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But FIRST…Project brainstorming Pair or triple up… Brainstorm
ideas/problems/applications with digital photo display and sharing
Choose a couple and elaborate Pause to share ideas with everyone… After class – try and form project
groups
Assignment 2
Many general questions Good to get started, but you want more
details Keep following up on the interesting answers
Try and understand what the user really wants to accomplish Don’t just ask what feature they want – they
may not really know Don’t worry too much about
marketing/business aspects when gathering data
Recall: Data Gathering Methods
1. Ethnography - learn by immersion/doing
2. Observation - thinking out loud
3. Cooperative Evaluation
4. Interviews
5. Questionnaires
6. Focus groups
7. Study Documentation
8. Look at competitive products
Which Methods to Use?
• Self-service filling and payment system for a gas station
• On-board ship data analysis system for geologists searching for oil
• Fashion website for buying clothes at large department store
Stakeholders
Primary – targeted end users Secondary – receive output or provide
input to system Tertiary – others directly receiving
benefits from system success or failure
Facilitating – design, development, maintenance
User Characteristics
Attitude, morale, willingness to change, motivation, reading level, typing skill, education, frequency of use, training, color-blindness, handedness, gender,…
Novice, intermediate, expert System experience, task experience,
computer literacy Cultural factors
Uses of icons, colors, words, metaphors - more later
User Motivation
User
Low motivation, discretionary use
Low motivation, mandatory use
High motivation, due to fear
High motivation, due to interest
Design goal
Ease of learning
Control, power
Ease of learning, robustness, control
Power, ease of use
Implications of Experience
ExperienceTask System
low low
high high
low high
high low
Design goalsMany syntactic and semantic prompts
Efficient commands, concise syntax
Semantic help facilities
Lots of syntactic prompting
Job & Task Implications
Frequency of use High - Ease of use Low - Ease of learning & remembering
Task implications High - Ease of use Low - Ease of learning
System use Mandatory - Ease of use Discretionary - Ease of learning
Job Characteristics
Mission critical Life and safety High stress environment High mental workload Low mental workload
Implications of these types of jobs?
Physical Environment
Lighting levels / directions Noise level Temperature Standing / sitting
Implications of these types of environments?
Technical Environment
Computers/platforms for application Technology to interact with Networking Mobility
What are implications?
Social Environment
How do users interact? Roles? How do users interact with others? Social implications of problem or
solution?InterruptionPrivacy
What are implications?
Results of Requirments Gathering & Analysis Real-world constraints User characteristics + Personas Usability Requirements Task - subtask decomposition
Includes sequencing information Use Cases & Scenarios Possibly workflow diagrams, flow charts ER Model – Objects diagram
Scenario
Describe tasks and context in sentences
Natural way of describing general idea Not effective for
detailsbranching tasksparallel tasks
GREAT as introduction to diagrams or outlines
Scenario: Example 1
Its Friday afternoon and John just got paid. He wants to deposit his check immediately so he can pay his rent. He stops at one branch of his bank on the way home from work. He waits in his car while another person finishes using the ATM in front of the bank since it is drizzling outside. He walks up to the ATM to deposit his check. Only, as he is about to put the check into the envelope at the ATM, he realizes that he has not signed the back of it, and he has no pen and can not find one on or near the ATM machine. He cancels the transaction on the ATM, and enters the bank, which luckily is still open for 5 more minutes. He goes to the counter, finds a pen, and signs his check. He also fills out a deposit slip. He then waits to see a teller in person to deposit his check, and get money for the weekend.
Scenario: Example 2
Annie walks up to the ATM to deposit her weekly pay check. She puts her ATM card into the slot in the machine. She then enters her PIN number quickly, trying to block the person waiting behind her from viewing the keypad, and knows that she does not have to press “Enter” at this particular machine. She then chooses “Deposit” and “Check.” She enters the amount of the check using the keypad, then takes an envelope from the ATM machine, puts her check inside, seals the envelope and writes the amount of the check on the outside. She feeds the envelope into the slot into the ATM machine. She then selects “No other transactions” to finish, and waits to receive her receipt and ATM card.
Persona
Description of user and what user wishes to do
Be specific/detailed, even give names and picture
Three personas for ATM usage followAdapted from User Interface Design
and Evaluation, The Open University Developed by Cooper (1999)
Felix (representing teenage ATM users)
Felix is 13 and gets pocket money each week. He
spends it with his friends, so doesn’t make regular
deposits. He does receive gifts for his birthday,
Christmas, etc. and saves that money for special
purchases, such as a computer games console or trendy
clothes. He has an ATM card allowing him to make
withdrawals when needed for his purchases.
Sandra (representing young adults thru middle age)
Sandra is 30, is married to Jason, has two children Todd(6)
and Carly (18 months). They live in a subdivision that is about
three miles from the town center, where the bank and stores
are located. Jason uses the car for work, and works long
hours, leaving at 6:45 am and returning at 8:00 pm. Sandra
does not drive, so has to use public transportation. She tries to
run errands and shop while Todd is in school, so she only has
to take Carly to town with her. She typically needs to make two
trips to town each week to get everything done. She uses a
stroller with Carly, and the bank is one flight up via escalator, so
she prefers to use the ATM outside the first floor, even though
there is no canopy to protect customers from bad weather.
Grandpa Marvin (representing middle age to senior citizens)Marvin is 68 years old, and his social security is
deposited into his bank account at the start of each
month. He goes to the bank every week, withdrawing
enough cash for the week - for miscellaneous
expenditures. Regular bills are paid by check. He stands
in line for a live teller, as he prefers the social interaction
to using an ATM, even though his new artificial hip makes
standing in line uncomfortable. He does not have an
ATM card.