – Mar 2010

Apr – Jun 2010

Jul – Sept 2010

Oct – Dec 2010

Jan – Mar 2011

Apr – Jun 2011

Total Budget (£)

Activity costs Kenya*1.1 Forecast tool registration 2400 10000 3200 4500 6000 2000 281001.2 Set up forecast tool supply chain 1500 1500 1500 45003.1 Establish CBAF in national systems 32000 22000 21000 750003.3 Develop and implement marketing strategy 4000 22000 11500 12500 13000 63000Activity costs Tanzania*1.1 Forecast tool registration 1200 2200 2000 1500 69001.2 Set up forecast tool supply chain 500 1500 1500 35002.1 Mass harvesting of SpexNPV from field 17600 17600 352002.2 Procure SpexNPV raw materials and equipment 46000 460002.3 Establish SpexNPV Production Plant 39150 39150 783002.4 Processing and production of NPV 26680 26680 533603.1 Establish CBAF in national systems 22000 20000 420003.2 NPV familiarisation & registration trials 28000 17000 450003.3 Develop and implement marketing strategy 3000 6000 5000 9000 8500 31500Management costs (5%) 3110 2890 6342 6692 5409 1175 25618Total 65310 60690 133192 140522 113589 24675 537978

*All costs in Kenya are operating costs. In Tanzania all costs are operating costs except 10000 (activity 2.1), 32200 (activity 2.2) and 55000 (activity 2.3).

3 Please add / remove rows and columns to / from the table as necessary.

10

G. Risks and mitigating strategies (250 words per risk and mitigating strategy)Risk 1: Weather conditions result in no armyworm outbreaks Armyworm outbreaks and migration patterns are strongly influenced and determined by weather conditions, so there is a risk of no major outbreaks occurring during the 18 months time scale. This would reduce the impact of application of the SAACO-tools, especially the SpexNPV, though CBAF is used whether or not outbreaks occur. Risk rating: MediumMitigation strategy: Field application of the SAACO-Tools in Tanzania will be in the highest risk areas in Kilosa and neighbouring districts, maximising the probability that outbreaks are experienced. By implementing activities in several locations in Tanzania and Kenya the risk will also be reduced, and the 18 months time period will cover two armyworm seasons in Kenya. Risk 2: Products not competitive If SAACO-Tools are not competitive, demand will be low. CBAF is a new approach for which there is no competition, so this risk applies particularly to the SpexNPV. Although outbreaks sprayed with SpexNPV stop feeding and cause little further crop damage, the caterpillars do not die immediately as with other pesticides, potentially giving rise to the perception that SpexNPV is less effective. Risk rating: LowMitigation strategy: Our marketing strategy will take this into account, emphasising that SpexNPV is highly effective but also safer and cheaper than competing products. Government and donor programmes funding control operations should therefore prefer the biopesticide. Risk 3: Input supply failureThe pheromone trap and lures are currently manufactured in UK, and closure or failure of the company to deliver would interrupt supply and establishment of the supply chain. Similarly some of the SpexNPV production equipment will be sourced internationally creating exposure to risk of supply/shipment problems.Risk rating : LowMitigating strategy: The consortium has identified 3 alternative supply sources for the CBAF tool components. Where possible SpexNPV formulation components will be sourced in Tanzania, and multiples sources for internationally procured equipment will be sought. Risk 4: Demand from major customers less than projectedThe major customers for SAACO-Tools in the short term are the ministries of Agriculture in Tanzania and Kenya. Food security, environmental protection and specifically control of migrant pests are strategic priorities, but if these priorities shift or economic factors constrain migrant pest control budgets, demand could be reduced. Risk rating: LowMitigating strategies: The ministries in Tanzania and Kenya are implementing partners and are committed to the implementation of SAACO-Tools (see Annex 2). This will be reinforced under the marketing strategy, including through demonstrating the economic benefit of adoption SAACO-Tools.

