ResearchandEduca-onalIni-a-ves

MaxDonathDirector

RoadwaySafetyIns-tute

UTCSafetySummitMarch31,2016

HumanCenteredSolu/onstoAdvanceRoadwaySafetyResearchOverview

•  RailCrossingSafety•  DriverAssistSystems(teenageandolderdrivers,snowplow

operators)•  TribalLands•  VulnerableUsers(pedestrians,bicyclists,thevisuallyimpaired)•  IntersecDonSafety•  SafetyPolicies;BeHerdata•  ImpairedDrivers(DWIandobstrucDvesleepapnea)•  ConnectedVehicles(V2VandV2X)•  Workzones:Workersafety/driverdistracDon•  SafetyfordesignandoperaDons•  Countermeasuresforwrongwaydrivingandrun-off-roadcrashes•  SeehHp://www.roadwaysafety.umn.edu/research/index.html

ReliablePlanningandCoordina/onofEmergencyResponsestoRailroadIncidents

YanfengOuyang,DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineeringUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign

•  Railroadincidents(thoseinvolvinghazardousmaterial)posesignificantthreats–  Safety,publichealthandtheenvironment–  HugeissueinMidwesternstatessuchasIllinois,Wisconsin,andMinnesota

•  Challengesforemergencyresponsesystems–  EmergencyresponsevulnerabletoincidentsandinduceddisrupDons–must

bereliable,smart,andinformed–  CatastrophicimpactonmulDpleenDDesand/orjurisdicDons–mustbe

coordinated

AlbertConte/TheJournalNews/lohud.com www.davisvanguard.org www.fortlauderdale.gov

•  Developingtools&guidelinesforstrategicallyposiDoning,allocaDng,andoperaDngemergencyresourcesinanDcipaDonofrailincidents–  CapturingprobabilityandcorrelaDonofincidentsalong

spaDallydistributedrailroadnetworks[Xieetal.,2015]–  Emphasizingvulnerabilityoftheemergencyresponsesystem

itself,suchastheriskofdisrupDonstothetransportaDonnetworkforfirst-responders(e.g.,blockageofrailroadcrossings)[Xieetal.,2016]

–  OpDmizingcoordinaDonofemergencyrespondersfrommulDplejurisdicDons(e.g.,thosefromdifferentstatesandprivatesector)[Anetal.,2016]

•  Casestudieswithreal-worldcontextanddata–  OutreachtoIllinoisandMinnesotagovernmentagencies

•  PackagingmodelandalgorithmintopracDcaldecision-supporttoolsforpolicymakers,andfieldimplementaDon

Year1(completed)

Year2(ongoing)

Year3

JournalArDcles:(1)Xie,S.,Li,X.andOuyang,Y.(2015)Transporta)onResearchPartB,80:64-81;(2)Xie,S.,An,K.andOuyang,Y.(2016)Transporta)onResearchPartB.Underrevision.(3)An,K.,Xie,S.andOuyang,Y.(2016)WorkingPaper,UniversityofIllinois.

AssessingSevereInjuryRisksinReserva/onAreasKathyQuickandGuillermoNarváez,UniversityofMinnesota

OngoingcollaboraDonorconsultaDonwithtribes

Gathercommunitystakeholders’

insightsoncrashrisks

CharacterizepaHerns(risks,informaDongaps,successstories,priority

needs)

Translatefindingsintostrategiesforresources,

management,andpolicy

OngoingcollaboraDonwithAmerican

Indiancommunityleaders

Motorvehiclecrashes-LeadingcauseofunintenDonalinjuryfornaDveAmericans/AlaskannaDvesages1to44

AdultmotorvehiclerelateddeathratesfornaDveAmericansis:2xthatofwhitesandalmost2xthatofblacks

MethodologicalinnovaDons•  CollaboraDngwith4tribalgovernmentsonextensivecasestudies•  CreatedmethodsforeliciDngnewkindsofdataandfindings

! DevelopedandtestedtoolsforgatheringnewkindsofdataaboutroadwaysafetyrisksinreservaDons

! RemediessomecommonlyfounddataqualitylimitaDonsforreservaDons

! UndertakingintensiveefforttosharethesemethodsandtoolswithtribalgovernmentsfortheirusethroughmeeDngsorganizedbytribalgovernmentsandIndianaffairsorganizaDons,TRB,Lifesavers,etc.

