Part I – Drainage Systems.

701.0 Materials.701.1 Drainage Piping. Materials for drainage pipingshall be in accordance with one of the referenced standardsin Table 7–1 701.1 except that:(1) 701.1.1 No galvanized wrought-iron or galvanized

steel pipe shall be used underground and shall be keptnot less than six (6) inches (152 mm) above ground.

(2) 701.1.2 ABS and PVC DWV piping installations shallbe installed in accordance with applicable standardsreferenced in Table 14-1 1401.1 and Chapter 15“Firestop Protection.” Except for individual single-family dwelling units, materials exposed within ductsor plenums shall have a flame-spread index of amaximum of twenty-five (25) and a smoke-developedindex of a maximum fifty (50), when where tested inaccordance with the Test for Surface-Burning Charac-teristics of the Building Materials. (See the BuildingCode standards based on ASTM E84 and UL 723).

(3) 701.1.3 No vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall be usedabove ground or where pressurized by a pump orejector. They shall be kept not less than twelve (12)inches (305 mm) belowground.

(4) 701.1.4 Copper tube for drainage and ventpiping shall have a weight of not less than thatof copper drainage tube type DWV.

(5) 701.1.5 Stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall notbe installed underground and shall be kept not less thansix (6) inches (152 mm) above ground.

(6) 701.1.6 Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings shall be listedand tested to comply in accordance with standardsreferenced in Table 14-1 1401.1. Such pipe and fittingsshall be marked with country of origin and identifica-tion of the original manufacturer in addition to anymarkings required by referenced standards.

701.2 Drainage Fittings. Materials for drainage fittingsshall be in accordance with the applicable standards refer-enced in Table 7-1 701.1 of the same diameter as the pipingserved, and such fittings shall be compatible with the typeof pipe used.

701.2.1 Screwed Pipe. Fittings on screwed pipeshall be of the recessed drainage type. Burred endsshall be reamed to the full bore of the pipe.701.2.2 Threads. The threads of drainage fittingsshall be tapped so as to allow one-fourth (1⁄4) inch perfoot (20.8 mm/m) grade.701.2.3 Type. Fittings used for drainage shall be ofthe drainage type, have a smooth interior water-way,and be constructed so as to allow one-fourth (1⁄4) inchper foot (20.8 mm/m) grade.

701.3 Lead. See Table 14-1 1401.1. Sheet lead shall benot less than the following:

(1) For safe pans – not less than four (4) pounds per squarefoot lb/ft2 (19.5 19 kg/m2) or one-sixteenth (1⁄16) of aninch (1.6 mm) thick.

(2) For flashings or vent terminals – not less than three 3pounds per square foot lb/ft2 (14.6 15 kg/m2) or 0.0472inches (1.2 mm) thick.

(3) Lead bends and lead traps shall be not less than one-eighth (1⁄8) of an inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness.

701.4 Ferrules and Bushings.701.4.1 Caulking Ferrules. Caulking ferrules shallbe manufactured from bronze or copper and shall be inaccordance with Table 7-2 (a) 701.4.1.701.4.2 Soldering Bushings. Soldering bushingsshall be of bronze or copper in accordance with Table7-2(b) 701.4.2.

131UNIFORM PLUMBING CODE

PIPE SIZE(inches)

INSIDEDIAMETER(inches)

LENGTH(inches)

MINIMUM WEIGHT EACHlb. (pounds) oz. (ounces)

2 21/4 41/2 1 03 31/4 41/2 1 124 41/4 41/2 2 8

Pipe Size(mm)

Inside Diam-eter (mm) Length (mm) Minimum Weight Each

(kg)

50 57 114 0.45480 83 114 0.790100 108 114 1.132

PIPESIZE

(inches)

MINIMUM WEIGHTEACH

lb. (pounds) oz. (ounces)

PIPESIZE

(inches)

MINIMUM WEIGHTEACH

lb. (pounds) oz. (ounces)

11⁄4 0 6 21⁄2 1 611⁄2 0 8 3 2 02 0 14 4 3 8

Pipe Size(mm)

MinimumWeight Each

(kg)Pipe Size(mm)

Minimum Weight Each(kg)

32 0.168 65 0.62240 0.224 80 0.90850 0.392 100 1.586

CHAPTER 7SANITARY DRAINAGE

TABLE 7-2(a) 701.4.1CAULKING FERRULES

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 pound = 0.451 kg, 1 ounce = 0.02834 Kg

Caulking Ferrules (Metric)

TABLE 7-2(b) 701.4.2SOLDERING BUSHINGS

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 pound = 0.451 kg, 1 ounce = 0.02834 Kg

Soldering Bushings (Metric)

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MATERIALUNDERGROUNDDRAIN, WASTE,VENT PIPE AND

FITTINGS

ABOVE GROUNDDRAIN, WASTE,VENT PIPE AND

FITTINGS

BUILDING SEWERPIPE ANDFITTINGS

REFERENCEDSTANDARD(S) PIPE

REFERENCEDSTANDARD(S)FITTINGS

ABS (Schedule 40) X X X

ASTM D 1527,ASTM D 2661,ASTM D 26801*,ASTM F 628

ASTM D 2661,ASTM D 26801*

Asbestos-Cement — –– XASTM C 4281*,ASTM C 141* ––

Brass –– X –– ASTM B 43 ––

Cast-Iron X X XASTM A 74,ASTM A 888,CISPI 301

ASME B16.12,ASTM A 74,ASTM A 888,CISPI 301

Co-Extruded ABS(Schedule 40)

X X X ASTM F 1488ASTM D 2661,ASTM D 26801*

Co-Extruded PVC(Schedule 40)

X X XASTM F 1488,ASTM F 891

ASTM D 2665,ASTM F 7941,ASTM F 1866

Copper (Type DWV) X X X

ASTM B 75,ASTM B 251,ASTM B 302,ASTM B 306

ASME B16.23,ASME B16.29

Galvanized Malleable Iron –– X –– –– ASME B16.3

Galvanized Steel –– X –– ASTM A 53 ––

PVC (Schedule 40) X X XASTM D 1785,ASTM D 2665,ASTM F 7941*

ASTM D 2665,ASTM F 7941*,ASTM F 1866

Polyethylene –– –– X ASTM F 714

ASTM D 2683,ASTM D 3261,ASTM F 1055,ASTM F 2206

Stainless Steel 304 –– X –– ASME A112.3.1 ASME A112.3.1

Stainless Steel 316L X X X ASME A112.3.1 ASME A112.3.1

Vitrified Clay (Extrastrength)

–– –– X ASTM C 700 ASTM C 700

TABLE 7-1 701.1MATERIALS FOR DRAIN, WASTE, VENT PIPE AND FITTINGS

1* For Bbuilding Ssewer applications.

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702.0 Fixture Unit Equivalents.702.1 Trap Size. The unit equivalent of plumbing fixturesshown in Table 7-3 702.1 shall be based on the size of thetrap required, and the unit equivalent of fixtures anddevices not shown in Table 7-3 702.1 shall be based on thesize of trap or trap arm.

Maximum drainage fixture units for a fixture trap andtrap arm loadings for sizes up to four (4) inches (100 mm)are as follows shall be in accordance with Table 702.2(a):

702.2 Intermittent Flow. Drainage fixture units for inter-mittent flow into the drainage system shall be computed onthe rated discharge capacity in (gallons per minute) (gpm)(liters per second L/s) in accordance with Table 7–4 702.2(b).

702.3 Continuous Flow. For a continuous flow into adrainage system, such as from a pump, sump ejector, airconditioning equipment, or similar device, two (2) fixtureunits shall be allowed for equal to each gallon per minute(gpm) (3.78 L/m 0.06 L/s) of flow.

703.0 Size of Drainage Piping.703.1 Minimum Size. The minimum sizes of vertical,and/or horizontal, or/both drainage piping shall be deter-mined from the total of fixture units connected thereto, andadditionally, in the case of vertical drainage pipes, in accor-dance with their length.

703.2 Maximum Number of Fixture Units. Table 7-5703.2 shows the maximum number of fixture units allowedon any a vertical or horizontal drainage pipe, buildingdrain, or building sewer of a given size; the maximumnumber of fixture units allowed on any a branch interval of agiven size; and the maximum length (in feet and meters) ofany a vertical drainage pipe of a given size.703.3 Sizing per Appendix C. For alternate method ofsizing drainage piping, See Appendix LC.

