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Report on “Carbon Nano Materials and
Applications Workshop” Chaired by: Dr. G.P. “Bud” Peterson,
Georgia Institute of Technology
Haiping Hong
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
有朋自远方来, 不亦乐乎? How happy we are, To meet friends from afar!
Confucius
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Hosted by the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
October 30 – November 1, 2011, Radisson Hotel, Rapid City, SD
Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
著名景点 BlackHill, SD
Mount Rushmore
Bad land
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Workshop organizing committee:
Chair: Dr. G.P. 'Bud' Peterson, President, Georgia Institute of Technology
Co-Chair: Dr. Haiping Hong, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
Workshop steering committee:
Dr. Ronald White, Vice President of Research, South Dakota School of Mines & Technolgy
Mrs. Pauline Smith, Program Manager, US Army Research Laboratory
Dr. Sumanta Acharya, Manager, US NSF Thermal Transport Program
Dr. Edward Duke, Director, South Dakota NASA EPSCoR Program
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Workshop Sponsors: South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, U.S.
Army Research Laboratory, South Dakota NASA Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
(EPSCoR), and the National Science Foundation.
Workshop Chair: Dr. G.P. “Bud” Peterson, president of the Georgia Institute of Technology (front row far right),
Co-chair: Dr. Haiping Hong, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (front row center)
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Video report
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
8
Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Workshop Scope and Topics:
The main topics are: Nanofluids, Carbon Naotube, and Graphene. Their applications
include use as Interface Materials, Coatings & Composites, etc. They could also be
categorized in detail as follows:
• Synthesis and functionalization of carbon nano materials: C60, carbon nanotubes,
graphene, etc
• Nanofluids containing carbon nano materials: synthesis, characterization, and thermal
properties
• Thermal conductivity of carbon nano materials
• Carbon nano materials as interface materials in cooling
• Magnetically sensitive particle coatings on carbon nano materials
• Carbon nano material alignment and self assembly
• Carbon nano materials as fillers for polymer composite applications
• Carbon nano materials for lubricant and grease applications
• Carbon nano materials for sensing, diagnostics, imaging, and electronic applications
• Carbon nano materials for energy (OLED, solar cell) and environmental applications
• Carbon nano materials for biological and medical applications
• Carbon nano materials for catalytic applications
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
More than 70 people from government agencies, national labs, universities
and industries, attended the carbon nano workshop
Dr. G.P. “Bud” Peterson
President, Georgia Institute of Technology, Chair
Dr. Sungho Jin
University of California-San Diego, Academy of Engineering member
Dr. Shashi Karna
Army Research laboratory, ARL elected Fellow
Dr. Sumanta Acharya
Manager, US NSF Thermal Transport Program
Dr. Edward Duke
Director, South Dakota NASA EPSCoR Program
Mrs. Pauline Smith
Technical Coordinate Office, US Army Research Laboratory
Dr. Ronald White
Vice President of Research, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
Dr. Gang Chen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Academy of Engineering member
Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Some invited speakers (shown counter-clockwise from left):
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Full List of Invited Speakers:
• Sumanta Acharya (Louisiana State University, Manager, NSF Thermal Transport
Program), Perspectives from the National Science Foundation
• Ed Billups (Rice University), Functional carbon nanotubes, C60, and graphene
• Gang Chen (MIT, member of academy engineering), Thermal heat transfer
