Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know

8/12/2019 Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know

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Research in HomeopathyWhat Basic We Need to Know

Dr. Saurav Arora

BHMS (DLI), Gold Medalist

Senior Research Fellow (CCRH)Founder: Initiative to Promote Research in

Homeopathy

www.audesapere.in
http://www.audesapere.in/http://www.audesapere.in/


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Problems associated with Research


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Problems associated with Research

Poor motivation

Wrong approach

Inadequate exposure to research

Inaccessibility to published research

Lack of Expertise

Scarce resources

Manpower

Funds

Institutional support


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Research Awareness

Research Literacy

Research Proficiency/Understanding

Research Expertise


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Aim of this workshop

By the end of this interaction, you should beable to learn:

Basics about research in homeopathy (need)

Research question and hypothesis generation

Literature review

Brief about research methods and scientificattitude

Evidence level


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For easy comprehension and detailed

discussion.

Let us discuss one by one

Basics about Research in Homeopathy

(Need) Research Question and Hypothesis

generation

Literature Review

Brief about Research methods andScientific attitude


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Basics about Researchin Homeopathy


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Why Research: Open Discussion!


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Research.

Research has many definitions.

It is the exploration for answers of unanswered questions.

The systematic investigation into and study of materials andsources in order to establish facts and reach conclusion

Systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and controlthe observed phenomenon

Search, verify, present and predict


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Why Research in Homeopathy


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Why Research in Homeopathy

Since the discovery of Homeopathy in 1796 it has been useduniversally, because of its affordability, availability, easierapplicability and no side effects.

It is gaining popularity due to clinical effectiveness.

But it faces controversies for

Its mode of action,

Lack of standardization in preparation/ prescription/dissemination.

Physico-chemical nature of ultra high diluted medicines

Effectiveness of homeopathy in various disease conditions etc.

To address such issues Research is the


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Why to Understand Research


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Why to Understand Research

To Read Research

To Evaluate Research

To Protect Ourselves From Quacks

To Be a Better Physician

To Be a Better Thinker

To Be Scientifically Literate

To Do Your Own Research

To have a Name


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What benefits one can get ????

Research is usually considered as a dry subjectand

Many a time people ask what are benefits to

invest so much of time and brain in research?

The answer is

Your contribution and support towards science

Satisfaction you get

In addition..


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In addition.

Name, fame and experience

Skill development

We can actually feel the struggle our stalwarts went throughto make homeopathy acceptable.


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Where to start thinking?? Or Where is

my cup of tea??


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Research needs

A spark

An idea

An observation

A hypothesis

An establish fact you want to testify


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Decision lies on the level of

research literacy one has

Level of Evidence in Research


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Now let us move to.

Research Question and Hypothesis

generation

Literature Review



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Research Question and

Hypothesis Generation


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A research question is from

Area of interest

Area of choice

Area of uncertainty

Observed Phenomenon


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A good research question should

meet the FINER criteria

Feasible

Interesting

Novel

Ethical

Relevant

FINER


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The Research Hypothesis (H1)

The research hypothesis is a formal affirmative statement

predicting a single research outcome a tentative explanation of the

relationship between two or morevariables

is directional


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Deduction and Induction

Deduction

Induction


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Possible Outcomes inHypothesis Testing

True False

Accept

Reject

Correct

CorrectError

Error


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Possible Outcomes in

Hypothesis TestingTrue False

Accept

Reject

CorrectDecision

Correct

DecisionError

Error

Type I Error

Type II Error

Type I Error: Rejecting a True Hypothesis

Type II Error: Accepting a False Hypothesis


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Now its time to move to..

Literature Review



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Literature Review


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The Literature Review

The review of the literature is defined as

A broad

Comprehensive

In-depth

Systematic, and

Critical review of

Scholarly publications, unpublished scholarly printmaterials, audiovisual materials, and personalcommunications.

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Relationship Of Review Of Literature To Theory,

Research, Education And Practice

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Research

PracticeEducation

Theory

Review ofLiterature


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Purposes of Literature Review

Discovering knowledgeDetermines

What is known about a subject and what is not known

Duplicity of work

Gaps, consistencies & inconsistenciesStrengths & weaknesses of earlier work

An appropriate research design/method (instruments, datacollection and analysis methods)

The need for replication of a well designed study or refinementof a study

Provides motivation for future work.

There is no point spending time and energy for work already done, but yes

you may re-test it!

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l id li


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General Guidelines to

Writing a Literature Review

Sit with an aim to point out a major research topic ratherthan a global problem.

For example: Number of Homoeopaths in all countries vs. No. of

Homoeopaths in India.

