Report of Tsunami Modeling Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing Training

8/9/2019 Report of Tsunami Modeling Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing Training

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Training Programme on Tsunami Modeling,Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing

Course Report

October 27, 2008 to November 07, 2008

INCOIS, Hyderabad, India

Participating countries:

Bangladesh, Comoros, India, Maldives, Malaysia, Mauritius,Madagascar, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Thailand and Tanzania


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Training Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing , October 27, 2008 to November 07, 2008

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Table of Contents

A. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3B. Training instructors and facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

C. Training programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Time Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Detailed Syllabus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

D. Organisation Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12E. Examination and certification of participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14F. Feedback and suggestions from participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14G. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Annexure I: List of Training Course Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Annexure II: List of Country wise participants .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Annexure III: Trainee Selection Procedures, Criteria and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Annexure IV: List of Lecturers and Trainers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Annexure V: Evaluation form .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Annexure VI: Certificate (example). . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The participants of the " Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing "training with Dr Travin, Dr Shailesh Nayak, Dr. Srinivasa Kumar and Dr Ravi Chandran infront of the INCOIS Auditorium.


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A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IOC/UNESCO has chosen INCOIS to host the Training programme on Tsunami modeling,

Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing for Indian Ocean Rim countries during 27 October2008 to 07 November 2008 at INCOIS, Hyderabad, India. Sixteen participants from twelvecounties of the Indian Ocean (Bangladesh, Comoros, India, Maldives, Malaysia, Mauritius,Madagascar, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Thailand and Tanzania) attended this trainingprogramme. INCOIS / IOGOOS Secretariat have been working closely with the Capacity-development Section of IOC in its efforts to enhance operational capacity in the IndianOcean Region.

The twelve-day training programme enhanced the skills of the participants to undertake thedifferent tasks involved in Tsunami Modeling: i) Establishment of the national andinternational network of the data sources, ii) Process bathymetric, topographic and shorelinedata, iii) Evaluate and edit data using existing Modelers, iv) Develop coastal DigitalEvaluation Model (DEM) using gridding algorithm, v) Evaluate DEMs, vi) Learn therequirements for bathymetric and topographic data valid for inundation maps construction,and vii) Learn how to produce inundation maps.

IOC and INCOIS have broadened the scope of this Modeling Training workshop to includeRemote Sensing components. This allows IOGOOS to implement important decisions fromthe IOGOOS V Meeting which was to conduct a remote sensing training programmeaddressing the remote sensing capacity building needs of the proposed pilot projects viz. (i)Coastal Keystone Ecosystems, (ii) Coastal Shoreline Changes and (iii) Chlorophyll-aMapping.

Topics covered were the tsunami modelling (Mathematical Concepts of Tsunami modelling,Subduction Zone Earthquakes, Data Sources for Tsunami Modelling), Tsunami early warningsystems, Bathymetric data preparation, issues in bathymetric data merging, Remotesensing, Generation of DEM & Inundation Mapping and Image processing

The participants were highly satisfied with the quality of the training. In general, theaffirmation was above the 90% level. This is in particular remarkable, by the end of thetraining participants were able to execute Tsunami Model and generated inundation maps fortheir areas of interest.

The participants remarked that the time for the training was too short. One has to admit, thatthe two-weeks training was intended to give an introduction and a first guide to apply thesubject and the software. Further and more specialised training may be done later, e.g.following a longer application of the softwares at the participant's organisation. Also a re-evaluation of the then established situation would be useful.


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B. TRAINING INSTRUCTORS AND FACILITIES

The training was provided by experts from different organizations (Indian National Centre forOcean Information Services (INCOIS), Integrated Coastal and Marine Area ManagementProject Directorate (ICMAM), National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) etc) in India &Alfred Wagner Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Germany. The course was held inthe facilities of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) inHyderabad, under Ministry of Earth Science, Government of India.

The lecturers and trainers are from organizations and universities with various tasks andfields of work. In total 14 instructors were involved in the training. The names and affiliationsof the trainers are given in Annexure IV.

The Training Centre at INCOIS is located at the following address :

Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS)Near ALEAP, Opp. JNTU Road,Post Box-21, Ocean Valley,IDA Jeedimetla,Hyderabad-500055,IndiaTel: +91-40-23895006

+91-40-23895011 (24 hrs)Fax: +91-40-23892910

+91-40-23895012E-mail : [email protected] (Coordinator of this Training)Website: www.incois.gov.in


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C. TRAINING PROGRAMME

TIME SCHEDULE

Training Program Week 1 (of 2)

Inauguration of the Training Programme on October 27, 2008 from 0900 Hrs to 0930 Hrs

DAY DATE SESSION I(0930 - 1100)

SESSION II(1115 - 1300)

SESSION III(1400 - 1530)

SESSION IV(1545 - 1715)

Monday 27/10/08 Introduction toSubduction ZoneEarthquakes

Introduction toTsunami Modelling.Listing & definingterminology

Installation of TUNAMI N2 Model

Tuesday 28/10/08 Tsunami EarlyWarning Systems

Data Sources forTsunami Modelling

Demo of Indian Tsunami Early WarningSystem at INCOIS

Wednesday 29/10/08 MathematicalConcepts ofTsunami Modelling

Generation of DEM& InundationMapping using GIS

Generation and Evaluation of DEM usingGIS

Thursday 30/10/08 Basics of RemoteSensing

MOST and Commit Image Processing Hands on

Friday 31/10/08 Data Preparationfor TsunamiModelling

Issues inBathymetric DataMerging

Bathymetric Data Preparation Hands on

Saturday 01/11/08 GeographicInformationSystems (GIS), anintroduction

Best Practices inTsunami EarlyWarning

Data PreparationHands on

Course participantswork to beevaluated

Sunday 02/11/08 Field trip to Hi-tech city & IT Park, Salarjung Museum, Charminar, Tankband &Golconda fort


