Report of Mid Term Survey of a WASH Project

7/30/2019 Report of Mid Term Survey of a WASH Project

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Ensuring Sustainable Safe Drinking Water, Sanitation and

Hygiene Needs of Community Flock as well as School Students

of all the villages of Jashohari Anukha-I and II, Purandarpur

and Andulia Gram Panchayats under Kandi Block of

Murshidabad District through Community Based Development

(CBD) and Participatory Approach.

Mid-term Survey from the SHG Perspective

Kandi Jibdharpara Mohila Unnyan Samity

SPADE

Water for People - India


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Mid-term Survey from the SHG Perspective

Study Design, Data Analysis & Reporting

Anubrata Datta, Coordinator, Resource Center

Data Collection :

Suraj Datta, Papan Halder, Tarak Mandal, Sujay Das, Sagarika Mandal, Parvina Khatun,Gouri Paul, Purnima Das, Tuhina Das, Jyostna Das, Lily Ghosh, Agamani Ray, Utpala Das,

Asish Ghosh, Nurzila Khatun, Baisakhi Ghosh

December, 2010

SPADE52, Garfa Main Road, Kolkata-700075

Phone : 033 24186171, 24186431

Tele fax : 033 24185452

Email : [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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SPADE, in collaboration with Kandi Jibdharpara Mohila Unnyan Samity, has been

implementing the Water For People sponsored project entitled Ensuring Sustainable

Safe Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Needs of Community Flock as well as

School Students of all the villages of Jashohari Anukha-I and II, Purandarpur and

Andulia Gram Panchayats under Kandi Block of Murshidabad District through

Community Based Development (CBD) and Participatory Approach since May, 2010.

The First Phase shall continue up to the end of December, 2010. During the First Phase,

in a nut cell, the achievements were as under :

Activities Targeted Achieved RemarkAwareness Promotiontargeting the General Public ofthe project area in 40 Sansads

40 35 Total participation 857

Meeting for Networking withother NGOs, CBOs & SHGs toget themselves involved

16 15 255

Sample Survey in Selectedvillages after Exposure Visit

We have completed thesurvey regarding the models

of the toilet around the fourGram Panchayats of KandiBlock.

Most of the families decided toset up the Double Pits Toiletbut at present they set upsingle pit. After some daysthey shall set up the other pit.

Workshop for Development of

Rules & Regulations

The Workshop comprising themembers of Kandi JibdharparaMahila Unnayan Samity hadbeen conducted and procedures

regarding Disbursement of Loansfor construction of Toilets at thebeneficiary level, MIS for loanrecovery & Preparation of LoanRecovery Card

Awareness Program at GramPanchayat & Block levels

4 4

GP Members demonstratedinterest since this is also a part ofthe Nirmal Gram Scheme. BlockOfficials mentioned thedeficiencies at the Sanitary Martlevel. Also, Block Officialsseemed to be too busy inElection Related activities

Design and development ofIEC in local language

Leaflet on Apni Ki Nijer Maan Sanman Drama Manusher Jonney Drama Jaal Catalogue of Different Variety of Toilets Slogan Collection of Zingles/Slogans

Linking up Water & Sanitationissues at the GP level, PHEDepartment, Schools, etc.

Discussions held at the different levels. In short the resultsare : Schools are more interested in involving Project Staff in

discussing personal Hygiene issues with the students ofHigher classes

Students are promising to discuss the necessities of Toiletreturning home


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GP members are showing interest in supplying Soap andother Cleaning Materials at the Kitchen wherein Mid Daymeals are being cooked

Organizing Street Drama onSave Water, Sanitation &Hygiene Issues

Script is ready School students are found to be too much shy and introvert

to participate in a drama Team has been formed comprising the Federation

Members

Organizing Mass AwarenessCamps on Save Water,Sanitation & Hygiene issues

Gradually, Water, Sanitation & Hygiene is becoming aprominent issue Many of the participants are asking questions relating to

water and hygiene since the community is lacking areliable source of authentic information

Some of the community members are raising the issue thatthe loan for constructing Toilets is available to theFederation members only.

