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research about dialogue and dialogue systems and the department of linguistics. goal: develop theories about human dialogue which can be used when building dialogue systems explore the use of dialogue systems as interfaces to applications and services Some projects - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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research about dialogue and dialogue systems and the department of linguistics
• goal:– develop theories about human dialogue
which can be used when building dialogue systems
– explore the use of dialogue systems as interfaces to applications and services
• Some projects– TRINDI: Task-Oriented and Instructional Dialogue– SIRIDUS: Specification, Interaction and
Reconfiguration in Dialogue Understanding Systems– D´Homme: Dialogues in the Home Environment
From menu to dialogue
Staffan LarssonInstitutionen för lingvistik
Göteborgs Universitet
Background
• Many applications and services have menu-based interfaces– mobile phone– video– computer– automatic cinema ticket booking via phone
• But menus have certain disadvantages• Dialogue systems provide more user-
friendly interfaces
Overview
• GoDiS: a dialogue system• Meny vs. dialogue• Menu components• Dialogue plans• Converting menus to dialogue plans• Examples
GoDiS: a dialogue system
• dialogue manager – implemented using the information
state approach– based on a theory about dialogue
based on ”Questions Under Discussion” and dialogue plans
– allows flexible dialogue
GoDiS architecture
• modules:– speech recogniser– language interpreter
– dialogue manager– language generator– speech synthesis
• Information state• resources
– lexicon, database, domain knowledge
inputinter-pret
Information State
lexicon
control
update selectgene-rate
output
data-base
domain
Typical human-computer dialogin a travel agency
S: Hello, how can I help you?U: I want price information pleaseS: Where do you want to go?U: ParisS: How do you want to travel?U: A flight pleaseS: When do you want to travelU: AprilS: what class did you have in mind?…S: The price is $123
Typical human-human dialogue
S(alesman), C(ustomer)S: hiC: flights to ParisS: when do you want to travel?C: April, as cheap as possible...
Flexible dialogue with GoDiS in the travel agency domain
• answering question which have not yet been asked, but which are relevant to some task– S: when do you want to travel?– U: in April, as cheap as possible
• providing information without specified task– S: hello– U: flights to Paris
Menus vs. dialogue:Drawbacks of menus
• User must follow predesigned menu structure
• this structure may be complicated and difficult to learn
• menus allow only one activity at a time
Menu vs. dialogue:Advantages of flexible dialogue
• provide information in any order• provide information without pre-
specifying the task • doing several things at once• not necessary to learn menu
structure
Menu components
• multiple-choice list– the user selects one of several prespecified
choices
• dialogue window– user types requested information
• tickbox– user ticks box (or not)
• system message– information from system; user clicks ”OK”
Sample menu from a Noka 3210
• search phonebook– dialogue window to type in name
• Name: _______
– message showing the number• Kalle 031 12 34 56
– tickbox: whether to call this person• Call
– if a call is made, a message:• Calling 031 12 34 56
Dialogue plans
• dialogue plans are partial specifications of how the system should act in a dialogue– action sequences, conditions etc
• Actions:– find the answer to a question– answer a question– inform – search database– domain-specific actions, e.g. phone up
number
Questions
• yes/no-question– ” Do you want to call NN?”
• wh-question: who, what, which....– ”Who do you want to search for?”
• alternative-question– ”Do you want to search, add to, erase
from or change the phonebook?”
Converting from menu to dialogue plan
Menu Planmulti-choice list alternative
question
tickbox yes/no-question
dialogue window wh-question
message inform
the menu again
• search phonebook– dialogue window to type in name– message showing the number– tickbox: whether to call this person– if a call is made, a message
corresponding plan
1 question: what name? 2 search database for NUMBER matching
the name3 answer: the number is (NUMBER)4 ask: do you want to call?5 if yes then
call up number:NUMBERinform: calling NAMN
another plan: assign ringing tone
1 ask: what name? 2 ask: which ringing tone?3 assign the ringing tone to the name4 inform: the ringing tone for (NAME) is no
(RINGING TONE)
Example 1: standard menu navigation
• U:Go to the phonebook• S: Phonebook. Do you want to search, add, or
remove an entry, or assign a ringing tone? • U: Assign ringing tone• S: What name?• U: John• S: Which ringin tone?• U: Bossanova• S: The ringing tone for John is now Bossanova.
Example 2: providing information which has not
been asked for• U: Assign ringing tone• S: What name?• U: Bossanova for John• S: The ringing tone for John is now
Bossanova.
Example 3: provide information without
assigning task(I)
• U: Bossanova for John• S: The ringing tone for John is now
Bossanova.
Example 4: provide information without assigning task (II)
• U: 5 o’clock• S: Do you want to set the clock or
the alarm clock? • U: alarm clock• S: the alarm clock is now set to 5
Example 5 (video): system requests missing information• U: record from 19:30 to 20:00
today• S: What channel?• U: Seven• S: OK, I will record channel 7 from
19:30 to 20:00 today.
Demo
• GoDiS has been adapted to several domains, including– travel agency– mobile phone interface (course project)– interface to intellegent house– cinema ticket booking (MA thesis)– internet search (MA thesis)– telephone receptionist
• We will give a demo of the mobile phone interface
demo
• GoDiS i resebyrådomänen• 14.30-15.00• F317
Dialogplaner
• handling: A
• handlingssekvens: A1,A2,..., An
• villkorssatser: – if_then(P,C)
• P är ett villkor• Om P är uppfyllt, gör C