704.0 Fixture Connections (Drainage).704.1 Inlet Fittings. Drainage piping shall be provided withapproved inlet fittings for fixture connections, correctlylocated according to the size and type of fixture proposed tobe connected.704.2 Single Vertical Drainage Pipe. Two (2) fixturesset back-to-back, or side-by-side, within the distance allowedbetween a trap and its vent shall be permitted to be served bya single vertical drainage pipe provided that each fixturewastes separately into an approved double-fixture fittinghaving inlet openings at the same level.704.3 Sinks and Dishwashing Machines. Pot sinks,scullery sinks, dishwashing sinks, silverware sinks, commer-cial dishwashing machines, silverware-washing machines,and other similar fixtures shall be connected directly to thedrainage system. A floor drain shall be provided adjacent tothe fixture, and the fixture shall be connected on the sewerside of the floor drain trap, provided that no other drainageline is connected between the floor drain waste connectionand the fixture drain. The fixture and floor drain shall betrapped and vented as required by this code.

705.0 Joints and Connections.705.1 Types of Joints.

705.1.1 Caulked Joints. Caulked joints for cast- ironbell-and-spigot soil pipe and other similar joints shall befirmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled withmolten lead to a depth of not less than one (1) inch (25.4mm). The lead shall be caulked thoroughly at the insideand outside edges of the joint. After caulking, thefinished joint shall not exceed one-eighth (1⁄8) of an inch(3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub. No paint, varnish, orother coatings shall be permitted on the joining materialuntil after the joint has been tested and approved.Caulked joints in cast-iron bell-and-spigot water pipingshall be made with nontoxic materials.705.1.2 Cement Mortar Joints. Except for repairsand connections to existing lines constructed with suchjoints, cement mortar joints shall be prohibited onbuilding sewers.705.1.3 Burned Lead Joints. Burned (welded) leadjoints shall be lapped, and the lead shall be fused togetherto form a uniform weld not less than as thick as the leadbeing joined.705.1.4 Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe Joints.Joints in asbestos cement pipe shall be a sleeve couplingof the same composition as the pipe or of other approved

GPM (L/sec) FIXTURE UNITS

Up to 71⁄2 Up to 0.47 Equals 1 Fixture UnitGreater than 71⁄2 to 15 (0.47 to 0.95) Equals 2 Fixture UnitsGreater than 15 to 30 (0.95 to 1.89) Equals 4 Fixture UnitsGreater than 30 to 50 (1.89 to 3.15) Equals 6 Fixture Units

TABLE 7-4 702.2(b)DISCHARGE CAPACITY IN GALLONS PER MINUTE (Liters per

Second) FOR INTERMITTENT FLOW ONLY*

For SI units: 1 gallon per minute = 0.06 L/sNote:

*Discharge capacity exceeding 50 gallons per minute (3.15 L/sec.s)

shall be determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

SIZE OF TRAP ANDTRAP ARM (inches)

DRAINAGE FIXTUREUNIT VALUES (DFU)

11⁄4 in. (32 mm) 1 unit11⁄2 in. (40 mm) 3 units2 in. (50 mm) 4 units3 in. (80 mm) 6 units4 in. (100 mm) 8 unitsException: On self-service laundries.

For SI Units: 1 inch = 25 mm

TABLE 702.2(a)MAXIMUM DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS FOR A

TRAP AND TRAP ARM

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TABLE 7-3 702.1DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (DFU)

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm1 Indirect waste receptors shall be sized based on the total drainage capacity of the fixtures that drain therein to, in accordance with Table 7-4 702.2(b).2 Provide a two (2) inch (510 mm) minimum drain.3 For refrigerators, coffee urns, water stations, and similar low demands.4 For commercial sinks, dishwashers, and similar moderate or heavy demands.5 Buildings having a clothes-washing area with clothes washers in a battery of three (3) or more clothes washers shall be rated at six (6) fixture units each forpurposes of sizing common horizontal and vertical drainage piping.

6 Water closets shall be computed as six (6) fixture units when where determining septic tank sizes based on Appendix KH of this code.7 Trap sizes shall not be increased to the point where the fixture discharge may be is capable of being inadequate to maintain their self-scouring properties.8 Assembly [Public Use (See Table 4-1 422.1)].

Inch mm11⁄4 3211⁄2 402 5121⁄2 653 80

APPLIANCES, APPURTENANCES OR FIXTURES2MINIMUM FIXTUREBRANCH PIPE SIZE7 PRIVATE PUBLIC ASSEMBLY8

Bathtub or Combination Bath/Shower 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0Bidet 11⁄4” 1.0Bidet 11⁄2” 2.0Clothes Washer, domestic, standpipe5 3.0 3.0 3.0Dental Unit, cuspidor 11⁄4” 1.0 1.0Dishwasher, domestic, with independent drain2 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0 2.0Drinking Fountain or Water Cooler 11⁄4” 0.5 0.5 1.0Food-Waste-Grinder, commercial 2” 3.0 3.0Floor Drain, emergency 2” 0.0 0.0Floor Drain (for additional sizes see Section 702) 2” 2.0 2.0 2.0Shower, single-head trap 2” 2.0 2.0 2.0Multi-head, each additional 2” 1.0 1.0 1.0Lavatory, single 11⁄4” 1.0 1.0 1.0Lavatory, in sets of two or three 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0 2.0Washfountain 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0Washfountain 2” 3.0 3.0Mobile Home, trap9 3” 12.0Receptor, indirect waste1,3 11⁄2” See footnote1,3

Receptor, indirect waste1,4 2” See footnote1,4

Receptor, indirect waste1 3” See footnote1

SinksBar 11⁄2” 1.0Bar2 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0Clinical 3” 6.0 6.0Commercial with food waste2 11⁄2” 3.0 3.0Special Purpose2 11⁄2” 2.0 3.0 3.0Special Purpose 2” 3.0 4.0 4.0Special Purpose 3” 6.0 6.0Kitchen, domestic2

(with or without food-waste grinder, and/or dishwasher or both) 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0

Laundry2 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0 2.0(with or without discharge from a clothes washer)

Kitchen, domestic2 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0Service or Mop Basin 2” 3.0 3.0Service or Mop Basin 3” 3.0 3.0Service, flushing rim 3 6.0 6.0Wash, each set of faucets 2.0 2.0

Urinal, integral trap 1.0 GPF2 2” 2.0 2.0 5.0Urinal, exposed trap2 11⁄2” 2.0 2.0 5.0Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank6 3” 3.0 4.0 6.0Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Tank6 3” 3.0 4.0 6.0Water Closet, 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve6 3” 3.0 4.0 6.0Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Gravity Tank6 3” 4.0 6.0 8.0Water Closet, greater than 1.6 GPF Flushometer Valve6 3” 4.0 6.0 8.0

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materials, and sealed with rubber rings or joined by anapproved-type compression coupling. Joints betweenasbestos cement pipe and other approved pipe shall bemade by means of an approved adapter coupling.705.1.5 Packing Additives Prohibited. Theaddition of leak-sealing additives to joint packing shallbe prohibited.705.1.6 Molded Rubber Coupling Joints. Whenpipe is joined by means of molded rubber couplingjoints, such joints shall conform to approved standardsand shall not be considered as slip joints. Whenrequired, appropriate rubber bushings shall be used toallow for any difference in piping material diameters.705.1.7 Elastomeric Gasketed and Rubber-Ring Joints. Elastomeric gasketed and rubber-ringjoints shall comply with the applicable standards refer-enced in Table 14-1.705.1.8 Shielded Coupling Joints. When pipingsystems are joined by means of shielded couplings,such couplings shall conform to approved standardsand shall not be considered as slip joints.705.1.9 Hubless Cast-Iron Pipe Joints. Joints forhubless cast-iron soil pipe and fittings shall conform toapplicable standards referenced in Table 14-1 and shallnot be considered as slip joints.

705.2 Use of Joints.705.2.1 Clay and Sewer Pipe. Joints in vitrifiedclay pipe or between such pipe and metal pipe shall bemade as provided in Sections 316.1.5, 705.1.6, 705.1.7,or 705.1.8.705.2.2 Cast-Iron Pipe. Joints in cast-iron pipe shallbe made as provided in Sections 316.1.2, 316.1.5,705.1.1, 705.1.8, or 705.1.9.705.2.3 Screw Pipe to Cast-Iron. Joints betweenwrought iron, steel, brass, or copper pipe and cast-ironpipe shall be either caulked or threaded joints made asprovided in Section 316.1.1 or 705.1.1, or shall bemade with approved adapter fittings.705.2.4 Lead to Cast-Iron, Wrought-Iron, orSteel. Joints between lead and cast-iron, wrought-iron,or steel pipe shall be made by means of wiped joints toa caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, or bushing asprovided in Section 316.1.2.

