Republic of Texas Notes:Chapter 9

Warm-up December 10, 2012 What challenges did the interim Texas

President David Burnet face? How were the relations between their

Republic of Texas and its neighbors the US and Mexico?

What challenges did the Republic face internally?

December 11, 2012 Why did Mirabeau Lamar move the capital to

Austin? Why did Lamar want Santa Fe to join the

Republic? What was Lamar’s policy toward the

Cherokees and the Comanche's?

Warm-up December 12, 2013 What problems did Houston face during the

second term as president? Why did people of Austin prevent the

movement of the government documents during the archive war?

What happened to the men of the Mier expedition?

Warm-up December 13, 2013 What was the most pressing issue of Anson

Jones's presidency? What were the arguments for and against

Texas joining the Union? What were the key points of the Joint

Resolution of 1845?

Warm-up December 16, 2013 What were the main reason people moved to

the Republic of Texas? What goods and services were available in

Texas towns? What was the name of the first college

established in Texas?

Warm-up December 17, 2013 Explain each of the following terms:

Joint Resolution Annexation Archives Revival Cabinet

Explain the difference between Foreign and Domestic policy.

Campaign poster

Houston, Jones, or Lamar

List the accomplishments Leadership Qualities

Experience Personality

Section 1: How many senators and representatives

were elected for the Texas government? Who became the new president of Texas?

& the vice president? Where was the new capital of Texas? What were Sam Houston’s 2 foreign policy

goals? What 2 questions were on the election

ballot? Why did some Americans oppose Texas

becoming a part of the US? What were Houston’s 3 domestic policies?

Section 2: Who was the president of Texas in

1838? Where did Lamar move the capital to? What did Sam Houston think of this

new capital? What were Lamar’s foreign policies? What were Lamar’s domestic policies? Why did support for Lamar decrease

by the end of his term?

Section 3: Who was the 3rd president of Texas? What 4

challenges did he face during his presidency? How did Houston plan to cut government

spending? What did the peace treaty between Houston and

the Indians say? What was the Archives War? What was the Battle of Salado Creek? What was the Somervell’s expedition? What was the Mier expedition? Why did some people in the US change their

minds about TX joining the Union?

Section 4: Who was Sam Houston’s successor for the

President of Texas in 1844? Name the arguments for and against

annexation. Besides Annexation what issues did Anson

Jones face as president of Texas? What was Anson Jones nickname? What was the Treaty of 1844? What was the Joint Resolution of 1845? What were Mexico’s terms for Texas being

a recognized as independent?

The New Texas Government under Sam Houston: Congress consists of 14 senators and 29

representatives Sam Houston is the President and Mirabeau

Lamar is Vice President in 1836 A temporary capitol is Columbia, a small

town near the mouth of the Brazos River, until it is moved to Houston.

Houston’s Foreign Policies: He wanted Texas to be recognized as an

independent state. He wanted to avoid any further conflict with

Mexico.

The Election ballot of 1836: It asked Texans to ratify the Constitution of

1836 It asked Texans to favor annexation by the US Voters said yes to both items. Many people in the US did not want Texas to

join them for a number of reasons. (they wanted to avoid conflict with MX and did not want another slave state added)

Relations with Mexico: Mexico rejected the Treaty of Velasco and the

border lines at the Rio Grande River. Houston sent Santa Anna to the US to discuss

the situation. Santa Anna offered to sell TX to the US but they refused because that meant that TX still belonged to MX. Santa Anna left the US and retired from politics.

Houston’s Domestic Policies: He wanted to gain control of the army Keep peace in Texas with the Natives Put the Republic of Texas on solid financial

grounds

Lamar’s Presidency: He became president in 1838 He moved the capital to a small settlement

called Waterloo near the Colorado River In 1839 a new building was built and they

named the town Austin after SFA.

Lamar’s Foreign Policies: He wanted peace but would go to war if needed.

He offered to pay MX $5 million to recognize TX as independent and set the Rio Grande as the border. MX refused the deal

He did not want to join the US but did want TX to be recognized as an independent state & open trade with US. In 1839 France recognized TX as independent followed

by Great Britain, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Santa Fe Expedition: Lamar tried to convince Santa Fe & eastern New

Mexico to join Texas. He wanted to expand TX to the Pacific Ocean.

He thought the people would want to be free from MX rule.

He sent an expedition to the area the men got lost on the way, but when they finally made it there, they were not welcomed.

They were arrested and taken to Mexico City.