Graffiti & Wall Writing Covered about 30 locations

Capacity Building

Organized an Exposure Visit at Sabuj Sangha comprisinga team of 15 members

Mason Training has been organized involving faculty fromSabuj Sangha

Sensitization of Federations, Local Clubs, Local NGOs,Clusters, SHGs, Schools on the benefits of having safedrinking water and adopting Safe Sanitation Practices

Orientation & Sensitization program for the community andSchool students

Hardware Activities

Demo Toilet developed 2 Finished Toilet constructed 20 Loan disbursed to 36 Members Loan Application received - 80


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Background of the Present Study

Before initiating the subsequent phases, it is crucial to look back and see what has

happened and decide how the project related activities could be planned and implemented

so as to assure optimal utilization of scarce resources of both the sponsor as well as of

the implementing agencies.

The objectives behind conducting the present study was two fold :

1. To understand the Water and Sanitation situation from the SHGs perspective

2. To ascertain the strategies for the next phase

The present study was basically a Questionnaire Survey that had been conductedexclusively among the SHG members. The Survey Team was constituted comprising

the staff of WfP Project and KJMUS. The Team used Schedules for data collection.

Structured Questionnaires have not been used because in many cases, the target

respondents are not in a position to fill up the formats themselves because of their feeble

level of literacy. Also, Structured Questionnaires escalate costs.

The surveys were mostly conducted during the meetings of the SHGs. Since all themembers could not attend all the meetings, few absentees might have been left out from

few groups. However, by and large, the results reflect the status of about 60% of the

target population.

For Data Entry and Analysis, MS Excel has been used. The analysts deliberately avoided

tedious calculations since that would make simple things difficult. Wherever possible

Graphs and Charts have been used so that the reader could understand the broad

dimensions without much difficulty.

Abbreviations used :

1. KJMUS : Kandi Jibdharpara Mohila Unnyan Samity

2. SHG : Self Help Group

3. WfP : Water For People India


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Sample Description

The Study covered 1602 households comprising 3171 male and 3083 female. Average

size of the households was found to be 3.9 members.

Gender-wise Distribution of the Members of

Households

51%

49%

Male Female

Out of the households covered under the present study, only 36% have toilets at their

houses and the remaining 64% have no toilet facilities at their houses.

Existence of Toilet in the House

64%

36%

Have no Toilet Have Toilet

Again, out of the Households covered, only 6% have their own source of water and the

remaining 94% depends on Government Installed Tube wells

Source of Water for the Household

94%

6%

Govt Tubwell Own Tubwell


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The present study has altogether covered 172 SHGs distributed among 4 Gram

Panchayats and some portion of the Kandi Municipal Area.

Amongst the five areas covered, the largest number of households was from Jashohari

Anukha II, followed by Kandi Municipal Area, Andulia and Purandarpur

Gram Panchayat-wise Distribution of SHGs

Covered

0 20 40 60

Andulia

Jashohari

Anukha - I

Jashohari

Anukha - II

Municipality

Area

Purandarpur

Area-wise distribution of Households Covered

Jashohari Anukha - I Purandarpur

Andulia Municipality Area

Jashohari Anukha - II


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Observations

From the above diagram it is evident that maximum number of households contains 2

female members and fewer households contain 4 or more female. Here, our strategy, at

the initial stage, might be to concentrate more on households containing more female

members. Since we are using the SHGs as disseminating media, we can highlight the

inconveniences of the female for open space defecation and develop IECs and Advocacy

Tools to convince the SHG members to sharpen their focus on households containing

more female members.

Status of Toilet Status of Water Source No of Households

Have Toilet Have own Tube well 50

Don't have Toilet Have own Tube well 43

Have Toilet Don't have own Tube well 533

Don't have Toilet Don't have own Tube well 976

Total 1602

From the above table, it is evident that 50 households have both toilet and water

sources. Another 533 households have toilets but do not have water sources. There are 43households who have water sources of their own but do not have toilet at their home.These 43 households might be targeted initially since they are supposed to be able to pay

for the expenses.

The table below shows a comparison among the different GPs and Municipal areas in

terms of percentage of households having no toilets. It is clearly evident that in Jashohari

Anukha I, 88.33% of the samples have no toilets whereas the same is 49.44 at Kandi

Municipal Area. From this, it can be concluded that we have to prioritize our activities in

the order of Jashohari Anukha I, Andulia, Purandarpur, Jashohari Anukha II, and

0100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1 2 3 4 5 >5

No of Female in the Household-wise Distribution

of the Sample

No of Households No Toilet


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Kandi Municipality Area. Alternatively, we can also think of initially focusing on those

areas where total sanitation might be easier, that is, where most others have toilets.