•  Engagedinextensiveon-sitework:–  77researcherdayson-siteonreservaDons–  101in-depthinterviewswithkeyinformants–  Tablinganddatagatheringfrom199reservaDonresidentsat9communityevents

Findingstodate

•  ThesafetyofpedestriansinroadwaysisatopicofveryelevatedconcernonreservaDons,disDnguishingthemfromruralroadwaysafetyissuesmoregenerally.

•  Accordingtoresidentsandlawenforcement,driverandbehaviorissues(texDng,speeding,impairment)onreservaDonsapplytonon-residentsasmuchasastoreservaDonresidents.

•  CoordinaDonproblemsamongjurisdicDonsmaybeimpedingenforcement,roadengineeringandmaintenance,andrecord-keepingtoidenDfyandaddresskeysafetyconcerns.

•  Mixedfeedbackonsafetyrestraintsystemuse.InsomereservaDons,educaDoneffortsimproveuseandinothersitdoesnot,suggesDnganeedforaddiDonalresearchoneffecDveeducaDonmethods.

ImminentCollisionWarningSystemforBicyclesW.JeonandR.Rajamani,UniversityofMinnesota

Schema-csofsensorsandelectronicsoninstrumentedbicycle

BicycleCrashStaDsDcs:"  Over48,000bicyclist-motoristcrashesand677bicyclistfataliDesin

theU.S.(2011)"  Detailed10-yearstudyofcrashesinthecityofMinneapolis:

#  41%ofbicyclist-motoristcrasheshappenatintersecDons,another40%occurwithin50feetofintersecDons

# MotoristfailstoseebicyclistinalargefracDonofaccidents#  Themostcommonpre-crashmaneuversforbicyclistsare

$ BicyclistridingACROSSroadway(46%)

$ BicyclistridinginthedirecDonoftraffic(29.8%)

Needforablackboxrecorderonbicycles:"  Mostoqen,nodataisavailableforpolicetoanalyzeamotorist-

bicyclecrash"  Inadequateevidencetoprosecutethemotorist

(“IsitOKtoKillCyclists?”NYTimes,Nov10,2013)

ObjecDves:"  DevelopmentofasensorsystemandanassociatedimminentcollisionpredicDon

systemforabicycle"  Sensorsonbicyclewilladdressthefollowingthreetypesofcrashes

6.8

77.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

88.2

8.4

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.200.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-1-0.5

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

-2

-1.5-1

-0.500.51

1.52

6.8

77.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

88.2

8.4

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.200.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-2-1.5-1

-0.500.51

1.52

6.8

77.2

7.4

7.6

7.8

88.2

8.4

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.200.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

-1-0.5

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

-2

-1.5-1

-0.500.51

1.52

-1-0.5

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

-2

-1.5-1

-0.500.51

1.52

RearCollision SideCollisionwithaRightTurning

Vehicle

SideCollisionWhileBicycleisRidingACROSS

Challenges/InnovaDons

"  Collision warning/ avoidance systems on cars are frontal collision prevention systems # A bicycle, however, needs rear and side collision

prevention systems # Much more complex collision scenarios

"  Cost, size and weight of electronics have significant constraints on a bicycle #  Total allowed cost on a bicycle < $500 #  To use inexpensive sensors, need novel estimation

and tracking algorithms

RearCollisonPrevenDonVideo–TrackingRearApproachingVehicle"  VideoshowsmoDoncontroloftherearlasersensor"  Rearvehicleturnstowardsbicycleandreceivesaudiblewarning

