RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE1. 2 CONSIDERATION FOR CAPACITY BUILDING, RESEARCH AND POLICY INTERVENTION BY DR (MRS.) G. ELEMO DIRECTOR GENERAL/CEO

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE 1


CONSIDERATION FOR CAPACITY BUILDING, RESEARCH AND POLICY INTERVENTION

BY

DR (MRS.) G. ELEMO DIRECTOR GENERAL/CEO

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH OSHODI (FIIRO)

EKO HOTEL AND SUITES, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS22ND APRIL, 2015.


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INTRODUCTION

• Climate change refers to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global temperatures


INTRODUCTION

• This is caused primarily by increases in greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2)


INTRODUCTION contd.

• Nigeria is experiencing adverse climate conditions with negative impacts on the welfare of millions of people. Persistent droughts and flooding, off season rains and dry spells have sent growing seasons out of orbit, on a country dependent on a rain fed agriculture


INTRODUCTION contd.

• Alarm bells are ringing with lakes drying up and a reduction in river flow in the arid and semi arid region. The result is fewer water supplies for use in agriculture, hydro power generation and other users.


INTRODUCTION contd.

• The main suspect for all this havoc is Climate Change


INTRODUCTION contd.

• Scientific studies show snows are disappearing rapidly.


INTRODUCTION contd.

• Climate Change has been confirmed following release of the 4th IPCC Assessment report. Africa will be worst hit by the effects of Climate Change which Nigeria is part of it.


CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPLICATION






Evidence of Climate Change in Nigeria

• The effects of climate change have already been felt in many parts of the country with the modifications of:

Intensity and seasonal nature of the rains;

Elevation of average annual temperatures; and

Increased frequency of widespread, high impact

weather phenomena including drought and flooding.

AGRICULTURE IN NIGERIA

• The agricultural sector contributes some percentage of the Nigerian Gross National Product and majority of the rural populace are employed in this sector.



Nigeria is blessed with coastal and wetland areas which have tremendous resources and high economic potentials derivable from the non-oil and oil resource endowments. Nigeria has about 923, 850 km2 (92.3 million hectares) of which over 20 million ha are water and creeks



Nigerian agriculture has abundant opportunities for highly profitable economic activities but subject to climatic and other conditions;



• Lagos State , noted and endowed with commodities such as leafy and fruit vegetables, coconut, oil palm, cassava, etc. produced largely by small scale farmers.


MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Poor Credit Facility

Low Level of Extension Services

Poor Technology

Rain Dependent/Lack of Irrigation facilities

Low Level of Infrastructural Facilities

Disconnect Between Farmers and Ultimate Consumers, Markets and Marketing

Poor Research-Extension-Farmer Linkages




Roles of Research and Development

BRIEF HISTORY OF FIIRO

In 1953, an International Bank for Reconstruction (now World Bank) mission to Nigeria observed that

Industrial development and Industrialization in Nigeria was:

• Diffuse• uncoordinated

Thus recommended the establishment of a research Institute

Hence, in 1956, the Institute of Applied Research was established at the present site of Federal Palace Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos

In 1958, the Institute was renamed Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO) and relocated to the present siteRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE24

VISION

To be the foremost centre for science and

technology-based

Research and Development

for the industrialization

and socio-economic

advancement of the nation.

MISSION

To conduct and promote

market-driven Research and Development

for the industrialization

and socio economic

development of the country.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE25

FIIRO’S CURRENT AREAS OF FOCUS

• Research and Development into Food and Agro-allied Process Technologies

• Research and Development into Pulp and Paper Processing• Research and Development into Packaging and Product Design• Design and Fabrication of Equipment prototypes


CHEMICAL, FIBRE AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT(NON-FOOD TECHNOLOGY)


Conducts research into;

• Chemical and Agro-allied industrial products and processes

• New products and process technologies for pulp, paper, packaging, polymer and textiles

• New process technologies on environmental pollution and pollution abatement/containment devices and products and waste to wealth programme

ABOUT CFET DEPARTMENT


Our R&D activities are strategically designed to build up industrial capacity within

Nigeria with focus on

• import substitution

• waste conversion and utilization(waste to wealth programme)

• export diversification

• job creation

• economic and revenue diversification

This is in line with the Nigeria industrial revolution plan (NIRP)

CFET DEPARTMENT


WASTE TO WEALTH PROGRAMME


WASTE TO WEALTH PRODUCTS

Fire Logs and Briquette from solid waste

Blocks from rice huskCompost from agricultural waste RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE31

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Straw-hay-briquettes.jpg

WASTE TO WEALTH PRODUCTS

Cashew nutshell liquid

Treated and untreated Effluent from textile,

pharmaceutical, pulp and paper industry

Slaked Lime from carbide sludge

Sodium silicate from rice huskEthanol from cassava peelRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE32


OTHER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS TO BOOST FOOD PRODUCTION

•Development of drought-resistant crops that have been tested for

strong yields when subjected to periods of extended water shortage.

• Improvements in plant nitrogen and water use efficiency and

development of cost-efficient nitrogen uptake delivery systems and

low-cost, high efficiency irrigation techniques



• Development of global testing sites and data collection and dissemination

efforts, using standard data protocols, to assess the performance of existing and

new genetic material and management systems in today’s range of agro-climatic

conditions

• Continuous field testing to track climate change, breeding for resistance to

new diseases and pests and to address changes in pollinator distribution have been

identified as avenues to confront adaptation of crops in the face of climate change.



•Development of assessment tools that incorporate the biophysical

constraints that affect agricultural productivity and include climate and

socioeconomic scenarios, including improved characterization of

policy and program environments and options.


SUGGESTIONS

• Government should improve their financial status towards the solution of findings on this issue.

• The Nigerian Government and all the stakeholders involves in the global phenomenon needs to increase public awareness, promote research and establish a commission or an agency that will handle issues related to global warming and climate change.

• The Federal, State and Local Government, International agencies and other development partners are required to funds climate change projects in Nigeria for sustainable solution.


CONCLUSION

• I want to advocate for a very strong synergy among all the

stakeholders here present today including the other break-out sessions,

because we need each other for a throughput mitigation to the adverse

effects of climate change.


THANK YOU ALL

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CLIMATE CHANGE1. 2 CONSIDERATION FOR CAPACITY BUILDING, RESEARCH AND POLICY INTERVENTION BY DR (MRS.) G. ELEMO DIRECTOR GENERAL/CEO