705.0 Joints and Connections.705.1 ABS and ABS Co-Extruded Plastic Pipe andJoints. Joining methods for ABS plastic pipe and fittingsshall be in accordance with Section 705.1.1 through Section705.1.3.

705.1.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions and shall be installed for underground

For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm1 Excluding trap arm.2 Except sinks, urinals, and dishwashers – exceeding one (1) fixture unit.3 Except six-unit traps or water closets.4 Only four (4) water closets or six-unit traps allowed on any a vertical pipe or stack; and not to exceed three (3) water closets or six-unit traps on any a

horizontal branch or drain.5 Based on one-fourth (1⁄4) inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) slope. For one-eighth (1⁄8) of an inch per foot (10.4 mm/m) slope, multiply horizontal fixture units

by a factor of eight-tenths (0.8).

Note: The diameter of an individual vent shall be not less than one and one-fourth (11⁄4) inches (32 mm) nor less than one-half (1/2) the diameter of thedrain to which it is connected. Fixture unit load values for drainage and vent piping shall be computed from Tables 7-3 702.1 and Table 7-4 702.2(b). Notto exceed one-third (1⁄3) of the total permitted length of any a vent may shall be permitted to be installed in a horizontal position. When Where vents areincreased one (1) pipe size for their entire length, the maximum length limitations specified in this table do not apply. This table complies is in accordancewith the requirements of Section 901.2.

SIZE OF PIPE, (inches)(mm)

11⁄4(32)

11⁄2(40)

2(50)

21⁄2(65)

3(80)

4(100)

5(125)

6(150)

8(200)

Maximum UnitsDrainage Piping1

VerticalHorizontal

11

22

1163

83323

143484

3542562165

6004285

1,3807205

3,6002,6405

Maximum LengthDrainage Piping

Vertical, (feet)(m)

Horizontal (unlimited)

45(14)

65(20)

85(26)

148(45)

212(65)

300(91)

390(119)

510(155)

750(228)

Vent Piping(See note) Horizontal and Vertical

Maximum UnitsMaximum Lengths, (feet) (m)

145(14)

83

60(14)

24120(14)

48180(14)

84212(14)

256300(14)

600390(14)

1,380510(14)

3,600750(14)

10(250)

12(300)

5,6004,6805

8,4008,2005

TABLE 7-5 703.2MAXIMUM UNIT LOADING AND MAXIMUM LENGTH OF DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPING

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piping systems. Such joints shall be designed toprovide a permanent seal and shall be of the mechan-ical or push-on-joint. The mechanical joint shallinclude a flexible transition coupling in accordancewith ASTM C 1173 to form a pressure seal betweensections of pipe of the same or different material. Thepush on joint shall include an elastomeric gasket inaccordance with ASTM D 3212 and shall provide acompressive force against the spigot and socket afterassembly to provide a permanent seal.705.1.2 Solvent Cement Joints. Solvent cementjoints for ABS pipe and fittings shall be clean from dirtand moisture. Pipe shall be cut square and shall bedeburred. Where surfaces to be joined are cleaned andfree of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign material,solvent cement in accordance with ASTM D 2235 shallbe applied to all joint surfaces. Joints shall be madewhile both the inside socket surface and outsidesurface of pipe are wet with solvent cement. Hold jointin place and undisturbed for 1 minute after assembly.Solvent cement joints shall be installed in accordancewith the manufacturer’s instructions.705.1.3 Threaded Joints. Threaded joints shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal-lation instructions. Threads shall comply with ASMEB1.20.1. A minimum of Schedule 80 shall be permittedto be threaded. Molded threads on adapter fittings fortransition to threaded joints shall be permitted. Pipejoint material shall be applied to male threads, insol-uble in water, and nontoxic. The joint between the pipeand transition fitting shall be of the solvent cementtype. Caution shall be used during assembly to preventover tightening of the ABS components once thethread sealant has been applied.

705.2 Asbestos Cement Pipe and Joints. Joiningmethods for asbestos cement pipe and fittings shall be inaccordance with Section 705.2.1.

705.2.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe of the same composition as the pipe and sealed withan approved elastomeric gasket or joined by a listedcompression type coupling, and shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Elas-tomeric gaskets shall comply with ASTM D 1869. Thecoupling grooves, pipe ends, and elastomeric gasketsshall be cleaned. Elastomeric gaskets shall be posi-tioned in the grooves. Lubricant recommended by themanufacturer shall be applied to the machined end ofthe pipe. Lubricant shall not be applied to the elas-tomeric gasket or groove, unless specifically recom-mended by the manufacturer.

705.3 Brass Pipe and Joints. Joining methods forbrass pipe and fittings shall be in accordance with Section705.3.1 through Section 705.3.3.

705.3.1 Brazed Joints. Brazed joints between brasspipe and fittings shall be made with brazing alloyshaving a liquid temperature above 1000˚F (538˚C).The joint surfaces to be brazed shall be cleaned bright

by either manual or mechanical means. Pipe shall becut square and reamed to full inside diameter. Brazingflux shall be applied to the joint surfaces whererequired by manufacturer’s recommendation. Brazingfiller metal in accordance with AWS A5.8 shall beapplied at the point where the pipe or tubing enters thesocket of the fitting.705.3.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions and shall be of the compression type usingan elastomeric gasket to form a seal.705.3.3 Threaded Joints. Threaded joints shall bemade with pipe threads in accordance with ASMEB1.20.1. Pipe joining tape or compound shall beapplied only on male threads, and such material shallbe of approved types, insoluble in water, and nontoxic.

705.4 Cast-Iron Pipe and Joints. Joining methods forcast-iron pipe and fittings shall be in accordance withSection 705.4.1 and Section 705.4.2.

705.4.1 Caulked Joints. Caulked joints for cast-iron pipe and fittings shall be installed in accordancewith the manufacturer’s instructions. Such joints shallbe firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled withmolten lead to a depth of not less than 1 inch (25.4mm) in one continuous pour. The lead shall be caulkedthoroughly at the inside and outside edges of the joint.After caulking, the finished joint shall not exceed 1/8 ofan inch (3.2 mm) below the rim of the hub. No paint,varnish, or other coatings shall be permitted on thejoining material until after the joint has been tested andapproved.705.4.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints forcast-iron pipe and fittings shall be of the compressionor mechanical joint coupling type and installed inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.Compression type joints with an elastomeric gasket forcast iron hub and spigot pipe shall comply with ASTMC 564. Hub and spigot shall be clean and free of dirt,mud, sand, and foreign materials. Cuts shall be madeusing the standard steel pipe cutter using cuttingwheels specifically designed to cut cast iron soil pipeor the snap cutter. Cut pipe shall be free from sharpedges, fold and insert gasket into hub. Lubricate thejoint following manufacturer’s instructions. Insertspigot into hub until the spigot end of the pipe bottomout in the hub. Use the same procedure for the installa-tion of fittings.

Mechanical joint shielded coupling type foraboveground installations with hubless cast iron pipeand fittings shall comply with ASTM C 1277, ASTMC 1540, or CISPI 310. The elastomeric gasket shallcomply with ASTM C 564. Hubless cast iron pipe andfittings shall be clean and free of dirt, mud, sand, andforeign materials. Cuts shall be made using the stan-dard steel pipe cutter using cutting wheels specificallydesigned to cut cast iron soil pipe or the snap cutter.

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Cut pipe shall be free from sharp edges. Gasket shallbe placed on the end of the pipe or fitting and the stain-less steel shield and clamp assembly on the end of theother pipe or fitting. Pipe or fittings shall be seatedagainst the center stop inside the elastomeric sleeve.The stainless steel shield and clamp assembly intoposition centered over the gasket and tightened. Bandsshall be tightened using an approved calibrated torquewrench specifically set by the manufacturer of thecouplings.705.1.9 Hubless Cast-Iron Pipe Joints.Couplings used to join hubless cast-iron soil pipe andfittings in aboveground installations shall incorporate ametallic shield as required by the applicable standardsreferenced in Table 14-1 and shall not be considered asslip joints.

705.5 Copper Pipe (DWV) and Joints. Joiningmethods for copper pipe and fittings shall be in accordancewith Section 705.5.1 through Section 705.5.4.

