Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

• _____ Parent• No union of gametes• Offspring genetically _______ to parents (“clone”)• Offspring results from _________ cell division• Don’t need to search for mate• No special reproductive cells or organs needed• Used in many protists, simple animals and many

plants

Binary Fission

• Parent organism divides in half by mitosis

• Cytoplasm ____________

• Ex: bacteria, algae, protozoa

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9DNWcqxI4&safe=active

• Remember the Phases of Mitosis?– # of chromosomes in parent and daughter

cells is the same• Interphase• Prophase• _________• Anaphase• Telophase

Animal vs. Plant Cell Mitosis

• Cancer

• Uncontrolled rapid mitotic cell division

Budding• Parent organism ______

____________________• Cytoplasm __________

divided• New individuals develop

as a small outgrowth or bud in outer surface of organism

• Ex: yeast, hydra

Sporulation

• Single specialized cells produced by one parent germinate and grow

• Ex: – __________, _________

Regeneration• Ability of an organism to

re-grow lost body parts

• Usually found in __________ that have more undifferentiated cells than vertebrates

• Ex: – Planeria cut in half,

starfish, earthworm, lizard can escape from predator by losing its tail when caught

Asexual Plant Reproduction

– Most plants reproduce sexually using seeds– Many also reproduce asexually by means of

roots, stems and leaves– This is called _________________________

• Creates new plants genetically _______ to parent

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drcnTg7ZCoc&safe=active

Bulbs• Enlarged

underground stems

• Small new bulbs will sprout along side of main bulb and ____________

• Ex: daffodils, tulips, onions, garlic

Tubers

• Enlarged part of underground stems

• Have “___” which are tiny buds

• Ex: potatoes– If potato is cutup,

each new piece containing an eye can develop into a new plant

Runners• Stems that grow

sideways _____ the ground

• Where it touches ground, roots grow, creating a new plant

• Ex: strawberry

Rhizomes

• Stem grows sideways _____________

• Enlarged areas called _______ produce buds that grow upwards to form new plants

• Ex: bamboo, ginger

Artificial Vegetative Propagation

• Allow farmers to grow plants with desired traits exactly like parent and faster than from seeds

• Helpful is quickly propagating plants with a __________________– Ex: Can produce different varieties of

apples from the same tree

• Plants bearing ____________ can only be propagated this way– Ex: seedless oranges and watermelons

• Cuttings: – _____, _____ or ____

used to produce new individual

– Ex: African violets

• Layering: – stem bent over _____________ and develop

roots

• Grafting: – remove stem or bud

from one plant and ___

___________________

________– “Scion” as attached to

“stock” plant but keeps it’s own genetic characteristics

• Vegetative Propagation: Asexual Plant Reproduction

• http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/asexual-plant-reproduction-vegetative-propagation-and-bulbs.html

• Asexual Reproduction Song• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7I0mw4ZDJ

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