• Baratunde A. Cola (Georgia Institute of Technology), heat transfer, nanomaterial
• Samuel Graham (Georgia Institute of Technology), Carbon nanotubes, organic
electronic
• Sungho Jin (University of California, San Diego, member of academy engineering),
Magnetic properties, electromagnetic processes
• Shashi Karna (Army Research lab, ARL elected Fellow), Nanofunctional materials
• Calvin Hong Li (Villanova University), Thermal transport
• Jing Li (NASA Ames Research Center), Carbon nanotubes, electrical conductivity,
sensor applications
• Jan A Puszynski (SDSMT), Carbon nanotube coating, energetic material
• Jules Routbort (Argonne National Laboratory), Nanofluids
• Jerry Shan (Rutger University), Carbon Nanotube, alignment
• Xingwei Wang (Iowa State University), Heat Transfer, Thermal Conductivity
• Andy Waynick (NCH Inc.), Greases, lubricants, and fluid suspensions
• Wenhua Yu (Argonne National Laboratory), Nanofluids
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Radisson Hotel, Rapid City, SD
Program Schedule
Sunday, October 30, 2011
4:00 – 6:00 p.m. Registration Hospitality Center, Suite 303
6:00 – 8:00 p.m. Welcome Reception Ballroom
Monday, October 31, 2011
7:00 – 8:00 a.m. Breakfast Enigma Restaurant
8:00 – 8:15 a.m. Welcome, Dr. Robert A. Wharton, President, SDSMT Ballroom
8:15 – 8:30 a.m. Program Overview and Announcements, Ballroom
Dr. G.P. “Bud” Peterson, President, Georgia Institute of Technology
8:30 – 8:45 a.m. Mrs. Pauline Smith, Army Research Lab Ballroom
8:45 – 9:15 a.m. Dr. Sumanta Achaya, National Science Foundation Ballroom
Research Priorities in Thermal Transport at NSF
9:15 – 9:30 a.m. Dr. Edward Duke, South Dakota NASA EPSCoR
Program Manager, Ballroom
9:30 – 9:45 a.m. Break
9:45 – 10:30 a.m. Dr. Sungho Jin, University of California, San Diego Ballroom
Nanostructures and Applications Based on Carbon Nanotubes
10:30 – 11:15 a.m. Dr. Gang Chen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ballroom
Peculiar Transport in Graphite Suspensions
11:15 – 12:00 noon Dr. Shashi Karna, Army Research Laboratory Ballroom
Growth, Characterization, and Electron Transport Studies
of Carbon Nanostructures
12:00 – 1:00 p.m. Lunch Enigma Restaurant
Program Schedule (continued) Monday, October 31, 2011
Breakout Session 1 Ballroom A
Carbon Nanotube:
1:00 – 1:35 p.m. Dr. Jan A. Puszynski, SDSMT
Application of Carbon Nanotubes in Energetic Systems
1:35 – 2:15 p.m. Dr. Ed Billups, Rice University
Carbon Nanomaterials
2:15 – 2:45 p.m. Dr. Jing Li, NASA Ames Research Laboratory
Carbon Nanotube based Nanotechnology for NASA Mission Needs and Societal Applications
2:45 – 3:00 p.m. Break
3:00 – 3:30 p.m. Dr. Baratunde A. Cola, Georgia Institute of Technology
Carbon Nanotube Forests as Thermal Interface Materials: Challenges and Opportunities
3:30 – 4:00 p.m. Dr. Jerry Shan, Rutger University
Suspensions of Highly Anisotropic Particles with Field-Induced Microstructure: Fundamentals
and Potential Applications
Breakout Session 2 Ballroom B
Nanofluids:
1:00 – 1:40 p.m. Dr. Jules Routbort, Argonne National Laboratory
Thermal Properties of Ceramic-based Nanofluids
1:40 – 2:15 p.m. Dr. Wenhua Yu, Argonne National Laboratory
Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow
2:15 – 2:45 p.m. Dr. Calvin Hong Li, Villanova University
Advances in Biofuel, Medicine, and Energy Efficiency with NanoEngineered Materials
2:45 – 3:00 p.m. Break
3:00 – 3:20 p.m. Dr. William Cross, SDSMT
Nanoparticle Inks for Energy Harvesting Applications
3:20 – 3:40 p.m. Dr. Debjyoti Banerjee, Texas A&M University
Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage
3:40 – 4:00 p.m. Dr. Donghyun Shin, University of Texas at Arlington
Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Thermal Energy Storage
4:00 – 5:15 p.m. Group Discussions: Carbon Nanotube, Nanofluids, Graphene
6:00 p.m. Dinner Ballroom
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Program Schedule (continued)
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
7:00 – 8:00 a.m. Breakfast Enigma Restaurant
Breakout Session 3 Ballroom A
Carbon Nanotube:
8:00 – 8:20 a.m. Dr. Andy Waynick, NCH, Inc.
