Research for a Sustainable Development – Experiences from ... · Research for a Sustainable Development – Experiences from Austria Brigitte WEISS Energy and Environmental Technologies

Research for a Sustainable Development –Experiences from Austria

Brigitte WEISSEnergy and Environmental Technologies

Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology22.11. 2005

• Why sustainable technologies?

• Examples and activities from Austria, sucess stories

• International technology cooperation• Experiences and benefits

• Example I: biomass stoves

• Example II: solar thermal applications

ContentsContents



• International technology cooperation

• Experiences and benefits



ContentsContents

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Source: Technology Review, MIT, Vol. 10/No. 3 (March 2005) aus Vortrag R. C. Marlay

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2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Exaj

oule

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AndereBioenergieSolarenergieWasserkraftKernenergieGas (Methan)RohölKohle

Growth in energy demandGrowth in energy demand

World-wide primary energy mix, (Source: IIASA-WEC 1998, scenario A3)

Millions of People Without Electricity

Millions of People Relying on Biomass

28 20

509 530

56 96

815

221 332

801

18 570

1.6 Billions of people world wide without electricity, 2.4 billions relying on traditional biomass (Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2002)

Energy povertyEnergy poverty

today

equal use of ressourcesat current population

level (based on consumption level of

industrialised countries)

equal use of ressources and doubling of the population of

dev. countries (based on consumption level of

industrialised countries)

Equal use of ressources, doublingof the population of dev. countries and half ot the current

mass-flows

Global mass-flowsconsumptionper-capita

Source:Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, und Energie

developing countriesindustrialised countries

Equal distributionEqual distribution



• International technology cooperation

• Experiences and benefits



ContentsContents

R&D Programme “Technologies for a sustainable development“• Goal: to foster a structural change leading

towards a sustianable economy throughresearch, development and dissemination

• Programme started in 1995

• Based on long term R&D tradition in energy and environmental R&D

• R&D topics: renewables, energy and ressource efficiency, strategic solution, socioeconomic aspects

One Austrian answerOne Austrian answer

• Orientation at function / service

• Resource efficiency

• Use of renewable resources

• Multiple (cascadic) use of resources

• Embedding, flexibility and adaptibility(appropriateness)

• Tolerance (fault-proof), ability to learn and risk-precaution

• Ability to ensure work, income and quality of life

Sustainable technology: 7 key principlesSustainable technology: 7 key principles

• R&D projects and accompanying measures

• Shows that sustainable technologies and solutions really work: demonstration projects

• Dissemination of the concept of sustainabledevelopment

• 3 subprogrammes:

• Building of Tomorrow

• Factory of Tomorrow

• Energy Systems of Tomorrow

The programmeThe programme

Support of research and development projects concerning energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy sources and the use of ecological building materials in the building sector. The results obtained will beimplemented through trend-setting demonstration buildings.

Building of Tomorrow 1999 - 2007

Factory of Tomorrow 2000 - 2008

Energy Systems of Tomorrow 2003 - 2009

Support of research and development projects in the field of productionprocesses, product service systems and renewable resources. Theresults will be put into practice through trend-setting demonstrationprojects.

Support of research and development projects concerning renewable energy sources, efficiency,system innovations and strategies. The results will be realised through trend-setting regional model systems.

The ProgrammeThe Programme

FaFaççade integrated solar collector for ade integrated solar collector for water and space heatingwater and space heating

Examples in AustriaExamples in Austria

Straw house in passive house standardStraw house in passive house standard

Office and exhibition Building

Wall system: woodconstruction

Insulation: straw bale

Solar heating and coolingsystem


Straw for insulationStraw for insulation

Use of renewable ressources: enviromentally friendly, no hazarduous waste

Use of agricultural by-product: chap and locally available, income for local people


Autarkic buildingmaintainance

Collecting rain waterfrom roof

Warm water producedby solar collectors

Electricity produced byphotovoltaic panels and wind

Ecological alpine refuge hut, Alps, Ecological alpine refuge hut, Alps, HochschwabHochschwab, 2153 m, 2153 m


Biomass district heating

Heat from local source: wood

Thermal capacity: X MW

Heat supply for Y households and Z

(source: Lev)

Biomass Heating Plant Biomass Heating Plant PassailPassail


Heat and electricity from biomass

6,3 MW district heat (29 GWh/yr)

1,3 MW grid electricity (4,7 GWh/yr)

Biomass input: 10.000 t/yr

Heat supply for Y households and Z

(CHP: combined heat and power, source: VKW)

Steam Cycle CHP plant Steam Cycle CHP plant ReutteReutte


Fluidised bed gasifier8 MWtot, 2 MWel4,5 MWth

Production of: heat, power, fuels for transport, syngas

(CHP: combined heat and power, source: RENET)

Gasification CHP demo plant Gasification CHP demo plant GGüüssingssing


Example for small scale biomass combustion: systems for individual households, small settlements, residential blocks

Heating and hot water for households

Automatic heating system –user friendly high-tech biomass heating system

(Source: Herz)

Combined logwood and pellet boilerCombined logwood and pellet boiler


Emission reductionCO emissions are an indicator for the quality of combustion and emissions in total

R&D lead to a significant reduction of CO emissions of wood boilers for domestic use

(Source: BLT Wieselburg)

