Reproduction in Human and PlantsReproduction in Human and Plants

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MMale Reproductive Systemale Reproductive SystemMMale Reproductive Systemale Reproductive System

Testis

Penis

Sperm duct

Bladder

Urethra

Scrotum

Ovary

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina

Oviduct (or Fallopian tube)

Female Reproductive Female Reproductive SystemSystem

http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/sexuality/human-reproduction10.htmhttp://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/sexuality/human-reproduction10.htm

Egg & Sperm

From fertilised egg to From fertilised egg to babybaby

Umbilical cord

Umbilical cord carries blood between the placenta and the foetus.

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PlacentaPlacenta is an organ that connects the developing foetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient nutrient uptake, waste uptake, waste elimination, and elimination, and gas exchange gas exchange via the mother's via the mother's blood supplyblood supply.

HeredityHeredityGenes are segments of DNA and they are Genes are segments of DNA and they are codes for proteins. The genes controlcodes for proteins. The genes control the the characteristics or traits which are passed characteristics or traits which are passed from one generation to another.from one generation to another. Some inherited traits are controlled by a single gene. The following are some examples:Tongue-rollingTongue-rollingDetached/attached ear lobesDetached/attached ear lobesWidow’s peakWidow’s peak

HeredityHereditySome inherited traits are controlled by a single gene. The following are some examples:

Hitchhiker’s thumbHitchhiker’s thumbThumb-crossingThumb-crossing

Dimples

Reproduction in PlantsReproduction in PlantsMale part(stamen)

Female part(pistil)

Anther (produce pollen grains)

Filament

Stigma

Ovary

Ovule(contain female reproductive cell)

The pollen grain contains the male reproductive cell. When the anther is mature, it splits open to release the powder-like pollen grains.

PollinationPollination

http://www.mbgnet.net/bioplants/pollination.html

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a anther to a

stigmastigma.

The Fertilisation StoryThe Fertilisation StoryThe Fertilisation StoryThe Fertilisation StoryA pollen grain lands on a stigma. It

produces a narrow tube called a pollen tube which grows down the style

towards an ovule in the ovary. When the pollen tube reaches the ovule, the

nucleus of a male reproductive cell from the pollen tube fuses with the nucleus of the female reproductive cell in the ovule

to form a zygotezygote.

After fertilisation, After fertilisation, the the zygotezygote divides divides rapidly and develops into an rapidly and develops into an embryoembryo

within the ovulewithin the ovule. .

The The ovuleovule develops into a develops into a seedseed. .

The The ovaryovary, which may contain many , which may contain many ovules, develops into a ovules, develops into a fruitfruit..

Seed DispersalSeed DispersalMethod of dispersal

Examples of plants

Animals Mango, berry, papaya, date, burdock, mimosa, love grass

Wind Angsana, shorea, sycamore, dandelion, maple, cattail, lalang, milkweed, African tulip (with splitting), kapok (with splitting)

Water Coconut, pong pong, mangrove, lotus, water lily, nipah

Splitting Flame of the forest, lady’s finger, saga, kapok (with wind dispersal), African tulip (with wind dispersal)

Splitting Forcefully

Rubber, balsam

Seed GerminationSeed Germination

Germination is the process in which Germination is the process in which

a seed starts to develop into a a seed starts to develop into a seedling. seedling.

A seed starts to germinate whenA seed starts to germinate when

its radicle (primary its radicle (primary rootroot) ) emergesemerges

through the seed coat, through the seed coat,

followed by the shoot. followed by the shoot.

Seed GerminationSeed Germination

Conditions: Presence of Conditions: Presence of waterwater and and oxygenoxygen, and , and temperaturetemperature..

WaterWater is needed to is needed to break the seed coatbreak the seed coat and and start the metabolism and growth of the seed.start the metabolism and growth of the seed.

OxygenOxygen is needed for is needed for respirationrespiration. .

TemperatureTemperature affects the affects the metabolism and metabolism and growthgrowth of the seed. of the seed.

Seed GerminationSeed GerminationDifferent types of seeds require different

temperatures to start germinating. Most prefer it warmMost prefer it warm, while some prefer

it cold or freezing.

Most types of seeds do not need lightdo not need light to germinate as they have

food stored in the seed leaf/seed leaves and

do not need to carry out do not need to carry out photosynthesisphotosynthesis.