Carbon Nanotube Based Grease
8:20 – 8:40 a.m. Dr. Chen Li, University of South Carolina
Super-nucleating Interfaces Made from Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
8:40 – 9:00 a.m. Dr. Jorge Alvarado,
Adsorption of Methanol in an Activated Carbon and Carbon Nanotube Matrix
9:00 – 9:20 a.m. Dr. Alevtina Smirnova, SDSMT
Carbon Aerogel Materials as Fuel Cell Catalytic Substrates
9:20 – 9:40 a.m. Dr. Haiping Hong, SDSMT
Carbon Nanotube Applications: Grease, Reinforced Membrane and Fluids
9:40 – 10:00 p.m. Break
Breakout Session 4 Ballroom B
Graphene:
8:00 – 8:30 a.m. Dr. Xinwei Wang, Iowa State University
Graphene-SiC Interface: Extremely Localized Thermal Probing and Thermal Resistance
8:30 – 9:00 a.m. Dr. Samuel Graham, Jr., Georgia Institute of Technology
Direct Synthesis of Large Area Graphene Films from Solid Source Precursors
9:00 – 9:20 a.m. Dr. Huixin He, Rutger University
Rapid Production of Highly Conductive and Amphiphilic Graphene Sheets
9:20 – 9:40 a.m. Dr. Xingzhong Yan, SDSU
Graphene for Reversible Hydrazine Fiber Optic Sensors
9:40 – 10:00 p.m. Break
10:00 – 11:30 a.m. Group Discussions: Carbon Nanotube, Nanofluids, Graphene
11:30 – 11:40 a.m. Wrap-Up from Breakout Sessions Ballroom
“Where Do We Go From Here?”
12:00 Lunch Enigma Restaurant
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Follow up (Impact):
1. To meet the new challenges and opportunities of carbon nano material technology
with focus on nanofluids, carbon nanotube, and graphene, we are working on
forming the Carbon Nano Material Alliance, lead by Dr. G.P. “Bud” Peterson.
2. Important research projects and directions are being summarized, and priority areas
where future research should be focused will be identified, too.
3.A workshop report that summarizes the discussions and recommendations of the group
will be submitted for publication in a widely read international journal. It will target an
interdisciplinary audience and help the broader scientific community to better understand
important issues related to carbon nanomaterials and applications and their potential
benefits to society.
4. We will look for seed grants from various agencies to initiate the collaboration.
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Carbon Nano Material: Challenging and Opportunity
Nanofluids:
Requirement:
For heat transfer application that require large heat removal: large thermal conductivity enhancement with
small viscosity increase. The amount of TC enhancement depends on specific application.
What we feel is that we wouldn’t make any breakthroughs in this interesting and challenging field without
understanding the fundamental scientific nature of nanofluids. In this point, surface chemistry and material
play a critical role.
Challenging:
1. Stability, since inorganic nanoparticles such as metal oxides (Fe2O3, Al2O3) and carbon nanotubes are
hydrophobic.
