Research 2 Guidelines - By Prof Manuel L. Hermosa

8/13/2019 Research 2 Guidelines - By Prof Manuel L. Hermosa

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NURSING RESEARCH 2

By:

Manuel L. Hermosa, EdDProfessor


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CHAPTER 1


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Table of Contents

TITLE --------------------------------- i

APPROVAL SHEET --------------------------------- ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --------------------------------- iii

DEDICATION --------------------------------- vi

ABSTRACT --------------------------------- vii

CHAPTER

1. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction --------------------------------- 1

Theoretical Framework of the study --------------------------------- 4

Research Paradigm --------------------------------- 6

Statement of the Problem --------------------------------- 6

Hypotheses of the Study --------------------------------- 8

Scope and Delimitation of the Study -------------------------------- 8 Significance of the study --------------------------------- 8

Definition of Terms --------------------------------- 9


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Introduction

The introduction consist of statements and

information about the study, the statement of

the problem, the importance of the study, the

scope and limitation of the study. It should go

directly into what the problem is investigating. It should discuss the causes and the factors

that motivated the researcher to conduct the

study.


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Background of the Study

The background of the study is a brief

explanation of the source of the problem. It is

an account explaining the circumstances

which suggest the need of the study. This may

be a justification of the choice of the study.


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Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction General assumptions may be made about stress, yet the

experience for patients and nurses will be personal and unique each person experiences stress differently based upon his or herown personality and life experiences. Stress is experienced whenone encounters demands perceived as outside ones usualresources. Newton et al, note that stress has been conceptualizedas both stimulus or event (distressing circumstances outside aperson) as a response (internal disturbance).Stanton and Burnsdescribe a contrasting approach where stress is neither an eventnor a response, but rather a combination of factors the perceivedmeaning of the event and a self appraisal of the adequacy of copingresources. Thus, it is not the stress itself but the perception of thestress which determines how individuals experience and handle it.


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CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Knowledge and techniques in the health field are rapidly expanding.According to Carl Lindsay, James Morrison, and E. James Kelley, it isestimated that the half-life of knowledge acquired in medical school isapproximately five years. Therefore, in just five years, half of what a doctor

learns in medical school will be obsolete. With such a vast increase in theknowledge base, it is essential that health professionals, particularlydoctors, dentists and nurses, constantly update their skills. In fact, theirpatients' lives and well-being often depend on health professionalskeeping current on the latest advances. One way this can be done isthrough "continuing education", a common synonym for adult education,where adults pursue education beyond formal schooling. Most frequently,

colleges, universities and professional organizations use the term todescribe programs designed to assist practicing professionals.


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Theoretical/Conceptual framework

Framework is the skeletal representation of

the study showing the relationships of thedifferent variables of the study.

The theoretical framework is the researchersformulation of a theoretical scheme of his

research problem which is a tentative theoreticalexplanation of the phenomenon/present beinginvestigated. The theoretical scheme is the basisfor formulating the researchhypothesis/hypotheses. Theoretical framework isusually included in an experimental research.


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In the conceptual framework, the researcher

formulates a conceptual scheme for his

problem which is a tentative ideationalexplanation of the phenomena he is going to

investigate. The research paper may have a

theoretical framework or a conceptualframework or both as may be needed in the

study. The theoretical/schematic diagram

showing the variables of the problem andtheir interrelationship.


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Conceptual Framework

This study utilized Sister Calixta Roys Theory whichfocuses on the adaptation of man. The persons continually

scan the environment for stimuli so he respond and adapt.The goal is to promote the persons adaptation in order tocontribute to good quality of life and health.

The person receives input or forms the environmentand self. Adaptation occurs when the persons responds to

environmental changes. This response promotes theintegrity of the individual which leads to health. Ineffectiveresponses to stimuli lead to disruption of the integrity ofthe person.

Roy describes the individual as a biophysical system

and as a humanistic discipline that places emphasis on thepersons coping abilities. The individual and theenvironment are sources of stimuli that requiremodification to promote adaptation.


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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework of the Study

Continuing education in nursing consists ofplanned learning experiences beyond basiceducation program. The in calculation,assimilation, and acquisition of knowledge, skills,proficiency and ethical and moral values after theinitial registration of a professional, raise andenhance the professionals technical skills andprofessional competence. Responsibility for themaintenance of safe and competent practice

rests on the individual practioner throughcontinual learning. This explicitly stressed in theCode of Ethics for professional nurses.