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Training Program Week 2 (of 2)

DAY DATE SESSION I(0930 - 1100)

SESSION II(1115 - 1300)

SESSION III(1400 - 1530)

SESSION IV(1545 - 1715)

Monday 03/11/08GROUP 1: Coarse Grid Tsunami Modelling using TUNAMI N2 Model - Model Set up,Execution and Analysis

GROUP 2: Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Mangroves

Tuesday 04/11/08GROUP 1: Fine Grid Tsunami Modelling using TUNAMI N2 Model - Model Set up,Execution and AnalysisGROUP 2: Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Coral Reefs

Wednesday 05/11/08 GROUP 1: Tsunami Modelling by Participants using Local DatasetsGROUP 2: Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Coastal Shoreline Changes

Thursday 06/11/08GROUP 1: Tsunami Modelling by Participants using Local DatasetsGROUP 2: Ocean Colour Remote Sensing and Data Analysis

Friday 07/11/08 Presentations, Feedback, Discussions and Conclusions. Distribution of Certificates

Inauguration of training workshop by Dr. Shailesh Nayak, Secretary, Ministry of EarthSciences


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DETAILED SYLLABUS

Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing Training Programme detailedsyllabus

1. Tsunami Modelling:

1.1 Introduction to Subduction zone earthquakesTsunamis are caused mainly due to under water earthquakes. In this lecture, topics werecovered about plate tectonics, earthquakes and seismic wave types, locatingearthquakes, magnitude and moment, earthquake focal mechanisms and momenttensors, diversity of earthquakes, earthquakes and tsunamis, w-phase and its utility inrapid tsunami hazard assessment.Lecturer/trainer: Dr. M. Ravi Kumar

1.2 Introduction to Tsunami Modelling Tsunamis result in generation of waves of different period and height that are termed assurges. These wave parameters depend on earthquake source parameters, bathymetry,beach profile, coastal land topography and presence of coastal structures. These surgescause flooding of seawater into the land as much as 1 km or even more resulting in lossof human life and damage to property. To minimise such losses, it is imperative toprepare Coastal Vulnerability maps indicating the areas likely to be affected due toflooding and rending damage. Models such as Tunami N2 and MOST being globally usedfor this purpose predict surges for different scenarios and indicate the extent ofinundation of seawater into the land. This information could be used for takingprecautionary and mitigation measures such as evacuation of people, avoiding humansettlements, large investment, designing of appropriate structures etc. in the risk proneareas. Information from remote sensing and field investigations are being integrated in

GIS for modelling and mapping of inundation of seawater for determination of setbacklines, planning coastal defences, etc. Lecturer/trainer: Dr. M.V. Ramana Murthy

1.3 Demo of the Indian Tsunami early warning system A state-of-the-art early warning centre is established at INCOIS with all the necessarycomputational and communication infrastructure that enables reception of real-time datafrom all the sensors, analysis of the data, generation and dissemination of tsunamiadvisories following a standard operating procedure. The Early Warning Centre receivesreal-time Seismic data from the national seismic network of the Indian MeteorologicalDepartment (IMD) and other International seismic networks. The system detects allearthquake events of more than 6 Magnitude occurring in the Indian Ocean in the lessthan 15 minutes of occurrence. BPRs installed in the Deep Ocean are the key sensors toconfirm the triggering of a Tsunami. The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)has installed 4 BPRs in the Bay of Bengal and the 2 BPRs in Arabian Sea. In addition,NIOT and Survey of India (SOI) have installed 30 Tide Gauges to monitor the progress oftsunami waves. Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM) hascustomised and ran the Tsunami Model for 5 historical earthquakes and the predictedinundation areas. The inundated areas are being overlaid on cadastral level maps of1:5000 scale. These community-level inundation maps are extremely useful for assessingthe population and infrastructure at risk. High-resolution Coastal Topography datarequired for modelling is generated by the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)using ALTM and Cartosat Data. INCOIS has also generated a large database of model


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scenarios for different earthquakes that are being used for operational tsunami earlywarning. Tsunami warnings/watches are then generated based on pre-set decisionsupport rules and disseminated to the concerned authorities for action, following aStandard Operating Procedure. The efficiency of the system was proved during the largeunder-sea earthquake of 8.4 M that occurred on September 12, 2007 in the IndianOcean. End of this session the participants visited end-to-end system of tsunami earlywarning centre.Lecturer/trainer: Mr. T. Srinivasa Kumar

1.4 Mathematical Concepts of Tsunami Modelling Tsunamis are generated by large scale displacements of the ocean water. These may becaused by submarine earthquakes, landslides or volcanoes. Any disturbance of the waterwill propagate in all directions in the form of water waves. The motion of water, indeed allfluids, is governed by the laws of hydro-dynamics (fluid mechanics). We will first reviewthe basic physics underlying the laws of hydrodynamics. Tsunamis are mathematicallydescribed by long wavelength wave like solutions of the equations of hydrodynamics, theso called gravity wave solutions. The deep sea wavelengths of the waves that composethe tsunami are very long, ~100KM. This is much greater that the depth of the ocean

which is a few kilometers. In this situation, the water motion can be well modelled by theso called shallow water equations. These equations are two dimensional and are henceare computationally much less intensive that the full three dimensional equations. Theyare the equations which are actually used for tsunami modelling. Discussed the principleson which the shallow water equations are derived and their regime of validity. The lectureconcluded with a discussion of how the process of the generation of the tsunami waves ismodelled.Lecturer/trainer: Mr. R. Shankar

