Research by: Emily Reinhard—Milwaukee School of EngineeringMentors: Ben Champion Noel N Schulz Rebecca GouldMentors: Ben Champion, Noel N. Schulz, Rebecca Gould,

Ernie Perez, and Nick BrownKansas State University

National Science Foundation Research National Science Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)

Program: “Earth Wind and Fire: Sustainable Program: Earth, Wind, and Fire: Sustainable Energy for the 21st Century”

k 10 week summer program at Kansas State University

Raise awareness and assist with reduction of computing power in Kansas State University’s computer labs

Large number of computers on campus (roughly 4,500 computers in labs)

No formal energy conservation or management policies in place

Investigating options related to software or hardware energy managementgy g

Power Management Techniques Computer Efficiency Effective Cooling Eliminate Phantom Loads Upgrade to improve lifecycle

R li f t t Recycling programs for computer parts Machines made from few toxic materials Temperature and lighting Temperature and lighting

(Sources: Talebi and Way,( y,Franke, Jenkins and WilsonInamadar and Hasabe )

Lowers:

To power a computer for 1 hour, roughly 40-80g of CO2 is emitted

IT industry overall is responsible for and estimated 2% of global CO2 emissions

Power Management—reduce CO2 emissions in o e a age e t educe CO2 e ss o sIT by 50%

(Source: Sheeham and Smith)

60% of all desktop PCs in commercial buildings left fully powered on during nights and weekends (Source: Gunaratne, Christensen and Nordman)

5% of electricity bill wasted from inactive electronics (Source: Keltner)

Additional savings in cooling and ventilation system (Source: Nordman, Piette, Kinney, and Webber)

ADVANTACES

Reduces energy Reduces energy consumption

Reduces waste heatCHALLENGES

Equipment will last longer

$$

User Convenience Network computers

k d d Saves $$ • Backups and updates

Unplugged/power strip off• No phantom loads!

Off (plugged in)p gg• Phantom loads 1-3 W typically

Hibernate• Temporary suspend mode• Load is equivalent to phantom loads

H t b t t b d• Has to reboot to be used

(Source: Talebi and Way)

Standby• Temporary suspend mode• Uses about 1-2 watts more than Hibernate• Much quicker to return to active state• Much quicker to return to active state

On—Idle/Screen Saver• Save no energy• Screen Savers can actually use more energy than

idle computer On In Use On—In Use

• Energy consumption dependent on user activity

(Source: Talebi and Way)

E l d t ti l i i Explored potential energy savings in computer labs on campus• Power management techniquesPower management techniques

Quantified power consumption for variety of user activities• Dell GX520• Energy Star rated Dell OptiPlex380

Phantom Loads Computer Start Up Computer and Monitor

dbStandby Computer and Monitor Idling

W b B i Web Browsing Microsoft Office Software Live Video Stream Live Video Stream Media Players Specialty Software Specialty Software

Monitor Start UpLogin 

Computer Start Up

Phantom Loads

Power Consumption dependent on:• Computer Age• Computer Hardware Status• Software in use• Software in use

In all cases the Energy Star rated computers (Dell Optiplex 380) used less energy then the p p gyDell GX520• On average 52% less

Computer On/Idle [W] Computer Standby M d [W]Mode [W]

Dell Optiplex 360 48.80 1.32Dell Optiplex 380 35.73 1.33Dell Optiplex 380 35.73 1.33Dell Optiplex 745 50.51 1.67Dell Optiplex 760 80.82 2.63

Dell GX520 84.12 1.50

Energy Star rated OptiPlex 380 was foundEnergy Star rated OptiPlex 380 was found to use the least amount of power when compared to other computers on campuscompared to other computers on campus

Using Standby Mode for 9 Using Standby Mode for 9 hours a night on computers could save:

• Roughly 0.45 kwhsavings/day/computer

• $13.25/computer/year

• Approximately $60 000/ f K$60,000/year for Kansas State University’s Campus

Savings can be seen with power management

Ideal settings would gmaximize energy savings without inconveniencing seruser

Optimal setting could be f d h f hfound with further research

More research needs to be preformed on settings• Explore when computers are being used most

• Log user times and idle times including how long between logins and logouts

• User profile for computers, for different labs on campus and for different times of the school year

Power consumption is dependent on user activity (i.e. load on hardware)

Standby mode uses on average 97% less genergy than leaving computers idle

Power management has huge energy saving o e a age e t as uge e e gy sa gpotential

Future Research needs to be performed to Future Research needs to be performed to find optimal power saving settings for Kansas State University’s public computer labs

National Science Foundation (A d EEC 0851799)• (Award EEC-0851799)

Kansas State University• Ben Champione C a p o• Noel Schulz• Ernie Perez• Rebecca Gould• Rebecca Gould• Nicholas Brown• Bill Kuhn

C L• Casey Lauer ITAC department at KSU

[1] Energy Star Frequently Asked Questions. Web. 3 June 2010. <tp://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=power_mgt.pr_power_mgt_faq.>

[2] Faronics: Intelligent Solutions for ABSOLUTE Control. Faronics, 2010. Web. 9 June 2010. <http://faronics.com/en/ContentLibrary.aspx>.

[3] Franke, Thomas L., Nancye Jenkins, and David H. Wilson. "Getting Serious about Sustainable IT: Metrics, Tools and Solutions." EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research 2009.14 (2009).

[4] Gunaratne, Chamara, Ken Christensen, and Bruce Nordman. "Managing energy consumption costs in desktop PCs and LAN switches with proxying, split TCP connections, and scaling of link speed." International Journal of Network Management (2005). Web.

[5] Inamadar, H P., and R P. Hasabe. "IT Based Energy Management through Demand Site in the Industrial Sector." Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra. IEEE Xplore. Web. 8 Apr. 2010.

[6] Keltner, Susan. "Its Getting Hot: University of South Carolina Students' Electricity Use, Attitudes Toward Climate Change, and Subsequent Savings in Electricity and Averted Emissions that can Result the Promotion of Energy Efficient Behaviors and Infrastructure Improvements." Miami University Thesis. 2009.

[7] Newsham, Guy R., and Dale K. Tiller. "The Energy Consumption of Desktop Computers: Measurment and Savings Potential." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 30.4 (1994): 1065-72.

[8] Nordman, Bruce, Mary Ann Piette, Kris Kinney, and Carrie Webber. "User Guide to Power Management for PCs and Monitors." Environmental Energy Technologies Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1997). Web. 3 June 2010.

[9] North, Jeffrey. "The Total Economic Impact Of Faronics Power Save." Faronics: Intelligent Solutions for ABSOLUTE Control. Forrester Consulting, Jan. 2010. Web. 9 June 2010. <http://faronics.com/Faronics/Documents/Study_PowerSave_Forrester_TEI_EN.pdf>.

[10] Sheehan, Mark C., and Shannon D. Smith. Powering Down: Green IT in Higher Education. ECAR Research Study 2, 2010.

[11] Talebi, Mujtaba, and Thomas Way. "Methods, metrics and motivation for a green computer science program." Proceedings of the 40th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (): 362-66. ACM Digital Library. Web. 10 June 2010.

[12] Talebi, Mujtaba, and Thomas P. Way. "COMPUTER POWER CONSUMPTION BENCHMARKING FOR GREEN COMPUTING." Thesis (1998). Web. 10 June 2010. <http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~tway/publications/talebi thesis 2008 green computing.pdf>10 June 2010. <http://www.csc.villanova.edu/ tway/publications/talebi_thesis_2008_green_computing.pdf>