Research Article The Synergy between City Human Resources …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2014/892526.pdf · 2019-07-31 · Research Article The Synergy between City Human Resources

Research ArticleThe Synergy between City Human Resources and City EconomyDevelopment Based on the City Marketing The Case of Chengdu

Bo Pu1 and Yanjun Qiu2

1 School of Economics and Management Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China2Department of International Cooperation and Exchange and School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031 China

Correspondence should be addressed to Bo Pu ppuubohotmailcom

Received 21 July 2014 Accepted 1 August 2014 Published 18 August 2014

Academic Editor Guiwu Wei

Copyright copy 2014 B Pu and Y Qiu This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

City human resources and the city economic development have a synergistic effect to attract high-quality talent and to encouragethe sustainable development of the urban economy in the city marketing Based on synergetics we find out the evaluation indexesbetween the city human resources subsystem and urban economic development subsystem and constructed the evaluation systemand model and then used the yearbook data of Chengdu human resources and economic development from 2002 to 2012 andcarried on empirical research The results show that the level of coordinated development is weak between city human resourcesand city economic development at Chengdu but it keeps rising slowly The strong policy support shall be provided to Chengduhuman resources and economic development by Chengdu government

1 Introduction

The city is an important node and fulcrum of economicactivities political life and cultural development With theeconomic globalization talents have been attracted by the cityto expand its human resources and to promote the develop-ment of economy so talent is critical to economic and socialprogress of the city As a platform of the talent and economicdevelopment the city should implement city marketing inorder to meet the demands of city human resources andeconomic growth Therefore it has a crucial practical signif-icance for promoting the city economic growth and the citysustainability development to measure and test the synergydegree between city human resources and city economic de-velopment

China is facing the pressure of urbanization how toimprove city branding to attract high-quality talent and tostimulate and promote economic sustainable developmentare an essential problem now Chengdu is an important eco-nomic center in the West the status of city human resourcesand economic development directly impact on urbanization

level and will affect the process of Chengdursquos dream aboutldquoConstruction of World Modern Garden Cityrdquo Especiallyregarding the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 whether ithad impact on Chengdu human resources and economicdevelopment is just an interesting question Talent as amajorcompetition in the world has a huge promoting and pushingeffect on the economic development Under the backgroundof city marketing talent aggregation effect promotes thedevelopment of an urban economy effectively Evaluation ofcity human resources and economic development has impor-tant practical significance for making talent introductionpolicy of the city and opening the municipal fiscal placeAccordingly the research technique route was describedabout the synergy degree between city human resources andcity economic development as shown in Figure 1

2 Literature Review

21 Synergy and Synergetics As early as 1984 Haken hadclaimed that synergetics is a rather field of interdisciplinaryresearch and can be of assistance to the management subject

Hindawi Publishing CorporationMathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2014 Article ID 892526 9 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014892526

2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering

The subsystemof city human

resources

The subsystemof city

economicdevelopment

Quantity of cityhuman resources

Quality of cityhuman resources

Demand of cityhuman resources

Supply of cityhuman resources

Level of cityeconomic management

Level of cityprimary industry

Level of city

Level of citytertiary industry

Dataacquisition

Dataprocessing

Synergeticsystem of

city humanresourcesand city

economicdevelopment

Order degreeof city human

resources

Order degreeof city

economicdevelopment

Synergydegree

Analysis ofresult

Message feedbackand policy making

Citymarketing

secondary industry

Figure 1 The research technique route

[1] Later Knyazeva advocated that synergetics will go fora wide application field [2] Today integration concept andsynergetic theory are largely followed in modern manage-ment [3] such as a synergetic model for implementingan environmental management occupational health andsafety management systems [4] Some researchers paid greatattention to the synergy development among the industryscientific innovation energy resources and self-organizationFor example Rofiqul Islam et al Varga and Kuehr studiedthe synergy on the recovery and renewable resources [5 6]di Vita and Elıasson and Turnovsky focused on the synergydevelopment of renewable resources and the technical sub-stitution [7 8] To sum up these studies try to use synergeticsin management research but have yet to be further applied intechnology and economy business andmanagement studies

22 City Marketing City marketing began in the 1930sincluding three stages roughly such as ldquoFragmented Pro-motional Activitiesrdquo ldquoCity Marketing Mixrdquo and ldquoTowardsCity Brandingrdquo [9ndash11] and several academic schools cameinto being on the city marketing For instance in the schoolof political orientation Ashworth and Voogd claimed thatldquoessentially city marketing involves the establishment of aparticular relationship between producers and consumersthat is both close and permanent This in turn necessitatesthe study of both the spatial and organizational structuresof the city as a product as well as the characteristics marketbehavior and needs of the identified users as consumersrdquo [12]

In the school of economics economic development as theultimate goal of city marketing aimed at promoting urbangrowth in wealth [13 14] Specifically Kotler mainly focusedon two aspects between the economy (citizens compa-nies and communities) and society (tourists and investors)analyzed the city marketing customersmdashthe city humanresources such as local residents employees and investorsMeanwhile Brotchie et al scholars focused on city marketingto enhance city competitiveness and to promote the develop-ment of city economy [15] So the city marketing is the meansto achieve a city policy city managers break through thebottleneck of urban development through the use of variousmarketing strategies to enhance competitiveness [16 17]In addition Kavaratzis is interested in the theory of citybrand [18] Zenker et al researched the city marketing citizensatisfaction [19] and so on According to these studies somesubjects attract the attention of the scholars such as theconcept and scope of citymarketing the relationship betweencity marketing and economic development the relationshipbetween city marketing and human resources city brandingand the means and motive of city marketing

