Second Meeting of the ECPGR Working Group on Vitis

18-20 September 2012,18 20 September 2012,

Julius Kühn-Institut Institut für Rebenzüchtung Geilweilerhof

Germanyy

Report of the COST FA1003 actionEast-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration and

Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breeding

by

Osvaldo FAILLA ChairUniversity of Milano / Italy

East-West Collaboration for Grapevine Diversity Exploration

and Mobilization of Adaptive Traits for Breedinga d ob at o o dapt e a ts o eed g

Progress of the action: an overviewBy Osvaldo Failla – Chair of the action

Start date: 04/11/2010End date: 03/11/2014

COST: European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research

The COST Grant System provides a flexible approach to financing the following COST Action activities in accordance with the COST governing rules:COST Action activities in accordance with the COST governing rules:

• Meetings,• Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs),• Training Schools• Dissemination.

A step back: the origin and the development of our actionp g p

1999: Attilio Scienza and Lucio Brancadoro are in Georgia for a scientific1999: Attilio Scienza and Lucio Brancadoro are in Georgia for a scientific mission. They realize the serious state of abandoning of the germplasm collection and refer the situation to Bioversity Int. (former IPGRI).

2003: Thanks to the three years organizing efforts of Jozef Turok (past Director of Bioversity Int. - Regional Office for Europe) and the financial support of the government of Luxemburg the project “Conservation andsupport of the government of Luxemburg, the project Conservation and sustainable use of grapevine genetic resources in the Caucasus and Northern Black sea region” was launched.

2004-2009: The project involved Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. The aims were: to ensure the long-term maintenance of Vitis genetic resources including the cultivated traditional varieties andof Vitis genetic resources, including the cultivated traditional varieties and the wild resources. The activities consisted of identifying, collecting, characterizing, and conserving the diversity of grapevine genetic resourcesresources.

Was it a successfully story?

a) A wide number of local varieties of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine were effectively preserved in the collections thanks to constant financial support;

b) A successful collaborative network among institutions was organized, by this way the researchers from Eastern Europe could enlarge their scientific knowledge in the research centers of Western Europe;knowledge in the research centers of Western Europe;

c) Local varieties of grapevine and wild vines from the regions were involved in the joint investigation;

d) Information about the project, presented to a wide auditory, increased interest in the biodiversity of the local grapevine germplasm.

1283 autochthonous varieties (2600 accessions) have been registered in ten east European grapevine collections located in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Russian Federation and Ukraine.

It is estimated that 75% of them (= 952 varieties) were found solely in these ten collections¸ the remaining 25% are mainly distributed in grapevine collections of other east European countries Out of the total number of the autochthonousother east European countries. Out of the total number of the autochthonous varieties, about 740 varieties exist in one place only and are therefore considered to be threatened.

How to continue the story?The Cost opportunity: the hard work of Monika Kiczkajlo (Bioversity Int ) and David Maghradze (IHVKiczkajlo (Bioversity Int.) and David Maghradze (IHV Georgia) and many others.

The challenge: to include all the Old World viticulturalThe challenge: to include all the Old World viticultural range

The main object: to define and establish a core collection

At the third attempts, the Action was at last approved!

Scientific context and objectives j(1a/2)

Th i l i ti l l• The grapevine gene-pool is particularly threatened in the marginal areas of its distribution rangedistribution range.

Range of gviticulture

Range of wild Vi i i ifVitis vinifera

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Domestic grapevinesVitis vinifera sativa

Wild grapevinesVitis vinifera silvestris

8th – 7th millennium bp

The primary centers of domestication (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa)

V

VI2nd millennium bp

IbV

8th – 7th millennium bp

IIb

7th – 6th millennium bp3rd millennium bp

IaIIaIIIIV

5th 4th ill i b4th – 3rd millennium bp

5th – 4th millennium bp

The secondary centers of domestication (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa)

V

VI

IbV IIb

IaIIIIVIIa

The primary routes of cultivar dissemination

V

VI

IbV IIb

IaIIIIVIIa

The secondary routes of cultivar dissemination

Biodiversity of Georgian Grapevine GermplasmTotal number of Georgian local varieties, listed in the ampelography of Georgia (1960), are 525.414 varieties are described in the “Ampelography of the Soviet Union”.To this germplasm in the XX century was added breeding varieties and clones – so total number of local germplasm are more than 600 genotypes.