705.5.1 Brazed Joints. Brazed joints betweencopper pipe and fittings shall be made with brazingalloys having a liquid temperature above 1000˚F(538˚C). The joint surfaces to be brazed shall becleaned bright by either manual or mechanical means.Piping shall be cut square and reamed to full insidediameter. Brazing flux shall be applied to the jointsurfaces where required by manufacturer’s recommen-dation. Brazing filler metal in accordance with AWSA5.8 shall be applied at the point where the pipe ortubing enters the socket of the fitting.705.5.2 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints incopper piping shall be made with a mechanicalcoupling with grooved end piping or approved jointdesigned for the specific application. Such joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions.705.5.3 Soldered Joints. Soldered joints betweencopper pipe and fittings shall be made in accordancewith ASTM B 828 with the following sequence of jointpreparation and operation as follows: measuring andcutting, reaming, cleaning, fluxing, assembly andsupport, heating, applying the solder, cooling, andcleaning. Pipe shall be cut square and reamed to thefull inside diameter including the removal of burrs onthe outside of the pipe. Surfaces to be joined shall becleaned bright by manual or mechanical means. Fluxshall be applied to pipe and fittings and shall be inaccordance with ASTM B 813 and shall becomenoncorrosive and nontoxic after soldering. Insert pipeinto the base of the fitting and remove excess flux.Pipe and fitting shall be supported to ensure a uniformcapillary space around the joint. Heat shall be appliedusing an air or fuel torch with the flame perpendicularto the pipe using acetylene or an LP gas. Preheatingshall depend on the size of the joint. The flame shall bemoved to the fitting cup and alternate between the pipe

and fitting. Solder in accordance with ASTM B 32shall be applied to the joint surfaces until capillaryaction draws the molten solder into the cup. Jointsurfaces shall not be disturbed until cool and anyremaining flux residue shall be cleaned.705.5.4 Threaded Joints. Threaded joints forcopper pipe shall be made with pipe threads in accor-dance with ASME B1.20.1. Pipe joining tape orcompound shall be applied only on male threads, andsuch material shall be approved types, insoluble inwater, and nontoxic.

705.6 Galvanized Steel Pipe and Joints. Joiningmethods for galvanized steel pipe and fittings shall be inaccordance with Section 705.6.1 and Section 705.6.2.

705.6.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions and shall be made with an elastomericgasket.705.6.2 Threaded Joints. Threaded joints shall bemade with pipe threads in accordance with ASMEB1.20.1 Pipe joining tape or compound shall beapplied only on male threads, and such material shallbe of approved types, insoluble in water, and nontoxic.

705.7 PVC and PVC Co-Extruded Plastic Pipe andJoining Methods. Joining methods for PVC plastic pipeand fittings shall be in accordance with Section 705.7.1through Section 705.7.3.

705.7.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions. Such joints shall be designed to provide apermanent seal and shall be of the mechanical or push-on-joint type. The mechanical joint shall include aflexible transition coupling in accordance with ASTMC 1173 to form a pressure seal between sections ofpipe of the same or different material. The push onjoint shall include an elastomeric gasket in accordancewith ASTM D 3212 and shall provide a compressiveforce against the spigot and socket after assembly toprovide a permanent seal.705.7.2 Solvent Cement Joints. Solvent cementjoints for PVC pipe and fittings shall be clean from dirtand moisture. Pipe shall be cut square and pipe shall bedeburred. Where surfaces to be joined are cleaned andfree of dirt, moisture, oil and other foreign material,apply primer purple in color, in accordance withASTM F 656. Primer shall be applied until the surfaceof the pipe and fitting is softened. Solvent cements inaccordance with ASTM D 2564 shall be applied to alljoint surfaces. Joints shall be made while both theinside socket surface and outside surface of pipe arewet with solvent cement. Hold joint in place and undis-turbed for 1 minute after assembly. Solvent cementjoints shall be installed in accordance with the manu-facturer’s instructions.705.7.3 Threaded Joints. Threaded joints shall beinstalled in accordance with the manufacturer’s instal-lation instructions. Threads shall comply with ASME

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B1.20.1. A minimum of Schedule 80 shall be permittedto be threaded. Molded threads on adapter fittings fortransition to threaded joints shall be permitted. Threadsealant material compatible with the pipe and fitting,insoluble in water, and nontoxic shall be applied tomale threads. The joint between the pipe and transitionfitting shall be of the solvent cement type. Cautionshall be used during assembly to prevent over tight-ening of the PVC components once the thread sealanthas been applied.

705.8 Stainless Steel Pipe and Joints. Joiningmethods for stainless steel pipe and fittings shall be inaccordance with Section 705.8.1 and Section 705.8.2.

705.8.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical jointsbetween stainless steel pipe and fittings shall be of thecompression, grooved coupling, hydraulic pressedfittings, or flanged. Such joints shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.705.8.2 Welded Joints. Welded joints betweenstainless steel pipe and fittings shall be in accordancewith ASME A112.3.1 and shall be welded autoge-nously. Pipe shall be cleaned, free of scale and contam-inating particles. Pipe shall be cut with a combinationcutting and beveling tool that provides a square cut,and free of burrs. Mineral oil lubricant shall be usedduring the cutting and beveling process. Welded jointsshall be installed in accordance with the manufac-turer’s instructions.

705.9 Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints. Joining methodsfor vitrified clay pipe and fittings shall be in accordancewith Section 705.9.1.

705.9.1 Mechanical Joints. Mechanical joints shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions. Such joints shall be designed to provide apermanent seal and shall be of the mechanical or push-on-joint type. The mechanical joint shall include aflexible transition coupling in accordance with ASTMC 1173 to form a pressure seal between sections ofpipe of the same or different material. The push onjoint shall include an elastomeric gasket in accordancewith ASTM C 425 and shall provide a compressiveforce against the spigot and socket after assembly toprovide a permanent seal.

705.310 Special Joints.705.310.1 Slip Joints. In fixture drains and traps,slip joints of approved materials shall be permitted tobe used in accordance with their approvals.705.310.2 Expansion Joints. Expansion jointsshall be accessible, except when where in vent pipingor drainage stacks, and shall be permitted to be usedwhere necessary to provide for expansion and contrac-tion of the pipes.705.310.3 Ground Joint, Flared, or FerruleConnections. Brass or copper ground joint, flared, orferrule-type connections that allow adjustment of

tubing, but provide a rigid joint when where made up,shall not be considered as slip joints.705.10.4 Transition Joint. A solvent cement transi-tion joint between ABS and PVC building drain andbuilding sewer shall be made using listed transitionsolvent cement.

705.11 Joints Between Various Materials. Jointsbetween various materials shall be in accordance withSection 705.11.1 through Section 705.11.4.

705.11.1 Copper Pipe to Cast Iron Pipe. Jointsfrom copper pipe or tubing to cast iron pipe shall bemade with a listed compression type joint or brassferrule. The copper pipe or tubing shall be soldered orbrazed to the ferrule and the ferrule shall be joined tothe cast iron hub by a compression or caulked joint.705.11.2 Copper Pipe to Threaded Pipe Joints.Joints from copper pipe or tubing to threaded pipe shallbe made by the use of a listed brass adapter or dielec-tric fitting. The joint between the copper pipe and thefitting shall be a soldered or brazed, and the connectionbetween the threaded and the fittings shall be madewith a standard pipe size screw joint.705.11.3 Plastic Pipe to other Materials. Whereconnecting plastic pipe to other types of plastic orother types of piping material; approved listed adapteror transition fittings and listed for the specific transi-tion intended shall be used.705.11.4 Stainless Steel Pipe to other Mate-rials. Where connecting stainless steel pipe to othertypes of piping, listed mechanical joints of thecompression type and listed for the specific transitionintended shall be used.

706.0 Changes in Direction of Drainage Flow.706.1 Approved Fittings. Changes in direction ofdrainage piping shall be made by the appropriate use ofapproved fittings and shall be of the angles presented by aone-sixteenth (1/16) bend, one-eighth (1/8) bend, or one-sixth (1/6) bend, or other approved fittings of equivalentsweep.706.2 Horizontal to Vertical. Horizontal drainage lines,connecting with a vertical stack, shall enter through 45degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, 60 degree (1.05 rad) wyebranches, combination wye and one-eighth (1/8) bendbranches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee branches, orother approved fittings of equivalent sweep. No fittinghaving more than one (1) inlet at the same level shall beused unless such fitting is constructed so that the dischargefrom one (1) inlet cannot readily enter any other inlet. Doublesanitary tees shall be permitted to be used when where thebarrel of the fitting is not less than two (2) pipe sizes largerthan the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this purposeare 2 in. inches, 2-1/2 in. inches, 3 in. inches, 3-1/2 in. inches,4 in. inches, 4-1/2 in. inches, 5 in. inches, 6 in. inches, etc.)(50, 65, 80, 90, 100, 115, 125, 150 mm, etc.).