23 Human Resources and Economic Development Thereexists a strong connection between economic growth andhuman development [20 21] Importance of human resourcedevelopment can be undeniable irrespective of developedand underdeveloped economies [22] So the ultimate goal ofeconomic progress is the sustainable development of human

Mathematical Problems in Engineering 3

beings and talent can effectively promote the developmentof economy The relationship between human resource andeconomic development has been attracted by scholars fromthe perspective of macro What is the relationship of it to thecity Manca and Fleisher et al focus on the human capitaland economic growth on region [23 24] It is worth notingthat Fleisher studied a related question about China andsuggested that talent introduction should be undertaken forthe development of social economy about the city

Fromwhat has been reviewed above the existing researchfocuses on the relationship between human resource andeconomic development but has not been concerned withwhat the coordinated development of both does So thisstudy uses synergetics theory and analyses the synergy degreeof city human resources and city economic developmentto promote the orderly development of both under thebackground of city marketing

3 Model Construction

According to the research synergetics [25 26] the modelshould include the changing of the associated elementsbetween the subsystem of human resource and the subsystemof economic development the order degree of order parame-ter and the important influential factors between subsystems

31 Order Parameters Some indexes of the level of humanresources development have been selected on the orderparameters of the city human resources subsystem suchas quantity of city human resources quality of city humanresources the demand of city human resources and thesupply of city human resources Meanwhile Some indexes ofthe level of city economic development have been found outabout the order parameters of the city economic developmentsubsystem such as the management level of city economicsthe level of city primary industry the level of city secondaryindustry and the level of city tertiary industry Precisequantitative system is shown in Table 1

32 Subsystem Order Degree The composite system is anorganic whole of city human resources and city economicdevelopment within the jurisdiction area of a city In thissystem the subsystem of city human resources and thesubsystem of the city economy interacted with each otherTherefore the composite system on city human resources andeconomic development is expressed as 119904 = 119891(119909

1 1199092) where

1199091represents the subsystem of city human resources 119909

2is on

behalf of the subsystem of city economic development and 119891is a composite function

The order parameter of the subsystem of city humanresources and city economic development is 119909

119894119895= (119909

1198941198951

1199091198941198952 119909

119894119895119896) 119894 isin [1 119897] 119895 isin [1119898] 119897 ge 1119898 ge 1 it can describe

the running state of the second subsystem (119894119895) about cityhuman resources and economic development where 120572

119894119895119896is

upper limit and 120573119894119895119896

is lower limitThere are 120573119894119895119896le 119909119894119895119896le 120572119894119895119896

119896 isin [1 119899] and 119899 ge 2In addition the indicator has two kinds one is positive

index The order degree is better when the parameter values

are higher conversely it is the lower The other is negativeindex the order degree is better when the parameter valuesare lower Order degree of order parameter (119909

119894119895119896) can be

defined

119884119894119895(119909119894119895) =

119909119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [1 119905])

when order degreeincreases with 119909

119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 119909119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [119905 + 1 119899])

when order degreedecreases with 119909

119894119895119896

(1)

where 119910119894119895(119909119894119895) isin [0 1] its value is greater and its contribution

is higher in systematic order degreeOverall the contribution of order parameter (119910

119894) can be

shown by 119910119894119895(119909119894119895) For using different forms of data it is

necessary to use the linear weighted sum method for dataprocessingThe order degree model of subsystem is followed

119884119894(119909119894) =

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896119884119894119895(119909119894119895) 119908

119896ge 0

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896= 1 (2)

33 Index Weight At present common methods includesubjective values and objective method The former hasexpert scoring method and Delphi method the later includeentropy value method the standard deviation method andCRITIC method [27] This study selected CRITIC method toweigh the index

Firstly confirming the effect of indexes

119862119896= 120575119896

119899

sum

119896=1

(1 minus 119903119895119896) 119896 = 1 119899 (3)

Among them 119862119896represents the impact of the index (119896)

on the subsystem 120575119896is half on the standard deviation of

the index (119896) and 119903119895119896

represents the correlation coefficientbetween the index (119895) and the index (119896) The greater the 119862

119896

value the more important it is to the subsystemSecondly confirming the weight of index

119908119896=

119862119896

sum119899

119896=1119862119896

119896 = 1 119899 (4)

where 119908119896is the objective weight of the index (119896) then the

weight coefficient was gained

34 Synergy Degree Model Synergy degree model is suitablefor the quantitative description of the system developmentand is a function of the independent variable of the orderparameter So the function value is the system synergy degree(SD)

The subsystem order degree is 119884119895119894(119909119894) when the system is

at a given initial moment after a period of time or at the next


Table 1 The evaluation index of city human resources and city economic development

Total system subsystem Order parameters ofthe second system

The Order parameters index of thesecond system units

The system of cityhuman resource andcity economicdevelopment(119904)

Subsystem of cityhuman resource(1199091)