1.5 Data Sources, Data preparation for Tsunami Modelling The overall scope of the tsunami modeling can be divided into three stages: i) generation,ii) propagation and iii) run-up (inundation). The parameters and type of model employed

at three stages is different and depends on the condition of the site. The propagatedtsunami wave from the deep water undergoes changes causing increase in the waveheight at coast due to nearshore bathymetry and coastal morphology such as inlets, sanddunes, water bodies etc. The run up of the tsunami on to land is most undeveloped partof the tsunami model, primarily because of lack of two major types of data high qualityfield measurements for testing of the models and fine resolution bathymetry/ topographicdata. The basic earthquake parameters required for Generation of tsunami models: i)Fault area (length and width), ii) Angle of srtike, dip and slip, iii) Depth of fracture, iv)Dislocation and v) Moment magnitude of the earthquake. The basic parameters requairedfor Propagation of tsunami: i) Bathymetry, ii) Earth curvature, iii) Coriolis force, iv) Oceanparameter such as tides, currents (speed & direction), gravity waves (height, period anddirection) etc.. The basic Runup/inundation parameters are: i) Nearshore bathymetry, ii)Land topography, iii)Coastal geomorphology and iv)Density of coastal habitation/landuse.The quality of data, input to the model often decide the quality of the output generated bythe model. The preparation of the input topographic and bathymetry grid file is often themost time consuming part and extensive care is to be taken to see the quality data that isfed into the model. The whole exercise of running the model for prediction on inundationand run-up would be redundant, if the input bathymetry and topographic files do notreflect the actual conditions on field.Lecturer/trainer: Dr. M.V. Ramana Murthy


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1.6 Bathymetric data preparation and issues in bathymetric data merging Bathymetric data mainly used: i) Bathymetric Modelling and Charting, ii) NauticalCharting, iii) Sedimentation Processes, iv) Ocean Tide Modelling, v) Transport of coldBottom Water, vi) Benthos Ecology and vii) Morphotectonic Studies. In this lectureexplained about bathymetric data preparation, sources of bathymetric data, history ofGEBCO, GEBCO digital atlas, sonar systems, datums, map projection, transformations,data merging, ArcGIS toolbox and explained some of examples.Lecturer/trainer: Dr. Hans Werner Schenke

1.7 Coarse & Fine Grid Tsunami Modelling using TUNAMI-N2 Model and TsunamiModelling by participants using local Datasets The objective of the exercise is to simulate the Tsunami for the region of interest.

Model requirements: The requared files for creating the simulation modelling 1)Bathymetry data (X, Y and Z) for the required study area, 2) Approximates Coordinatesof: i) Lower left corner & upper right corner of A, ii) Lower left corner & upper right cornerof B, iii) Lower left corner & upper right corner of C and iv) Lower left corner & upperright corner of D, and 3) Earthquake parameters (location, depth, magnitude, srtikeangle, dip angle, rake angle, fault lengh and width). Basic required softwares for theTUNAMI-N2 model: i) MATLAB, ii) FORTRAN and SURFER. Once data preparation is

completed,by using tsunami.exe file the simulation can be initiated. After the simulationoutput file comes viz i). tsunami.dat (time series water surface elevations at gaugelocations), ii). Water surface elevations at specified time interval say 1min and iii).Maximum water surface elevation. Lecturer/trainer: Dr. M.V. Ramana Murthy, Mr. Patanjali Kumar and Mr. N.T. Reddy

2. Inundation Mapping:

2.1 Generation of DEM & Inundation Mapping Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is one of the most important datasets for spatial-basedstudies and research. DEMs are data files that contain the elevation of the terrain over aspecified area, usually at a fixed grid interval over the surface of the earth. The intervals

between each of the grid points will always be referenced to some geographicalcoordinate system. A high quality DEM could be generally used as all-purpose dataset,but unfortunately its production could be very expensive. Elevation data is used in theproduction of popular topographic maps. Elevation data, integrated with imagery is alsoused for generating perspective views, useful for tourism, route planning, to optimizeviews for developments, to lessen visibility of forest clear cuts from major transportationroutes, and even golf course planning and development. Elevation models are integratedinto the programming of cruise missiles, to guide them over the terrain. Resourcemanagement, telecommunications planning, and military mapping are some of theapplications associated with DEMs. Inundation mapping for tsunamis are mainly basedon past historical records and the tsunami of the recent past. A GIS based risk atlas isdeveloped using Numerical models to study the extent of inundation and run-up forvarious historic earthquake scenarios. It is provide an estimate of wave height and extent

of inundation in the event of a tsunami.Lecturer/trainer: Dr. Tune Usha

2.2 Basics of GIS Geographic information system (GIS) is a system of hardware, software and proceduresto facilitate the management, manipulation, analysis, modelling, representation anddisplay of georeferenced data to solve complex problems regarding planning andmanagement of resources. Geographic information systems are now used for land useplanning, utilities management, ecosystems modelling, landscape assessment andplanning, transportation and infrastructure planning, market analysis, visual impactanalysis, facilities management, tax assessment, real estate analysis and many other


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applications. Functions of GIS include: data entry, data display, data management,information retrieval and analysis.Lecturer/trainer: Mr. P.M. Bala Maniakavelu

3. Remote Sensing

3.1 Basic principles of Remote Sensing The fundamental principles of remote sensing derive from the characteristics andinteractions of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) as it propagates from source to sensor.Remote sensing is the acquisition of data for deriving information about targets orfeatures located on the earth surface/oceans surface or of the atmosphere. Remotesensing measurements are made through the EMR of Sun or from other sources at a farof distance through a space craft sensor or from an aircraft or from any otherinstruments located on any platform. This technique mainly depends on the principlesEMR propagation and its interaction with the target/material. These principles mainlyrelated to: i) the source of energy (sun/self), amount of energy and type of energy itprovides, ii) the absorption and scattering effects of the atmosphere while transmissionfrom sun/any other self making source to targets, iii) the interaction of EMR with surfacefeatures/targets(reflection/ absorption/scattering /and re-mission) and iv) the nature of

sensor response as determined by the type of sensor.Lecturer/trainer: Mr. K. Hanumantha Rao