11

Annex 1: Summary CVs of consortium members

Please provide summary details of the work experience and qualifications of the consortium members. One page per summary CV

The following CVs are annexed:

Wilfred Mushobozi, Eco Agri Consultancy Services Ltd, Tanzania (EAC)Francisca Katagira, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Tanzania (MAFSC)Stanley Kipkoech, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya (MoA)David Grzywacz, Natural Resources Institute, UK (NRI)Kenneth Wilson, Lancaster University, UK (LU)Abdurahman Abdulahi, Desert Locust Control Organisation for Eastern Africa, Ethiopia (DLCO-EA)Peter Opiyo, Pest Control Products Board, Kenya (PCPB)Thomas Mbise, ropical Pesticides Research Institute, Tanzania (TPRI)Juma Kapama, Bajuta International, Tanzania (Bajuta)Vasey Mwaja, Juanco SPS, Kenya (Juanco)Fikre Markos, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ethiopia (MoARD)Roger Day, CABI Africa, Kenya (CABI)

12

Curriculum Vitae: Wilfred L. MushoboziPersonal Details:Name: Wilfred Ludovick MushoboziNationality: TanzanianAddress: P.O. Box 15040 Arusha, TanzaniaEmail: w.mushobozi@ecoagriconsult.comWebsite: www.ecoagriconsult.com Tel: + 255 754 282 182Key Qualifications:B.Sc, M.Sc. Agriculture (Crop Protection), by thesis – Distinction. Plovdiv

University of Agriculture – Bulgaria (1985 – 1991). Professional involvement in agri-business consultancy and capacity building, and

presently the Director of Sustainable Agriculture and Agri-Business Development for Eco Agri Consultancy Limited (2002 – present).

Main focus is the development of agri-business skills, organic farming and good agriculture practices, horticultural sub-sector studies and value chain development.

Employment History:Employer Job title and activities

2005 – present: Director and Team Leader – Sustainable Agriculture and Agri-Business Development –Eco Agri Consult

1991-2005:Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security P.O Box 9192 Dar es salaam.

Senior Agricultural Officer, National Armyworm Forecaster and CoordinatorActivities: To coordinate all armyworm operations in Tanzania, including armyworm research and field control operations.

TrainingDate Training Course Location2007: Agricultural Sector Development Gro – Link (Sweden) – MS-TCDS

(Danish Training Centre – Arusha)2007: Production Chain and Quality Standards

Management in Agricultural ProducesHIVOS & TOAM – Dar es Salaam

2007: Tanzania Agro Export Competitiveness Programme (Advisory level)

International Trade Centre (ITC) BMS Programme and Tanzania Board of External Trade - Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Selected PublicationsWilson, K., Grzywacz, D., & MUSHOBOZI, W.L. (2009) Biological control of

armyworm in Africa: pitfalls and solutions. Pesticides News 84: 18-19. Grzywacz, D., MUSHOBOZI, W.L., Parnell, M., Jolliffe, F. & Wilson, K. (2008)

Evaluation of Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpexNPV) for the field control of African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Tanzania. Crop Protection 27 (1): 17-24.

Grzywacz, D., MUSHOBOZI, W., Moscardi, F., Cory, J.S., Ray, R. & Wilson, K (2006) Novel technologies for control of African Armyworm on smallholder cereals in East Africa. In: Perspectives on Pests II. (Sweetmore, A., Ed) Natural Resources International Ltd, Alyesford, pp 93-95.

MUSHOBOZI, W.L., Grzywacz, D., Musebe, R., Kimani, M. & Wilson, K. (2005) New approaches to improve the livelihoods of poor farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania through monitoring and control of African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta. Aspects of Applied Biology 75 (Pathways Out of Poverty): 37-45.

13

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Stanley Kipkoech Arap Tale TemburDate of Birth: Dec. 1960Marital Status: MarriedLanguages: English, Kiswahili and KalenjinAddress: Plant Protection Services Sub-Division

Waiyaki Way, NARLP.O. Box 14733NAIROBI

Mobile No.: +254 726 621 062

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

1983 – 1986 BSc. (Agriculture) Hons. – University of Nairobi

OTHER TRAINING

Introduction course to Civil Service Ethics & Code of Conduct in Nakuru in 1987 Communication skills course in Agriculture Information Resource Centre Introduction to MS-DOS and other computer software – Computer Applications

in 1993 Financial management course at Kenya Institute of Administration in 2005 Agricultural Extension course in Kericho in 1990 Advocacy, Human Rights and Governance course in Nairobi in 2005 Integrated Pest Management Course in the People’s Republic of China in