2. Heat transfer enhancement is too low for practical applications.
3. No theory fits all experimental observations.
4. Funding sources are limited and often are application specific.
Opportunity:
1. Particle stability could be improved by functionalization, chemical treatment and surfactant.
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
---Continuous:
2. Understanding more of surface chemistry of nanoparticles such as particles size, shape, pH, viscosity,
zeta potential, etc
3. Understanding further of particle alignment, aggregation, solvent effect, etc
4. Understanding the effect on interface for nanofluids by experimental including Raman spectroscopy and
theoretical methods, including molecular dynamics
5. Opportunity for enhancement of mass specific heat capacity (Cp)
6. Thermal storage possibilities, concentration solar powder (CSP)
7. May find opportunities in some thermal applications under static conditions.
8. Particle-liquid interface effects on Cp: induces phase change.
9. Synthesis new nanoparticles with special multifunctional group.
10. Aligned carbon nanotube by external magnetic field in the fluids could be applied in polymer composite
with enhanced physical properties.
11. Using some existant theory, model and method to predict (simulate) the TC value with alignment under
magnetic field.
12. What properties of carbon nanotubes would make them useable in a flowing system, physical parameters
such as L/D ration, functionalization or coatings?
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Carbon nanotube:
Thermal science and application of carbon nanotube.
Challenging:
1. There is need for tunable grease with different viscosities. The question is how to modify the viscosity.
2. It is possible to align nanotube into substrate. The challenging is how to use it in the nanofluids and
polymer composite.
3. High conductive thermal interface material, due to the interface (contact) between nanotube and metal
such as Ag, Cu, In, etc.
Opportunity:
1. If the price for carbon nanotube (single wall) decreases to less than 1$/g, it will make some nanotube
products such as nanogrease commercially competitive.
2. During the meeting, we learned that it is possible to get a 99% metallic nanotube (www.nanointegris.com)
that is very encouraging for thermal interfacial material.
3. Also, it is possible to get 99% semiconducting nanotube. The discovery may (could) revolutionize the way
solar power is harvested.
4. It is well known that prime nanotube could be aligned by AC electrical field. It could be interesting to
explore the functional nanotube could be aligned by AC electrical field or a magnetic field.
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
Graphene:
Opportunity:
1. Dynamic thermal transport behavior of graphene in fluid. First, graphene is flat, very thin and has very high
interface area with the base liquid (at least twice that for CNT). Second, graphene is soft, compared to CNTs.
So graphene could fold/unfold when it is immersed in liquid, it will feature fast oscillating behavior. Such
oscillation will induce relative movement between liquid molecules and the graphene surface, leading to
potentially enhanced conduction/reduced interface thermal resistance. The viscosity might be quite high.
Further research could be in studying the thermal transport behavior and interface thermal conduction for
liquid dispersed with graphene.
2. Graphene-based ultrafast and ultrasensitive acoustic sensors. Graphene is very thin and has very little
mass. This means it could be used as an ultra-performance membrane covering a pre-prepared hole to form a
novel microphone. Such microphone will have the capability to pick up very weak ultrasonic signals. At present,
ultrasonic sensors require quite high signal to measure and has low sensitivity. So the graphene-based
ultrasonic or subsonic sensors can be used as the third ear of soldiers to hear these subsonic and ultrasonic
signals induced by machines and explosions in very far distance. This will provide critical information and help
soldiers to significantly reduce casualty in wars.
3. A significantly simplified technique to grow large scale graphene with good quality control is possible. Also,
it is possible to get soluble large scale graphene in solution. These techniques can be used to fabricate various
sensors for optical and chemical sensing with complicated feature structures.
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
---Continuous:
4. Graphene oxide is soluble in water and organic solvent. According to layer structure and oscillating behavior,
the fluids based on this material should have high thermal properties. Besides this, graphene oxide could be
dissolved in the polymer solution. It is also possible to reduce the grapheme oxide to prime graphene.
Therefore, such polymer graphene composite is very attractive having high thermal, electrical, and mechanical
properties. Focus will be on thermal.
5. Graphene has good electronic mobility and conductivity. Together with carbon nanotube, they may replace
Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as the electrode.
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Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop
Oral 030412 NSF/ONR thermal workshop
It is not the end. It is just the beginning.