Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Requirements Engineering in the Automotive Industry:
From the Praxis – for the Praxis.
2012 Kiew
2
Automotive Industry in Germany
Germany is and remains the auto country number 1!
The six major car manufacturers:
make Germany the classical auto country
3
Automotive Industry in Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is the centre of the German motor industry. Almost one third of turnover generated by the whole sector in Germany, around 112 billion Euros, is realized in Baden- Württemberg, more than in any other German state.
Baden-Württemberg’s vehicle manufacturers and suppliers
employ more than 334,000 people, which means that almost every fourth job in manufacturing is in this sector.
The three large OEM (an original equipment manufacturer) works in the state Daimler, Porsche and Audi have a major effect in stimulating innovative suppliers.
Around 40 vehicle and motor manufacturers, as well as 237
companies which count as direct suppliers to the vehicle industry, are based in Baden-Württemberg.
In total almost 740 companies are represented in Baden-
Württemberg, which corresponds to around one third of all German businesses in the automotive industry (see [1])
Baden-Württemberg is Germany's “No. 1 Car Region” Every fifth in Europe newly registered vehicle carries the quality seal "Made
in Germany“!
4
XTRONIC - Excellence in Engineering
XTRONIC System Solutions:
Telematic/Multimedia Video entertainment systems
Many drivers wish for the best high end multimedia systems with the newest technological innovations. Our expertise in telematic/multimedia and display technology allows us to develop system solutions for suppliers and OEMs for series production in accordance with Automotive SPICE® and we offer our services throughout the entire development process
Electric Mobility Electric scooter "e-Schwalbe"
Electric mobility is the wave of the future. Quiet, powerful and environmentally friendly drive systems and a fascinating driving experience has been the goal which has inspired us to develop e-mobility solutions, like our electric scooter “e-Schwalbe”.
Electronic Drive Systems "drive-by-wire"
Already common place in aeronautics and aerospace drive-by-wire is still a vision for the automotive industry, and only until it has been proven to be safe and reliable can it become an option for automobiles. For people with handicaps drive-by-wire has a special meaning, freedom. Mobility opens a whole new world of freedom, independence and joy in life. These are our incentives for developing a safe and reliable drive-by-wire system
5
5
XTRONIC: Core Competences
6
XTRONIC: Requirements Engineering
XTRONIC consults their customers on requirement methods and creates RE-infrastructure. To support the processes we use DOORS® amongst others. Further tasks of the requirements engineering are the creation of the DOORS® infrastructure, database design, support and training.
7
XTRONIC maintains successful long lasting cooperative partnerships with its customers.
The following well known OEM’s, suppliers and other customers have come to rely on XTRONIC as a trusted service- and development partner and system supplier (extract):
XTRONIC: References
8
Dr.-Ing. Irene Koschel
Company: XTRONIC GmbH
Position: Head of Requirements Engineering and RE-Academy
About Speaker
14 years experience in IT and 10 years at the universities.
IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering
Scope of interests: requirements engineering and management,
training and support, process and methods consulting, project management,
system analyse
Speaker
9
SMR is...
...a global tier 1 supplier to the automotive industry with focus on electro-mechanical systems
...a leading exterior mirror manufacturer globally and a pioneer for intelligent camera systems
...a member of US$ 4.14 billion automotive specialist Samvardhana Motherson Group
10
SMR is SMG’s division for Rear Vision Systems and related products and technologies
Exterior mirrors
Camera based Blind Spot Detection
Integrated turn signals
ADAS signal lamps
Electric actuators
Fuel filler door modules
Door handles
Interior and exterior lighting
Switches, cables, electronics
Other Products Exterior Mirrors Interior Mirrors
Interior mirrors
Toll collect system integration
Integrated displays
Integrated lighting
Interior mirrors 4%
Other products 3%
Camera systems 3% Exterior mirrors 90% External sales FY2011/12: € 841 million (as per IFRS)
11
Electronic systems
SMR develops and manufactures most of self-applied electronic devices in-house
Hardware and software development (e.g. image processing)
Production in house and with specialized partners
SMR is among the leading experts for environment sensing systems
Expert for electrical distribution systems (i.e. wiring harnesses): MSSL in the corporate network
SMR’s products are ideal for the integration of control, communication, driver assist and environment detecting systems
Optimal locations on the vehicle
Existing connections to diverse on-board electrical systems
Plastic exterior mirror housings are ideal e.g. for antenna integration
Blind spot detection system
LIN Bus modules and other control units
Circuit boards for LED lighting
12
Driver assistant systems Video based blind spot detection systems
The first mirror that can see!
