Reproductive SystemReproductive System

Male and femaleMale and female

Produce offspringProduce offspring

Male reproductive systemMale reproductive system

Testes Testes – Primary sex organPrimary sex organ– Surrounded by scrotumSurrounded by scrotum– Produce spermProduce sperm

Haploid Haploid

Head with chromosomes is the only part that Head with chromosomes is the only part that penetrates eggpenetrates egg

– Secrete testosteroneSecrete testosterone

Other organsOther organs

EpididymisEpididymis– Small threadlike tube on the outside of the Small threadlike tube on the outside of the

testistestis– Immotile sperm mature and grow their flagella Immotile sperm mature and grow their flagella

herehere

Vas Deferens – tube that connects Vas Deferens – tube that connects epididymis to the urethraepididymis to the urethra

Seminal vesicleSeminal vesicle– Adds fluid with an alkaline pHAdds fluid with an alkaline pH– Adds fructose for food for the spermAdds fructose for food for the sperm

Prostate glandProstate gland– Adds an additional alkaline secretion Adds an additional alkaline secretion

Bulbourethral gland Bulbourethral gland – Secretes a mucus like fluid that is addedSecretes a mucus like fluid that is added

Semen – the combination of the sperm Semen – the combination of the sperm and all the fluids added to it that the and all the fluids added to it that the urethra conveys out of the bodyurethra conveys out of the body

PenisPenis

Contains urethraContains urethra

Cavernosa tissues become engorged with Cavernosa tissues become engorged with blood, cause it to become erectblood, cause it to become erect

Glans penis is the tip which contains most Glans penis is the tip which contains most of the sensory nerve endingsof the sensory nerve endings

Foreskin which covers the glans is often Foreskin which covers the glans is often removed at birth - circumcisionremoved at birth - circumcision

Male secondary sex characteristicsMale secondary sex characteristics

Body and facial hairBody and facial hair

Voice becomes lower as vocal cords Voice becomes lower as vocal cords thickenthicken

Skin thickensSkin thickens

Muscular growth increasesMuscular growth increases

Bones thickenBones thicken

Female reproductive systemFemale reproductive systemOvariesOvaries– Primary sex organPrimary sex organ– Follicles contain maturing eggsFollicles contain maturing eggs– Ovulation – release of eggOvulation – release of egg– Secrete estrogen and progesteroneSecrete estrogen and progesterone

Fallopian tubes (oviducts, uterine tubes)Fallopian tubes (oviducts, uterine tubes)– Egg travels down these toward the uterusEgg travels down these toward the uterus– Fertilization actually happens hereFertilization actually happens here– Ectopic pregnancy – egg implants outside the Ectopic pregnancy – egg implants outside the

uterusuterus

UterusUterus

Muscular organ where fertilized egg Muscular organ where fertilized egg implantsimplants

Has a blood rich lining to support the fetusHas a blood rich lining to support the fetus

Starts out the size of a pear, but can grow Starts out the size of a pear, but can grow 20 times its original size20 times its original size

Lower end is the cervix, extends into Lower end is the cervix, extends into vaginavagina

VaginaVagina– Fibromuscular tube that receives the penis Fibromuscular tube that receives the penis

and semen, also the birth canaland semen, also the birth canal

Labia (lips) external fleshy genitaliaLabia (lips) external fleshy genitalia– Labia majora – encloses and protects other Labia majora – encloses and protects other

organs, organs, – Labia minora – flattened longitudinal folds Labia minora – flattened longitudinal folds

along the edge of the vaginal openingalong the edge of the vaginal opening

ClitorisClitoris– Located anterior to urethral and vaginal Located anterior to urethral and vaginal

openingsopenings– Analogous to penis, same type of erectile Analogous to penis, same type of erectile

tissue and nerve endingstissue and nerve endings

Secondary sex characteristicsSecondary sex characteristics

Development of breasts and mammary Development of breasts and mammary glandsglands

Increased deposition of adipose tissueIncreased deposition of adipose tissue

Increased vascularization of the skin, esp Increased vascularization of the skin, esp during pregnancyduring pregnancy

Menstrual cycle – the periodic shedding of Menstrual cycle – the periodic shedding of the lining of the uterus. 28 day cycle on the lining of the uterus. 28 day cycle on averageaverage

Menopause – the cessation of Menopause – the cessation of menstruation; usually irregular for a few menstruation; usually irregular for a few years before it stops completely. Ovulation years before it stops completely. Ovulation can be random during this period.can be random during this period.