PROGRESS OF THE MILKIT PROJECT IN TANZANIA:

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania – with emphasis on feeds and feeding

Research ActivitiesDVC Assessment in Morogoro and Tanga

(More-MilkiT, MilkIT and SFFF July–Aug 2012 )

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Objectives Obtain an overview of dairy value chains and

DVC actors in selected regions and districts of Tanzania

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Tanga & Morogoro

Region

Tanga & Morogoro

Region

Process 8 villages in 4 districts from 2 regions Focus group discussions with producers in 8 villages Production systems:

Extensive/agro-pastoral (3 villages) – livestock dominates

Semi-intensive (3 villages) – cropping dominates Intensive – improved dairy cows (2 villages)

Individual interviews, selected through snowball principle and key informants, with Service and input suppliers Traders and vendors

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Tanzania

Morogoro Tanga

KilosaMvomero Handeni

Lushoto

a b c

Country

Region

District

Village

MilkIT feed activities in village types a and c. Overarching IP at Regional level and local feed IP’s at District level.

Ward

a b c a b c a b c

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Focus group discussions with producers from 8 villages

Concurrently 3 FGDs in each village focusing on Village mapping – natural, social + financial

resources, infrastructure + land use system Value chain mapping Epidemiological issues – animal health Feeding and breeding management Gender roles, and Livelihood assessment – importance of

livestock – and decision making power in the livestock sector

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Considerations concerning village selection Cattle numbers + number of cattle-keeping

households Improved cattle + number of households with

improved cattle Market channels:

Rural to ruralRural to urban

Production systemsIntensive/semi-intensiveExtensive

Accessibility

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Characteristics of selected villages District Village Cattle

population (no. hds)

HHs with cattle (no.)

Marketing channels

Farming system

Altitude Access-ibility

Tanga

Lushoto Kwang’ wenda

308-Improved

102 Rural-urban

Intensive High Good

Magamba 1330-Improved

330 Rural- urban

Intensive High Good

Handeni Sindeni 4996-Local 86 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good

Kabuku 121-Local + 60-Improved

10-Local + 32-Improved

Rural-rural Extensive + Intensive

Low Good

MorogoroMvomero

Manyinga 298-Improved

42 Rural- urban

Extensive Low/high Good

Kambala 8,614-Local + 354-Improved

562-local + 76-Improved

Rural-urban

Extensive + Intensive

Low Good

Kilosa Twatwatwa

60,317-Local 191 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good

Mbwade 3745-Local 47 Rural-rural Extensive Low Good

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Natural resources & InfrastructureAll villages have

Water from rivers Electric power supply – except Kambala and

Mbwade Opportunity to install chilling facility for collecting

milk Road access throughout the year– except

Kambala

Feeds Easy access to maize bran – could be used to

supplement cows

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Milk marketing channelsMain channels identified

Collection centers (Tanga Fresh and Tan Dairies)

Local restaurants Neighbours/households through vendors

Some channels dropped in the dry season Mainly individual households and restaurants

Differences in prices – lowest by collection centers

Large price fluctuation due to milk surplus in main rainy season

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feeding systems available Seasonal feeding

Pastoral transhumance (Livestock & household moved)

Pastoral transhumance (Livestock only moved)

Agro-pastoral (mainly grazing within boma feeding or tethering)

Agro-pastoral (mainly boma feeding or tethering)

Agro-pastoral (only stall feeding)

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feed & feeding issues – 1 3 seasons identified: long and short wet, and dry

season Feed availability varies with seasons

Long and short wet seasons abundant feed in the 8 villages

Dry season low feed availability in both extensive and semi-intensive production system

In extensive system, animals are moved to areas where there is pasture (transhumance)

Feed variability affects Milk availability in three main milk channels and Milk price – increase in dry season

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feed purchased in Manyinga village, Mvomero Hominy feed (coarse maize flour) Sunflower seed cake Rice polishing Molasses Limestone Dicalcium Phosphate Maclick (mineral powder) Salt

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feed & feeding issues – 2 Lack of access to concentrate feeds mentioned as

a challenge in semi-intensive systemPreferential feeding reported by farmers in semi-

intensive/ intensive system – pregnant cows fed with concentrate 2-3 months before calving

Fewer feed types contributing to animal diet in extensive than in intensive systemExtensive: communal grazing land, legume and

cereal residues, grazing in valley and transhumance Semi/intensive: grasses from communal land,

planted grasses, crop residue (cereals and legumes), maize bran, tree leaves, conserved feed, banana pseudo stem and tubers depending on availability

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feeding systems: extensive vs. semi-intensive/intensive

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

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1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec Jan

Natural grasses (inriver/stream)

Natural grasses (fromneighboring village)

Legumes (residues ofcowpeas, beans)

Banana pseudo stems,tubers, etc

Conserved feeds

Tree leaves (MPTs)

Maize bran andminerals

Feed resources throughout the year in Kwang’wenda, Lushoto – semi-intensive

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2

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5

6

7

8

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10

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov Dec Jan

Transhumance

Grazing by the valleys& rivers

Cereal residues

Legume residues

Grazing on communalland

Feed resources throughout the year in Sindeni, Handeni – extensive

Feed & feeding issues – constraints Lack of knowledge

Feeding requirements and feed resources Feed conservation (semi-intensive/intensive system) Cattle do not feed on dry grass

Lack of grazing land Problems with termites Land sales Conflicts between pastoralists and crop farmers

Lack of resources for Hay/crop residue storage facilities Few or no input suppliers in villages Water in the dry season

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania

Feed & feeding issues – possible solutionsPlanted fodders – require dry season

tolerance Compounded feed Feed supplement/additives (e.g., molasses not

used as animal feed) Conserved feeds (Hay, silage) Crop residues (Stover, straw, bean halls etc)

Preliminary DVC assessment in Tanzania