In the market since 2005 (all Volvo models)
Activation of warning light when vehicles enter blind spot in defined traffic situations
Integration of the complete system in the exterior mirror (camera sensor and Advantage: Camera module and exterior mirror from same source
image processing)
Plug and Play architecture with self calibration!
Technology received numerous awards
13
Driver assistant systems Next generation vision based sensor technology
Multi-talent: SMR’s new generation camera technology New technologies developed by SMR enable a wide range of solutions for
driver assist features
Modular hard- and software architecture multiple functions operated by same basic technology
System is capable to integrate multiple driver assistance and comfort features in 1 sensor system Reduction of cost, space, weight and power consumption
Simplification: Only 1 interface to the vehicle for all integrated systems / only one system partner
Examples of features tested with new technology: Blind Spot Detection Lane Change Assist Lane Departure Warning Safe Exit Assist (warning of passing vehicles and
cycles) 180° / 360° Bird View Display Intelligent Back-up camera Corner View Mirror replacement cameras (exterior and interior)
14
Driver assistant systems Next generation vision based sensor technology
Detection of moving objects “Intelligent” cameras are capable of recognising and tracking moving objects by means of highly-complex image processing technology that compares real images with virtual real-time simulations.
Detection of road marking and traffic signs Compared to other sensing technologies such as radar and ultrasound, intelligent camera systems can detect road markings and read traffic signs
Provision of life video images High-resolution cameras provide best quality images to screens. Since no other sensor technology than cameras can provide real images, this is a big advantage. Even the complete replacement of interior and exterior mirrors is possible
15
Dipl.-Ing. Sergej Schmidt
Company: SMR Automotive Mirrors Stuttgart GmbH
Position: Software Architeсt
About Speaker
10 years experience in the field of system engineering in the automotive industry.
Scope of interests: systems and software engineering, software development,
testing, requirements engineering and management, project management, system
modeling and design, processes.
Speakers
16
SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Our goal is: to reach higher process maturity according to Automotive SPICE, based on
our own standards and best practices
17
Automotive Requirements in History
Special feature in the automotive industry
Standardization in the automotive industry
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
18
Automotiv Requirements in Historie
It all started exactly 126 years ago with a three-wheeled cart powered by a petrol engine. 1886: Carl-Friedrich Benz builds and patents the first petrol car, a three-wheeled vehicle with an internal combustion engine and electric ignition. 1887: Completely independently of Carl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler from Stuttgart builds a car and founds the motor company Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG). On April 2, 1900 Emil Jellinek commissions DMG to build a more competitive car for the next race season, with:
an output of at least 35 hp a lighter engine and a lover centre of gravity
to be named after his ten-year-old daughter, “Mercedes”
Mercedes Jellinek 1926: Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and Benz & Cie. merge to form Daimler-Benz AG.
1963: The Porsche 911, probably Germany's best known sports car, goes into production. (see [2])
19
That is true, a car is not a luxury…
An automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation
(The book “The Little Golden Calf” (1931) by Ilf and Petrov)
20
Automotive Requirements today…
Increase in electronics and software
Increased networking and complexity of functions
The triumphal march of the processors in modern cars is impressive!
For example: over 10 millions lines of code in Ampera, the hybrid model of Opel.