Lamar’s Domestic Policies: Create a public school system & a 1st class university

in TX Land was sold for public schools and UT He became known as the “Father of Education”

Strengthen the armed forces (Army & Navy) He bought 6 warships = Texas Navy He fired all Houston’s army and built a new one

Remove all Indians from the frontier He fought the Cherokee Indians and drove them out of

Texas, leaving much of East TX to be settled. He printed paper money help the economy

Houston’s 2nd term as president: In 1842 he faces several problems during his 2nd

term: Indian attacks on the frontier

A peace treaty w/ the Caddo Indians and later other tribes

Conflict with MX A poor economy

Some govt workers were fired, salaries were cut & the armies size was cut to help reduce spending

A weak TX dollar

Archives War: Houston was afraid that MX would come and

try to take archives from Austin so he ordered the movement of these documents to Houston.

Many Texans feared he would try to move the capitol as well, so they fought the men moving the archives and forced them to return the documents to Austin.

The Battle of Salado Creek: MX invaded and captured SA to prove that TX could

not control all the territory to the Rio Grande. Texans gathered at the creek, some hiding and others

went into SA to draw out the Mexicans. The Mexicans came out and the Texans trapped the

Mexicans in an open field. The Texans drove out the Mexicans, 1 Texan died,

several Mexicans died.

Somervell’s Expedition: Houston sent General Alexander S. Somervell

to make sure the Mexicans left TX. His men took the town of Laredo

Houston then told them to invade MX if they could win.

Somervell did not think he could win so he withdrew to Gonzales

The Mier Expedition: 300 of Somervell’s men did not want to leave so

they chose William Fisher as their leader and invaded MX at the town of Mier.

They did not do well and surrendered. The men were marched to the town of Saltillo. Some men escaped but many were recaptured.

Santa Anna ordered the execution of 10% of the men by the Black Bean method (if you drew a black bean you were to be killed).

17 men were killed out of 176 captured.

Anson Jones’s Presidency: Became the president of TX in 1844 He continued many of Houston’s policies. He worked for the annexation of TX

(nicknamed Architect of Annexation )and worked hard to get MX to recognize TX as independent.

Annexation of Texas: FOR annexation because of the threat from

MX, Texas’ large debt & family ties to the US

AGAINST annexation because there would not be an even balance of slave vs. non-slave states, Texas debt, & the US was not doing well money wise.

The Treaty of 1844: It stated that TX was a territory of the US, TX

had to give up all of its public lands, US had to pay off TX debt.

It did not get approved by the US due to a 35- 16 vote.

The Joint Resolution of 1845: TX would join the US as a state after its

people approved a constitution. TX would keep its public lands but sell them

to get money to pay off their debt. TX could divide into as many as 5 states if

they wanted TX was a slave state

Mexico offers recognition: MX agrees to recognize TX as independent

only if TX refuses annexation by the US

Section Five Explain how the Empressario system had a lasting

influence on the Republic of Texas. What is the main reason people moved to Texas? Describe the ways Texans used their land. Ranching was a hard way life, why? Describe a revival and how it was used to spread faith. How did people in the Republic of Texas Make a living? What is the connection between religion and higher

education in Texas?

Empressarios The empressario system sped up the

settlement of the Republic of Texas by paying land agents to settle people on the land. Empressarios brought thousands of settlers to Texas and established several towns.

People typically moved to Texas because of the abundance of cheap land.

Farmers Farmers used most of their land to raise cattle

and hogs, gather firewood, and hunt game. Some of it was used to grow corn to feed people and farm animals. Some land was also used for vegetables, and fruit, or cash crops.

Ranching There was often more cattle than people in the

Republic of Texas wanted to buy. (Remember no refrigeration systems…) Thieves, drought, and disease could easily wipe out entire herds.

Religion Religious groups held revivals, published new

papers; built schools; and sent traveling preachers to towns, farms and ranches.

Religious groups also built the first colleges in Texas.

Most people People made their living in the countryside as

farmers and ranchers, because land was cheap in Texas. Farmers could raise cash crops to sell on the market. Ranchers could sell or trade their cattle and wool.

decimation

Write a letter You have grown up and moved from the

northern US to the Republic of Texas. Using facts from section five of chapter 9, write a letter to your family back in the US explaining what the Republic is like and what kind of job you have.

Vocabulary Quiz Put your name on your quiz, after finishing

your vocabulary quiz put your finished quiz in the tray, pick up a review from the table and begin working on it.