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706.3 Horizontal to Horizontal. Horizontal drainagelines connecting with other horizontal drainage lines shallenter through 45 degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, combina-tion wye and one-eighth (1/8) bend branches, or otherapproved fittings of equivalent sweep.706.4 Vertical to Horizontal. Vertical drainage linesconnecting with horizontal drainage lines shall enter through45 degree (0.79 rad) wye branches, combination wye andone-eighth (1/8) bend branches, or other approved fittings ofequivalent sweep. Branches or offsets of 60 degrees (1.05rad) shall be permitted to be used only when where installedin a true vertical position.

707.0 Cleanouts.707.1 Plug. Each cleanout fitting for cast-iron pipe shallconsist of a cast-iron or brass body and an approved plug.Each cleanout for galvanized wrought-iron, galvanized steel,copper, or brass pipe shall consist of a brass plug as specifiedin Table 7-6 707.1, or a standard weight brass cap, or anapproved ABS or PVC plastic plug, or an approved stainlesssteel cleanout or plug. Plugs shall have raised square headsor approved countersunk rectangular slots.

707.2 Approved. Each cleanout fitting and each cleanoutplug or cap shall be of an approved type.707.3 Gas and Water-Tight. Cleanouts shall be designedto be gas and water-tight.707.4 Location. Each horizontal drainage pipe shall beprovided with a cleanout at its upper terminal, and each runof piping, that is more than one-hundred (100) feet (30,480mm) in total developed length, shall be provided with acleanout for each one-hundred (100) feet (30,480 mm), orfraction thereof, in length of such piping. An additional

cleanout shall be provided in a drainage line for each aggre-gate horizontal change of direction exceeding 135 degrees(2.36 rad).Exceptions:(1) Cleanouts shall be permitted to be omitted on a hori-

zontal drain line less than five (5) feet (1,524 mm) inlength unless such line is serving sinks or urinals.

(2) Cleanouts shall be permitted to be omitted on any ahorizontal drainage pipe installed on a slope of 72degrees (1.26 rad) or less from the vertical angle (one-fifth (1/5) bend).

(3) Excepting the building drain and its horizontal branches,a cleanout shall not be required on any a pipe or pipingthat is above the floor level of the lowest floor of thebuilding.

(4) An approved type of two-way cleanout fitting, installedinside the building wall near the connection between thebuilding drain and the building sewer or installed outsideof a building at the lower end of a shall be permitted tobe substituted for an upper terminal cleanout.

707.5 Cleaning. Each cleanout shall be installed so that itopens to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soil orwaste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case of wyebranch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installed verticallyabove the flow line of the pipe.707.6 Extension. Each cleanout extension shall beconsidered as drainage piping and each 90 degree (1.657rad) cleanout extension shall be extended from a wye-typefitting or other approved fitting of equivalent sweep.707.7 Interceptor. Each cleanout for an interceptor shallbe outside of such interceptor.707.8 Access. Each cleanout, unless installed under anapproved cover plate, shall be above grade, readily acces-sible, and so located as to serve the purpose for which it isintended. Cleanouts located under cover plates shall be soinstalled as to provide the clearances and accessibilityrequired by this section.707.9 Clearance. Each cleanout in piping two (2) inches(50 mm) or less in size shall be so installed that there is aclearance of not less than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) infront of the cleanout. Cleanouts in piping exceeding two (2)inches (50 mm) shall have a clearance of not less than eigh-teen (18) inches (457 mm) in front of the cleanout.Cleanouts in under-floor piping shall be extended to orabove the finished floor or shall be extended outside thebuilding when where there is less than eighteen (18) inches(457 mm) vertical overall, allowing for obstructions such asducts, beams, and piping, and thirty (30) inches of (762mm) horizontal clearance from the means of access to suchcleanout. No under-floor cleanout shall be locatedexceeding twenty (20) feet (6,096 mm) from an accessdoor, trap door, or crawl hole.707.10 Fittings. Cleanout fittings shall be not less in sizethan those given in Table 7-6 707.1.707.11 Pressure Drainage Systems. Cleanouts shall beprovided for pressure drainage systems as classified underSection 710.7.

SIZE OF PIPE(mm)

SIZE OF CLEANOUT(mm)

THREADS(per 25.4 mm)

40 40 111⁄2

50 40 111⁄2

65 65 880 65 8

100 & larger 90 8

TABLE 7-6CLEANOUTS (Metric)

SIZE OF PIPE(inches)

SIZE OF CLEANOUT(inches)

THREADS(per inches)

11⁄2 11⁄2 111⁄22 11⁄2 111⁄221⁄2 11⁄2 83 11⁄2 8

4 & larger 31⁄2 8

TABLE 7-6 707.1CLEANOUTS

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707.12 Countersunk Cleanout Plugs. Countersunkcleanout plugs shall be installed where raised heads cause ahazard.707.13 Hubless Blind Plugs. When Where a hublessblind plug is used for a required cleanout, the completecoupling and plug shall be accessible for removal orreplacement.707.14 Trap Arms. Cleanouts for trap arms shall beinstalled in accordance with Section 1002.3.

708.0 Grade of Horizontal Drainage Piping.Horizontal drainage piping shall be run in practical align-ment and a uniform slope of not less than one-fourth (1⁄4)inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) or 2 percent toward the point ofdisposal provided that, where it is impractical due to thedepth of the street sewer, to the structural features, or to thearrangement of any a building or structure to obtain a slopeof one-fourth (1⁄4) of an inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) or 2percent, any such pipe or piping four (4) inches (100 mm)or larger in diameter may shall be permitted to have a slopeof not less than one-eighth (1⁄8) of an inch per foot (10.4mm/m) or 1 percent, when where first approved by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction.

709.0 Gravity Drainage Required.Wherever practicable, plumbing fixtures shall be drained tothe public sewer or private sewage disposal system bygravity.

710.0 Drainage of Fixtures Located Below the NextUpstream Manhole or Below the Main SewerLevel.710.1 Backflow Protection. Where a fixture is installedon a floor level that is lower than the next upstreammanhole cover of the public or private sewer, serving suchdrainage piping, shall be protected from backflow ofsewage by installing an approved type of backwater valve.Fixtures on floor levels above such elevation shall notdischarge through the backwater valve. Cleanouts fordrains that pass through a backwater valve shall be clearlyidentified with a permanent label stating “backwater valvedownstream”.710.2 Sewage Discharge. Drainage piping servingfixtures that are located below the crown level of the mainsewer shall discharge into an approved water-tight sump orreceiving tank, so located as to receive the sewage orwastes by gravity. From such sump or receiving tank, thesewage or other liquid wastes shall be lifted and dischargedinto the building drain or building sewer by approved ejec-tors, pumps, or other equally efficient approved mechanicaldevices.710.3 Sewage Ejector and Pumps. A sewage ejectoror sewage pump receiving the discharge of water closets orurinals:

(1) 710.3.1 Shall have a discharge capacity of not lessthan 20 gallons per minute (gpm) (75.7 1.26 L/ms).

(2) 710.3.2 In single dwelling units, the ejector or pumpshall be capable of passing a one and one-half (11⁄2)inch (38 40 mm) diameter solid ball, and the dischargepiping of each ejector or pump shall have a backwatervalve and gate valve, and be not less than of two (2)inches (50 mm) in diameter.

(3) 710.3.3 In other than single-dwelling units, the ejectoror pump shall be capable of passing a two (2) inch (5150 mm) diameter solid ball, and the discharge piping ofeach ejector or pump shall have a backwater valve andgate valve, and be not less than three (3) inches (80mm) in diameter.

710.4 Discharge Line. The discharge line from suchejector, pump, or other mechanical device shall be providedwith an accessible backwater or swing check valve and gateor ball valve. If Where the gravity drainage line to whichsuch discharge line connects is horizontal, the method ofconnection shall be from the top through a wye branchfitting. The gate or ball valve shall be located on thedischarge side of the backwater or check valve.

