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DEAS
The High-Tech Strategy for Germany
PROSPER TYINNOVAT ON
Research for Civil SecurityProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Imprint
Published byFederal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)Security Research Division53170 Bonn
Orders Please submit orders in writing to the publisher:P.O. Box 30 02 3553182 Bonnor via the following contact optionsphone: +49 1805 262 302fax: +49 1805 262 303(14 cents / minute via landline, max. 42 cents / minute via cell phone)E-mail: [email protected]: http//www.bmbf.de
Editors VDI Technology Centre GmbH
Design ecosense – media & communication, Cologne
Printer Bonifatius GmbH, Paderborn
Bonn, Berlin 2012
Picture credits Cover picture: View of the A 45 in Hagen / © Norbert Dörnbach - Fotolia.com
Innovations for civil security:Protection of supply infrastructures
The heater remains cold, telephone and Internet con-nections are interrupted. Traffic lights are out of order, and fuel pumps at filling stations have stopped work-ing. A prolonged power outage would lead to extensive social and economic disruptions in Germany. Electric power is also needed for conditioning drinking water. Like clean drinking water, the energy supply is among a modern industrial nation’s most important resourc-es. Although extremely rare in Germany, when they do occur, large-scale power failures or contaminants in drinking water affect a large part of the populace. Secure supply infrastructures are therefore of great importance.
Authorities and operators are also facing new chal-lenges here, in view of the increasingly complex security risks. Hazards such as technological accidents and natural disasters, as well as new threats like terrorism and organized crime must be identified early for timely initiation of countermeasures and avoidance of cascade effects.
As part of its programme titled “Research for Civil Se-curity”, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has allotted a total of over 245 million euros for civil security research to the end of 2011. The goal is to develop security solutions which can be embedded in comprehensive organizational concepts and plans of action.
However, civil security solutions which are innova-tive and suitable for society arise not only from technical innovations. Because every citizen comes into contact with security applications, social requirements must also be taken into account in the development of new technologies and organizational concepts. This is one of the security research programme’s main guiding principles.
Solutions which are compatible in practical and so-cial terms are therefore a central component of the civil security research projects presented in this collection of information, which deals with “protection against failure of supply infrastructure.” The results of research on the security of supply infrastructure will contribute significantly toward improving security standards for the benefit of citizens.
Scenario-based principles and innovative methods for the reduction of the risk of power supply failure (GRASB)
MotivationProlonged power failure can be caused by natural dis-asters, accidents or intentional acts. Such situations can also contribute to the breakdown of public communica-tions networks and other utilities like gas and water.
Goals and strategiesThe joint project’s primary objective is therefore to reduce the risk of major power outages. In the course of this partnership, scientists and utility companies will jointly identify critical power supply infrastructures and classify them according to different risk levels. Consid-ered here, in particular, are scenarios in which power failures adversely affect the population.
Innovations and perspectivesThe joint project GRASB will develop risk management and evaluation methods on the basis of investigated sce-narios. This includes identifying responsibilities and in-frastructures that require special protection, estimating resources and developing a communication concept. These measures are intended to enable power supply companies to recognize failure risks early, on the basis of specific criteria.
110-kV outdoor installation (source: RheinEnergie AG, Cologne)
AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleScenario-based principles and innovative methods for re-ducing the risk of power supply failure, taking into account their impact on the populace (GRASB)
Duration09/2009 - 08/2012
Project partners• Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance
(BBK), Bonn• Cologne University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Rescue
Engineering and Emergency Management, Cologne• TÜV Rheinland Consulting GmbH (TRC), Cologne• Wölfel Beratende Ingenieure GmbH + Co. KG (WBI),
Höchberg
Project coordinatorDr.-Ing. Heiko KlickTÜV Rheinland Consulting GmbHAm Grauen Stein 3351105 KölnPhone: +49 221 [email protected]
Learning information infrastructures for crisis management in case of medium to large elec-trical power breakdowns (InfoStrom)
MotivationElectric power is crucial to many supply systems, such as IT communication, transportation and healthcare. Though rare in Germany, when power failures do occur they often take the population by surprise and can ac-cordingly cause significant damage. Decisive factors for good crisis management therefore include timely infor-mation and communication.
