Reported Speech Para Javiera

7/29/2019 Reported Speech Para Javiera

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It is one way of relating what a person has said.In direct speech we repeat the original speakersexact words

I am going to Oxford with my parentstomorrow, Ben said.

The remark is placed between inverted commas anda comma appears immediately before the remark.

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We give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, butwithout necessarily using the speakers exact words.

Ben said (that) he was going to Oxford with his

parents the following day.Quotation marks disappear. There is no comma afterthe introductory verb (say/ask/tell).

When we turn direct speech into indirect, somechanges are usually necessary.

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When we report a statement, a question or any

other type of sentence, the following changes take

Place:1. VERB TENSES

2. TIME EXPRESSIONS

3. PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

4. OTHER CHANGES

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Present Simple

Present Continuous Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Simple

Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple

1. VERB TENSESWhen the introductory verb is in the past, the verb in directspeech changes into the corresponding past tense in

reported speech.

DIREC T SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

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Past Simple

Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Cont. /No change No change

No change

Conditional Simple


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MODALS IN REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

WILL

SHALLMAY

MUST

CAN

WOULD

SHOULDMIGHT

MUST/HAD TO

COULD

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NOTE:

COULD, MIGHT, WOULD, SHOULD remain

unchanged in reported speechMUST remains the same when it expresses possibility ordeduction. When it expresses obligation, we canchange it into MUST or HAD TO.

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2. TIME EXPRESSIONS

DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

NOW

TODAY, TONIGHT THIS WEEK/MONTH/YEAR

YESTERDAY

LAST NIGHT/WEEK

TOMORROW NEXT WEEK/MONTH

TWO DAYS/MONTHS AGO

THEN

THAT DAY, THAT NIGHT THAT WEEK/MONTH/..

THE DAY BEFORE

THE PREVIOUS NIGHT/WEEK

THE FOLLOWING DAY THE FOLLOWING WEEK/

TWO DAYS/MONTHS.. BEFORE

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3. PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

They change according to the context

Iwill lend you our car, Bill said.

Bill said (that) he would lend me their car.

He hasjust arrived, I said.I told them he had just arrived.

4. OTHER CHANGES

THIS/THESE THAT /THOSE

HERE THERE

COME GO

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A. STATEMENTS

INTRODUCTORY VERBSSAY TELL

SAY + THAT

I have been working sincethis morning, she said.

She said (that) she had beenworking since that morning

SAY + TO + OBJECT

She said to me that she hadbeen working since thatmorning

TELL + OBJECT

I have been working sincethis morning, she said.

She told me that she hadbeen working since thatmorning.

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STRUCTURE

SUBJECT + SAID + (TO+OBJ) + (THAT) + SUBJ. +VERB

SUBJECT + TOLD + OBJECT + (THAT) + SUBJ+ VERB

I know her, Richard said.Richard said (that) he knew her.

They will never speak to you again, Rachel said to herhusband.

Rachel said to her husband that they would never speakto him again.

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B. QUESTIONS

1)INTRODUCTORY VERBSASK, WANT TO KNOW, WONDER, INQUIRE

2) The question mark is omitted

3) The word order is the same as the one in a statementWhere do you live? she said.

She asked me where I lived.

Did she buy a coat at the sales? Bruce said.

Bruce asked them if she had bought a coat at thesales.

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B.1. WH- QUESTIONS

STRUCTURE:

SUBJECT + ASKED + OBJECT + WH WORD + SUBJ +

VERB +How old is he? he asked me.

He asked me how old he was.

Where did he go last night? Milly said.

Milly asked them where he had gone the previousnight/ the night before.

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B. 2. YES/NO QUESTIONS

STRUCTURE:SUBJECT+ ASKED + OBJECT+ IF/WHETHER + SUBJECT +

VERB

Doyou know what time it is? his mother said.

His mother wanted to know if he knew what time it wasDoyou want to go by air or sea? the travel agent asked.

The travel agent asked me whether I wanted to go by air orsea

Note: We useWHETHERwhen a choice has to be made orwhen there is a conditional sentence in the question.

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C. ORDERS AND COMMANDS

INTRODUCTORY VERBS:TELL, ORDER, WARN

STRUCTURE:

(+) SUBJECT + TOLD/ORDERED + OBJECT + TO

INFINITIVE + .Be quiet! the teacher said.

The teacher ordered the students to be quiet.

(-) SUBJECT + TOLD/ORDERED + OBJECT + NOT TO+ INFINITIVE

Dont open the door, his mother said.

His mother told him not to open the door.

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D. SUGGESTIONSDIRECT SPEECH

A) Lets have lunch together tomorrow, she said.

B) Whydont we have lunch together tomorrow,? she

said.C) How/What about having lunch together tomorrow?

she said.

D) Shall we have lunch together tomorrow? she said.

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REPORTED SPEECH

STRUCTURE:

SUBJECT + SUGGESTED + VERB-ING

She suggested having lunch together thefollowing day.

SUBJECT + SUGGESTED + SUBJECT 2 + SHOULD +BARE INFINITIVE

She suggested that they should have lunchtogether the following day.

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E. ADVICE

DIRECT SPEECH

If I were you, I would give up smoking, she said to

them.You had better give up smoking, she said to them.

Whydont you give up smoking? she said to them.

You should /ought to give up smoking, she said to

them.

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REPORTED SPEECHSTRUCTURE:

SUBJECT + ADVISED + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE +

She advised them to give up smoking.

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F. OFFERS AND REQUESTSDIRECT SPEECH

Will /Can/Could/Would you help me carry these bags,please? she said.

Shall I help you carry these bags? he said.

Would you like to go to the cinema? they said.REPORTED SPEECH

STRUCTURE:

SUBJ+ OFFERED/ASKED+ OBJECT + TO-INFINITIVE

She asked me to help her carry the bags.

She offered to carry the bags for me.

They invited me to go to the cinema.

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REPORTING A DIALOGUE OR A CONVERSATION

In conversations we use a mixture of sentences

(statements, questions, orders, suggestions.).When weturn into reported speech, we useAND, AS, ADDING

THAT, AND HE /SHE ADDED THAT, EXPLAINING

THAT, BECAUSE, BUT, SINCE, AND THEN HE/SHE

WENT ON TO SAY, WHILE, THEN

Words or expressions such as Oh, Oh dear, Well , etc are

omitted in reported speech.

We can also use the corresponding introductory verb in

the present participle (-ing)

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EXAMPLE

DIRECTSPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

Oh, this is a very nice dress, she

said. How much does it cost?

Icant buy it, she said. Icant

afford it.

Shall I help you? he said. We

can work on it together.

She remarked/exclaimed that

that was a very nice dress and

she asked how much it cost.

she said she couldnt buy it,

explaining that she couldnt

afford it.He offered to help me,

suggesting that we could work

on it together.

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Reported Speech Para Javiera