Quantity of humanresources (119909

11)

Size of urban population (119909111)

Ten thousandpeople

Size of urban labor (119909112)

Ten thousandpeople

The annual growth rate of urbanemployment (119909

113)

Quality of humanresources (119909

12)

Cultural quality of human resources(119909121) proportion of employment got

Junior high school

Rate of professional and technical labor(119909122) proportion of professional and

technical personnel

Rate of Innovative business labor (119909123)

proportion of private persons

Demand of humanresources (119909

13)

Consumer demand of human resources(119909131) annual discretionary income per

capita about urban residents householdyen (Yuan)

Investment demand of human resources(119909132) urban residentsrsquo deposit balance yen (Billion Yuan)

Growing demand of human resources(119909133) annual per capita wage yen (Yuan)

Supply of humanresources (119909

14)

Education size (119909141) The total number of

studentsTen thousand

peopleEducation investment (119909

142) education

from fiscal spending every year yen (Billion Yuan)

Learning resources (119909143) per capita

amount of books A book

Subsystem of cityeconomicdevelopment(1199092)

The level of cityeconomicmanagement (119909

21)

Output effect per km2 (119909211) GDP per

square kilometers

Billion YuanGDP per square

kilometers

Output effect per person (119909212) GDP per

ten thousand people

Billion YuanGDP per ten

thousand people

Water consumption of GDP (119909213) water

consumption per ten thousand YuanGDP

hundred milliontons of water perten thousandYuan of GDP

Power consumption of GDP (119909214) power


hundred millionkwh per ten

thousand Yuanof GDP

The level of cityprimary industry(11990922)

The annual growth rate of primaryindustrial production (119909

221)

The annual growth rate of primaryindustrial practitioners (119909

222)

The level of citysecondary industry(11990923)

The annual growth rate of secondaryindustrial production (119909

231)

The annual growth rate of secondaryindustrial practitioners (119909

232)

The level of citytertiaryIndustry (119909

24)

The annual growth rate of tertiaryindustrial production (119909

241)

The annual growth rate of tertiaryindustrial practitioners (119909

242)


Table 2 The city marketing events of Chengdu from 2002 to 2012

Year Events of city marketing Effect2002 TheWestern China Investment Forum Attracted the investment

2003 Chengdu Real Estate Industry ExpoThe 68th China Food and Drinks Fair Showed habitable environment

2004Chengdu Big Temple FairThe 70th China Food and Drinks FairThe 1st International Food and Tour Festival of China

Embodied the Chengdu culture

2005

Chengdu Image Ads ldquoChengdu enjoy your liferdquoSichuan International Friendship Cities Cooperationand Development WeekChengdu Real Estate Industry ExpoThe 72nd China Food and Drinks FairThe 2nd International Food and Tour Festival of China

Showed the new image

2006China First Rural Tourism FestivalThe 74th China Food and Drinks FairThe 3rd International Food and Tour Festival of China

Opened the international market ontourism

2007

The Reform Pilot Area of National Urban and RuralDevelopmentChengdu Gourmet FestivalThe Urban Forest Forum in ChinaThe 4th International Food and Tour Festival of China

Gained the policy supportwon the honor ldquothe best tourism city ofChinardquo

2008The Activity ldquoThanks Supports Enjoy New LiferdquoThe 78th China Food and Drinks FairThe 5th International Food and Tour Festival of China

Showed the new image of Dujiangyan

2009The ldquoGold Panda Cardrdquo for Visiting 11 ChengduAttractions FreelyThe 80th China Food and Drinks FairThe 6th International Food and Tour Festival of China

Recalled the visitorsrsquo confidence

2010 The 82nd China Food and Drinks FairThe 7th International Food and Tour Festival of China Gained the name ldquoWorld Food Cityrdquo

2011 The 84th China Food and Drinks FairThe 8th International Food and Tour Festival of China

Won the honor ldquothe most famous culturalcity in Chinardquo and ldquothe peoplersquos livelihoodmodel city in Chinardquo


Won the honor ldquothe best leisure city ofChinardquo and ldquothe fourth happiest cities inChinardquo

moment (119905119895+1) the subsystem order degree will be changed

119884119895+1

119894(119909119894)

SD = 119899radic1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

2

prod

119894=1

[119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) minus 119884119895

119894(119909119894)]

1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

(5)

where SD isin [0 1] it embodies the synergy developmentbetween subsystems When its value is close to 1 the level ofsynergy is very good between city human resources and cityeconomic development When its value is close to 0 the levelis very terrible It is noticed that the synergy degree is 0 when119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) or 119884119895119894(119909119894) have some questions

4 Empirical Study on Chengdu City

41 Sampling and Data Marketing campaigns are greatweapon for city marketing such as the cultural events [28]

sports events [29] theWorld EXPO [30 31] and conferences[32] Through careful planning these one-time and serialmarketing campaigns bristle with innovative themes capableof great effect Not only it is newsworthy but also it is anapplicable standard in the city marketing

In this respect Chengdu has gathered a wealth of experi-ence in its promotion (Table 2) Many marketing campaignshave gotten the attention of tourists and investors such asChina Food and Drinks Fair every year International Foodamp Tour Festival of China every year Fortune Global Forumin 2013 and Olympic Games in 2015 Details are shown inTable 1