Discuss the topic with your peers, colleagues and mentors.

Dont attempt to cover everything - Pick out the mostrelevant research.


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Where to Start??


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Offline Resources

Journals

Books

Thesis

Dissertations

Unpublished reports


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Online Resources Biomedical Search

Engines

Source Link

Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

ScienceDirect http://www.sciencedirect.com/

Wiley Online Library http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/

Google Scholar http://scholar.google.co.in/

Microsoft Academic Research http://academic.research.micros

oft.com/

Mendeley (free referencemanager and academic socialnetwork)

http://www.mendeley.com/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/http://scholar.google.co.in/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://www.mendeley.com/http://www.mendeley.com/http://academic.research.microsoft.com/http://scholar.google.co.in/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/


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Homeopathic Databases

Source Link

CAM-QUEST: Quick-Finder forHomeopathy and other types ofcomplementary medicine

www.cam-quest.org/en/

Homeopathy Research Institute(HRI)

www.homeoinst.org

Institute for the History of Medicine www.igm-bosch.de/content

International Journal of High

Dilution Research (IJHDR)

www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index

.php/ijhdr/indexVeterinary Research Database homeopathicvet.org

Database of Scientific Publicationsin Homeopathy

www.audesapere.in
http://www.cam-quest.org/en/http://www.homeoinst.org/http://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://homeopathicvet.org/Veterinary_Research_into_Homeopathy/Welcome.htmlhttp://www.audesapere.in/http://www.audesapere.in/http://homeopathicvet.org/Veterinary_Research_into_Homeopathy/Welcome.htmlhttp://www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexhttp://www.igm-bosch.de/content/language2/html/index.asphttp://www.homeoinst.org/http://www.cam-quest.org/en/


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The Search in Over.. Now what??

Organize Your Search Results

Topical Order organize as per main problem and its results

Chronological Orderby the dates the research was published

Problem-Cause-Solution OrderProblem to the solution

General-to-Specific Order(Also called the funnel approach)Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specificstudies that relate to the topic

Specific-to-General OrderTry to make discuss specific researchstudies so conclusions can be drawn


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S.

No.

Title Author Citation

(Journal/Vol/PagNo.)

Salient

Points

Organizing Your Literature Review


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Search Cite but Dont Misuse

Plagiarism includes

1. Using another writers words without proper citation2. Using another writers ideas without proper citation

3. Citing a source but reproducing the exact wordwithout quotation marks4. Borrowing the structure of another authors

phrases/sentences without giving the source

5. Borrowing all or part of another students paper6. Using paper-writing service or having a friend writethe paper


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Brief about Scientific

Research methods andScientific attitude


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Preliminary Step

After Learning Why Research in Important

Identifying Area of Interest

Research Question

Literature Review

Formulating Objectives

The time is to learn about Research Methods


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Scientific Method, and Research

By definition Research is methodical

It should be undertaken using scientific

methodsScientific Method

involves the principles and processes onset norms

process or approach to generating valid

and trustworthy knowledge


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Scientific Method, and Research

Research Methods(Methodology)

The ways one collects and analyzesdata

Methods developed for acquiring

trustworthy knowledge via reliableand valid procedures


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Outline of Research Process

Phase 1: essential first steps

Phase 2: data collection

Phase 3: analysis and interpretation


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Broadly

The research goes like this: Research Question

Specific Objective(s)

Preparation of Protocol

Data Collection

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Data Reporting (Publication)


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Structure of Research

begin with broad questions

narrow down, focus in

operationalize

OBSERVE

analyze data

reach conclusions

generalize back to questions

The "hourglass" notion of research


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Important Factors in Research

Objective(s)

Variable

any observation that can take ondifferent values

Attribute

a specific value on a variable


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A Research Report

A Research Report shouldgenerallyinclude:

Statement of problem

Review of relevant literature

Statement of hypothesis or research objectives

Description of research design

Selection and operationalization of variables

Description of sample selection procedure

Description of how data was collected

Data presented and summarised in words Conclusion, limitations, and implications

Bibliography or references cited

Appendices

Last but not the least I know many


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Last but not the least.I know many

things.. What Should I Do Now?

Share your idea with person(s) you trust

Invite their suggestions, comments and criticism

Alone one cannot do research so Make a team

The team should consist at least one statisticianPlan your research and prepare a time line

Divide the work according to expertise of each member ofteam

Discuss it with team from time to time

Follow the time line strictly

Identify a Mentor


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Leave you valuable feedback at

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http://www.audesapere.in/contactmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.audesapere.in/contact

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Research in Homeopathy - What Basic We Need to Know