Gram Panchayat-wise distribution of the

respondents Having No Toilet

Andulia Jashohari Anukha - I

Jashohari Anukha - II Municipality Area

Purandarpur


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Gram Panchayat or Municipality-wise and SHG-wise Status of Toilet-

intensity

Name of the Gram Panchayat : Andulia

SHG Name No of Households No Toilet No Tube well % of No Toilet

Bithika 13 13 13 100.00

Maa Majina 12 12 12 100.00

Surjamukhi 11 11 11 100.00Alo 10 10 10 100.00

Milon 10 10 10 100.00

Kuheli 9 9 9 100.00

Mousumi 9 9 9 100.00

Serjina 9 9 9 100.00

Rima 9 9 9 100.00

Hasina 9 9 9 100.00

Tajmahal 9 9 9 100.00

Satabdi 8 8 8 100.00

Maa Palaxci 7 7 7 100.00

Ganga 7 7 7 100.00

Sumita 7 7 7 100.00

Datababa 10 9 10 90.00

Sagorika 9 8 9 88.89

Nagma 8 7 7 87.50

Parvin 10 8 0 80.00

Minar 12 9 12 75.00

keya 8 6 8 75.00

Nashima 11 8 11 72.73

Namita 10 7 10 70.00

Soma 14 9 14 64.29

Sakila 8 5 8 62.50

Murshida 8 5 4 62.50

Roma 10 6 10 60.00

Tajmira 10 6 10 60.00

Apanjan 7 4 7 57.14

Sujata 7 3 7 42.86

Fatema 8 3 4 37.50

Tanushree 12 3 12 25.00

Mithu 9 2 9 22.22

Sajahan 10 2 10 20.00

Sukanna 12 2 12 16.67

Sabina 7 1 7 14.29

Reshmi 9 1 9 11.11

Total 348 253 329 72.70


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Name of the Gram Panchayat : Jashohari Anukha I


