Research Design

By Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)

Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)

Tel. 0703826155,0753521891

Define research Design Describe the different types of Research designs


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Definit ion: It is a map that will guide the study Amin.M(2005), calls it a conceptual map It is equated to an architectural plan that will guide

the Engineer on what type of house to construct ie where to fix the ventilators, windows etc.

A research design is an overall plan or strategy for conducting the research


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Research design represents the structure that guides the execution of the research method and the analysis of the subsequent data.

According to Kumar(2005), a design is the plan, structure or strategy for investigation

A design therefore guides the conceptualization of the study variables, handling of research methods, sampling of respondents and data analysis.


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Definit ion; It is about how you intend to go about your research.

According to Bryman.A & Bell.E(2007), a research design provide a framework for the collection and analysis of data.


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Broadly, research designs are divided into two categories: Qualitative and quantitative research designs Within these, there are several different research designs

such as; survey, experimental, historical, case study, ethnography, correlation, cross-sectional design, longitudinal design which the researcher may choose from.

The researcher should choose a research design that will help him to achieve the purpose, objectives/research questions


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Qualitat ive Research design are characterized by data(information) that can be described verbally or non-numerically

Quantitative Research design is based on theory of positivism or logical positivism

This postulates only that phenomenon that is observed by human senses are meaningful

A phenomenon must be directly observed and concepts must be defined in observable and measurable terms


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Sources of Difference

Quantitat ive Qualitat ive

Approach Scientific and formal Scientific & neutralData Data reduced to

scoresPresented in narrative description

KnowledgeProcess of Inquiry

Concrete, conceptual and precise .Can be tested, seeks proof

Experiential, contextual and best expressed by the owners

Process of Inquiry Uses random sample, asks how much, how many, manipulates variable to prove hypothesis

Understand patterns of occurrences in order to identify variables

Mode of analysis Statistic interpretativeBro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)

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Quantitative Qualitative

Process of Inquiry •Manipulates variables to prove hypothesis•Asks how much, how many•Uses sample random•Asks how much, how many•Probabilistic

•Understands patterns of occurrence in order to identify variables•Asks why, who, when etc•Non probabilistic


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Quantitative

Qualitative

View of Reality •Objectivity •Subjective•Not a single reality

Role of Research Deductive Inductive


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Kothari(2004:33) Means of obtaining information Availability and skills of the researcher and his

staff if any Objective to the problem to be studied Nature of the problem to be studied Availability of time and money for the research

work. The justification for choosing a given research

design should also be clearly statedBro.Francis

Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Tel. 0703826155,0753521891

It is based on a world view which is holistic with the following beliefs:

What we know has meaning within a given situation or context

Reality is based on perceptions that are different from each person.


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Case study Ethnography Phenomenology Historical(Past events) Longitudinal


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Purpose Process Data collection Data analysis Communicating findings


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Meaning;This is a type of qualitative research in which the

researcher explores a single entity or phenomenon(the case) using a variety of methods; this requires the researcher to pick on a particular area and study it conclusively and come up with detailed about that particular case study


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Purpose: Study a single entity in depth in order to gain

insight into the larger cases. Describe and explain rather than predict a

phenomenon A case may be an organization, patients,Justif ication: Uses smaller samples for in depth analysis


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Meaning;This aims to cover 100 percent of the population.Purpose: Provide numeric descriptions of some part of the

population Describe events as they are, as they were and

they will be.


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Justif ication: Rapid data collection Suitable for extensive research. Generalization is possible


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Meaning;This is qualitative inquiry◦ The researcher studies an intact community in a natural

setting over along period of time to study culture, behavior & other variable◦ Methods used are participant observation, unstructured

interviews◦ Respondents are normally selected without using

random


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Purpose: Identify the presence or absence of attributes Investigate little understood phinomenon


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Meaning;◦ Describe the experience from a participants point of view◦ The researcher describes a given phenomenon that

could be an event, a relationship.◦ sampling(purposive)◦ The researcher and respondent work together to obtain

information◦ Interviews are not structured◦ The participant does more of the talking while the

researcher does most of the listening.


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Meaning: Explanation and understanding of past phenomenon from data already in existence. Data is normally archival

Purpose: to arrive at conclusions about causes, trends and effects about past phenomenon in order to explain the present and predict and control the future.

Justif ication: Useful where primary data can be collected


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Experimental Correlation Descriptive Cross-sectional


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What is the study about Why is the study being made Where will the study be carried out What type of data is required Where can the data be found What periods of time will the study include What will be sample design What techniques of data collection will be used How will the data be analyzed In what style will the report be prepared


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Meaning:◦ This involves systematic manipulation of some

characteristic and explanation of the outcome◦ Holds variables constant except the independent

variable.◦ One group is the experimental group


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Purpose: To test cause-effect relationship through manipulation

of variables

Justif ication: A sure way to establish the cause-effect relationship


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MeaningDetermines whether or not and to what extent an

association exists between two or more paired quantifiable variables

Purpose: To compare two or more characteristics from the

same groupJustif ication To determine whether and to what degree does a

relationship exists between quantifiable variablesBro.Francis

Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Tel. 0703826155,0753521891

Meaning:◦ Describes a phenomenon as it exist◦ Takes raw data and summarizes it into a useable form


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Aim at describing and quantifying the distribution of certain variables in the study population at one point of time.


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Data is collected on variables of interest from the selected sample repeatedly over time in order to study the trends of behavior of such variable.


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Documents

Research Design