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Figure 1. Illustrates the research paradigm, which guided this study. Itdepicts the variables and their relationship in the InputProcessOutput(IPO) System. On the Inputpart, it is divided into three. The Profile of theUniversity of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center Nurseswith regards to: A. Respondents: 1) age; 2)gender; 3) civil status; 4)educational attainment; and 5) length of service. B. The respondentsperception that collaborates potential implications to nursing service. C.The problems encountered by the respondents in attending continuous

program of education, while the PROCESS or THROUGHPUT , are thedescription of the profile of the respondents, databank extent on theAssessment of the Implications in the Continuing Education of Nursesthat collaborates Nursing Service in terms of: 1) knowledge; 2) skills; and3) attitudes, and the extent of the possible solutions and recommendationoffered to the respondents implications to nursing service. The OUTPUTin the diagram is represented by the expected recipient profile, updated

databank of the significant relationship of the respondents perceptionthat collaborate potential implication to nursing service, and developimproved University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial MedicalCenter registered nurses.


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I. Nurses Profile:1.1 age,

1.2 gender,

1.3 civil status,

1.4

educational

Attainment,

1.5 length of

service

I. Assessment of Stresslevel:

1.1 Job Pressure as Stressors;

1.2 Job Scope as Stressors;

1.3 Human Relations asStressors; &

1.4 Physical Environment as Stressor

Job Pressure

II. Assessment of Coping mechanisms:

2.1 self knowledge,

2.2 varied interest,2.3 varied reactions,

2.4 acceptance of active

and productive activities

III. Assessment of the Work Level

Performance of Nurses:

3.1 educational activities,

3.2 ward activities, and3.3 instructional leadership.

Guide to Stress

Management

Program

Feedback Loop

Input Process Output


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Statement of the Problem

The problem is the axial center around

which the whole research efforts turns. The

problem should be so clearly stated that

anyone in the world may read it, understand it

and to react it without help.

The statement of the problem usually

starts with a general objective followed by

specific or subproblems stated in questionform.


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Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study is to appraisethe STRESSexperienced by the Nurses and how theycope - up at Seamens Hospital.

Specifically, the study would seek to address

the following questions: What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 gender;

1.2 age;

1.3 civil status;

1.4 educational attainment; and

1.5 years rendered in service.


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How do nursing personnel assess their stress in terms of:

2.1 job pressures;

2.2 job scope; and

2.3. human relation, and 2.4 physical environment?

How do the nursing personnel demonstrate their copingmechanisms in terms of:

3.1 self-knowledge,

3.2 varied interest, 3.3 varied reactions,

3.4 acceptances of active and productive activities?

What is the level of work performance of nurses at SeamensHospital in terms of:

4.1. educational activities, 4.2. ward activities, and

4.3 instructional leadership?


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5. Is there a significant relationship between

the nurses coping strategy and their clinical

performance?

6. Based on the results of the study, what

action plan could be formulated to minimize

the nursing personnels work related stress?


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Guidelines in Formulating and Stating Problems

1. Express the thought fully with the least word possible

2. Use a thesaurus: It will help you find the exact word

3. Never use a long word where a short one will do or twosyllable words rather than longer ones.

4. Keep your sentences short. Vary the length, but break upthose long, contorted sentences into shorter, more succinctones.

5. Look critically at each thought as it stands out thepapers. Do the words say exactly what you wish them tosay? Throw out superfluous words.

6. Be alert to modification. Misplaced phrases and clauses

can create havoc with the thought 7. If possible, specific questions should start with What

and should be logically arranged.


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Assumption and Hypothesis

In research, assumptions are equivalent to anxious in

geometry; self-evident truths the sine qua non of research.

Assumptions provide foundation upon which the entire research

structure rests. In research, therefore, it is important that others

know what the researcher assumes with respect to her project.

Hypotheses are tentative , intelligent guesses formulated

for the purpose of directing onesthinking towards the solutionof the problem. Hypotheses are necessary because the

researcher needs to have some point around which the research

may be oriented in searching for relevant data and in

establishing a tentative goal against which to project the facts.

Hypotheses are formulated before the study is done based

on some observations or intuition and on the problems stated in

the present study. They are often expressed in the null form.


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Hypotheses

There is no significant relationship betweenthe nurses coping strategy and their clinical

performance.


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Significance of the study

The study should explain why the problem

investigated is important and what importancethe results have. It should include a statement on

relevance to felt needs, the potential contribution

of the research to new knowledge, policyimplications and other possible uses for its

results. One nay ask this questions:

1. Of what use is it?

2. What practical value does the study have?

3. Who will benefit this study?


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Significance of the Study

This study will provide a better understanding ofthe different coping mechanisms of an individual. It is

beneficial to the Nursing Personnel particularly to theNurses of the SeamensHospital.