Atoshi 10 10 10 100.00

Diya 10 10 10 100.00

Easha 10 10 10 100.00

Soniya 10 10 10 100.00

Bela 9 9 9 100.00

Pratiskha 8 8 8 100.00Pujita 8 8 8 100.00

poli 8 8 8 100.00

Puja 7 7 7 100.00

Yeandrila 10 9 10 90.00

Shila 10 7 10 70.00

Balaka 9 5 9 55.56

Sanjukta 11 5 11 45.45

Total 120 106 120 88.33

Name of the Gram Panchayat : Jashohari Anukha II


Sonali 12 12 12 100.00

Mahuya 11 11 11 100.00

Menoka 11 11 11 100.00

Lipika 10 10 10 100.00

Karabi 10 10 10 100.00

Soumi 9 9 9 100.00

Munmun 9 9 9 100.00

Joyee 9 9 9 100.00

Moumita 8 8 8 100.00

Tinta 6 6 6 100.00

Koyal 5 5 5 100.00

Uttran 11 10 11 90.91

Pratibha 11 10 11 90.91

Rupali 10 9 10 90.00

Rumpa 10 9 10 90.00

Bijoya 9 8 8 88.89

Banaful 7 6 7 85.71

Papri 6 5 6 83.33

Sanchari 11 9 11 81.82

Rahoni 11 9 9 81.82

Kumkum 10 8 8 80.00Anjali 9 7 9 77.78

Pinki 4 3 4 75.00

Bristi 11 8 11 72.73

Saheli 11 8 11 72.73

Srity 10 7 10 70.00

Chitralakha 10 7 8 70.00

Kusum 9 6 9 66.67

Sayani 10 6 10 60.00

Kakuli 10 6 9 60.00

Parama 7 4 7 57.14


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Nandini 9 5 9 55.56

Sampa 9 5 9 55.56

Mamata 10 5 10 50.00

Rajeswari 10 5 10 50.00

Bhiva 8 4 6 50.00

Sarala 6 3 6 50.00

Sananda Paul 9 4 9 44.44

Anima 9 4 9 44.44Chayan 10 4 10 40.00

Priti 10 4 7 40.00

Kamalika 8 3 8 37.50

Shika 8 3 7 37.50

Meagh 9 3 7 33.33

Mangaldeep 11 3 11 27.27

Athiti 8 2 8 25.00

Shefali 4 1 4 25.00

Mohini 12 1 9 8.33

Rupa 9 0 9 0.00

Pratick 10 0 10 0.00Sadguru 13 0 0 0.00

kalayanmoyee 7 0 7 0.00

Subham 10 0 10 0.00

Total 486 304 454 62.55

Name of the Area : Kandi Municipality


Prabhati 9 9 9 100.00

Haragouri 9 9 9 100.00

Mou 9 9 9 100.00

Manoshi 7 7 7 100.00Joty 13 12 0 92.31

Rakhi 12 11 12 91.67

Jharna 12 11 9 91.67

Bani 11 10 11 90.91

Pritilata 9 8 9 88.89

Shubadip 11 9 6 81.82

Padma 11 9 11 81.82

Agomoni 10 8 10 80.00

Tithi 10 8 10 80.00

Isani 10 8 7 80.00

Imli 9 7 9 77.78Dolon 9 7 9 77.78

Jutjika 10 7 10 70.00

Sandha 9 6 9 66.67

Pallabi 9 6 9 66.67

Dali 6 4 6 66.67

Maa Laxmi 8 5 8 62.50

Chameli 10 6 10 60.00

Nabanita 9 5 9 55.56

Rudradeb 12 6 12 50.00

Maina 6 3 6 50.00


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Chaya 9 4 9 44.44

nabanita 9 4 9 44.44

Kalayanmoyee 7 3 7 42.86

Sunita 10 4 10 40.00

Aparupa 10 4 10 40.00

Joswana 10 3 10 30.00

Aynatika 10 3 1 30.00

Madhubi 10 3 10 30.00Aparna 11 2 11 18.18

Alocka 8 1 8 12.50

Dristi 11 1 11 9.09

Dipaboli 9 0 9 0.00

Maa Durga 8 0 8 0.00

Aparajita 11 0 11 0.00

Nirmala 10 0 10 0.00

Asha 6 0 4 0.00

Gargi 10 0 9 0.00

Maitri 10 0 5 0.00

Nirmala 10 0 10 0.00Pradip 10 0 10 0.00

Arpita 11 0 11 0.00

Laboni 9 0 9 0.00

Total 449 222 408 49.44

Name of the Gram Panchayat : Purandarpur


Pranati 12 12 12 100.00

Monika 10 10 10 100.00

Elora 10 10 10 100.00

Manosha 9 9 9 100.00Mithai 9 9 9 100.00

Methai 9 9 9 100.00

Jharna 8 8 8 100.00

Maa Mari 7 7 7 100.00

Maa Rashakali 7 7 7 100.00

Balaram 6 6 6 100.00

Dayamoyee 11 8 11 72.73

Bani 7 5 7 71.43

Tulika 12 8 12 66.67

Bhakti 10 6 10 60.00

Radhika 12 7 12 58.33Arunima 9 5 9 55.56

Kalimata 9 3 9 33.33

Antorale 9 3 9 33.33

Abha 10 2 10 20.00

Dedanjali 6 0 6 0.00

Joyeta 11 0 10 0.00

Ireani 6 0 6 0.00

Total 199 134 198 67.34


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From the above, it could be concluded that toilet-intensity at households vary widely

among regions as well as among SHGs. There are SHGs where all the members have

their own toilets and again, there are SHGs where none of the members have toilets at

their home. Thus, we can use the SHGs all the members of whom have their own toilets

as Demonstration Groups. We can take those members to other groups for motivating

others to reach at the desired 100% sanitation level. The table below shows the SHGs

having 100% toilet facility at the members home.

GP / Municipality SHG Name No of Households

Jashohari Anukha - II Rupa 9Jashohari Anukha II Pratick 10Jashohari Anukha II Sadguru 13

Jashohari Anukha II kalayanmoyee 7Jashohari Anukha - II Subham 10Kandi Municipality Area Dipaboli 9

Kandi Municipality Area Maa Durga 8

Kandi Municipality Area Aparajita 11

Kandi Municipality Area Nirmala 10

Kandi Municipality Area Asha 6Kandi Municipality Area Gargi 10

Kandi Municipality Area Maitri 10

Kandi Municipality Area Nirmala 10

Kandi Municipality Area Pradip 10

Kandi Municipality Area Arpita 11

Kandi Municipality Area Laboni 9

Purandarpur Dedanjali 6

Purandarpur Joyeta 11

Purandarpur Ireani 6

Total 19 SHGs 176

Distribution of SHGs having 100% Toilet Intensity

58%26%

16%

Municipality Area Jashohari Anukha - II

Purandarpur

The above diagram shows that the Kandi Municipality area is well ahead in toilet

intensity in comparison to the Gram Panchayat areas.