The achievements of Austrian R&D The achievements of Austrian R&D ––Example Example bioenergybioenergy

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(mg/

Nm

3)

Efficiency increaseEfficiency is the decisive factor for good fuel use: low costs, more sustainability, “get more for less”

R&D lead to a significant efficiency increase of wood boilers for domestic use

(Source: BLT Wieselburg)

The achievements of Austrian R&D The achievements of Austrian R&D ––example example bioenergybioenergy

40

50

60

70

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90

100

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

Jahr

Wirk

ungs

grad

%

• Market development and professionalisation

• Competition and current improvements

• Guaranteed quality of biomass boilers

• Qualification courses for installers by Austrian biomass Association and boiler producers

• Service networks: service as a key for success

• 24 h repair guarantee, service contract, remotecontrol of boiler paramenters by producers

Accompanying factors for successful Accompanying factors for successful implementation implementation ––example example bioenergybioenergy

BioenergyBioenergy use in Austriause in AustriaHydropower

14,6%

Other Renewables

12,1%

Fossil fuels73,3%

Primary Energy in Austria(Source: Wifo 1997)Other renewables: almost 100% bioenergy

Bioenergy has a significant role in theAustrian energysystem



• International technology cooperation• Experiences and benefits



ContentsContents

• IEA (International Energy Agency): technology programmes

• EU framework programmes

• International R&D projects

• ERA NET

• Networks and Centres of Excellence

• Technology Platforms

• Others

International technology collaboration International technology collaboration ––Austrian activitiesAustrian activities

• Strengthening of R&D capacities

• Sharing of costs, pooling technical ressources

• Avoidance of the duplication of efforts and therepetition of errors – learning from experiences of others

• Better visibility at international level

• Better international R&D contacts help to develop newideas (+ proposals, projects,…)

International collaboration International collaboration -- the benefits:the benefits:

• Examples in a field of high priority topics of Austrianenergy R&D:

• Biomass

• Solar thermal appplications

• Technologies developed in Austria are adapted and implemented in developing countries

• Implementation of projects funded by ADA (AustrianDevelopment Agency)

Two examples for technology Two examples for technology collaboration collaboration –– success storiessuccess stories

• Open fire for cooking, heating and lighting

• Some 2.4 billions of people worls-wide rely on traditional biomass

• Problem: Combustion of firewood with low efficiency(10 – 20%)

• 80 – 90% of fuel is wasted

• High emissions (health problems!)

• High fuel demand causes deforesteation, desertification and heavy work loads on womenand children

Combustion of firewoodCombustion of firewood

• High efficiency clay stove basedon austrian tile stove technology

• Based on centuries of technology experience in Austrian Alps

• Efficiency up to over 80%

• Built with locally availablematerials

• Training necessary to spreadtechnology

Clay stove for use in dev. countriesClay stove for use in dev. countries

Source: Austrian energy agency

• Baseline study to learn localneeds

•Cooking habits, fuel availability, ethno-sociology, gender situation, kitcheneconomy, income opportunities, technology acceptance, feasability and desirability

• Technology development•Following the results of baseline study, construction and optimisation of prototype stove on the test site

Project designProject design

Source: Austrian energy agency

ImplementationImplementation• Implementation in target areas: Zimbabwe, Bhutan

• wood stove programme, support scheme

• Training and dissemination

• Project partners:

• IEZ, Johannes Kepler University Linz

• Austrian Tiled Stove Association

• Austrian Energy Agency

• Implementation funded by Austrian Development Agency

• R&D funded by Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology

• Excellent framework conditions for solar application in Zimbabwe, replacement of:

• Electricity for hot water preparation: high prices, supply problems, limited access to electricity(infrastructure)

• da noch was rein

• Traditional solar drying of agricultural products: poorquality, high workloads, high losses

• Zimbabwe produces over 400.000 t of fruits and vegetables/yr, 70% from smallholder farmers, 45% lost

Solar thermal applicationsSolar thermal applications

• Starting point: Some 20 yrs of Austrian experience in solar energy

• Baseline study in Zimbabwe to learn about local needsand framework conditions

• Technology development, construction of prototypesand optimisation in close cooperation with localpartners:

• University Harare, companies, installers

• Training courses for installers and producers

• Implementation: Facilities for hot water preparation, solar dryers for agricultural products

Project designProject design

Coffee dryers,Zimbabwe

Source: AEE-Intec

Drying chamber

Air collector

Speke Hotel in Kampala, Uganda

Source: AEE-Intec

ImplementationImplementation• Implementation and dissemination in Zimbabwe up to

8/2004:

• 375 solaranlagen

• 6 solar dryers

• 8 training courses with 179 participants

• Dissemination also in Uganda, Iran

• Project partners:• AEE-Intec

• Implementation funded by Austrian Development Agency

Technology is not the only solution, but Technology is not the only solution, but a valuable instrument to implement a valuable instrument to implement sustainable development.sustainable development.

There is not one single technology that There is not one single technology that can solve all problems, but a mix that can solve all problems, but a mix that has to be well adapted to every single has to be well adapted to every single situation.situation.

Often simple solutions are the best.Often simple solutions are the best.

Documents

Research for a Sustainable Development – Experiences from ... · Research for a Sustainable Development – Experiences from Austria Brigitte WEISS Energy and Environmental Technologies