3.2 Remote Sensing Data Analysis for Mangroves, Coral reefs, Ocean colour andCoastal shoreline changes

Mangroves: The word mangrove has traditionally been used to describe the totalcommunity or the individual tree/bushes, growing in the clayey, silty, inter-tidal coastalzone, deltaic and estuarine coasts and backwaters regions in the tropical/subtropicalbelts of the world. The most favorable mangroves habitats are those having shelteredenvironments, estuarine and basin muddy soils, good rainfall and temperature rangingfrom 26 0- 28 0C. Remote sensing data is used primarily for: i) Identification of mangrovesin the image scene, ii) Mapping of the mangroves, iii) Change detection (time-scaleanalysis) and iv) Spatial analysis to identify the cause-effects due to human(deforestation and pollution) and natural processes. Remote sensing data has beenanalyzed by participants using ERDAS Imagin software for Mangroves.

Coral Reefs: Coral reefs are an integral part of the earth system biogeochemicalprocesses, including primary production, carbon and calcium storage, and geologicalformations that facilitate water flow and upwelling. Research has demonstrated that coralreefs respond more quickly than any other ecosystem to environmental changes - evento the slightest changes in water temperature - because of their extremely highsensitivity. Despite their importance - both as an ecosystem and barometer forenvironmental change - relatively little is known about coral reefs today. Remote sensingtechnology is the only means to supply the data necessary to map and monitor reefs on aglobal scale in a cost and time effective manner. Remote sensing by satellite offers thepotential to survey coral reef ecosystem health on a geographic scale not previouslypossible. This becomes even more important when one considers the remoteness ofmost reefs and the expense of expeditionary travel. However, it is not a simple taskbecause coral reef environments are optically, spatially, and temporally complex. Toextract meaningful information from satellite imagery, techniques must be developed torelate the electronic signals received by a spacecraft to the optical properties of the reefcommunity and its associated biological processes.


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Ocean colour: Ocean colour results due to the change in the characteristics of theincident solar radiation after interacting with the optically active substances prevailing inthe water column. The ocean reflects the color of the sky, but even on cloudless days thecolor of the ocean is not a consistent blue. Phytoplankton, microscopic plant life thatfloats freely in the lighted surface waters, may alter the color of the water. When a greatnumber of organisms are concentrated in an area, the plankton changes the color of theocean surface. This is called a bloom. Microscopic plant life is at the base of the marinefood web and is the primary food and energy source for the ocean ecosystem.Phytoplankton convert nutrients into plant material by using sunlight with the help of thegreen pigment chlorophyll. The chlorophyll pigments in the plants absorb light, and theplants themselves scatter light. Together, these processes change the color of the oceanas seen by an observer looking downward into the sea. From the Remote sensing,variations in ocean color can be measured with sensitive instruments (Terra and Aqua) .Ocean and land plants are green because chlorophyll absorbs red light but reflects blueand yellow light. Satellite instruments measure the amount of reflected light of differentwavelengths. Remote sensing data has been analyzed by participants using SeaDASsoftware for Ocean colours.

Coastal Shoreline Changes: A coastal zone is the interface between the land andwater. Coastal zones are continually changing because of the dynamic interactionbetween the oceans and the land. Waves and winds along the coast are both erodingrock and depositing sediment on a continuous basis, and rates of erosion and depositionvary considerably from day to day along such zones. The energy reaching the coast canbecome high during storms, and such high energies make coastal zones areas of highvulnerability to natural hazards. Remote sensing data helps and / or replaces theconventional survey by its repetitive and less cost-effectiveness. Hence, in order to studythe coastal processes, the shoreline change, wave action, bathymetry and coastalgeomorphology were analyzed using Remote Sensing and GIS tools. Land waterboundary which depicts the coastline can be clearly demarcated using the remotesensing data. The Infra-Red (IR) band is used because the reflectance from the water inIR band is almost nil. Remote sensing data has been analyzed by participants usingERDAS Imagin and ArcGIS softwares for coastal shoreline changes.

Lecturer/trainer: Dr. Tune Usha, Mr. R.S. Mahedra, Mr. M. Nagaraja Kumar,Mr. Aneesh Lotliker and Mr. M. Raghavendra Srivastava


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Participants in training room of the INCOIS

D. ORGANISATION ASPECTS

The inaugural function was started by welcoming the participants by Director, INCOIS,

followed by opening Remarks by Dr. Travin Dmitri, IOC, and Inaugural remarks by Dr.Shailesh Nayak, Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES).

The training took place in the training room of the seminar block of INCOIS, Hyderabad. Theroom is scheduled for seminars with up to 24 persons, and for this training the tables werearranged in a class-room-like manner. This allowed the lecturers and trainers to go into theaudience and to demonstrate and help individually as well as for small groups ofneighbouring participants.

The room was equipped with a beamer for daylight projection. A local wireless network(WLAN) was established for all the computers in the training room. Personal laptops werealso used partially during the training.

Arc GIS, ArcScene, 3D Analyst, ERDAS Imagine, FORTRAN, Tunami N2, Surfer, MATLABsoftwares installed in training room computers and also installed in personal laptop of theperticipants. Other software and data donations included the GEBCO Digital Atlas (GDA)GDA CE version, kindly supported by the organisation General Bathymetric Chart of theOceans (GEBCO), URL: http://www.gebco.net. The participants also received a folder withvarious hand-outs of the lectures and the practical training and a CD with digital documents.

Accommodation for the participants was provided in the hotel Kasani GR, Hi-tech City,Madhapur, Hyderabad 580081 (Tel: +91-40-40409999) situated about 15 km from INCOIS.The transport of the participants between the hotel and the training centre at INCOIS wasarranged by AP tourism bus since public t ransport was not appropriate.