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Gram Panchayat / Municipality area-wise Distribution of SHGs with No groups

having Toilet Facilities

GP / Municipality SHG Name No of Households

Andulia Bithika 13

Andulia Maa Majina 12

Andulia Surjamukhi 11

Andulia Alo 10

Andulia Milon 10Andulia Kuheli 9

Andulia Mousumi 9

Andulia Serjina 9

Andulia Rima 9

Andulia Hasina 9

Andulia Tajmahal 9

Andulia Satabdi 8

Andulia Maa Palaxci 7

Andulia Ganga 7

Andulia Sumita 7

Jashohari Anukha - I Atoshi 10Jashohari Anukha - I Diya 10Jashohari Anukha - I Easha 10Jashohari Anukha - I Soniya 10Jashohari Anukha - I Bela 9Jashohari Anukha - I Pratiskha 8Jashohari Anukha - I Pujita 8Jashohari Anukha - I poli 8Jashohari Anukha - I Puja 7Jashohari Anukha - II Sonali 12Jashohari Anukha - II Mahuya 11Jashohari Anukha - II Menoka 11Jashohari Anukha - II Lipika 10Jashohari Anukha - II Karabi 10Jashohari Anukha - II Soumi 9Jashohari Anukha - II Munmun 9Jashohari Anukha - II Joyee 9Jashohari Anukha - II Moumita 8Jashohari Anukha - II Tinta 6Jashohari Anukha - II Koyal 5Kandi Municipality Area Prabhati 9Kandi Municipality Area Haragouri 9Kandi Municipality Area Mou 9

Kandi Municipality Area Manoshi 7

Purandarpur Pranati 12

Purandarpur Monika 10

Purandarpur Elora 10

Purandarpur Manosha 9

Purandarpur Mithai 9

Purandarpur Methai 9

Purandarpur Jharna 8

Purandarpur Maa Mari 7

Purandarpur Maa Rashakali 7

Purandarpur Balaram 6


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Thus, there are only 4 SHGs within the Kandi Municipal Area none of the members of

which have toilet facilities at their home. On the contrary, there are 15 SHGs in Andulia

none of the members of which have toilet facilities at their home.

GP / Municipality No of SHGs No of HouseholdsKandi Municipality Area 4 34

Jashohari Anukha - I 9 80Purandarpur 10 87Jashohari Anukha - II 11 100

Andulia 15 139

Gram Panchayat-wise Distribution of SHGs with 80 - 99% of the members have No

Toilet

GPSHGName No of Households No Toilet % of No Toilet

Kandi Municipality Area Agomoni 10 8 80.00

Kandi Municipality Area Tithi 10 8 80.00Kandi Municipality Area Isani 10 8 80.00

Kandi Municipality Area Shubadip 11 9 81.82

Kandi Municipality Area Padma 11 9 81.82

Kandi Municipality Area Pritilata 9 8 88.89

Kandi Municipality Area Bani 11 10 90.91

Kandi Municipality Area Rakhi 12 11 91.67

Kandi Municipality Area Jharna 12 11 91.67

Kandi Municipality Area Joty 13 12 92.31

Jashohari Anukha - II Kumkum 10 8 80.00Jashohari Anukha - II Sanchari 11 9 81.82

Jashohari Anukha - II Rahoni 11 9 81.82

Jashohari Anukha - II Papri 6 5 83.33Jashohari Anukha - II Banaful 7 6 85.71

Jashohari Anukha - II Bijoya 9 8 88.89Jashohari Anukha - II Rupali 10 9 90.00Jashohari Anukha - II Rumpa 10 9 90.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Uttran 11 10 90.91Jashohari Anukha - II Pratibha 11 10 90.91Jashohari Anukha - I Yeandrila 10 9 90.00Andulia Parvin 10 8 80.00

Andulia Nagma 8 7 87.50

Andulia Sagorika 9 8 88.89

Andulia Datababa 10 9 90.00


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Gram Panchayat-wise Distribution of SHGs with 50 80% of the members have No