In addition correlated data of human resources andeconomic development were collected about Chengdu cityIndex data came from Chengdu statistical yearbook (2002ndash2012) Sichuan statistics yearbook (2002ndash2012) and Chinesecity statistics yearbook (2002ndash2012) The specific data aregiven in Tables 3 and 4 respectively


Table 3 Raw data of human resources subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323

Table 4 Raw data of economic development subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474

42 Data Processing Firstly the original data of the indexwere standardized by the statistical software (SPSS21) Theresult was presented in Tables 5 and 6

Secondly confirming the weight According to the datafromTables 5 and 6 the standard deviation (120575) and coefficientof correlation (119903) of the subsystem were found out Then therelated data were used in formula (3) and formula (4) it wasnot difficult to get the weight coefficient (119908) of the secondsubsystemTheweight of the second subsystem of city humanresources is 119908

1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908

12= 0121 The weight of

the second subsystem of city economic development is 1199081=

0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102

Thirdly confirming the synergy degree Using the dataTables 5 and 6 the weight and formula (2) the order parame-ter was drawn up Specific data are shown in Tables 7 and 8about an order parameter

Finally using the order parameter and formula (5) thesynergy degree was calculated respectively Specific data areshown in Table 9

43 Data Analysis Order degree of Chengdu human resour-ces subsystem presented a rising trend since 2002 but therewas a sharp decline in 2006 2008 and 2010 Figure 2

0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Order parameter of city human resourcesOrder parameter of city economic developmentSynergy degree

Figure 2 Synergy degree of human resources and economicdevelopment of Chengdu

demonstrates that the human resources of Chengdu havebeen developing orderly direction Just it was slowly andhalfway down It is notable that the order degree of subsystemwas decreased in 2008 because of the earthquake Chengduwas mistaken as ldquounsaferdquo city With the policy support ofbrain gain and national disaster relief the order degree pre-sented a tendency of increasing in 2009

Order degree of Chengdu economic development sub-system showed a good upward trend since 2002 but there


Table 5 Standardized data of human resources subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 minus1172 minus1332 minus0974 minus1707 minus1366 minus1343 minus1143 minus1221 minus1282 minus1756 minus1093 minus06622003 minus0941 minus1219 minus0807 minus1371 minus1404 minus1238 minus1033 minus1073 minus1139 minus1414 minus1012 minus06462004 minus0762 minus1128 minus0986 minus0911 minus1109 minus1014 minus0910 minus0738 minus0957 minus0948 minus0950 minus06692005 minus0502 minus0652 1737 minus0624 minus0584 minus0507 minus0752 minus0602 minus0691 minus0550 minus0727 minus06262006 minus0253 minus0400 0040 0187 minus0225 minus0362 minus0519 minus0399 minus0410 0195 minus0616 minus06242007 minus0150 0163 1973 0106 0211 minus0046 minus0182 minus0203 minus0106 0329 minus0423 minus03702008 minus0002 0370 minus0394 0508 0403 minus0066 0161 minus0170 0366 0607 0244 minus04152009 2497 0670 0111 0984 0698 1146 0441 0296 0444 1047 0828 25352010 0279 0948 minus0069 0776 0954 1113 0797 0861 0822 0687 1162 01782011 0444 1141 minus0585 0961 1159 1146 1304 1390 1230 0833 1710 02612012 0561 1439 minus0045 1090 1262 1172 1837 1860 1722 0970 0876 1039

Table 6 Standardized data of economic development subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 minus1051 minus1023 1377 minus0163 minus1316 1362 minus1029 minus1619 minus1049 minus11762003 minus0955 minus0928 1373 0632 minus1133 1413 minus0922 minus1253 minus0963 minus14412004 minus0809 minus0774 0833 0022 minus0926 1106 minus0854 minus0960 minus0838 minus11382005 minus0723 minus0701 0849 0345 minus0725 0582 minus0763 minus0007 minus0669 minus08552006 minus0547 minus0530 0200 0120 minus0545 0223 minus0545 minus0043 minus0521 minus03072007 minus0280 minus0249 minus0111 minus0787 0022 minus0212 minus0233 minus0080 minus0301 03542008 minus0013 0022 minus0364 1439 0509 minus0404 0101 minus0117 minus0092 06562009 0267 minus0039 minus0647 1190 0475 minus0698 0299 0397 0290 08262010 0753 0794 minus0936 0272 0718 minus0954 0811 0873 0794 09582011 1403 1442 minus1216 minus1008 1318 minus1158 0950 1386 1426 09962012 1955 1987 minus1358 minus2061 1602 minus1261 2184 1423 1924 1128

Table 7 Order parameter of human resources subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065

was downgrading in 2003 and 2008 The order degree wasaffected by the SARS in 2003 and the earthquake in 2008Some city image Ads were created under the city marketingsuch as ldquoChengdu enjoy your liferdquo in 2004 and ldquoI love mycityrdquo in 2008 The advertising video especially showed thesafety of city after an earthquake and helped recovery abilityof economic development After the Wenchuan earthquakethe economic development was not only attributed to the citymarketing strategy but also attributed to the financial supportof the national strategy of Chengdu Such as the reform pilot

area of national urban and rural development the policy onthe development of the western region of China and thepostdisaster rebuilding work