Scientific context and objectives j(1b/2)

• Grapevine genetic resources in the areas of its primary domestication (south-eastern Europe and particularly theEurope and particularly the Caucasus) is poorly known while enclosing still untappedwhile enclosing still untapped diversity and richness.

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A neighboring example: ArmeniaA neighboring example: Armenia

N. of accessionsArmenia 29G i 44Georgia 44Moldova 23

Scientific context and objectives (2a/2)• The grapevine gene-pool is particularly

threatened in the marginal areas of itsthreatened in the marginal areas of its distribution range.

• Grapevine genetic resources in the areas of itsGrapevine genetic resources in the areas of its primary domestication (south-eastern Europe and particularly the Caucasus) is poorly known while enclosing still untapped diversity and richness.

• Scientists and breeders need to work together at an international level to generate knowledge about the valuable diversity its patternsabout the valuable diversity, its patterns, processes and correlations with traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance

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biotic and abiotic stress resistance/tolerance and grape quality.

Scientific context and objectives (2b/2)• Sharing experiences, responsibilities, information and

materials for the development and improvements ofmaterials for the development and improvements of genotyping and phenotyping methods for association genetics studies.

• The main object of the action is to define a core collection able to represent and conserve the highest genetic diversity with the lowest number of plant accessions.

• To improve the impact of the research conducted by each partner and to introduce innovative areas of research at the European level creating beneficialresearch at the European level, creating beneficial knowledge, long-term conservation and a greater quality of grape production in Europe.

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of grape production in Europe.

Scientific context and objectives (2c/2)

Research directions:

j ( )

•In the first year of the action most the action covered all the distribution

f th Old W ld iti ltrange of the Old World viticulture (except Turkey – soon entering - and Iran), including so the primary and secondary centres of grapevine domestication and diversity developing.g•A real specific aspect of this action is the relevant role that new neighbouring countries from (33 24 9)neighbouring countries from Caucasian and North Black sea regions as well from Balkans and N th Af i

Participating countries (33 = 24 +9)AT, BA, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, EL, ES, FR, HR, HU, IL, IT, LU, LV, MK, PL, PT, RO SI SK SE

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Northern Africa. RO, SI, SK, SEAM, AZ, GE, MA, ME, MD, NZ, RU, UA

Working groups

1: Identification and characterization of genetic resources (R. Töfler and E. Maul)g ( )

2: Development of phenotyping and genotyping methodologies R. Bacilieri and g yp g gP. This).

3: Phenotyping of core collections and y gassociation genetics research (S. Grando)

4: Strategy for conservation and sustainable use (M. Faltus and R. Ocete).

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Action PartiesAction Parties2425

Action PartiesAction Parties

20

24

20

25

7910

15

7

5

10

YR 1YR 2

YR 3

0

YR 3YR 4

Parties Non-COST Countries

Action participantsAction participantsAction participantsAction participants

169200

102100

150

37

63

50

100

YR 1 YR 2

6 17

0

YR 1 YR 2 YR 3YR 4

Total no. of indiv. Participants ESRs Female

Use of COST Instruments

Activity (No.) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4y ( )

MC (core group) /WG Meetings 1 (1) / 4 1 / 4 1 (2) / 4

STSMs 5 9 12-15

Training Schools 1g

Workshops or Conferences 2 3

Joint Publications 1 10 20

2222

Management Committee & Working Group 2011 Meetings

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Experimental farmAristotle University of Thessaloniki – Experimental farm12-13 September 2011

Concrete starting point of the working group activities

Pl i f thExtended core group meeting (Brussels 4th Nov 2011) Planning of the 2012 activities

Extended core group meeting (Brussels 4th Nov. 2011)

The Core group was enlarged by joining 5 ESRs

Working group 1, 2 & 4 joint meeting. Germany 27-28 February 2012

Working Group 1 - Identification and characterization of genetic resourcesLists of germplasm accessions to be identified have been done.Laboratories available for molecular fingerprinting have been defined.Identification methods and characterization criteria have been adopted.New data gathering and updating in the European Vitis Data Base is in progress.

Working Group 2 - Development of phenotyping and genotyping methodologiesWorking Group 2 Development of phenotyping and genotyping methodologiesProtocols for phenotyping are in progress to be defined.A network of institutions involved in the phenotyping trials have been set.