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On Sunday (November 2) a sight seeing trip was organised by INCOIS to visit the IT parkand some of the historical places of the Hyderabad city. The excursion gave the participantsan insight about the heritage and culture of the city which is a mixture of the modern & oldentraditions. The travel was by bus, passing and visiting some places of interest like the Hi-techcity & IT park, Salarjung museum, Charminar, Tank band & finally viewed the light show atGolconda fort.

On Monday (October 27) evening a social event at the hotel Sitara Grand in Hyderabad wasorganised by INCOIS, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, URL:http://www.incois.gov.in.

Group picture of participants in the part of Hyderabad city tour

E. EXAMINATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PARTICIPANTS

Self-evaluation of the participants before start of the training:

As it was noticed from the applications of the agencies of the Indian Ocean coastal states,the intensity of knowledge and practice in tsunami modelling, inundation mapping & remotesensing of the candidates was very heterogeneous. Therefore, it is a challenge to train agroup of 16 persons with different levels of knowledge and practice in tsunami modelling andinundation mapping.


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Results of examination at the end of the training:

After the training, a written test was conducted to display their skills concerning the differentsubjects. This examination covered the broad width of subjects of the two weeks training.Due to reasons mentioned one may not expect a uniform result. One participant may bebetter in tsunami modelling, another may be better in remote sensing. All participants gainedgood score in this examination. (Annexure-V, Evaluation form with answers).

According to the very different and heterogeneous background and level of professionalexperience, the training is to be considered as successful. INCOIS expects that with suchpositive start in tsunami modelling, inundation mapping & remote sensing the professionalwork of the participants in their home country will continue and will be significantly enhanced.On the last day, the 07 November 2008, the certificates were handed out to the participants(Annexure-VI, certificate example).

F. FEEDBACK AND SUGGESTIONS FROM PARTICIPANTS

In general, the participants were very pleased with the quality of the training. The affirmationwas above the 90% level. This is especially remarkable, because the level of previous know -ledge of the subject "Tsunami Modelling and Inundation mapping was very diverse to theparticipants.

Many participants argued that the time for the training was too short. It is challenging toaddress training to participants with such a varying professional knowledge concerning thetsunami Modelling, inundation mapping and remote sensing.

In a questionnaire, following issues were raised and discussed:

Q: Which part or section or session was very good by your point of view? A:Most of participants mentioned: tsunami modelling and hands on training, remote sensing,Issues on bathymetric data preparation.

Q: Which part or section or session needs improvement by your point of view? A:Participant have different opinions, some said generation of DEM, basics of remote sensing,introduction to GIS needs little more time and some of the participants mentioned about datapreparation, data merging & some of lecture notes could be more elaborate.(Also few subjects were not in the focal interest of some participants.)

Q: What is a very positive result of this training after its completion for your country oryour activities? A:All participants told this training was very useful to themselves and their countries. Some ofthem mentioned that applications of tsunami-N2, GIS, Remote sensing are very useful for

inundation map, risk map & evacuation route map in risk area and learned theory & practicalof remote sensing images & softwares in details. Some of participants said they got goodknowledge in new softwares (such as surfer, matlab, FORTRAN, Gebco, ArcGIS, ERDAS,etc.) and appreciated mathematics behind the tsunami.

Suggestions for additional topics/sessions to be included in theory/practical to meetyour requirements:

Maximum participants opinion was course duration should be longer to enable more time tocover topics adequately, time too short concerning software manipulation. The course wouldhave been extended for some more days for further hands on training. Some of participants


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said that they needed more lectures on remote sensing & DEM creation and some topicsabout Inundation due to the normal sea level rise (SLR) would be of great use.

From the questionnaire the following statements for the training may be summarized:

About the Course overall:

The training matched withmy expectations: 86 % say "Yes" from a range of"Excellent" "Very good" "Good" "Adequate"

7 9

The course helped me a lot: 88 % say "Yes" from a range of

"Excellent" "Very good" "Good" "Adequate"

8 8In total I found the coursevery good:

84 % say "Yes" from a range of


6 10

Content:The topics addressed werevery interesting:

91 % say Yes from a range of


10 6

The knowledge level dealtwith was too high:


"Too high" "High" "Good" "Adequate"

4 9 3

Facilities: 69 % say Yes from a range of"Excellent" "Very good" "Good" "Adequate"

2 8 6

Lectures/theory: 83 % say Yes from a range of


7 7 2

Practical Sessions/hand on: 77 % say Yes from a range of


4 9 3Discussions: 75 % say Yes from a range of


3 10 3

Course Organisation:Whether the period oftraining is more or less, ifless, suggestions for

Most of participants said the period was less; theysuggested one more week would have been ideal.


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additional days:The training was wellorganised:



3 12 1

Any other information wouldyou like to add:

Notes: Please note that not always the sum of votes is equal to 16. The rating and percen -tage is based upon a weighted average. Positive remark "Excellent" has 100, "Very good"has 75, "Good" has 50 and "Adequate" has 25 points points. In this manner, a maximumagreement of 100 % may be possible.

G. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

IOC has funded the travel, per diem and accommodation for the participants of Coast Map-IO Countries. For the IOGOOS participants IOC has agreed to fund their travel andIOOGOOS Secretariat (INCOIS) provided them accommodation. INCOIS also providedTraining facilities including a hall, lunch, tea/coffee on all training days, hosted a dinner onone day, and provided local transport.

The GEBCO organisation kindly supported the GEBCO Digital Atlas latest edition for use bythe participating agencies.

In cooperation with ICMAM and NRSC, the Indian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS) very generously provided the faculty and practical arrangements of thisworkshop.


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Annexure I

List of Training Course Participants

Training Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing

Sl.

No.Name & Address Photo

1 Ms.Thin Thin Nyein

Deputy Superintendent

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology

Ministry of Transport

Kaba-Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangon11061, Yangon, Myanmar.