October 2006

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Sept. 1986 - Sept. 1988 Agricultural officerSept 1988 – Oct. 1997 Kericho District Agricultural Extension OfficerOct. 1997 - Dec. 1998 Laikipia District Agricultural OfficerJan. 1999 – Aug. 2003 Bureti District Agricultural and Livestock Extension

Officer (DALEO)Aug. 2003 – Mar. 2006 Nyamira District Agricultural OfficerMar. 2006 to date Plant Protection Pesticide Advisory and Regulatory

Services, Responsible for Migrant pests

14

CURRICULUM VITAESURNAME: GrzywaczFORENAMES: DavidQUALIFICATIONS: B.Sc II.1 (Hons) Zoology Sheffield University, UKFellow of the Royal Entomological Society, Fellow of Society of Invertebrate Pathology

EMPLOYMENT1996 to present: Principal Scientist, Agriculture Health and Environment Group, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich. EXPERIENCEWith more than 25 years experience in the field, David Grzywacz is a world expert in techniques, training and research of the biological control of tropical insect pests. He has worked on research and development of new pest control systems using insect viruses as natural biocontrol agents on field crops, especially cotton, vegetables and legumes in developing countries. His research has covered all aspects of biocontrol from the isolation and evaluation of new pathogens in laboratory and field through to scaling up mass production and advice on regulation. He has been project leader of a portfolio of more than £1.8 million of projects in the last 10 years and technical collaborator on an extensive variety of other projects. These have been funded by multilateral and bilateral aid agencies providing research and training to national research organisations, international research organisations, universities, SMEs and private sector clients. His particular focus in recent years has been establishing the local uptake of research by developing countries through establishing networks to facilitate the adoption of new biotechnology and establishing local production and use of new biological integrated pest management (IPM) products. Key experience includes: Establishment of local production of insect virus biopesticides in India and

Thailand 1992-2000. In India the nucleopolyhedrovirus insecticides that were the object of the programme are now registered and in production by many local companies and the government service.

Development and promotion of biological pesticides for controlling pests on horticultural crops in Kenya (1997-2004), Benin and Ghana (2000-2004). New national regulations for commercialisation of biocontrol agents were developed and adopted in Kenya and Ghana and production and registration of these is now underway in Kenya.

Research and development of novel biocontrol for African armyworm 1997-present. This is ongoing with DFID-BBSRC support.

Research and promotion of new low chemical IPM systems for legume production in India and Nepal 1999-2005. Local development of these continues by project partners.

Research and development of international quality control standards for biopesticides

Advisory services to Government authorities in Kenya, Benin, Ghana, Nepal, India and Thailand on quality control standards and registration for biological pesticides for use as pest control products.

Training and teaching on MSc at the University of Greenwich. Currently Deputy leader for the NRI MSc Natural Resources course.

15

CURRICULUM VITAE: KENNETH WILSON

PERSONAL DETAILSName: Dr Kenneth WilsonPresent position: Reader in Evolutionary EcologyAddress: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster

LA1 4YQ, U.K.Contact: Tel: +44 (0)1524 593349; email: ken.wilson@lancaster.ac.uk HIGHER EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS1985-1988: PhD (Entomology / Ecology); University of Sheffield, U.K.1982-1985: B.Sc. (Hons.) Zoology; University of Nottingham, U.K.EMPLOYMENTJul 2006 – present: Leader - Organisms & the Environment Research Theme (Lancaster University)Feb 2004 – present: Reader in Ecology (Lancaster University)Sep 1996 – Feb 2004: Lecturer / Reader in Ecology (University of Stirling)Sep 1996 – Sep 2001: NERC Advanced Research Fellow (University of Stirling)

Evolution of resistance to pathogens in LepidopteraFeb 1993 – Aug 1996: Post-doctoral Research Associate - NERC (University of Cambridge)

The impact of parasitism on host selection in Soay sheep on St. KildaDec 1988 – Sep 1992: Post-doctoral Research Officer - ODA (University of Wales – Bangor) Migration of the African armyworm moth, Spodoptera exemptaHIGHLIGHTS My current research explores the ecological interaction between parasites/pathogens and their

hosts, especially insects, including the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta and its pathogens.

My NERC Advanced Research Fellowship explored the interaction between Spodoptera caterpillars and their natural enemies (NPV, fungi and parasitoids), and included extensive fieldwork in Kenya and Tanzania.