ComputerizedCrashReportsUsabilityandDesignInves/ga/on

•  Minnesota’selectroniccrashreportwasoutdatedandtoorigidforeasyandaccuratedataentry–  IniDaDve:RebuildtheenDrecrashrecordsdatabase–  Opportunitytocompletelyrebuildthecrashreportinterfacewiththe

userinmind

•  Goal:Designandcreateacrashreportinterfacethatimprovesaccuracy,speed,reliability,andmeaningfulnessofcrashreportdata–  UDlizeHumanFactorsanalysesandprinciples–  CapitalizeontheexperienceandexperDseoflawenforcement

NicholeMorris,HumanFIRSTLab,UniversityofMinnesota

Phase1:HumanFactorsAnalysis

•  AssessexisDngcrashreportusingHFprinciplestoaddresshumanandsystemperformanceissues

–  HierarchicalTaskAnalysis•  175stepsforreporDngonasingleunitcrash•  Breakdownof151:24representeddivisionofresponsibiliDes

betweentheuser&system

–  CogniDveWalkthroughAnalysesandInterviews•  12officersfrom7agencies

–  CardSorDngTaskandSurvey•  167officersfrom68agencies

•  MainFindings:–  Userspreferredaone-to-manystructure–  MulDplereliabilityissues–  Manycomponentsunclearregardingrules

Phase2:Design&UsabilityTesDng•  Aim:Build2mockinterfacesbasedonfindingsofPhase1

–  Wizard:Step-by-stepqueries;predeterminedorder–  Form:Clearlydividedinterface;lessrestricDveworkflow–  EmbeddecisionaidsandintelligentrevealfuncDonsintoboth

•  Conducted4majorroundsofusabilitytesDng–  59lawenforcementofficersfrom32agencies–  Assessederrorrate,usabilityandacceptance,andmentaldemand

•  Results:Preferenceaveragedtoa50/50split–  Bothinterfaceswererecommendedforuse–  Nosignificantdifferencesinusability,mentaleffortorduraDon

betweeninterfaces•  FormslightlybeHerundercomplexscenarios

•  ShiKofResponsibili/esbetweenuserandsystem–  Nearly1:1raDo!

Form Wizard Total#Screens 20 97 Avg.Fields/Screen 16.95 3.25 RequiredUserEntry 165 151 PossibleSystemEntry 174 164 TotalEntryFields 339 315

FinalResultsandImplementaDon•  Researchersworkedwiththestatevendor,Appriss,toputboth

interfacesintopracDce–  AssistedwithQualitycontrol,BetaTesDng,UserAcceptanceTesDng

–  ConDnuedusabilitytesDngtoguidefinalmodificaDons•  Wherearewenow?

–  ThesystemwentliveJan1st,2016–  ~40,000crasheshavebeenloggedinthenewreports(byearlyMarch,2016)

–  LimitedneedfortrainingandposiDvefeedback!•  What’snext?

– Measureaccuracyandcompletenessofnewcrashdata– Monitoruse,reliability,andaccuracyofcrashreporDngacrossthedifferentinterfaces

ExploringRela/onshipsbetweenMedicalCondi/onsandSafetyPerformanceinCommercialDrivers

StephenBurksandJonAndersonUniversityofMinnesota,Morris

Incollabora-onwithHarvardMedicalSchool,VirginiaTechTransporta-onIns-tute,andundergraduateresearchstudentsattheUniversityofMinnesotaMorris

•  Focus:ObstrucDveSleepApnea(OSA)incommercialdrivers.AddressingpotenDaldifferencesincrashrisksandmedicalinsurancecostsbyOSA-status(diagnosis,andifposiDve,treatmentsuccess).

•  Importance:SignificantresistanceamongindustrystakeholderstoregulaDonsrequiringOSAscreeningandtreatmentforcommercialdriversbasedonperceivedbenefitsandcosts.Medicalinsurancecostdifferencestotheoperatormayprovideasignificantoffseyngbenefit.