21
If computers were cars ... Microsoft vs. GM
If General Motors (GM) had kept up with technology like the computer industry has, we would all be driving twenty-five dollar cars that got 1,000 miles to the gallon.
Year 1998. At a recent computer expo (COMDEX), Bill Gates reportedly compared the computer industry with the auto industry and stated:
(see [3])
22
If computers were cars ... GM vs. Microsoft
In response to Bill’s comments, General Motors issued a press release stating (by Mr. Welch himself):
If General Motors (GM) had developed technology like Microsoft, we would all be driving cars with the following characteristics:
For no reason whatsoever your car would crash twice a day Every time they painted new lines on the road you would have to buy a new car Occasionally your car would die on the freeway for no reason, and you would just
accept this, restart and drive on Occasionally, executing a manoeuvre such as a left turn, would cause your car to
shut down and refuse to restart, in which case you would have to reinstall the engine
Only one person at a time could use the car, unless you bought “Car95″ or “CarNT”. But then you would have to buy more seats.
(The full version see [3])
23
What is the difference between application software and software for the car?
The infamous solution for all kinds of problems on your PC: Restart the computer!
It is unthinkable on the highway!
The SW-programs for the car must function reliably for years:
in heat and cold,
in dirt and moisture,
on a slippery surface and
pothole routes
The series cars are not test subjects!
The drivers are not guinea pigs!
(see [4])
But now seriously…
24
Need for a clear Requirements Specification
Requirements often documented with DOORS
The review process by the supplier typically based on SPICE
Process improvement based on SPICE
Special feature in the automotive industry
25
Automotive Requirements in History
Special feature in the automotive industry
Standardization in the automotive industry
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
26
Standardization in the automotive industry
I'm sorry, we only accept certified suppliers!
Automotive SPICE Level 3
27
Standardization in the automotive industry: SPICE
SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability
dEtermination) is the common name given to the 5th part of the ISO norm 15504.
SPICE consists of 48 process areas each comprising results (outcomes) and corresponding best practices (Base Practices) as well as further information such as advice and work products. These process areas cover all important elements of IT product development, they are ordered into different categories and are complementary. For each SPICE process area a defined Capability Level can be achieved.
What is SPICE?
28
What is Automotive SPICE®?
Automotive SPICE®: Improvement of IT development in the automotive industry
Along with SPICE, Automotive SPICE® has been developed by leading companies of the European automotive market.
Their goal was to adapt SPICE to the specific requirements of the automobile manufacturer in order to be able to assess their suppliers in a standard way.
For this purpose, 21 processes have been removed and 5 processes from the acquisition part of the ISO 12207 model have been added. The remaining processes, for the most part, represented a detailed description of existing professional practices.
The German automobile manufacturers Audi, BMW, DaimlerChrysler and VW agreed on a minimal subset of 15 processes, called Hersteller Initiative Software (HIS) Scope, which will be assessed by each manufacturer.
In the meantime, the HIS Scope of the Automotive SPICE® has been adopted by other industries as a starting point for process improvement and scope for assessments.
Standardization in the automotive industry:
Automotive SPICE®
29
HIS Automotive SPICE® Scope
(see [5])
30
Automotive SPICE®: HIS Structure (OEM initiative software)
(see [6])
31
Automotive SPICE®: Capability Levels
Level 0 Incomplete
Level 1 Performed
Level 2 Managed
Level 3 Established
Level 4 Predictable
Level 5 Optimizing
Our goal
Performance and results are incomplete, chaotic processes
Processes are intuitively performed, Input and output products are available
Process and work products are Managed, responsibilities identified
Predefined processes are deployed and tailored for specific use
Process measurement make process Performance and results controllable
Quantitative measures used for process innovation and optimisation
32
Status quo of the software development process is determined
The self-assessment is the focus
The major processes (first) improves
Quality improvement takes place through process improvement
Supplying company can be measured by its own standard
IMPORTANT: A major challenge in Automotive SPICE is to interpret the rules correctly and adapt to the specific problems in their own company.