Synergy degree of human resources and economic de-velopment of Chengdu is not stable to some extent that isobviously low The synergy degree presented a slowly risefrom 2002 to 2007 but its absolute value is very slight andhas great potential to increase The synergy degree showed agradual decline slightly from2008 to 2011Here the economicdevelopment of Chengdu was rapid the talent also has


Table 8 Order parameter of economic development subsystem of Chengdu

Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102

Table 9 Synergy degree about city human resources and cityeconomic development

Year Order parameter ofhuman resources

Order parameter ofeconomic

development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142

been progressing but there were no consistent developmentwhich is affected by the earthquake and aftershocks In 2012the order degree of both Chengdu human resources andChengdu economic progress demonstrated a good upwardtrend Overall human resources and economic developmentof Chengdu are not completely synchronous but it is atthe low-level stage so it is necessary to strengthen the citymarketing strategy for promoting the development of the city

5 Conclusions and Implications

Using the idea and method of synergetics the model ofsynergy degree about city human resources and city eco-nomic development was established and the advance stateof them was evaluated These are a basement of urban-rural integration progress with the human resources policyand economic development strategy At the same time thisstudy has its limitations for example the data are only fromyearbook the research is not coveredwith the social progressand the index has yet to be further perfect

In order to promote synergy and sustainable developmentof human resources and economic development of Chengdu

some work should be carried out by the government Firstlydeepen the talent introduction policy attract a large numberof excellent talents format talent accumulation effect andsafeguard the rights and interests of the people living stan-dards for promoting the sustainable development of humanresources Secondly open the investment policy attract theworld high-tech enterprise make the industry chain andindustrial cluster and create a sound ecological environmentfor investment Finally strengthen the synergy developmentof human resources and economy and promote the commondevelopment of both

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

Authorsrsquo Contribution

Bo Pu conceived and designed the study collected andanalyzed the data and wrote the paper Yanjun Qiu jointlydesigned the study assisted in analysis and cowrote thepaper BoPu andYanjunQiu contributed equally to thiswork

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Yude He for assistance with researchmethodology and Junhua Xu for English assistance They aregrateful to Southwest Jiaotong University in China for hisvaluable inputs This research was possible due to financialsupport from the Ministry of Education of Humanities andSocial Science Project of China (no 13YJA880058) and theNational Education System Reform Pilot Project of China(no 08-254-387)

References

[1] H Haken ldquoCan synergetics be of use to management theoryrdquoin Self-Organization and Management of Social Systems pp 33ndash41 Springer 1984

[2] H Knyazeva ldquoSynergetics and the images of futurerdquo Futuresvol 31 no 3-4 pp 281ndash290 1999


[3] M Bobrek andM Sokovic ldquoIntegration concept and synergeticeffect in modern managementrdquo Journal of Materials ProcessingTechnology vol 175 no 1ndash3 pp 33ndash39 2006

[4] S X Zeng J J Shi and G X Lou ldquoA synergetic model forimplementing an integrated management system an empiricalstudy in Chinardquo Journal of Cleaner Production vol 15 no 18pp 1760ndash1767 2007

[5] M Rofiqul Islam M Rabiul Islam and M Rafiqul AlamBeg ldquoRenewable energy resources and technologies practice inBangladeshrdquoRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol 12no 2 pp 299ndash343 2008

[6] M Varga and R Kuehr ldquoIntegrative approaches towards ZeroEmissions regional planning synergies of conceptsrdquo Journal ofCleaner Production vol 15 no 13-14 pp 1373ndash1381 2007

[7] G di Vita ldquoNatural resources dynamics exhaustible and renew-able resources and the rate of technical substitutionrdquo ResourcesPolicy vol 31 no 3 pp 172ndash182 2006

[8] L Elıasson and S J Turnovsky ldquoRenewable resources in anendogenously growing economy balanced growth and tran-sitional dynamicsrdquo Journal of Environmental Economics andManagement vol 48 no 3 pp 1018ndash1049 2004

[9] S Ward Selling Places the Marketing and Promotion of Townsand Cities 1850ndash2000 Routledge 2005

[10] A Deffner and C Liouris ldquoCity marketing a significantplanning tool for urban development in a globalised economyrdquoin Proceedings of the 45th Congress of the European RegionalScience Association pp 486ndash496 Vrije Universty AmsterdamThe Netherlands 2005

[11] M Kavaratzis ldquoFrom city marketing to city branding towardsa theoretical framework for developing city brandsrdquo PlaceBranding vol 1 no 1 pp 58ndash73 2004

[12] G J Ashworth and H Voogd ldquoMarketing the city conceptsprocesses and Dutch applicationsrdquo Town Planning Review vol59 no 1 pp 65ndash79 1988

[13] P Kotler M A Hamlin I Rein and D H Haider MarketingAsian Places Attracting Investment Industry and Tourism toCities States and Nations John Wiley amp Sons New York NYUSA 2002

[14] R Paddison ldquoCity marketing image reconstruction and urbanregenerationrdquo Urban Studies vol 30 no 2 pp 339ndash350 1993

[15] J Brotchie M Batty E Blakely P Hall and P Newton Citiesin Competition Productive and Sustainable Cities for the 21stCentury Longman Melbourne Australia 1995