Gate or ball valves, when where installed in drainagepiping, shall be fullway type with working parts of corro-sion-resistant metal. Sizes four (4) inches (100 mm) or morein diameter shall have cast-iron bodies, and sizes less thanfour (4) inches (100 mm), cast-iron or brass bodies.710.5 Size of Building Drains and Sewers. Buildingdrains or building sewers receiving discharge from any apump or ejector shall be adequately sized to prevent over-loading. Two (2) fixture units shall be allowed for eachgallon per minute (3.78 0.06 L/ms) of flow.710.6 Backwater Valves. Backwater valves, gate valves,fullway ball valves, unions, motors, compressors, air tanks,and other mechanical devices required by this section shallbe located where they will be accessible for inspection andrepair at all times and, unless continuously exposed, shallbe enclosed in a masonry pit fitted with an adequately sizedremovable cover.

Backwater valves shall have bodies of cast-iron, plastic,brass, or other approved materials; shall have noncorrosivebearings, seats, and self-aligning discs; and shall beconstructed so as to ensure a positive mechanical seal. Suchbackwater valves shall remain sufficiently open duringperiods of low flows to avoid screening of solids and shallnot restrict capacities or cause excessive turbulence duringpeak loads. Unless otherwise listed, valve access covers shallbe bolted type with gasket, and each valve shall bear themanufacturer's name cast into the body and the cover.710.7 Drainage and Venting Systems. The drainageand venting systems, in connection with fixtures, sumps,receiving tanks, and mechanical waste-lifting devices, shallbe installed under the same requirements as provided for inthis code for gravity systems.

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710.8 Sump and Receiving Tank Construction.Sumps and receiving tanks shall be water-tight and shall beconstructed of concrete, metal, or other approved materials.If Where constructed of poured concrete, the walls andbottom shall be adequately reinforced and designed to recog-nized acceptable standards. Metal sumps or tanks shall be ofsuch thickness as to serve their intended purpose and shall betreated internally and externally to resist corrosion.710.9 Alarm. Such sumps and receiving tanks shall beautomatically discharged and, when where in any a “publicuse” occupancy, shall be provided with dual pumps or ejec-tors arranged to function alternately in normal use and inde-pendently in case of overload or mechanical failure. Thepumps shall have an audio and visual alarm, readily acces-sible, that signals pump failure or an overload condition. Thelowest inlet shall have a clearance of not less than two (2)inches (51 mm) from the high-water or “starting” level of thesump.710.10 Sump and Receiving Tank Covers andVents. Sumps and receiving tanks shall be provided withsubstantial covers having a bolt-and-gasket- type manhole orequivalent opening to permit access for inspection, repairs,and cleaning. The top shall be provided with a vent pipe thatshall extend separately through the roof or, where permitted,be combined with other vent pipes. Such vent shall be largeenough to maintain atmospheric pressure within the sumpunder normal operating conditions and, in no case, shall beless in size than that required by Table 7-5 703.2 for thenumber and type of fixtures discharging into the sump, norless than one and one-half (11⁄2) inches (40 mm) in diameter.When Where the foregoing requirements are met and thevent, after leaving the sump, is combined with vents fromfixtures discharging into the sump, the size of the combinedvent need not exceed that required for the total number offixtures discharging into the sump. No vent from an air-oper-ating sewage ejector shall combine with other vents.710.11 Air Tanks. Air tanks shall be so proportioned as tobe of equal cubical capacity to the ejectors connected there-with in which there shall be maintained an air pressure of notless than two (2) pounds for each per foot (lb/ft) (3 kg foreach m 3 kg/m) of height the sewage is to be raised. Nowater-operated ejectors shall be permitted.710.12 Grinder Pump Ejector. Grinder pumps shall bepermitted to be used.

710.12.1 Discharge Piping. The discharge pipingshall be sized per the manufacturer’s instructions andshall be not less than one and one-fourth (11⁄4) inches(32 mm) in diameter. A check valve and fullway-typeshutoff valve shall be located within the discharge line.

710.13 Macerating Toilet Systems. Listed maceratingtoilet systems shall be permitted as an alternate to a sewagepump system when where approved by the Authority HavingJurisdiction.

710.13.1 Sumps. The sump shall be water- andgas-tight.710.13.2 Discharge Piping. The discharge pipingshall be sized per in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions and shall be not less than three-quarter (3⁄4)inches (20 mm) in diameter. The developed length ofthe discharge piping shall not exceed the manufacturer’srecommendations. A check valve and fullway-typeshutoff valve shall be located within the discharge lineor internally within the device.710.13.3 Venting. The plumbing fixtures thatdischarge into the macerating device shall be ventedper in accordance with this code. The sump shall bevented per in accordance with the manufacturer’sinstructions and such vent shall be permitted to connectto the fixture venting.

711.0 Suds Relief.Drainage connections shall not be made into a drainagepiping system within eight (8) feet (2,438 mm) of any avertical to horizontal change of direction of a stackcontaining suds-producing fixtures. Bathtubs, laundries,washing machine standpipes, kitchen sinks, and dish-washers shall be considered suds-producing fixtures.Where parallel vent stacks are required, they shall connectto the drainage stack at a point eight (8) feet (2,438 mm)above the lowest point of the drainage stack.Exceptions:(1) Single-family residences.(2) Stacks receiving the discharge from less than three (3)

stories of plumbing fixtures.

712.0 Testing.712.1 Media. The piping of the plumbing, drainage, andventing systems shall be tested with water or air except thatplastic pipe shall not be tested with air. The AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction shall be permitted to require the removalof any cleanouts, etc., to ascertain whether the pressure hasreached all parts of the system. After the plumbing fixtureshave been set and their traps filled with water, they shall besubmitted to a final test.712.2 Water Test. The water test shall be applied to thedrainage and vent systems either in its entirety or insections. If Where the test is applied to the entire system,openings in the piping shall be tightly closed, except thehighest opening, and the system filled with water to pointof overflow. If Where the system is tested in sections,each opening shall be tightly plugged, except the highestopening of the section under test, and each section shall befilled with water, but no section shall be tested with lessthan a ten (10) foot (3,048 mm) head of water. In testingsuccessive sections, not less than the upper ten (10) feet(3,048 mm) of the next preceding section shall be tested,so that no joint or pipe in the building (except the upper-most ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) of the system) shall havebeen submitted to a test of less than a ten (10) foot (3,048mm) head of water. The water shall be kept in the system,or in the portion under test, for not less than fifteen (15)

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minutes before inspection starts. The system shall then betight at points.712.3 Air Test. The air test shall be made by attaching anair compressor testing apparatus to any a suitable openingand, after closing all other inlets and outlets to the system,forcing air into the system until there is a uniform gaugepressure of five (5) pounds-force per square inch (psi) (34.5kPa) or sufficient to balance a column of mercury ten (10)inches (254 mm) in height. The pressure shall be heldwithout introduction of additional air for a period of notless than fifteen (15) minutes.

Part II – Building Sewers.

713.0 Sewer Required.713.1 Where Required. Every A building in whichplumbing fixtures are installed and every premises havingdrainage piping thereon shall have a connection to a publicor private sewer, except as provided in Sections 101.4.1.3,713.2, and 713.4.713.2 Private Sewage Disposal System. WhenWhere no public sewer intended to serve any a lot orpremises is available in any a thoroughfare or right of wayabutting such lot or premises, drainage piping from any abuilding or works shall be connected to an approved privatesewage disposal system.713.3 Public Sewer. Within the limits prescribed bySection 713.4 hereof, the rearrangement or subdivision intosmaller parcels of a lot that abuts and is served by a publicsewer shall not be deemed cause to permit the constructionof a private sewage disposal system, and plumbing ordrainage systems on any such a smaller parcel or parcelsshall connect to the public sewer.713.4 Public Sewer Availability. The public sewer shallbe permitted to be considered as not being available whenwhere such public sewer or any a building or any an exteriordrainage facility connected thereto is located more than two-hundred (200) feet (61 60 960 mm) from any a proposedbuilding or exterior drainage facility on any a lot or premisesthat abuts and is served by such public sewer.713.5 Permit. No permit shall be issued for the installa-tion, alteration, or repair of any a private sewage disposalsystem, or part thereof, on any a lot for which a connectionwith a public sewer is available.713.6 Lot. On every lot or premises hereafter connected toa public sewer, all plumbing and drainage systems or partsthereof on such lot or premises shall be connected withsuch public sewer.305.3 713.7 Installation. In cities, and/or counties, orboth where the installation of building sewers is under thejurisdiction of a department other than the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction, the provisions of this code relating tobuilding sewers need not apply.

Exception: Single-family dwellings and buildings or struc-tures accessory thereto, existing and connected to anapproved private sewage disposal system prior to the timeof connecting the premises to the public sewer shall bepermitted, when where no hazard, nuisance, or insanitarycondition is evidenced and written permission has beenobtained from the Authority Having Jurisdiction, remainconnected to such properly maintained private sewagedisposal system when where there is insufficient grade orfall to permit drainage to the sewer by gravity.