Tel No: 95-1-665944 / 664791

Fax No: 95-1-665944 / 665704

e-mail: [email protected]

2 Mr.Than Htay Myint

Staff OfficerDepartment of Meteorology & Hydrology, Ministryof TransportKaba-Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangon 11061,Yangon, Myanmar.Tel No: 95-1-665944 / 664791Fax No: 95-1-665944 / 665704e-mail: [email protected]

3 Mr. Anura Ariyaratne

National Hydrographic Office,

NARA, Crow Island, Colombo 15

Sri Lanka

Tel No : +94-11 252 1699


4 Cdr Sheikh Mahmudul Hassan

Hydrographic Directorate of Bangladesh Navy,

Banani Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Tel No : + (088) 02 8858620

Fax No : + (088) 02 8754270

e-mail : [email protected]


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5 Major Md Zulfikar Haider

Engineer, Superintendent of Survey

Survey of Bangladesh

Banani Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh

Tel No : + (088) 02 8858620

Fax No : + (088) 02 8754270


6 Mr. Ahmed Muslim

Department of MeteorologyHulhule' postal code: 22000MaldivesTel No: +960 3323084

Fax No: +960 3320021email: [email protected]

7 Mrs. Ratovoharison VonimpitiavanaMangaharintsoa

Foiben-Taosarintanin I Madagasikara

Rue Dama-Ntsoha Razafintsalama JeanBaptiste-Ambanidie

101Antananativo, Madagascar

Tel No : (261 20) 22 280 78

e-mail: [email protected] ,

[email protected]

8 Mr Dave Roseline

Centre for GIS Seychelles

Independence House (Pox 199)Seychelles

Tel No: +248 761633 / 286900



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9 LT.CDR. Supasit Kongdee

Hydrographic Department Royal Thai Navy, 222Rim Tong Fai Kao Rd., Bangna,Bangkok,Thailand


10 Mr. Othman Said Ahmed

CDNO/CNDRS National Agency ofOceonographical Data of Comoros

Moroni, Comoros


11 Mr. Naim Ahmad Shaik Joomun

Ministry of Housing and LandsEdith Cavell Street, Port Louis,MauritiusTel No: +230 - 2116349Fax No: +230 - 2112612e-mail: [email protected]

12 Ms. Hidaya Senga

TMA Tanzania Meterological Agency

P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tel No : +255 (0)784915086

Fax No: +255 (0)2460718

Email: kanemba@@meteo.go.tz ,

[email protected]


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13 Ejria Saleh

Borneo Marine Research Institute

Ums, Locked Bag 2073,

88999 Kota Kinabalu

Malaysia

Tel No: +06 088 320000 ext 2594


14 Cdr. NSS Sreenivas

Joint Director of Hydrography,

Hydrographic Data Management

India

E-mail : [email protected]

15 Dr Greg M Wagner

Lecturer, University of Dar Es Salaam, Box35064,Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTel No: 255 222410193

Fax No: 255222410480E-mail: [email protected]

16 Dr. Kamal Tennakkoon

National Aquatic Resources Research &Development Agency (NARA)Crow Island, Colombo 15Sri Lanka



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Annexure - II

List of Country wise Participants

Sl. No. Country Name Participants Details

1 Bangladesh 1) Cdr Sheikh Mahmudul Hassan

Hydrographic Directorate of Bangladesh Navy,Banani Dhaka-1213,BangladeshTel No : + (088) 02 8858620Fax No : + (088) 02 8754270e-mail : [email protected]

2 ) Major Md Zulfikar Haider

Engineer, Superintendent of SurveySurvey of BangladeshBanani Dhaka-1213,BangladeshTel No : + (088) 02 8858620Fax No : + (088) 02 8754270e-mail : [email protected]

2 Comoros Mr. Othman Said Ahmed

CDNO/CNDRS National Agency of ceonographical

Data of ComorosMoroni, Comorose-mail: [email protected]

3 India Cdr. NSS Sreenivas

Joint Director of Hydrography,Hydrographic Data ManagementIndiaE-mail : [email protected]

4 Maldives Mr. Ahmed Muslim

Department of MeteorologyHulhule' postal code: 22000MaldivesTel No: +960 3323084Fax No: +960 3320021email: [email protected]

5 Malaysia Ejria Saleh


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Borneo Marine Research InstituteUms, Locked Bag 2073,88999 Kota KinabaluMalaysiaTel No: +06 088 320000 ext 2594e-mail : [email protected]

6 Mauritius Mr. Naim Ahmad Shaik Joomun

Ministry of Housing and LandsEdith Cavell Street, Port Louis,MauritiusTel No: +230 - 2116349Fax No: +230 - 2112612e-mail: [email protected]

7 Madagascar Mrs. Ratovoharison Vonimpitiavana Mangaharintsoa

Foiben-Taosarintanin I MadagasikaraRue Dama-Ntsoha Razafintsalama Jean Baptiste-Ambanidie101Antananativo,MadagascarTel No : (261 20) 22 280 78e-mail: [email protected] ,

[email protected]

8 Myanmar 1) Ms.Thin Thin Nyein

Deputy SuperintendentDepartment of Meteorology and HydrologyMinistry of TransportKaba-Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangon 11061, Yangon,Myanmar.Tel No: 95-1-665944 / 664791Fax No: 95-1-665944 / 665704e-mail: [email protected]

2) Mr.Than Htay Myint

Staff Officer

Department of Meteorology & HydrologyMinistry of TransportKaba-Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangon 11061, Yangon,Myanmar.Tel No: 95-1-665944 / 664791Fax No: 95-1-665944 / 665704e-mail: [email protected]

9 Sri Lanka 1) Mr. Anura Ariyaratne


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National Hydrographic Office,NARA, Crow Island, Colombo 15Sri LankaTel No : +94-11 252 1699e-mail: [email protected]