•  RecentPublica/on:PaperconnecDngtherefusaltoadheretomandatedsleepapneatreatmentamongdriverswithOSAwithincreasedriskofapreventableDOT-reportableheavytruckcrash.Journal:Sleep,webrelease3/21/16.

•  Currentac/vity:UsingseveraldifferentstaDsDcalapproachestoquanDfythedifferencesinmedicalinsurancecostsbytreatmentadherenceamongtractor-trailerdrivers,diagnosedposiDveforobstrucDvesleepapneacomparedtoappropriatecontrols.

•  Whathasbeenlearnedthusfar?Comparedtocontrolswhowerescreenedunlikelytohavethedisease,driverswithOSAwhoareNOTtreatment-adherenthavea5-foldincreaseintheriskofapreventableDOT-reportablecrash,anddriverswithOSAwhoAREtreatment-adherentarenotstaDsDcallydifferentfromcontrols.

•  Interpreta/on:If1,000driversofeachtypeworkedforoneyear(100,000miles)thecontrolsandadherentdriverswouldhaveabout14preventableDOT-reportableheavytruckcrashes.Non-adherentdriverswithOSAwouldhave70.

•  PublicPolicyIssue:Becausethesedriverswerediagnosedinaprograminternaltoaspecificmotorcarrier,non-adherentdriverswithOSAcanchoosetoquit(asdid60%ofstudysubjects)andworkatacarrierwithoutsuchaprogrambykeepingtheirdiagnosisprivate.

•  Impactofresearch:TheseresultswillbescruDnizedintheAdvanceNoDceofProposedRulemakingjointlyannouncedbytheFederalMotorCarrierSafetyAdministraDonandtheFederalRailroadAdministraDononMarch8,2016.

EnhancingWorkerSafetyusingDSRC-basedV2X:Warningvehicleoperatorsregardingworkerpresence

M.ImranHayee,UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth

Ordinaryvehicle

DSRC-equippedvehicle

Construc/onvehiclewithDSRC-equippedmonitor

WorkerwearingDSRCunit

WorkZoneFataliDes

•  Workzonerelatedaccidentscause20,000injuriesand100deathsamongworkerseveryyear.

•  35%oftotalworkzoneaccidentsresultfromheavymachineryhiyngaworker.Majorityofdeathsoccurduetotheseaccidents.

•  TheproposedprojectcanhelpminimizethesefataliDesbyprovidingimprovedsituaDonalawarenesstoheavymachineoperators.

SystemDevelopment

•  TesDngFeasibilityofWearableDSRCDeviceforWorkers•  DevelopingDSRC-basedWarningInterfaceforConstrucDon

VehicleandSoqwarefortheDSRC-basedMonitoringSubsystem

DSRCUnitLoca/onofworkers

Machineoperator

DSRCequippedvehicleindrivinglane

DSRC-MONITORInterface

Trackingtrajectoryofworkerwalkingaroundvehicle

Educa/onandWorkforceDevelopmentAc/vi/es

–  PedestriansafetyexhibitindevelopmentwithTheWorksMuseumforK-12audience,openingJune2016

–  SummercampintroducingtransportaDonsafetytoNaDveAmericanstudentsingrades4-8

–  18travelawardstostudentstoaHendregionalandnaDonalconferences,includingStudentoftheYear

TechnologyTransferAc/vi/es

– Hosted3pedestriansafetyworkshopsinWisconsin,Indiana,andOhiofornearly100transportaDonprofessionalsacrosstheregiontodiscussnewinnovaDonsandidenDfycommonissues

– DevelopedanddeliveredanimplementaDon-focusedwebinarserieswithRegion7UTCatIowaStateUniversity

–  PublishedRSIBiennialReport

StayConnected!roadwaysafety.umn.edu