Goals and strategiesThe InfoStrom research project will develop a concept for fast response to power outages. Of equal priority here are rapid technical restoration of power supply, acceleration of organizational processes, and communi-cation with affected actors. The project focus is on infor-mation management, especially acquisition, processing and dissemination of digital information to relevant user groups and the population.
Innovations and perspectivesInfoStrom is currently preparing a decentralized, IT-based security platform. It will link all participants responsible for failure management, across organiza-tional boundaries. Of decisive importance here is to pri-oritise and evaluate the acquired information in terms of relevance, credibility, etc., and present the outcome according to users’ needs. This will create a framework for coordinating information flows for all those con-cerned. Furthermore, establishing such information flows in near real-time is encouraged, in order to im-prove situation analysis and communication for person-nel deployed on-site, and to aid affected citizens.
Control centre in Berzdorf (source: RWE Rhein-Ruhr distribution network GmbH)
AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleLearning information infrastructures for crisis management in case of medium to large electrical power breakdowns (InfoStrom)
Duration03/2010 - 02/2013
Project partners• SAP AG, Walldorf• University of Siegen
- Institute for Business Information Technology - Institute for Media Research
• PSI AG, Berlin• RWE Deutschland AG, Essen• Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology
(FIT), St. Augustin
Project coordinatorProf. Dr. Volkmar PipekUniversity of Siegen, Institute for Business Information TechnologyHölderlinstraße 357068 SiegenPhone: +49 271 [email protected]
Infrared laser-based fibre optic sensor system for drinking water monitoring (IRLSENS)
MotivationThe supply of drinking water is an aspect of daily life in which particular importance is attached to maximum quality. Compliance with stringent regulations concern-ing drinking water is checked on the basis of maximum values for contaminants. Conventional measurement systems are already capable of detecting contamination of various kinds, and their origins, in a relatively short time, permitting operators to issue corresponding warn-ings to users of the affected drinking water network. One example here is the washout of fertilizer by heavy rain, which could result in regional crossing of specified parameters. Poisonous substances, especially fertilizers and pesticides, can be introduced into drinking water not just by accidents or natural disasters, but also by criminal or terrorist activities.
Goals and strategiesThe IRLSENS project is accordingly meant to develop an innovative measurement system capable of detecting, in particular, pesticides such as insecticides and chlorinat-ed hydrocarbons like chloroform in a matter of seconds, so that operators of the affected supply network can be alerted more quickly. The new system blends innova-tions in the field of laser- and fibre-based infrared analy-sis to offer a powerful measurement technique.
Innovations and perspectivesThis new system’s advantages lie in fast analysis, spe-cialization in a particular group of substances, and auto-mation. Because the measuring system will sometimes need to be installed in poorly accessible areas of the drinking water network, its automation is of particu-lar importance. The project’s technological elements will be accompanied by research into social-scientific aspects, especially effective risk communication, and analyses of legal frameworks.
Drinking water must meet the highest quality standards (source: ©iStockphoto.com/Chirkov)
AnnouncementCooperation between Germany and Israel in civil security research
Project titleInfrared laser-based fibre optic sensor system for drinking water monitoring (IRLSENS)
Duration05/2010 - 04/2013
Project partners• Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (IAF),
Freiburg• Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques
(IPM), Freiburg • Bruker Optics, Ettlingen• DVGW Water Technology Centre (TZW), Karlsruhe• Partner in Israel: Tel Aviv University (IL)
Project coordinatorDr. Frank FuchsFraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State PhysicsTullastraße 7279108 FreiburgPhone: +49 761 [email protected]
Intelligent emergency power supply concepts involving renewable energies (Smart Emer-gency Supply System SES2)
MotivationMalfunctions in power plants or power lines can quickly lead to widespread power outages. Prolonged, supra-regional disruptions in electricity supply hold great potential for destabilizing the economy and populace. Strategies for ensuring a minimum supply are therefore of crucial importance. Fail-safe automation of decentral-ized supply systems is a new approach of achieving a minimum electricity supply.