Toilet

GP SHG Name No of Households No Toilet % of No Toilet

Andulia Apanjan 7 4 57.14

Andulia Roma 10 6 60.00

Andulia Tajmira 10 6 60.00

Andulia Sakila 8 5 62.50Andulia Murshida 8 5 62.50

Andulia Soma 14 9 64.29

Andulia Namita 10 7 70.00

Andulia Nashima 11 8 72.73

Andulia Minar 12 9 75.00

Andulia keya 8 6 75.00

Jashohari Anukha - I Balaka 9 5 55.56

Jashohari Anukha - I Shila 10 7 70.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Mamata 10 5 50.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Rajeswari 10 5 50.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Bhiva 8 4 50.00Jashohari Anukha - II Sarala 6 3 50.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Nandini 9 5 55.56

Jashohari Anukha - II Sampa 9 5 55.56

Jashohari Anukha - II Parama 7 4 57.14

Jashohari Anukha - II Sayani 10 6 60.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Kakuli 10 6 60.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Kusum 9 6 66.67

Jashohari Anukha - II Srity 10 7 70.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Chitralakha 10 7 70.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Bristi 11 8 72.73

Jashohari Anukha - II Saheli 11 8 72.73Jashohari Anukha - II Pinki 4 3 75.00

Jashohari Anukha - II Anjali 9 7 77.78

Kandi Municipality Area Rudradeb 12 6 50.00

Kandi Municipality Area Maina 6 3 50.00

Kandi Municipality Area Nabanita 9 5 55.56

Kandi Municipality Area Chameli 10 6 60.00

Kandi Municipality Area Maa Laxmi 8 5 62.50

Kandi Municipality Area Sandha 9 6 66.67

Kandi Municipality Area Pallabi 9 6 66.67

Kandi Municipality Area Dali 6 4 66.67

Kandi Municipality Area Jutjika 10 7 70.00Kandi Municipality Area Imli 9 7 77.78

Kandi Municipality Area Dolon 9 7 77.78

Purandarpur Arunima 9 5 55.56

Purandarpur Radhika 12 7 58.33

Purandarpur Bhakti 10 6 60.00

Purandarpur Tulika 12 8 66.67

Purandarpur Bani 7 5 71.43

Purandarpur Dayamoyee 11 8 72.73


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Gram Panchayat-wise Distribution of SHGs with


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Key Statistics at a Glance

Area

Andulia

Jashoha

ri

Anukha-I

Jashoha

ri

Anukha-II

Kandi

Municipality

Puranda

rpur

Total

Households covered 348 120 486 449 199 1602Male 767 221 873 943 367 3171

Female 745 234 832 919 353 3083Total population covered 1512 455 1705 1862 720 6254No of Households having no Toilet 253 106 304 222 134 1019% of Households having no Toilet 72.70 88.33 62.55 49.44 67.34 63.61No of Households having Toilet 95 14 182 227 65 583No of Households using Govt Tube well 329 120 454 408 198 1509

% of Households using Govt Tube wells 94.54 100.00 93.42 90.87 99.50 94.19

No of Households having own Tube well 19 0 32 41 1 93

Key Learning

It has already been mentioned that the present study was conducted to develop SHG-

specific strategies in and around the project area so as to foster the pace of activities as

well as to develop other functional strategies like setting the priorities, fixing the targets

both long term and short term, formulating the Communication Strategy, etc. In short, the

learning are the following :

1. Though the survey had been conducted among the SHG members only, the databy and large reflects the overall scenario of the respective localities.

2. SHG members, as Role Models, can act as Change Agents in their respectivelocalities. Hence, SHG focused strategies are required to be adopted to foster the

pace of activities.

3. Within the members of a SHG, priorities shall be on

a. Households having more female members.

b. Households having own water sources

4. Within a particular locality, viz., Gram Panchayat or Municipality, SHGs withvery low or very high toilet intensities may be targeted at the initial stage.

5. In Jashohari Anukha I and Andulia, toilet intensity is substantially lower incomparison to the other areas and thus, these areas require special attention. In

this connection, it would be worth mentioning that toilet intensity has a

relationship with overall health and hygiene awareness. Hence, it would be

convenient to promote the overall health and hygiene awareness which might

produce a better result.

Documents

Report of Mid Term Survey of a WASH Project