W ki G 3 Ph i f ll i d i i i W k hWorking Group 3 - Phenotyping of core collections and association genetics: Workshop on association genetic studies in grapevines

Working Group 4 - Strategy for conservation and sustainable use: Joint WS with FA0807Working Group 4 Strategy for conservation and sustainable use: Joint WS with FA0807Concrete proposals to define proper strategies for sanitary quarantine for grapevine plant propagation material for sustainable germplasm conservation have been presented and discussed.

STSM 2012

# Participant Days Title From To

1 Denis Rusjan 17 Pheno-genotyping of germplasm Slovenia Israel2 Anna Nebish 32 Cyto-embriological analysis of reproductive development in Spanish grapevine varieties Armenia Spain3 Otari Ioseliani 15 Construction of Georgian grape database Georgia Italyg g p g y4 Kristine Margaryan 15 Study of anthocyanin and polyphenols content for grape varieties phenotyping Armenia Italy5 Kalin Kosev 26 Evaluation of downy mildew resistance through leaf disc assays Bulgaria Germany6 Lalla Hasna Zinelabidine 91 Study of Moroccan and Mediterranean grapevine using SNP markers Morocco Spain7 Raluca Nicoleta Gheorghe 26 Identification and genetic characterization of some grapevine varieties from Romania Romania Italy8 Medea Vibliani 34 Investigation of chemical compounds of Georgian grapevine Georgia Italy8 Medea Vibliani 34 Investigation of chemical compounds of Georgian grapevine Georgia Italy

9 Jorge Cunha 40 Data Analyses of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs of Portuguese Vitis accessions Portugal Spain

Joint Publications

PublishedCabezas JA, Ibanez J, Lijavetzky D, Velez D, Bravo G, Rodriguez V, Carreno I, Jermakow AM, Carreno J, Ruiz-Garcia L,

Thomas MR, Martinez-Zapater JM. 2011. A 48 SNP Set for Grapevine Cultivar Identification. BMC Plant Biol. 11:153Maghradze D., Rustioni L., Scienza A. and Failla O. 2012 Phenological Diversity of Georgian Grapevine Cultivars in Northern

It l J l f th A i P l i l S i t 66(2) 56 67Italy. Journal of the American Pomological Society 66(2): 56-67.Zinelabidine, L.H., Haddioui, A., Rodríguez, V., Cabello, F., Eiras-Dias, J.E., Martínez Zapater, J.M. and J. Ibáñez. 2012. SNP

analysis shows a major role for Cayetana Blanca in the genetic network of Iberian Peninsula grapevine varieties. Am. J. Enol.Vitic. 63:121-126.

De Andrés MT Benito A Pérez Rivera G Ocete R Lopez MA Gaforio L Muñoz G Cabello F Martínez Zapater JM ArroyoDe Andrés MT, Benito A, Pérez-Rivera G, Ocete R, Lopez MA, Gaforio L, Muñoz G, Cabello F, Martínez Zapater JM, Arroyo-García R. 2012. Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines. Mol. Ecol. 21: 800-816.

In presspMaghradze D., Rustioni L., Turok J., Scienza A., Failla O. (Eds.) 2012. Caucasus and Northern Black Sea Region Ampelography.

Vitis Special Issue, pp. 489Ocete Rubio R., Ocete Rubio E., Ocete Pérez C., Pérez Izquierdo M.A., Rustioni L., Chipashvili R. and Maghradze D. 2012

Ecological and sanitary characteristics of the Eurasian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi) in Georgia (Caucasian region). Plant Genetic Resources.

Rustioni L., Maghradze D., Failla O. 2012 Optical properties of berry epicuticular waxes in four Georgian grape cultivars (Vitisvinifera L.). Accepted paper in South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

Imazio S., Maghradze D., De Lorenzis G., Bacilieri R., Laucou V., This P., Scienza A., Failla O. - From the cradle of grapevine domestication: molecular overview and description of Georgian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L ) germplasm Tree Genetics anddomestication: molecular overview and description of Georgian grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) germplasm. Tree Genetics and Genomes

De Lorenzis G., Imazio S., Biagini B., Failla O. and Scienza A. - Pedigree reconstruction of the Italian grapevine Aglianico (Vitisvinifera L.) from Campania.