[16] L D Van Berg and E Braun ldquoUrban competitiveness market-ing and the need for organising capacityrdquoUrban Studies vol 36no 5-6 pp 987ndash999 1999

[17] T Metaxas PlaceCity Marketing as a Tool for Local EconomicDevelopment and Cityrsquos Competitiveness A Comparative Evalu-ation of PlaceMarketing Policies in European Cities Departmentof Planning and Regional development University of ThessalyVolos Greece 2002

[18] M Kavaratzis ldquoCity marketing the past the present and someunresolved issuesrdquo Geography Compass vol 1 no 3 pp 695ndash712 2007

[19] S Zenker S Petersen and A Aholt ldquoThe Citizen SatisfactionIndex (CSI) evidence for a four basic factor model in a Germansamplerdquo Cities vol 31 pp 156ndash164 2013

[20] G Ranis F Stewart and A Ramirez ldquoEconomic growth andhuman developmentrdquo World Development vol 28 no 2 pp197ndash219 2000

[21] T SuriM A Boozer G Ranis and F Stewart ldquoPaths to successthe relationship between human development and economicgrowthrdquoWorld Development vol 39 no 4 pp 506ndash522 2011

[22] M Shahbaz N Aamir and S Alam ldquoIs there any causalitybetween human resource development and economic growthA provincial case study on Pakistanrdquo International Journal ofEducation Economics and Development vol 1 no 2 pp 179ndash200 2009

[23] F Manca ldquoHuman capital composition and economic growthat the regional levelrdquo Regional Studies vol 46 no 10 pp 1367ndash1388 2012

[24] B Fleisher H Li and M Q Zhao ldquoHuman capital economicgrowth and regional inequality in Chinardquo Journal of Develop-ment Economics vol 92 no 2 pp 215ndash231 2010

[25] Q Yang F Yan and F Ye ldquoAn analysis of synergy degree ofprimary-tertiary industry system in dujiangyan cityrdquo Interna-tional Journal of Business amp Management vol 6 no 8 p 2912011

[26] L Xu and M Cheng ldquoA study on Chinese regional scientificinnovation efficiency with a perspective of synergy degreerdquoTechnology amp Investment vol 4 no 4 2013

[27] S Bhasin R Kamalapurkar M Johnson K G VamvoudakisF L Lewis and W E Dixon ldquoA novel actor-critic-identifierarchitecture for approximate optimal control of uncertainnonlinear systemsrdquo Automatica vol 49 no 1 pp 82ndash92 2013

[28] G Richards and J Wilson ldquoThe impact of cultural events oncity image rotterdam cultural capital of Europe 2001rdquo UrbanStudies vol 41 no 10 pp 1931ndash1951 2004

[29] A-MHede ldquoSports-events tourism and destinationmarketingstrategies anAustralian case study ofAthens 2004 and itsmediatelecastrdquo Journal of Sport Tourism vol 10 no 03 pp 187ndash2002004

[30] R Lecardane and J Zhuo ldquoGreat event a new strategic instru-ment for urban development on the impact of world EXPO oncity and societyrdquo Time + Architecture vol 4 2003

[31] L Lamberti GNoci J Guo and S Zhu ldquoMega-events as driversof community participation in developing countries the case ofShanghai World Expordquo TourismManagement vol 32 no 6 pp1474ndash1483 2011

[32] R Davidson and T RogersMarketing Destinations and Venuesfor Conferences Conventions and Business Events RoutledgeNew York NY USA 2012

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

MathematicsJournal of


Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Differential EquationsInternational Journal of

Volume 2014

Applied MathematicsJournal of


Probability and StatisticsHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Journal of


Mathematical PhysicsAdvances in

Complex AnalysisJournal of


OptimizationJournal of


CombinatoricsHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

International Journal of


Operations ResearchAdvances in

Journal of


Function Spaces

Abstract and Applied AnalysisHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences


The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


Algebra

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society



Decision SciencesAdvances in

Discrete MathematicsJournal of


Volume 2014 Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Stochastic AnalysisInternational Journal of


The subsystemof city human

resources

The subsystemof city

economicdevelopment

Quantity of cityhuman resources

Quality of cityhuman resources

Demand of cityhuman resources

Supply of cityhuman resources

Level of cityeconomic management

Level of cityprimary industry

Level of city

Level of citytertiary industry

Dataacquisition

Dataprocessing

Synergeticsystem of

city humanresourcesand city

economicdevelopment

Order degreeof city human

resources

Order degreeof city

economicdevelopment

Synergydegree

Analysis ofresult

Message feedbackand policy making

Citymarketing

secondary industry

Figure 1 The research technique route

[1] Later Knyazeva advocated that synergetics will go fora wide application field [2] Today integration concept andsynergetic theory are largely followed in modern manage-ment [3] such as a synergetic model for implementingan environmental management occupational health andsafety management systems [4] Some researchers paid greatattention to the synergy development among the industryscientific innovation energy resources and self-organizationFor example Rofiqul Islam et al Varga and Kuehr studiedthe synergy on the recovery and renewable resources [5 6]di Vita and Elıasson and Turnovsky focused on the synergydevelopment of renewable resources and the technical sub-stitution [7 8] To sum up these studies try to use synergeticsin management research but have yet to be further applied intechnology and economy business andmanagement studies