Nursing service is a part of the institutions; totalhealth organization has constant with patients. It aims

at performing the fourfold fundamental responsibilityof promoting health, preventing illness, restoringhealth, and alleviating suffering. The Nurses andNursing attendants are responsible for the delivery ofservices for their individual units or clinical areas. The

scope of the activity involves administering care to agroup of patients, they are directly concerned withachieving the objectives of the hospital and thedepartment.


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Administration. This study will be a great help tothe administration to forecast all the necessarysituation of nurses before, during and after work.

Stress as a part of every activity must be known tounderstand the need of nursing personnel.Management as the main course of this division relieson people at their work in planning, organizing,direction and controlling them to serve quality nursing

care to the clients. Staff Nurse as the front liner in providing quality

nursing care in the hospital and the subject of thisstudy, it is a must to recognize the origin of attitudestowards works. The preparedness and recognition willbe great help in accomplishing task all over the clinicalduty.


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Department of Health. This investigation will beimmense in any plan of actions made by the department ofhealth concerning managing people at work specially

stress. This will also serve as guide in improving quality ofworks life in managing nurses to provide quality client care.

Nursing Education. Experience is the best educationeven though education is a continuous learning. As viewedin nursing practice, it is a must to understand the need of

individual before they could implement a certain task. Thebackground of the recipient will be the factors to considerwhen giving orders when the program has beenimplemented. Direction, communication, situation andmore should also be included.

Patientsare the primarily recipient of the servicesgiven by the hospital. They receive the desired nursing caredelivered by the nurses and nursing attendants.


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Scope and Limitation

Scope is the precise boundary of the study.

It describes the nature of the study, types of

respondents or sample involved, place and

time frame covered. It is known as

delimitation. Limitation states the weaknessor constraint in the study and the things

omitted in the study but may be expected by

the readers to be included.


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Scope and Limitation

The major concept should be clearly defined first.

Then, limit the scope of the study in terms of (1) issues,concerns or subject areas of investigation, (2) areacoverage, (3) number of respondents or subjectsinvolved, (4) period of time or school year covered, (5)rationale behind delimiting the scope of the study, and

(6) type of data qualitative or quantitative or acombination of the two.

Reasons advanced by well-known authoritysources are cited to support the researchers rationale

for delimiting the scope of the study. The scope anddelimitations basically asks the questions, what, whereand how.


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Scope and Delimitation

This study focus on the stress-experienced byNurses and coping mechanisms and its relationship to

their clinical performance as nursing personnel of theSeamensHospital.

The researcher specifically concentrated on thefollowing variables: demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status,educational attainment and years rendered in service.Stress-related factors were limited to the job pressures,job scope, physical environment and human relations.The coping mechanism were limited to the

respondents self knowledge, varied interest, variedreactions, acceptance of active and productiveactivities employed by the respondents.


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Definition of Terms

The definition must interpret the term as it is

employed in the researchers project. A termsdefinition may be conceptual or ideational interms of:

1. The meaning provided in the dictionary orencyclopedia

2. The concept accepted by the proponent(researcher) and some experts

3. The operational definition which may beexpressed in terms of observable qualities orcharacteristics presented in the paper or how theterm is used in the study.


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Definition of Terms

The following terms are use to define the unfamiliar context of

the study for common understanding: CPEContinuing Professional Educationrefers to the

inculcation, assimilation of knowledge, skills, proficiency and ethicaland moral values after the initial registration of a professional thatraise and enhance the professionals technical skills andcompetence.

Educationthe action or process of educating or beingeducated; a field of study dealing with method s of teaching andlearning.

Health Education- an educational program directed to thegeneral public that attempts to improve, maintain, and safeguardthe health of the community.

Importancethis refers to a value of a given concepts aboutthe non-structured continuing education program in improvingnursing practice.


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Definition of Terms

For better and clearer understanding of this study the

following terms are defined as operationally used in this study:

Acceptance and Productive Activities as Coping Mechanism.It refers to the nurses acceptance of stress leading to be moreproductive and used as their coping mechanism.

Assess.It refers to indicating the five point level ofdetermining the stress-related factors of nursing personnel andtheir coping mechanisms.

Burnout. It refers to a condition in which healthprofessionals lose their concern and feeling for their clients andcome to treat in a detached way.

Coping

.

Refers to process or skills that individual use todeal with events, circumstances, or situations that are out of theordinary and thus become stressors.


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Research 2 Guidelines - By Prof Manuel L. Hermosa