Why Automotive SPICE®? Because:
33
Automotive SPICE & V-Modell
33
validation ENG.1
Rq Elicitation
ENG.6 SW/HW Construction / Modultest
verification
ENG.7 SW/HW Integration
ENG.3 System Archit. Design
ENG.2 System Rq Analysis
ENG.4 SW/HW Rq Analysis
ENG.5 SW/HW Design
ENG.8 SW/HW Testing
ENG.10 System Testing
ENG.9 System Integration
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - OEM
Supplier
34
HIS Exchange Process for Requirements
(see [7])
35
Automotive Requirements in Historie
Special feature in the automotive industry
Standardization in the automotive industry
Requirements Specification Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
36
Customer Specification (Lastenheft) Process: ENG.1
37
Specification Agreement Process: ENG.1 & ENG.2
DOORS DOORS
OEM Supplier
CRS SyRS
In German, there is a clear distinction between Lastenheft (literally, “demand booklet”, CRS) and Pflichtenheft (“duty booklet”, SyRS).
Problem space: the customers provide the first document, which defines what they want (the customer demands)
Solution space: the contractors provide the second document, which explains how they’ll build the system (the contractor duties).
38
CRS (Lastenheft) and SyRS (Pflichtenheft) in DOORS
39
CRS –Analyse in DOORS
40
Automotiv Requirements in Historie
Special feature in the automotive industrie
Standardization in the automotive industry
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
41
The IEEE-610 Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology
defines traceability as:
the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products of the development process;
the ability to describe and follow the life of a requirement, in both a forward and backward direction.
Why Bi-Directional Traceability is required?
Bi-Directional Traceability contains both Forward & Backward Traceability:
forward traceability is from requirements to design to code to testcases;
backward traceability is on the reverse direction , that the end product has met
the requirements or not.
It is very difficult to do this traceability without tool
Traceability
What is Traceability?
42
Specification Process: Traceability concept
CRS
SyRS
SyArch
SRS
SArch Board Layout
MechRS Logistic TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
HRS
CAD
Requirement 1+
1+ satisfies verifies
43
Specification Process: Be-Traceability
CRS SRS TS
CRS C
44
Traceability Analyse in IBM DOORS
Traceability matrix
45
Automotiv Requirements in Historie
Special feature in the automotive industrie
Standardization in the automotive industry:
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
46
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
What is DOORS?
is a Software:
for capturing requirements and specification contents
for creation of large system descriptions / customer requirements
Name definition: Dynamic Object Orientated Requirement Software
Beginning at DASA / EADS (1997)
Software manufacturer is IBM formet Telelogic
More than 700 companies worldwide
More than 1 Mio. sold licensis (IBM)
DOORS® is used by well know companies:
DOORS® is De-facto standard in the automotive industry
47
Only in DOORS a „chapter“/text can be connected with additional any attributs (Creator, history, valid for type, etc…)
Unique identification of requirements
Only in DOORS a „cell“ can contains any long text (more than in Excel)
DOORS have more than 65535 rows
DOORS has views. Personal Views of the data.
Right access down to a singel cell. In word only for the whole document
Versioning in modul/document without manipulation chance
History about all objects. Changes are traceable.
Access to DOORS ALWAYS over server. No local working copies Always one valid stand
Categorising of data not about formatting, but about specific choosen information.
There is never a perfect tool for your organization… But there is always a better tool than Word!
Conclusion: Why even DOORS? It will be better with …
48
Automotiv Requirements in Historie
Special feature in the automotive industry
Standardization in the automotive industry
Specification Agreement Process
Traceability
RM-Tool: IBM DOORS
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
Agenda
49
Prerequisites for successful cooperation:
Convince employees and benefit make plausible
Select the method to the activities and tasks
Finding the means and tools to support process
Carry out training for convenient methods and tools
Continuous tracking of the project and the processes
From the Praxis: SMR & XTRONIC Cooperation
50
From the Praxis – for the Praxis: Live Demo
Doors
51
Thank you for your attension! Questions?