2) Dr. Kamal Tennakkoon

National Aquatic Resources Research &Development Agency (NARA)Crow Island, Colombo 15Sri Lankae-mail: [email protected]

10 Seychelles Mr. Dave Roseline

Centre for GIS Seychelles

Independence House (Pox 199)SeychellesTel No: +248 761633 / 286900e-mail: [email protected]

11 Thailand LT.CDR. Supasit kongdee

Hydrographic Department Royal Thai Navy, 222Rim Tong Fai Kao Rd., BangnaBangkok, Thailande-mail: [email protected]

12 Tanzania 1) Ms. Hidaya Senga

TMA Tanzania Meterological AgencyP.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTel No : +255 (0)784915086Fax No: +255 (0)2460718Email: kanemba@@meteo.go.tz ,

[email protected]

2) Dr Greg M Wagner

Lecturer, University of Dar Es Salaam, Box 35064,Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaTel No: 255 222410193Fax No: 255222410480E-mail: [email protected]


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Annexure III

Trainee Selection Procedures, Criteria and Guidelines

Training in Tsunami Modelling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing selection criteria

Selection procedure:

The objective here is to train institutional scientists in using numerical models to determineonshore areas liable to inundation by storm surges/tsunamis. The training was also helpedfor coastal management projects. IOC/UNESCO First Advanced Leadership workshop forDirectors of institutes of marine and allied sciences in the Indian Ocean region conducted atINCOIS during May 10 14, 2008, INCOIS has sent invitation to all participants of thisworkshop for propose suitable young scientist from their organizations. INCOIS also invitedProject Leaders of the IOGOOS to participate in the training workshop .

General selection criteria and guidelines:

1. Good working and communication knowledge in the English language.

2. Sufficient computer skills

3. Educational qualification in Earth sciences, hydrography, and oceanography

4. Practical work experience

5. The candidate should come from an organisation with the appropriate mandate

6. Strong commitment from the candidate to perform functions related to his nationaltsunami and disaster response systems for a reasonably long time after the training

7. The training should meet the preparatory need of the country8. Letter of support from the candidates institute, including with respect to point 6 above


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Annexure - IV

List of Tsunami modelling, Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing trainingLecturers and Trainers

S. No. Name Address1 T. Srinivasa Kumar,

Local CourseCoordinator

Head, ASG,Indian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices(INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O.,Hyderabad - 500 055,India,Tel: 0091 40 2389 5006,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: [email protected]

2 Hans WernerSchenke

Alfred Wagner Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchTelegrafenberg A 4314473 PotsdamGermanyP.O. Box 60 01 4914401 PotsdamEmail: [email protected]

3 R. Shankar The Institute of Mathematical Sciences,Chennai 600 113.IndiaPh: 044-22543327 (O)9444024083 (C)e-mail: [email protected]

4 Dr. Ravi Kumar ScientistNational Geophysical Research Institute,Hyderabad, [email protected] [email protected]

5 K Hanumantha Rao Scientist,Oceanography Division,National Remote Sensing Centre,Dept. of Space, Govt. of IndiaBalanagar, Hyderabad 500 037IndiaEmail: [email protected]

6 P M BalaManikavelu

Scientist,National Remote Sensing Centre,Dept. of Space, Govt. of IndiaBalanagar, Hyderabad 500 037IndiaEmail: [email protected]

7 Dr. M. V. RamanaMurthy

ScientistICMAM, NIOT Campus, [email protected] ;

8 Dr. Tune Usha ScientistICMAM, NIOT Campus, ChennaiIndiaEmail : [email protected]


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9 Aneesh Lotliker Scientist BIndian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices(INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O., Hyderabad - 500 055,India,Tel: 0091 40 2388 6038,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: [email protected]

10 R. S. Mahendra Scientist BIndian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O., Hyderabad - 500 055, India,Tel: 0091 40 2388 6038,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: mahendra @incois.gov.in

11 M. Nagaraja Kumar Scientist CIndian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O., Hyderabad - 500 055, India,Tel: 0091 40 2388 6031,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: [email protected]

12 M. RaghavendraSrivastava

Scientist BIndian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O., Hyderabad - 500 055, India,Tel: 0091 40 2388 6038,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: [email protected]

13 N.T. Reddy SRFICMAM, NIOT Campus,

ChennaiIndia14 Ch. Patanjali Kumar Scientist B

Indian National Centre for Ocean InformationServices (INCOIS), "Ocean Valley",PB NO.21,IDA Jeedimetla P.O., Hyderabad - 500 055, India,Tel: 0091 40 2388 6067,Fax: 0091 40 2389 5001Email: [email protected]

Intergovernmental Oceanographic CommissionS. No. Name Institute

1 Dr. Ehrlich Desa Head, Capacity DevelopmentIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ofUNESCO/IOCTel.: +33 (0)1 4568 4016 Fax: +33 (0)1 4568 5812E-mail: [email protected], Rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, Franceweb: http://www.ioc-cd.org/ Email: [email protected]

2 Dr. Dmitri Travin Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ofUNESCO/IOCEmail : [email protected]


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Annexure V

Evaluation Form with Suggested Answers1.What is an earthquake?Answer: Earthquake is sudden release of accumulated strain energy during the platetectonic moments along weak zones, faults of the earth crust.

2. What are the different types of seismic waves?Answer: Body waves propagate through entire body of the earth (P wave, S-wave)Surface waves

3. What is difference between epicenter and hypocenter?Answer: Hypocenter is starting point, where the earthquake initial rupture started with inthe crust, Epicenter is the radial vertically projected point on surface of the earth.

