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Requirements of Sustainable Building Envelope
Marco Citterio Marco Citterio Enea ndash ENE SISTEnea ndash ENE SIST
citteriocasacciaeneaitcitteriocasacciaeneait
2006 262006 26thth June June
Aim of presentation
To help Decision Makers in expressing their requirements to designers in early design phase of sustainable buildings
Comparison of EU countries energy consumption in building sector
European Directive about Energy Building Performance 912002
Aspects1048713 Building envelope thermal and permeability
characteristics1048713 HVAC and DHW plants1048713 Efficient Lighting (specially in NR buildings)1048713 Building location and orientation climate characterization
included1048713 Passive solar systems1048713 Solar shading systems1048713 Daylighting1048713 Natural Ventilation1048713 Indoor Environment Quality
bull ldquoThese (buildings) are properly designed when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate would be very unsuitable to another for one part of the world is under the suns course another is distant from it and another between the two is temperaterdquo
bull ldquoIn the north buildings should be arched enclosed as much as possible and not exposed and it seems proper that they should face the warmer aspectsThose under the suns course in southern countries where the heat is oppressive should be exposed and turned towards the north and east Thus the injury which nature would effect is evaded by means of artrdquo
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio de Architectura Book VI 11-2Ist century BC
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Aim of presentation
To help Decision Makers in expressing their requirements to designers in early design phase of sustainable buildings
Comparison of EU countries energy consumption in building sector
European Directive about Energy Building Performance 912002
Aspects1048713 Building envelope thermal and permeability
characteristics1048713 HVAC and DHW plants1048713 Efficient Lighting (specially in NR buildings)1048713 Building location and orientation climate characterization
included1048713 Passive solar systems1048713 Solar shading systems1048713 Daylighting1048713 Natural Ventilation1048713 Indoor Environment Quality
bull ldquoThese (buildings) are properly designed when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate would be very unsuitable to another for one part of the world is under the suns course another is distant from it and another between the two is temperaterdquo
bull ldquoIn the north buildings should be arched enclosed as much as possible and not exposed and it seems proper that they should face the warmer aspectsThose under the suns course in southern countries where the heat is oppressive should be exposed and turned towards the north and east Thus the injury which nature would effect is evaded by means of artrdquo
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio de Architectura Book VI 11-2Ist century BC
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Comparison of EU countries energy consumption in building sector
European Directive about Energy Building Performance 912002
Aspects1048713 Building envelope thermal and permeability
characteristics1048713 HVAC and DHW plants1048713 Efficient Lighting (specially in NR buildings)1048713 Building location and orientation climate characterization
included1048713 Passive solar systems1048713 Solar shading systems1048713 Daylighting1048713 Natural Ventilation1048713 Indoor Environment Quality
bull ldquoThese (buildings) are properly designed when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate would be very unsuitable to another for one part of the world is under the suns course another is distant from it and another between the two is temperaterdquo
bull ldquoIn the north buildings should be arched enclosed as much as possible and not exposed and it seems proper that they should face the warmer aspectsThose under the suns course in southern countries where the heat is oppressive should be exposed and turned towards the north and east Thus the injury which nature would effect is evaded by means of artrdquo
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio de Architectura Book VI 11-2Ist century BC
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
European Directive about Energy Building Performance 912002
Aspects1048713 Building envelope thermal and permeability
characteristics1048713 HVAC and DHW plants1048713 Efficient Lighting (specially in NR buildings)1048713 Building location and orientation climate characterization
included1048713 Passive solar systems1048713 Solar shading systems1048713 Daylighting1048713 Natural Ventilation1048713 Indoor Environment Quality
bull ldquoThese (buildings) are properly designed when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate would be very unsuitable to another for one part of the world is under the suns course another is distant from it and another between the two is temperaterdquo
bull ldquoIn the north buildings should be arched enclosed as much as possible and not exposed and it seems proper that they should face the warmer aspectsThose under the suns course in southern countries where the heat is oppressive should be exposed and turned towards the north and east Thus the injury which nature would effect is evaded by means of artrdquo
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio de Architectura Book VI 11-2Ist century BC
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
bull ldquoThese (buildings) are properly designed when due regard is had to the country and climate in which they are erected For the method of building which is suited to Egypt would be very improper in Spain and that in use in Pontus would be absurd at Rome so in other parts of the world a style suitable to one climate would be very unsuitable to another for one part of the world is under the suns course another is distant from it and another between the two is temperaterdquo
bull ldquoIn the north buildings should be arched enclosed as much as possible and not exposed and it seems proper that they should face the warmer aspectsThose under the suns course in southern countries where the heat is oppressive should be exposed and turned towards the north and east Thus the injury which nature would effect is evaded by means of artrdquo
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio de Architectura Book VI 11-2Ist century BC
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Could you tell where these buildings are
located