A large (489 pages) book (30 authors and collaborators) reporting the description of a sample

f 268 lit lti l t d f th tiof 268 elite grape cultivars selected from the native Caucasus and Black northern sea region is close to be published. The book will give large visibility to the Cost action and to the mobilization of thethe Cost action and to the mobilization of the genetic resources.

Results vs. Objectivesj• Networks of institutions have been established.• They are actively sharing plant material and analytical• They are actively sharing plant material and analytical

methods for genotyping germplasm accessions.• Phenotyping trials to develop and test proper high-Phenotyping trials to develop and test proper high-

throughput methodologies are in progress.• Concrete proposals to define proper strategies for sanitaryConcrete proposals to define proper strategies for sanitary

quarantine for grapevine plant propagation material, for sustainable germplasm conservation, have been set.

• The networks involve a very wide range of countries including eastern European countries, both Cost and non Cost. For the first time a collaborative effort involve almost all the range of viticulture.

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Significant Highlights in Science or Networking (1/2)

WG1: Identification and characterization of genetic resources

In the framework of the WG1 activity a network among members participating toIn the framework of the WG1 activity a network among members participating to the action has been organized.The network involves 25 institutions from 20 countries (Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, j , g , g , , yp , , g ,Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine) involved in accession identification and characterization.

The summarized results are like follows.Characterization will be carried out on 595 cultivars in 2012.Leaves or cuttings of around 350 cultivars will be shipped to laboratories carrying out SSR-marker analysis. 19 laboratories will carry out SSR-marker analysis. Within the runtime of the project about 2700 genotypes could be fingerprinted.

All the data are in progress to be uploaded in the European Vitis Data Base.

WG2: Geno & phenotyping methods

Protocols for high-throughput phenotyping

Significant Highlights in Science or Networking (2/2)

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Th i i f hi k hThe motivation of this workshop

Practical aspects to be focused for the plant material transfer

• Material Transfer Agreement

• Authorization from the phytosanitary services

• Quarantine management

Azerbaijan 50 Armenia 40 Georgia 100

Moldova 21 Russia 50 Ukraine 45

Programme: FP7 Cooperation, Theme 2: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and BiotechnologyCall: FP7-KBBE-2012-6, Activity 2.1. Agriculture, Forest, Fisheries and Aquaculture.qActivity codes : KBBE.2012.1.2-04

Project title: Combining innovation in vineyard management and geneticProject title: Combining innovation in vineyard management and genetic diversity for a sustainable European viticulture.Acronym : INNOVINE, Project ID : 311775

UE financial contribution: 5,999,990; duration 48 months

The project involves several members of the action MC including Chair ViceThe project involves several members of the action MC, including Chair, Vice Chair, WG1 leader. A specific Work Package, devoted to “Exploiting the genetic diversity in grapevine” is strictly linked to the Cost action participant research activities.At the moment the proposal is under final evaluation after the negotiation phase.

Screening the Georgian germplasm for sources ofScreening the Georgian germplasm for sources of Plasmopora viticola tolerance

J l 2012July 2012

Data from A Vercesi University of MilanoData from A. Vercesi University of Milano

The wild grapevines genetic poolsg p g pDo they have evolved, during the last 150 years towards tolerance/resistance against American fungal diseases?

Where are the population which gave a major contribution to the generation of the domestic grapes?

ChallengesgFrom the lab to the field

In various countries some difficulties are related to the need to involve at the same time partner working in germplasm conservation and evaluationthe same time partner working in germplasm conservation and evaluationand partner occupied in the use of molecular tools for genetic analyses. For different and practical reasons, including budget limitation, this linkage is not always simple to be reached So an additional effort has to be doneis not always simple to be reached. So an additional effort has to be done in this direction.Germplasm repository represents not only a fundamental achievement to conserve the biodiversity of a crop plant We should move from anconserve the biodiversity of a crop plant. We should move from an accurate accession identification and characterization, towards a valorization strategy. A great organizational effort has to be done todevelop methods for phenotyping They should allow a high-throughputdevelop methods for phenotyping. They should allow a high-throughput data recording in field condition with the aims to describe year by year the accessions performance in the perspective to assess their cultural and qualitative value

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qualitative value.

EXPLOITATION OF GENETIC RESOURCES