I have produced more than 80 publications, including papers in most of the top generic science journals (e.g. Nature, Science, PNAS). I have written 12 invited book chapters, mostly on host-parasite interactions.

I have acquired over 1 million pounds in grant funding in the past 10 years and my current research is funded by the BBSRC, DFID, NERC and the Royal Society.

I teach population ecology, evolutionary biology, environmental biology, entomology and animal behaviour at undergraduate and Masters levels, and have supervised or co-supervised 14 PhD students.

SELECTED REFERENCESVilaplana, L, WILSON, K, Redman, EM & Cory, JS (in press) Pathogen persistence in migratory

insects: high levels of vertically-transmitted virus infection in field populations of the African armyworm. Evolutionary Ecology 22pp.

WILSON, K., Grzywacz, D., & Mushobozi, W.L. (2009) Biological control of armyworm in Africa: pitfalls and solutions. Pesticides News 84: 18-19.

Grzywacz, D., Mushobozi, W.L. & WILSON, K. (2009) Armyworm NPV for Africa: illustrating problems of promoting biopesticides in Africa. Biocontrol News and Information 30(2): 31N-32N.

16

CV - Abdurahman Abdulahi

Address : DLCO – EAP.O. Box 4255Tel.: 011 (6) 461477ADDIS ABABA

Qualifications:1987 – 1990: University of London, Imperial College of Science and

Technology, Ph.D. in Entomology1974 – 1976: University of Minnesota, MSc. in Entomology1967 – 1972: Alemaya College of Agriculture, B.Sc. in Agriculture

(Plant Sciences)Work Experience:

October, 2004 - Present: Senior Research Officer, DLCO – EA.Major responsibilities include overall initiation, planning, organization and direction of all scientific research activities undertaken by the Organization.

Nov. 2003 – Sept. 2004: Research Officer, DLCO – EA.

Major responsibilities included development of alternatives to chemical control of migrant pests and field testing of Community Based Armyworm Forecasting.

Oct.1999 – Oct. 2003: Base Manager, Dire Dawa DLCO – EA Major duties included to ensure and confirm adequacy of technical preparations for the aerial survey and control migratory pests, to provide the required support to the research activities and programmes assigned to the Base.

1997 – 1998: Acting Head, Crop Protection Division, and FAO/EMPRES Liaison Officer, Ministry of Agriculture

1990 – 1997: Senior Entomologist, Chairman of Pesticide Registration and Advisory Committee and FAO/EMPRES Liaison Officer, Ministry of Agriculture

1976 – 1987: Senior Entomologist and Head of Crop Protection Division, Ministry of Agriculture

1972 – 1974: Junior Crop Protection Officer in the Extension and Project Implementation Department (EPID), Ministry of Agriculture

17

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DETAILS

Name: Peter Opiyo

Date of Birth: 24 May 1963

Nationality: Kenyan

Contact: Pest Control Products BoardP.O. Box 13794-00800NairobiKenyaTel: +254 20 444 6115Mob: +254 722 767 647

ACADEMIC RECORD

1987 – 1989 M.Sc. (Analytical Chemistry) University of Allahabad

1983 – 1986 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Punjab University

EMPLOYMENT RECORD

1991-1997 Government Analyst, Government Chemist Deputy Section Head, Toxicology Department

1997 to date Chief Pestice Analyst Pest Control Products Board

Head of Registration

18

CURRICULUM VITAE: THOMAS JONES MBISE

CONTACTSTropical Pesticides Research InstituteP.O. Box 3024, Arusha, TanzaniaEmail: mbise@habari.co.tz Tel: 55 27 250 5871

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONReading University – UK M.Sc Technology of crop protection

{1982 – 1983}University of Dar es Salaam B.Sc. (Zoology, Botany & Education)

{1976 – 1979}

WORKING EXPERIENCE Research Scientist, TPRI, Arusha, January 1980 to date

Head Plant Protection Division – July 2009 to date Head Rodenticides Research Section - 1980 – to date

SELECTED PUBLICATIONSMbise, T. J. (2006). Rodent Pest Management using rodenticides. In: Makundi, R.H.,

Kilonzo, B. S., Masawe, A.W., Mbise, T.J., Kagaruki, L. and Mulungu, L.S. (Eds). Management of selected crop pests in Tanzania. Tanzania publishing House, Dar es Salaam, pp 268-278.