4. What are different magnitude scales and which scale is reliable to estimate magnitudesfor larger earthquakes?

Answer: Body wave (mb) magnitude scale, Body wave - P (mwp) magnitude scale,

Surface wave (Ms) magnitude scale, Moment magnitude (Mw) scale. Mw scale is mostreliable scale to estimate magnitudes for larger earthquakes?

5. What are the tsunamigenic source regions for Indian Ocean?Answer: Andaman Sumtra Subduction zone and Makaran subduction zones are twoknown tsunamigenic source regions for Indian Ocean.

6. What is subduction zone?Answer: Subduction zone is the region of convergent plate boundaries where the denseroceanic plate go under beneath lighter oceanic plate.

7. How do you estimate the tsunamigenic potential of an earthquake?Answer: By considering the earthquake location, bathymetry, focal depth and magnitude.

8. What are the factors contributing to tsunami generation?Answer: Earthquake location, Bathymetry, Magnitude, Earthquake depth

9. Is there any possibility of tsunami generation by mid oceanic ridge earthquakesa. No possibility of tsunami b. Possibility of local tsunamic. Possibility of regional tsunami d. Possibility of ocean wide tsunamie. b or c f. a or b

10. In which case tsunami will not generatea. Strike slip faults b. Normal slip faultsc. Reverse slip faults d. Both in cases b &c e. All the above

11. How tsunami is generated?a. Earthquake b. Landslide c. Volcanic eruption d. All of the above e. a & b

12. What is period of tsunami wave?a. 5 to 10 sec b. 12 hrs c. 24 hrs d. 10 to 20 mins


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13. What is speed of tsunami at water depth of 1500 m (Hint: Speed = gd , g=9.8 m/sec 2)Answer: 121 m/sec

14. When nonlinear model is used in tsunami simulation?a. At source b. Deep water c. Near shore d. None of the above

15. The speed of the tsunami wave is 400 km/hr, when the distance between source andyour countary is 800 km, how much time tsunami takes to reach your countary?

a. hr b. 4 hr c. 2 hr d. 1 hr

16. What is inundation distance and run-up height?Answer: Inundation distance is horizontal extent on land upto which the Tsunami hasreached and run-up height is vertical elevation w.r.t. to M.S.L measured at extreme watermark on land

17. What is the preferable grid size to be adopted in tsunami model at coast?Answer: 50 m to 90 m

18. What are the data sources (topography & bathymetry) for generation of highresolution grid at coast?

Answer: Topography ( survey charts, ALTM, GPS elevation, SRTM and Remote sensingDEM) Bathymetry ( GEBCO/ETOPO2, NHO charts, CMAP, Local Surveys)

19. Mention the checklist to be considered for the preparation of bathymetry and landelevation?

Answer: Check list:What horizontal reference system does the dataset have?What is the quality/accuracy/actuality of the given data?Do the regions overlap?

Could that be a problem?Are there any gaps between the regions?Can they be closed by interpolation?Does the size of the data affect working performance too much?Can the size be decreased without losing relevant data? (cliping/decimating)

20. What do you know about GEBCO?Answer: GEBCO is Global Bathymetry chart for Ocean. It is prepared from blending ofdata from various navigational charts using controlled track lines. This data base isavailable in digital form and the data can be extracted for regional of interest.

21. What is the source of electromagnetic energy

a. Earth b. Moon c.Sun

d. Mars

22. Visible range in EMRa. 0.1-0.5 m b. 5-10 m c. 10-20 m d. 0.4-0.7 m

23. As per Planks law earth emits maximum radiation ata. 4 m b. 2 m c. 5 m d. 10m

24. What is remote sensing


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Answer: In literal sense, sensing of an object without coming into physical contact.Remote sensing is a since of obtaining the information about the feature present on theearth surface.

25. Water reflects maximum ina. Blue b. Green c. Red d. Infra-red

26. Vegetation reflects maximum energy ina. Blue b. Megenta c. Red d. Infra-red

27. Software used for satellite image processinga. ERDAS b. Arcview c. Arcinfo d. TUNAMI N2

28. Expand DEMAnswer: Digital Elevation Model

29. Which of the following is not a source of DEMa. GEBCO b. SRTM c. LIDAR d. Vegetation

30. What are the uses of DEMsAnswer: 3d visualization and map

Inundation ModelingPlanning for the civil engineering (construction)Study on tectonicsEtc.

31. SRTM resolution isa. 90 m b. 900 m c. 500 m d. 200m

32. DEM available in the formata. Grid b. Tin c. Both d. None

33. What are the different components of early warning systems?Answer: 1. Real time broad band seismic network, 2. Network of Deep ocean BottomPressure recorders , 3. Network of coastal sea level tide gauges, 4. Modelling scenariodatabase, 5. Decision support system 6. 24 X 7 operational warning center 7. EffectiveCommunication/dissemination systems 8. Data base of high resolution Topography &bathymetry for vulnerable regions and 9. Capacity building, education and training

34. What is the equipment used to measure water level in the deep ocean?

a. Seismometer b. Tide gauge c.Bottom Pressure Recorder

d. Coastal Radar35. What is the best way to reduce the false alarms, while issuing tsunami advisories?

a. Use only seismic magnitudeb. Use modeling scenariosc. Use real time water level data from BPR & Tide gauged. All of the above


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Annexure - VI

Certificate (example)

This is to certify that Dr. Greg M Wagner attended theTraining Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping andTraining Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping andTraining Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping andTraining Programme on Tsunami Modeling, Inundation Mapping andRemote Sensing Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Remote Sensing held at the Indian National Centre for OceanInformation Services, Hyderabad, India during October 27 toNovember 07 , 2008 .

Ehrlich Desa T. Srinivasa KumarHead, Capacity Development Section Programme CoordinatorUNESCO/IOC INCOIS

United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organisation

Intergovernmental OceanographicCommission

CERTIFICATE

Documents

Report of Tsunami Modeling Inundation Mapping and Remote Sensing Training