22 City Marketing City marketing began in the 1930sincluding three stages roughly such as ldquoFragmented Pro-motional Activitiesrdquo ldquoCity Marketing Mixrdquo and ldquoTowardsCity Brandingrdquo [9ndash11] and several academic schools cameinto being on the city marketing For instance in the schoolof political orientation Ashworth and Voogd claimed thatldquoessentially city marketing involves the establishment of aparticular relationship between producers and consumersthat is both close and permanent This in turn necessitatesthe study of both the spatial and organizational structuresof the city as a product as well as the characteristics marketbehavior and needs of the identified users as consumersrdquo [12]

In the school of economics economic development as theultimate goal of city marketing aimed at promoting urbangrowth in wealth [13 14] Specifically Kotler mainly focusedon two aspects between the economy (citizens compa-nies and communities) and society (tourists and investors)analyzed the city marketing customersmdashthe city humanresources such as local residents employees and investorsMeanwhile Brotchie et al scholars focused on city marketingto enhance city competitiveness and to promote the develop-ment of city economy [15] So the city marketing is the meansto achieve a city policy city managers break through thebottleneck of urban development through the use of variousmarketing strategies to enhance competitiveness [16 17]In addition Kavaratzis is interested in the theory of citybrand [18] Zenker et al researched the city marketing citizensatisfaction [19] and so on According to these studies somesubjects attract the attention of the scholars such as theconcept and scope of citymarketing the relationship betweencity marketing and economic development the relationshipbetween city marketing and human resources city brandingand the means and motive of city marketing

23 Human Resources and Economic Development Thereexists a strong connection between economic growth andhuman development [20 21] Importance of human resourcedevelopment can be undeniable irrespective of developedand underdeveloped economies [22] So the ultimate goal ofeconomic progress is the sustainable development of human








1 1199092) where


2is on



119894119895= (119909

1198941198951

1199091198941198952 119909



119894119895119896is

upper limit and 120573119894119895119896





119894119895119896) can be

defined

119884119894119895(119909119894119895) =

119909119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [1 119905])


119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 119909119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [119905 + 1 119899])


119894119895119896

(1)



119894) can be



119884119894(119909119894) =

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896119884119894119895(119909119894119895) 119908

119896ge 0

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896= 1 (2)



119862119896= 120575119896

119899

sum

119896=1

(1 minus 119903119895119896) 119896 = 1 119899 (3)



the index (119896) and 119903119895119896


119896


119908119896=

119862119896

sum119899

119896=1119862119896

119896 = 1 119899 (4)













11)


Ten thousandpeople


Ten thousandpeople


113)


12)


Junior high school


technical personnel




13)






14)




142) education






21)


square kilometers


kilometers


ten thousand people


thousand people







thousand Yuanof GDP



221)


222)



231)


232)


24)


241)


242)







2005





2007













119884119895+1

119894(119909119894)

SD = 119899radic1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

2

prod

119894=1

[119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) minus 119884119895

119894(119909119894)]

1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

(5)










Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323


Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474



1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908



0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102




0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012







Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra
















1 1199092) where


2is on



119894119895= (119909

1198941198951

1199091198941198952 119909



119894119895119896is

upper limit and 120573119894119895119896





119894119895119896) can be

defined

119884119894119895(119909119894119895) =

119909119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [1 119905])


119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 119909119894119895119896

120572119894119895119896minus 120573119894119895119896

(119894 isin [1 2] 119895 isin [1 4] 119896 isin [119905 + 1 119899])


119894119895119896

(1)



119894) can be



119884119894(119909119894) =

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896119884119894119895(119909119894119895) 119908

119896ge 0

119899

sum

119896=1

119908119896= 1 (2)



119862119896= 120575119896

119899

sum

119896=1

(1 minus 119903119895119896) 119896 = 1 119899 (3)



the index (119896) and 119903119895119896


119896


119908119896=

119862119896

sum119899

119896=1119862119896

119896 = 1 119899 (4)













11)


Ten thousandpeople


Ten thousandpeople


113)


12)


Junior high school


technical personnel




13)






14)




142) education






21)


square kilometers


kilometers


ten thousand people


thousand people







thousand Yuanof GDP



221)


222)



231)


232)


24)


241)


242)







2005





2007













119884119895+1

119894(119909119894)

SD = 119899radic1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

2

prod

119894=1

[119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) minus 119884119895

119894(119909119894)]

1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

(5)










Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323


Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474



1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908



0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102




0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012







Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra
















11)


Ten thousandpeople


Ten thousandpeople


113)


12)


Junior high school


technical personnel




13)






14)




142) education






21)


square kilometers


kilometers


ten thousand people


thousand people







thousand Yuanof GDP



221)


222)



231)


232)


24)


241)


242)







2005





2007













119884119895+1

119894(119909119894)

SD = 119899radic1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

2

prod

119894=1

[119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) minus 119884119895

119894(119909119894)]

1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

(5)










Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323


Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474



1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908



0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102




0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012







Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra















2005





2007













119884119895+1

119894(119909119894)

SD = 119899radic1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

2

prod

119894=1

[119884119895+1

119894(119909119894) minus 119884119895

119894(119909119894)]

1003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816100381610038161003816

(5)










Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323


Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474



1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908



0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102




0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012







Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra











Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 1024480 562260 0013 0158 0616 0074 8972000 6665800000 12493420 153020 54627000 07382003 1044310 571740 0017 0189 0613 0090 9641000 9203959000 13712000 161700 81356000 07432004 1059700 579300 0013 0232 0636 0124 10394000 14944197000 15274500 173500 101661000 07352005 1082030 619040 0069 0258 0677 0201 11359000 17264382000 17556000 183600 175200000 07502006 1103400 640140 0034 0333 0705 0223 12789000 20740894000 19962000 202500 211555000 07512007 1112280 687130 0073 0325 0739 0271 14849000 24114509000 22562000 205900 275138000 08382008 1124960 704490 0025 0362 0754 0268 16943000 24663985000 26606680 212960 494837000 08232009 1339630 729520 0036 0406 0777 0452 18659000 32647872000 27272000 224110 687000000 18382010 1149070 752780 0032 0387 0797 0447 20835000 42337109000 30515000 214970 796866000 10272011 1163280 768870 0021 0404 0813 0452 23932000 51394256000 34008000 218670 977300000 10552012 1173350 793750 0032 0416 0821 0456 27194000 59447689000 38221000 222150 702849000 1323


Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0134 1623 25616 0059 140200 0384 758100 0264 764900 03522003 0151 1791 25590 0063 153200 0388 859100 0274 858500 03382004 0176 2063 22378 0060 168000 0364 922000 0282 995700 03542005 0191 2191 22471 0062 182300 0323 1007700 0308 1181000 03692006 0222 2493 18608 0061 195100 0295 1211600 0307 1343700 03982007 0268 2989 16760 0057 235500 0261 1504000 0306 1584900 04332008 0315 3468 15253 0067 270150 0246 1816660 0305 1814170 04492009 0363 3361 13570 0066 267770 0223 2001800 0319 2233040 04582010 0448 4831 11853 0061 285090 0203 2480900 0332 2785340 04652011 0561 5975 10186 0056 327820 0187 2610800 0346 3479420 04672012 0657 6936 9338 0051 348000 0179 3765620 0347 4025220 0474



1= 0099 119908

2= 0051 119908

3= 0269 119908

4= 0055

1199085= 0051 119908

6= 0049 119908

7= 0064 119908

8= 0069 119908

9=

0059 11990810= 0059 119908

11= 0055 119908



0059 1199082= 0063 119908

3= 0072 119908

4= 0349 119908

5= 0064

1199086= 0080119908

7= 0067119908

8= 0084119908

9= 0060119908

10= 0102




0000

0200

0400

0600

0800

1000

1200

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012







Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra











Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143



Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242



Year 119909111

119909112

119909113

119909121

119909122

119909123

119909131

119909132

119909133

119909141

119909142

119909143

2002 0000 0000 0001 0000 0001 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00002003 0006 0002 0016 0007 0000 0002 0002 0003 0003 0007 0002 00012004 0011 0004 0000 0016 0006 0006 0005 0011 0006 0017 0003 00002005 0018 0013 0248 0021 0016 0016 0008 0014 0012 0025 0007 00022006 0025 0017 0093 0037 0022 0019 0013 0018 0017 0041 0009 00022007 0028 0028 0269 0036 0031 0025 0021 0023 0023 0044 0013 00112008 0032 0031 0054 0043 0034 0025 0028 0023 0032 0049 0026 00102009 0099 0037 0100 0053 0040 0049 0034 0034 0034 0059 0038 01212010 0039 0042 0084 0049 0045 0048 0041 0047 0041 0051 0044 00322011 0044 0046 0036 0052 0049 0049 0052 0058 0049 0054 0055 00352012 0047 0051 0086 0055 0051 0049 0064 0069 0059 0057 0038 0065






Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra











Year 119909211

119909212

119909213

119909214

119909221

119909222

119909231

119909232

119909241

119909242

2002 0000 0000 0000 0160 0000 0002 0000 0000 0000 00102003 0002 0002 0000 0081 0004 0000 0002 0010 0002 00002004 0005 0005 0014 0141 0009 0009 0004 0018 0004 00122005 0006 0007 0014 0109 0013 0025 0006 0044 0008 00232006 0010 0010 0031 0132 0017 0036 0010 0043 0011 00452007 0015 0016 0039 0222 0029 0049 0017 0042 0015 00712008 0021 0022 0046 0000 0040 0054 0024 0041 0019 00832009 0026 0021 0053 0025 0039 0063 0028 0055 0027 00902010 0036 0038 0061 0116 0044 0071 0039 0069 0037 00952011 0048 0052 0069 0244 0057 0077 0041 0083 0050 00962012 0059 0063 0072 0349 0064 0080 0067 0084 0060 0102




development

Synergydegree

2002 0002 01722003 0051 0103 00582004 0084 0222 00632005 0399 0255 01032006 0315 0344 00872007 0550 0516 02012008 0388 0350 01642009 0696 0427 01542010 0562 0605 01542011 0579 0818 00592012 0689 1000 0142










Acknowledgments


References









































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra















































Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra
















Volume 2014




Journal of











Journal of


Function Spaces






Algebra









Documents

Research Article The Synergy between City Human Resources …downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2014/892526.pdf · 2019-07-31 · Research Article The Synergy between City Human Resources