Goals and strategiesProject SES2 aims to create new emergency power supply structures incorporating decentralized conversion sys-tems and renewable sources such as photovoltaics, wind turbines and fuel cells. An intelligent network manage-ment system, capable of optimising operations in a cri-sis, will be developed for renewable and other sources. To be considered here, above all, are the needs of house-holds based on individual as well as regional factors. To register these factors accurately, the social-scientific element of the project will survey the minimum supply requirements of potentially affected households in the event of short-, medium- and long-term supply disrup-tions.
Innovations and perspectivesIncreasing integration of renewable and distributed power sources opens up new options for implementing fail-safe power supplies. Based on this, the SES2 research project will make an important contribution toward ensuring continued supply for urbanized regions in the event of a prolonged, widespread power failure so as to reduce the risk of social instability.
SES2 model of minimum emergency supply via renewable and distributed power sources (source: Egon Ortjohann)
AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleIntelligent emergency power supply concepts involving renewable energies (Smart Emergency Supply System SES2)
Duration08/2009 - 07/2012
Project partners• South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences – Soest
division – Department of Electrical Engineering – Field of Energy Supply, Soest
• Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Faculty of Education, Culture and Social Sciences – Institute for Social Sciences
• devboards GmbH, Paderborn• APtronic AG, Bad Sassendorf• Geesthacht Public utilities GmbH, Geesthacht
Project coordinatorProf. Dr.-Ing. Egon OrtjohannSouth Westphalia University of Applied Sciences – Soest divisionLübecker Ring 259494 SoestPhone: +49 2921 [email protected]
Simulation of intersectorial cascade effects through breakdowns in supply infrastructures using a virtual 3D city model of Berlin (SIMKAS-3D)
MotivationPower supply systems, such as that for drinking water, depend increasingly on the functionality of other systems like the electricity supply. A disruption in one supply system can therefore quickly lead to a cascade of further disruptions.
Goals and strategiesThe joint project SIMKAS-3D will develop decision-making and coordination tools which will help avoid cascade effects following a failure of critical infrastruc-ture. The aim of SIMKAS-3D is to analyse dependencies between supply systems using a virtual 3D city model of Berlin and by conducting exercises. Preventive measures, and strategies for action in the event of a disruption, will be prepared on the basis of simulations. Involved here, besides administrative bodies responsible for security, are, in particular, operators of infrastruc-tures for gas, water, electricity and district heating.
Innovations and perspectivesSIMKAS-3D will develop an IT-based platform suitable for all operators, which allows them to retain an over-view, even in extreme emergency situations, and make the correct decisions quickly, in order to minimize the risks of failure associated with cascade effects in supply infrastructure. Within the framework of this IT-based platform, options for improved situation analysis will be combined with realistic simulations, in addition to the development of means of supporting communication and coordination between responsible participants.
!AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleSimulation of intersectorial cascade effects through break-downs in supply infrastructures using a virtual 3D city model of Berlin (SIMKAS-3D)
Duration09/2009 - 08/2012
Project partners• Technical University of Berlin – Center for Technology and
Society• Technical University of Berlin – Department for Geodesy
and Geoinformation Science• DHI-WASY GmbH, Berlin• Inter 3 GmbH Institute for Resource Management, Berlin• Berliner Wasserbetriebe, Berlin• NBB Netzgesellschaft Berlin-Brandenburg mbH & Co. KG• Vattenfall Europe Distribution Berlin GmbH, Berlin• Vattenfall Europe Wärme AG, Berlin
Project coordinatorDr. Leon Hempel, Technical University of Berlin – Center for Technology and SocietyHardenbergstraße 36 A10623 BerlinPhone: +49 30 [email protected]
Potsdam Square, Berlin (source: ©iStockphoto.com/Nikada)
Protection of the supply of drinking water with regard to CBRN scenarios (STATuS) – Phase 2
MotivationThe continuous supervision and guarantee of proper drinking water quality is an essential governmental mandate in a modern industrial nation. The central supply of drinking water needs to be protected against hazards: On one hand against accidents and natural disasters, on the other hand against crimes, such as ter-rorist attacks, in which biological, chemical or radioac-tive substances could be introduced into the drinking water system.