714.0 Damage to Public Sewer or Private SewageDisposal System.714.1 Unlawful Practices. It shall be unlawful for any aperson to deposit, by any means whatsoever, into any aplumbing fixture, floor drain, interceptor, sump, receptor,or device which is connected to any a drainage system,public sewer, private sewer, septic tank, or cesspool, anyashes; cinders; solids; rags; flammable, poisonous, orexplosive liquids or gases; oils; grease; and any other thingwhatsoever that would or could cause is capable of causingdamage to the public sewer, private sewer, or privatesewage disposal system.714.2 Prohibited Water Discharge. No rain, surface,or subsurface water shall be connected to or discharged intoany a drainage system, unless first approved by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction.714.3 Prohibited Sewer Connection. No cesspool,septic tank, seepage pit, or drain field shall be connected toany a public sewer or to any a building sewer leading tosuch public sewer.714.4 Commercial Food Waste Grinder. TheAuthority Having Jurisdiction shall review before approval,the installation of a commercial food waste grinderconnecting to a private sewage disposal system.714.5 Tanks. An approved-type, water-tight sewage orwastewater holding tank, the contents of which, due to theircharacter, must shall be periodically removed and disposedof at some approved off-site location, shall be installed onlywhen where required by the Authority Having Jurisdictionor the Health Officer to prevent anticipated surface orsubsurface contamination or pollution, damage to thepublic sewer, or other hazardous or nuisance conditions.

715.0 Building Sewer Materials.715.1 Materials. The building sewer, beginning two (2)feet (610 mm) from any a building or structure, shall be ofsuch materials as prescribed in this code.715.2 Joining Methods and Materials. Joiningmethods and materials shall be as prescribed in this code.715.3 Existing Sewers. Replacement of existingbuilding sewer and building storm sewers using trenchlessmethodology and materials shall be installed in accordancewith IAPMO IS-26 or ASTM F 1216.

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716.0 Markings.Pipe, brick, block, prefabricated septic tanks, prefabricatedseptic tank or seepage pit covers, or other parts or appurte-nances incidental to the installation of building sewers orprivate sewage disposal systems shall conform to be inaccordance with the approval requirements of Chapter 3 ofthis code.

717.0 Size of Building Sewers.The minimum size of any a building sewer shall be deter-mined on the basis of the total number of fixture unitsdrained by such sewer, in accordance with Table 7-8 717.0.No building sewer shall be smaller than the building drain.

For alternate methods of sizing building sewers, SeeAppendix LC.

718.0 Grade, Support, and Protection of BuildingSewers.718.1 Slope. Building sewers shall be run in practicalalignment and at a uniform slope of not less than one-fourth(1⁄4) of an inch per foot (20.8 mm/m) toward the point ofdisposal.Exception: When Where approved by the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction and where it is impractical, due to thedepth of the street sewer or to the structural features or tothe arrangement of any a building or structure, to obtain aslope of one-fourth (1⁄4) of an inch per foot (20.8 mm/m),any such pipe or piping four (4) inches (100 mm) throughsix (6) inches (150 mm) shall be permitted to have a slopeof not less than one-eighth (1⁄8) inch per foot (10.4 mm/m)and any such piping eight (8) inches (200 mm) and largershall be permitted to have a slope of not less than one-sixteenth (1⁄16) of an inch per foot (5.2 mm/m).718.2 Support. Building sewer piping shall be laid on afirm bed throughout its entire length, and any such pipinglaid in made or filled-in ground shall be laid on a bed ofapproved materials and shall be properly supported asrequired by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

718.3 Protection from Damage. No building sewer orother drainage piping or part thereof, which is constructedof materials other than those approved for use under orwithin a building, shall be installed under or within two (2)feet (610 mm) of any a building or structure, or partthereof, nor less than one (1) foot (305 mm) below thesurface of the ground. The provisions of this subsectioninclude structures such as porches and steps, whethercovered or uncovered; breezeways; roofed porte cocheres;roofed patios; carports; covered walks; covered driveways;and similar structures or appurtenances.

719.0 Cleanouts.719.1 Locations. Cleanouts shall be placed inside thebuilding near the connection between the building drainand the building sewer or installed outside the building atthe lower end of the building drain and extended to grade.

Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installedat intervals not to exceed one-hundred (100) feet (30,480mm) in straight runs and for each aggregate horizontalchange in direction exceeding one-hundred and thirty-five(135) degrees (2.36 rad).719.2 No Additional Cleanouts.When Where a buildingsewer or a branch thereof does not exceed ten (10) feet(3,048 mm) in length and is a straight-line projection from abuilding drain that is provided with a cleanout, no cleanoutwill be required at its point of connection to the buildingdrain.719.3 Building Sewer Cleanouts. Required buildingsewer cleanouts shall be extended to grade and shallcomply be in accordance with the appropriate sections ofCleanouts, Section 707.0, for sizing, construction, andmaterials. When Where building sewers are located underbuildings, the cleanout requirements of Section 707.0 shallapply.719.4 Cleaning. Each cleanout shall be installed so that itopens to allow cleaning in the direction of flow of the soilor waste or at right angles thereto and, except in the case ofwye branch and end-of-line cleanouts, shall be installedvertically above the flow line of the pipe.719.5 Access. Cleanouts installed under concrete orasphalt paving shall be made accessible by yard boxes orby extending flush with paving with approved materialsand shall be adequately protected.719.6 Manholes. Approved manholes shall be permittedto be installed in lieu of cleanouts, when where firstapproved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Themaximum distance between manholes shall not exceedthree-hundred (300) feet (91.4 m 91 440 mm).

The inlet and outlet connections shall be made by theuse of a flexible compression joint not less than twelve (12)inches (305 mm) and not exceeding three (3) feet (914 mm)from the manhole. No flexible compression joints shall beembedded in the manhole base.

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For SI units: 1 inch = 25 mm, 1 inch per foot = 83.33 mm/m

(See also Appendix KH, Private Sewage Disposal Systems. For alternatemethods of sizing drainage piping, see Appendix LH.)

TABLE 7-8 717.0MAXIMUM/MINIMUM FIXTURE UNIT LOADING ON BUILDING

SEWER PIPING

SIZE OF PIPE,(Iinches) (mm)

SLOPE,(Iinches per foot) (mm/m)

1⁄16 (5.2) 1⁄8 (10.4) 1⁄4 (20.8)

6 andsmaller (150) (As specified in Table 7-5 703.2/

No minimum loading)8 (200) 1,950/1,500 2,800/625 3,900/27510 (250) 3,400/1,600 4,900/675 6,800/30012 (300) 5,600/1,700 8,000/725 11,200/325

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720.0 Sewer and Water Pipes.Building sewers or drainage piping of clay or materials thatare not approved for use within a building shall not be runor laid in the same trench as the water pipes unless both ofthe following requirements are met:(1) The bottom of the water pipe, at points, shall be not less

than twelve (12) inches (305 mm) above the top of thesewer or drain line.

(2) The water pipe shall be placed on a solid shelf exca-vated at one (1) side of the common trench with a clearhorizontal distance of not less than twelve (12) inches(305 mm) from the sewer or drain line.

(3) Water pipes crossing sewer or drainage piping con-structed of clay or materials that are not approved foruse within a building shall be laid not less than twelve(12) inches (305 mm) above the sewer or drain pipe.

Note: For the purpose of this section, “within the building”shall mean within the fixed limits of the building founda-tion.

721.0 Location.721.1 Building Sewer. Except as provided in Section721.2, no building sewer shall be located in any a lot otherthan the lot that is the site of the building or structureserved by such sewer nor shall any a building sewer belocated at any a point having less than the minimumdistances indicated referenced in Table 7-7 721.1.721.2 Abutting Lot. Nothing contained in this code shallbe construed to prohibit the use of all or part of an abuttinglot to:(1) Provide access to connect a building sewer to an avail-

able public sewer when where proper cause and legaleasement, not in violation of other requirements, hasbeen first established to the satisfaction of theAuthority Having Jurisdiction.

(2) Provide additional space for a building sewer whenwhere proper cause, transfer of ownership, or change ofboundary, not in violation of other requirements, hasbeen first established to the satisfaction of the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction. The instrument recording suchaction shall constitute an agreement with the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction and shall clearly state and show thatthe areas so joined or used shall be maintained as a unitduring the time they are so used. Such an agreement shallbe recorded in the office of the County Recorder as partof the conditions of ownership of said properties, andshall be binding on heirs, successors, and assigns to suchproperties. A copy of the instrument recording suchproceedings shall be filed with the Authority HavingJurisdiction.