Kilonzo BS, Mbise TJ, Mwalimu DC and Kindamba L. (2006). Observations on the endemicity of plague in Karatu and Ngorongoro, northern Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin (2006), Vol. 8,No. 1.

Ngowi AVF, Mbise TJ, Ijani ASM, London L, Ajayi OC (2007). Smallholder vegetable farmers in Northern Tanzania: Pesticides use practices, perceptions, cost and health effects. Crop Protection DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro. 2007.01.008.

Makundi, R.H., Massawe, A.W., Mulungu, L.S., Katakweba, A., Mbise, T.J. and Mgode, G. (2007). Potential mammalian reservoirs in a bubonic plague outbreak in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania, in 2007. Mammalia 72 (2008) 253 – 257.

19

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATAName: Juma Tuwelango Kapama.Nationality : Tanzanian.Marital status:

Married (to formerly Miss. Lightness Samuel Ndehaki).

Contacts Home Library Service, P. Box. 7297 MOSHI: Mob: 0754 666709; 0653 351414E-mail:kapama_1999@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND1998 – 2001 M.Sc. in “Soil Science and Land Management”, Sokoine University of

Agriculture (SUA) Tanzania. 1997 – 1997 Certificate: Techniques in Insect Pathology, by CAB- INTERNATIONAL,

Nairobi Kenya.1991 - 1994 B. Sc. in Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Morogoro,

Tanzania.

WORK EXPERIENCE1994- 2004, Employed by Tanganyika Planting Company (TPC LIMITED) in Kilimanjaro, as a research Agronomist.2005 – 2007, Employed by Suba Agro Trading and Engineering (SATEC) as an Agronomist and Head of agro seeds department2007-2008: Employed by Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperative (MAFCS) as Agricultural Tutor posted at National Sugar Institute KIDATU.2008-2009 - employed by Hangzhou Agrochemical (T) Ltd as Principal Agronomist and vice - general ManagerMay 2009 -date Employed by BAJUTA INTERNATIONAL (T) LIMITED as Head of Agricultural department.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Kapama J.T. (2001), Experience of EDB ban against white grubs at TPC

sugarcane Estate Moshi, Tanzania. TEA proceedings 2001.Kapama at al (1999), Cordyceps the white grubs pathogen in Tanzania.

Mycology, 9, pp2.

20

CURRICULUM VITAE : VASEY NYAMU MWAJA

CONTACTS Address P.O. Box 1336 KAREN 00502, NAIROBI, KENYATelephone +254 20 2088754-6 (Day)Mobile +254-734 -600 870 /+254-722-232858Email vmwaja@yahoo.com / vsmwaja5@gmail. com

EDUCATION1994 Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Natural Resources &

Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois USA. Horticulture, Weed Science and Plant Physiology.

1985 M. S. in Agriculture, Department of Plant Science & Mechanized Agriculture, California State University, USA

1984 B. S. in Agricultural Science (Cum Laude), Department of Plant Science & Mechanized Agriculture, California State University, USA

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE2005-date General Manager, Juanco SPS Ltd, Karen, Kenya2000-2005 Marketing Manager, CropScience Division, Bayer East Africa Ltd1995-1999 Technical & Development Manager, Crop Protection Division, Bayer

East Africa Ltd., Nairobi. 1994-1995 Product Development Associate, Monsanto Company, Indiana1993-1994 Visiting Extension Specialist/Assistant Professor, Department of

Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois1990-1993 Research Associate, University of Illinois.1988-1990 Senior Lecturer in Horticulture, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya1986-1988 Head, Fertilizer and Agricultural Services Division, Kenya Grain

Growers Cooperative Union Ltd., Nakuru 1979-1980 Provincial Crops Officer, Ministry of Agriculture, Embu, Kenya

SELECTED PUBLICATIONSPowon, M. P., J. N. Aguyoh and V. Mwaja. 2006. Growth and tuber yield of potato

(Solunum tuberosum L.) under different levels of phosphorus and farm yard manure. Agricultura Tropica ET Subtropica 39(3).

Mwaja, V. 2005. Controlling Weeds. In ‘Conservation Agriculture, A manual for Farmers and Extension Workers’. International Institute for Rural Reconstruction. Nairobi pp. 115-127.