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Indoor microclimate control can be obtained by means of interaction of
1048713 passive measures (mainly involving architectural morphological and building technology related variables)
1048713 active measures (related to technological plants)
Active and passive measures should be balanced in order to obtain indoor comfort conditions by means of right amount of energy and resources
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Building envelope and thermal inertia
bull Each envelope and building structure element has thermal capacity capability of storing thermal energy and delaying heat transfer
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
bull Heavy structures have longer time response and limited thermal excursions in comparison to ldquolighterrdquo structures
bull This fact helps to limit indoor temperature fluctuations due to seasonal and daily outdoor temperature variation
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
bull Energy consumption of buildings with high thermal inertia in cold or warm climates can be considerably lower than energy consumption of lighter buildings
bull Thermal energy storage in building mass sometimes allowes to shift the time of max cooling energy demand to time when building is not in use
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
bull The time lag φ represents the temporal delay of peak heat flow of actual wall compared to instantaneous heat flow of a wall with zero capacity
bull Decrement factor micro represents the ratio between max heat flow of actual wall and max heat flow of zero capacity wall
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Φ and μ in function of mass and Uvalue
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Effectiveness of thermal inertia increases accordingly to day-night thermal excursion
In warm climates walls store heat during the day and release it during the night that is particularly effective in the case of building used during the day onlyThermal mass can also cooled by way of night ventilation (natural or mechanic)
In cold climates thermal mass helps in storing solar energy during the day and mitigates indoor climate during the evening and the night
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Influence of positioning thermal insulation on walls thermal inertia
Wall type Insulation positioning
[h]
Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 028 11
Intermediate
022 11
External 020 11
Non Supporting walls with concentrate insulation
Internal 048 8
Intermediate
044 8
External 044 8
Multilayered envelope walls
Insulation thickness 6 cm
075 4
Windows 1 0
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Building shape and orientation
bullThe right building orientation bullThe appropriate building shape bullRational spatial and functional organization of internal environments
can allow with no extra costsbullsignificant energy saving (30 ndash 40) bullbetter indoor comfort
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Building shape
Building should have the lower possible ratio between losing envelope surface and enclosed volume
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Take into account effects of prevailing winds due to building shape and
boundary condition
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Building orientation
The best solution is to orient the main building axis on east-west direction South faccedilades receive more solar radiation during winter (when the sun height is lower) than in summer
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Amount of solar radiation on different oriented surfaces for different latitudes
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Example of good internal layout of a residential building
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Solar shading control
Transparent envelope and solar shading control can be obtained by means of bulldimensioning and placing the right amount of glazed surfaces on different orientations
bull choosing the right glass characteristics (even accordingly to facade orientation)bullAdopting solar shading systems (preferably external)
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
bull Glazed surfaces on North East and West orientations should be dimensioned with the purpose of providing the right amount of daylighting
bull On North orientation rarely reached by beam solar radiation it is important ndash to provide excellent thermal insulation ndash to limit glazed surface dimensions
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Dimensioning glazed surfaces on South orientation the right amount of daylight is not the matter ndash Windows can be enlarged in order to improve
solar gains in winter ndash Solar shading adoption is anyway a must in
order to limit and control solar gains during summer
ndash Good Uvalue should be adviceable in order to limit thermal losses in winter
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Type of glasses
bull The choice of glass typology is an important issue ndash Different kind of glasses available on the
market with variable optical characteristics can fit with needs of different climate conditions (Selective glasses)
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Influence on PPD per different glass types during a sunny winter day
Glass type ΔPPVRadiant
asymmetry
ΔPPVDirect
radiation
ΔPPVConvectio
n
ΔPPVTotal
Light 3 mm +35 -30 +8 +13
Light 3 mm + Air 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+28 -25 +6 +9
Light 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Low Emissivity 3 mm
+8 -7 - +1
Selective 3 mm + Argon 13 mm + Light 3 mm
+12 -5 - +7
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Solar shading
bull External solar shading systems should be preferred they shade solar radiation before it comes into the building
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
On SOUTH orientation shading systems have to be horizontal they are effective in order to limit solar gain during summer and allow solar gain in winter
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
On EAST and WEST orientations vertical shading device have to be adopted They shade solar radiation during early morning and late afternoon during summer
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
Thanks for your attention
Acknowledgment Simone Ferrari ldquoProgettazione Eco-sostenibile dellrsquoinvolucro
dellrsquoedificiordquo - Progetto SICENEA - 2006JRC ndash Directorate General for Energy (DG-XII) ldquoPassive Solar
Architecture for mediterranean areardquo THERMIE PROGRAMCommission of the European Communities Brussels 1994