722.0 Abandoned Sewers and Sewage DisposalFacilities.722.1 Building (House) Sewer. Every An abandonedbuilding (house) sewer, or part thereof, shall be plugged orcapped in an approved manner within five (5) feet (1,524mm) of the property line.722.2 Cesspools, Septic Tank, and Seepage Pit.Every A cesspool, septic tank, and seepage pit that has beenabandoned or has been discontinued otherwise from furtheruse, or to which no waste or soil pipe from a plumbingfixture is connected, shall have the sewage removed there-from and be completely filled with earth, sand, gravel,concrete, or other approved material.722.3 Filling. The top cover or arch over the cesspool,septic tank, or seepage pit shall be removed before filling,and the filling shall not extend above the top of the verticalportions of the sidewalls or above the level of any the outletpipe until inspection has been called and the cesspool,septic tank, or seepage pit has been inspected. After suchinspection, the cesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit shall befilled to the level of the top of the ground.

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Buildings or structures1 2 feet (610 mm)

Property line adjoining private property Clear2

Water supply wells 50 feet3 (15,240 mm)

Streams 50 feet (15,240 mm)

On-site domestic water service line 1 feet4 (305 mm)

Public water main 10 feet5, 6 (3,048 mm)

TABLE 7-7 721.1MINIMUM HORIZONTAL DISTANCE REQUIRED FROM BUILDING SEWER

For SI units: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mmNote:1 Including porches and steps, whether covered or uncovered; breezeways; roofed portecocheres; roofed patios; carports; covered walks; covered drive-

ways; and similar structures or appurtenances.2 See also Section 3131.3.3 Drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by not less than fifty (50) feet (15,240 mm). This distance shall be permitted to be reduced to not

less than twenty-five (25) feet (7,620 mm) when the drainage piping is constructed of materials approved for use within a building.4 See Section 720.0.5 For parallel construction.6 For crossings, approval by the Health Department or Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be required.

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722.4 Ownership. No person owning or controlling any acesspool, septic tank, or seepage pit on the premises of suchperson or in that portion of any a public street, alley, orother public property abutting such premises, shall fail,refuse, or neglect to comply with the provisions of thissection or upon receipt of notice so to comply from theAuthority Having Jurisdiction.722.5 Disposal Facilities. Where disposal facilities areabandoned consequent to connecting any a premises withthe public sewer, the permittee making the connection shallfill abandoned facilities as required by the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction within thirty (30) days from the time ofconnecting to the public sewer.

723.0 Building Sewer Test.Building sewers shall be tested by plugging the end of thebuilding sewer at its points of connection with the publicsewer or private sewage disposal system and completelyfilling the building sewer with water from the lowest to thehighest point thereof, or by approved equivalent low-pres-sure air test. Plastic DWV piping systems shall not betested by the air test method. The building sewer shall bewater-tight at all points.

Part IIIVacuum Waste Drainage Systems.

724.0 General.This section regulates the design and installation provisionsfor vacuum waste drainage systems. Plans for vacuumwaste drainage systems shall be submitted to the AuthorityHaving Jurisdiction for approval and shall be considered anengineered designed system. Such plans shall be preparedby a registered or licensed person to perform plumbingdesign work. Details are necessary to ensure compliancewith the requirements of this section, together with a fulldescription of the complete installation including quality,grade of materials, equipment, construction, and methodsof assembly and installation. Components, materials, andequipment shall comply with standards and specificationslisted in Table 1401.1 of this code or approved by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction and other national consensusstandards applicable to plumbing systems and materials.Where such standards and specifications are not available,alternate materials and equipment shall be approved inaccordance with Section 301.2.724.1 System Design. Vacuum waste drainage systemsshall be designed and installed in accordance with themanufacturer’s installation instructions. A vacuum wastedrainage system shall include a vacuum generating system,waste collection center, piping network, vacuum valve, andcontrol components used to isolate the vacuum pipingnetwork from atmospheric pressure and to collect waste at

its point of origin. Where a vacuum system provides theonly means of sanitation, duplicate vacuum generatingequipment set to operate automatically shall be installed toallow the system to continue in operation during periods ofmaintenance.

724.1.1 Vacuum Generating System. Thevacuum generating station shall include vacuum pumpsto create a constant vacuum pressure within the pipingnetwork and storage tanks. The discharge from thetank shall be through an airgap in accordance withTable 603.3.1. Operation of pumps, collection tanks,and alarms shall be automated by controls. Thevacuum pumps shall be activated on demand andaccessible for repair or replacement. The vent from thevacuum pump shall be provided for vacuum pump airexhaust, and shall be of a size capable of handling thetotal air volume of the vacuum pump.724.1.2 Waste Collection Center or StorageTanks. Vacuum collection center or storage tanksshall be of such capacity as to provide storage of wasteto prevent fouling of the system. Such collection orstorage tank shall be capable of withstanding 150percent of the rated vacuum (negative pressure) createdby the vacuum source without leakage or collapse.Waste collection center or storage tanks shall be acces-sible for adjustment, repair, or replacement.724.1.3 Piping Network. The piping network shallbe under a continuous vacuum and shall be designed towithstand 150 percent of the vacuum (negative pres-sure) created by the vacuum source within the systemwithout leakage or collapse. Sizing the piping networkshall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s installa-tion instructions. The water closet outlet fitting shallconnect with a piping network having not less than a 11/2 inch (40 mm) nominal inside diameter.724.1.4 Vacuum Interface Valve. A closedvacuum interface valve shall be installed to separatethe piping network vacuum from atmospheric pressure.A control device shall open the vacuum interface valvewhere a signal is generated to remove waste from theplumbing fixture.724.1.5 Control Components. Where a pneumaticsignal is generated at the controller, a vacuum from thesystem to open the extraction valve shall be designedto operate where vacuum pressure exists to remove theaccumulated waste. Each tank shall incorporate a levelindicator switch that automatically controls thedischarge pump and warn of malfunction or blockageas follows:(1) Start discharge.(2) Stop discharge.(3) Activate an audible alarm where the level of

effluent is usually high.(4) Warning of system shutdown where tank is full.

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724.2 Fixtures. Fixtures utilized in a vacuum wastedrainage system shall be in accordance with referencedstandards listed in Table 1401.1. Components shall be ofcorrosion resistant materials. The water closet outlet shallbe able to pass a 1 inch (25mm) diameter ball and shallhave a smooth, impervious surface. The waste outlet andpassages shall be free of obstructions, recesses, or cham-bers that are capable of permitting fouling. The mechanicalvalve and its seat shall be of such materials and design toprovide a leak-free connection where at atmospheric pres-sure or under vacuum. The flushing mechanism shall be sodesigned as to ensure proper cleansing of the interiorsurfaces during the flushing cycle at a minimum operatingflow rate. Mechanical seal mechanisms shall withdrawcompletely from the path of the waste discharge duringflushing operation. Each mechanical seal vacuum watercloset shall be equipped with a listed vacuum breaker. Thevacuum breaker shall be mounted with the critical level ormarking not less than 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the flood-level rim of the fixture. Vacuum breakers shall be installedon the discharge side of the last control valve in the potablewater supply line and shall be located so as to be protectedfrom physical damage and contamination.724.3 Drainage Fixture Units. Drainage fixture unitsshall be determined by the manufacturer’s installationinstructions. The pump discharge load from the collectortanks shall be in accordance with this chapter.724.4 Water Supply Fixture Units. Water supplyfixture units shall be determined by the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions.724.5 Materials. Materials used for water distributionpipe and fittings shall be in accordance with Table 604.1.Materials used for above ground drainage shall be in accor-dance with Table 701.1 and shall have a smooth bore, andbe constructed of non-porous material.724.6 Traps and Cleanouts. Traps and cleanouts shallbe installed in accordance with Chapter 7 and Chapter 10.724.7 Testing. The entire vacuum waste system shall besubjected to a vacuum test of 29 inches of mercury (98kPa) or not less than the working pressure of the system for30 minutes. The system shall be gastight and watertight atall points. Verification of test results shall be submitted tothe Authority Having Jurisdiction.724.8 Manufacturer’s Installation Instructions.Manufacturer’s installation instructions shall be providedfor the purpose of providing information regarding safe andproper operating instructions whether or not as part of thecondition of listing in order to determine compliance. Suchinstructions shall be submitted and approved by theAuthority Having Jurisdiction.

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