Mwaja, V. N. 2003. Rosy Future – thanks to Flint. Courier: The Bayer CropScience Magazine for Modern Agriculture 2/3 7) pp. 14-17.

Mwaja, V. N., I. Kohler, and A. L. Owuor. 1997. Mixture of old and new: Coffee cultivation in East Africa. Courier Agrochem. (1/97) pp. 11-13.

Masiunas, J. B., C. E. Eastman, V. N. Mwaja and D. Eastburn. 1997 . The impact of living and cover mulch systems on pests and yields of snap bean and cabbage. J. Sustain. Agric. 9:61-89.

Mwaja, V. N., J. B. Masiunas, and C. E. Eastman. 1996. Rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) intercrop management in fresh market vegetables. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121 (3): 586-591.

Mwaja, V. N., J. B. Masiunas, and L. A. Weston. 1995. The effect of fertility on biomass phytotoxicity and allelochemical content of cereal rye. J. Chem. Ecol. 21:81-96.

Mudge, K. W., V. N. Mwaja, F. M. Itulya, and J. Ochieng. 1995. Comparison of four moisture management systems for cutting propagation of Bougainvillaea x Buttina & Standl. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. and Dovyalis caffra (Hook. f. et Harv.) Warb. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 120(3): 366 - 373.

21

CURRICULUM VITAE : Roger Day

1. CONTACTSAddress CABI Africa, P.O.Box 633-00621, Nairobi, Kenya.Telephone +254 (0)20 7224450E-mail R.Day@cabi.org

2. EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS 1976-1979 BA. (hons) Zoology, University of Oxford, UK 1979-1980 MSc. Applied Entomology (distinction) Imperial College, UK 1981-1985 Ph.D. Applied Entomology, University of London, UK

3. EMPLOYMENT2009-date Deputy Director, Development, CABI Africa2007-2009 Regional Director, CABI Africa1996-2007 Coordinator, Knowledge & Information Systems, CABI Africa1991-1996 Project Manager, CABI Africa1986-1991 Research Fellowship, Imperial College/NRI on Armyworm forecasting 1985-1986 Post-doctoral contract, ICI/Imperial College1981-1985 Research assistant, Imperial College and Malaysian Cocoa Growers

4. SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE Nearly 30 years' experience living and working in tropical agriculture in Africa and Asia covering research, development and capacity building. Broad knowledge of agricultural development issues in CABI's three themes: Invasive Species, Commodity Crops and Knowledge for Development. Specialist expertise in biological control, phytosanitary systems and international standards, integrated pest management and entomology. Knowledge and experience of information and knowledge systems including participatory and community based approaches such as Farmer Field Schools, national systems of innovation and communication and knowledge management strategies.

5. SELECTED PUBLICATIONSDay, R.K. (ed) (2004). Tree Crop Priorities: A review of opportunities for

development and marketing of 9 tree crops in East Africa. Report for the Eastern African Fine Coffees Association/USAID. 294pp.

Day, R.K., Haggis, M.J., Odiyo, P.O., Mallya, G., Norton, G.A. & Mumford, J.D. (1996). WormBase: A data management and information system for forecasting Spodoptera exempta in eastern Africa. Journal of Economic Entomology 89, 1-10.

Day, R.K. & Knight, J.D. (1995) Operational Aspects of Forecasting Migrant Pests. pp 323-334 In Drake, V.A. & Gatehouse, A.G. (Eds) Insect Migration : Physical factors and physiological mechanism. Cambridge University Press.

Holt, J., Mushobozi, W., Day, R. K., Knight, J. D., Kimani, M., Njuki, J., Musebe, R. (2006). A simple Bayesian network to interpret the accuracy of armyworm outbreak forecasts. Annals of Applied Biology 148, 141-146

Njuki, J., Mushobozi, W., Day, R. K. (2003). Improving armyworm forecasting and control in Tanzania.  Report of a socioeconomic survey.  Unpublished.

Nyeko, P., Mutitu, E. K., and Day, R.K. (2007). Farmers' knowledge, perceptions and management of the gall-forming wasp, Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), on Eucalyptus species in Uganda. International Journal of Pest Management 53, 111-119

22

Annex 2: Government commitment to armyworm forecasting and control in Kenya and Tanzania

Kenya

23

24

Tanzania

25

26