Goals and strategiesThe aim of the STATuS joint project is to conduct a com-prehensive threat and risk analysis regarding the con-tamination of drinking water with biological, chemical or radioactive substances. This will serve as a basis for preparing specific security strategies, organizational concepts and technical innovations in order to safe-guard drinking water. The results will be made available to users and authorities in the form of guidelines. All rel-evant phases of the drinking water supply chain, rang-ing from conditioning to consumption, will be covered.
Innovations and perspectivesDuring the course of this joint project, particularly criti-cal segments of the water supply system will be identi-fied in cooperation with the companies involved. For these areas, the risks of contamination by different ma-terials will be examined, and solutions developed. Socio-logical studies will shed light on the extent to which the necessary preventive measures and countermeasures are accepted by the populace.
Aerial view of a dam (source: KWL Water Supply Association, Kleine Kinzig)
AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleProtection of the supply of drinking water with regard to CBRN scenarios (STATuS) – Phase 2
Duration10/2009 - 02/2013
Project partners• 3S Consult GmbH, Garbsen• Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics, System Technologies
and Image Exploitation (IOSB), Karlsruhe• Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research
(ISI), Karlsruhe• IWW Water Research Institute, non-profit, Mülheim an der
Ruhr• German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and
Water (DVGW) e.V., DVGW Water Technology Center (TZW), Karlsruhe
• bbe Moldaenke GmbH, Kronshagen
Project coordinatorDr. Josef Klinger, DVGW Water Technology Center (TZW)Karlsruher Straße 8476139 KarlsruhePhone: +49 721 [email protected]
Energy and fuel supply for petrol stations and emergency generators during power outages (TankNotStrom)
MotivationAlmost all critical infrastructures, such as public trans-port and hospitals, rely on a functioning power supply, backed up by emergency generators in the event of a cri-sis. If the electricity supply failed for several weeks, there would no longer be enough fuel for emergency genera-tors or vehicles deployed by rescue teams, because most filling stations have no emergency power supply. The joint project TankNotStrom will develop new ways of resolving the dependence of critical infrastructure on a continuous fuel supply.
Goals and strategiesTankNotStrom aims to create an information, manage-ment and logistics system capable of maintaining a minimum fuel supply in the event of a power outage. To be inventoried here are emergency generators, deploy-able vehicles, the necessary quantities of fuel, as well as filling stations in Berlin-Brandenburg. In a test, emer-gency generators operated by the participants will be equipped with sensors enabling disaster control author-ities to determine current fuel requirements through an independent communication system. The possibility to connect mobile emergency generators will be realized at selected filling stations.
Innovations and perspectivesBecause the existing communications infrastructure would not be usable in the event of a prolonged power failure, TankNotStrom will include an independent com-munications system powered by emergency generators. This system will, in turn, ensure a fuel supply for these generators. Filling stations can be integrated into the system by means of mobile emergency generators. An-other focus of the project is on fuel logistics in the event of a crisis. Once complete, the project is to offer a func-tional demonstration system which can subsequently be developed and put into operation.
Seite 4
Gesamtsystem
Tank depot
Emergency vehicleFilling station
Emergency generator
Electrical energy
Fuel
Communicationinfrastructure
Fuel supplier
Communication
Dependence of infrastructure on fuel supply (source: TimeKontor AG)
AnnouncementProtection of Supply Infrastructures
Project titleEnergy and fuel supply for petrol stations and emergency generators during power outages (TankNotStrom)
Duration06/2009 - 05/2012
Project partners• TimeKontor AG, Berlin• Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Department
of Business and Management, Institute for Security and Safety
• Technische Universität Berlin, Innovation Centre Energy• Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin• HiSolutions AG, Berlin• Berlin Fire Department, Berlin• Berlin School of Economics and Law, Security Manage-
ment Programme, Berlin
Project coordinatorIngo Schwenzien, TimeKontor AGSchönhauser Allee 10 - 1110119 BerlinPhone: +49 30 [email protected]
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