51
52
The car.
Did you know?
Pioneer of the car: Bertha Benz – was a pioneer for the spreading of the motorized vehicles
1888: The first long distance journey in the Benz Patent Motor Car, at the same time the first promotional tour and the first continuous stress test has been in the history of the car, undertook a woman - Bertha Benz; the breakthrough of the new, revolutionary German invention succeeded in France thanks to a woman – Louise Sarazin; the first person who passed a driving licence check was a woman – Herzogin Anne d’Uzès. She got, by the way, also the first penal mandate for too quick driving; and the first person who drove by the car around the world, was, exactly, a woman – Clärenore Stinnes.
Not only - the woman too!
Women were the first - that drove away
(see [8])
The man.
53
Thank you very much for your attension!
53
54
Sources list
http://www.spiegel.de/karriere/berufsstart/auto-industrie-informatiker-dringend-gesucht-a-859701.html
http://www.bw-invest.de/en/home/market-overview/sectors/mobility/automative-manufacturers-and-suppliers/the-automotive-industry-in-baden-wuerttemberg.html
[1]
[2]
http://www.germany.travel/fi/erikoisuudet/autojen-luvattu-maa/historiaa/historiaa.html http://jokes4all.net/joke_1564.html [3]
[4]
http://portal.automotive-his.de/images/pdf/ProcessAssessment/his_process-scope_automotivespice_v01.pdf
[5]
[6]
http://portal.automotive-his.de/images/pdf/Steuerkreis/his_praesentation_2007_v13.pdf
[7]
http://portal.automotive-his.de/images/pdf/SimulationandTools/his_ak-re-rm_exchange_process-1.2_en.pdf
http://www.campushunter.de/dwn/regional/sommer_2011/campushunter_stuttgart.pdf
[8]
55
Picture credits
http://www.emercedesbenz.com/Images/Apr08/17_History_Of_Mercedes_Benz_And_Three_Pointed_Star/437205_715473_2599_3500_13974_CL0421.jpg
http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRiVZnskNqfMsXIYnp8OaQLaqhzCDn5kNP9SGaLMMNhewZmjPYUjcWX-FAy
http://branchenknecht.de/grafiken/Baden-Wuerttemberg.jpg
http://www.welpen.de/urlaub_hund/b16.gif
http://www.porsche.com/microsite/panamera-platinum-edition/assets/images/background-splash/background/1.jpg
http://www.wipro.com/images/industries/automotive-electronics.gif
56
Picture credits
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jslzgmDC-Zw/TfkvozRkEpI/AAAAAAAAcmA/VUtKjmIMpfs/s640/comdex-2.bmp
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_lJj15zBuJQE/So1nj4fv-pI/AAAAAAAAHhI/4vc73Jp6YHo/s400/Fight.jpg
http://www.sqi.gu.edu.au/spice/images/Logos/spice_logo.gif
http://www.elektronikpraxis.vogel.de/imgserver/bdb/172500/172573/4.jpg
57
www.xtronic.de
Magstadt (Hauptsitz)
XTRONIC GmbH Blumenstraße 44 71106 Magstadt Fon +49 (0) 7159 / 420 842-0 Fax +49 (0) 7159 / 420 842-101
München
XTRONIC GmbH Frankfurter Ring 162 80807 München Fon +49 (0) 89 / 326 001 10 Fax +49 (0) 89 / 326 001 29
Wolfsburg
XTRONIC GmbH John-F.-Kennedy-Allee 64 38444 Wolfsburg Fon +49 (0) 5361 / 891 85 38 Fax +49 (0) 5361 / 891 85 39
Kontakt XTRONIC GmbH
