Report N o . 56-12 GOV

FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO THE CONTROL OF NARCOTICS AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS, ENACTED 1961-1985: B R I E F SUMMARIES

BY H a r r y I,. H o g a n

Specialist in American N a t i o n a l Government Government D i v i s i o n

Revised January 15, 1986

The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for the Congress, conducting research, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of committees, Mem- bers, and their staffs.

The Service makes such research available, without parti- san bias, in many forms including studies, reports, compila- tions, digests, and background briefings. Upon request, CRS assists committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Service's senior specialists and subject analysts are also available for personal consultations in their respective fields of expertise.

ABSTRACT

This r e p o r t c o n t a i n s summaries of enac tments , t r e a t i e s , and r e o r g a n i z a t i o n

p l a n s , passed from 1961 through 1985, t h a t have some c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e d r e l a t i o n s h i p - -

e i t h e r by s p e c i f i c r e f e r e n c e o r by v i r t u e o f l e g i s l a t i v e h i s t o r y - - t o t h e F e d e r a l

e f f o r t t o p r e v e n t d rug misuse th rough c o n t r o l o f t h e s u p p l y of n a r c o t i c s and o t h e r

dangerous d r u g s .

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT.................................................................... iii

INTRODUCTION............................................................. 1

BRIEF SUMMARIES OF PUBLIC IAWS

87th Congress

P.L. 87-228: Use of Interstate or Foreign Commerce for Racketeering Purposes, Federal Crime.................................................... 2

P.L. 87-274: Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses Control Act............ 2

88th Congress

P.L. 88-368: Juvenile Delinquency Act Extension............................. 2

89th Congress

P.L. 59-74: Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965.......................... 3 P.L. 89-793: Narcotic Addict Rehabiliation Act of 1966 (NARA)..... .......... 3 Reorganization Plan No. 1, effective April 8, 1968........................... 3

90th Congress

P.L. 90-351: (Title I) Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968: Title I, Law Enforcement Assistance........................................ 3

P.L. 90-639: Increased Penalties for Dangerous Drug Offenses................ 4

91st Congress

P.L. 91-296: Marihuana and Health Reporting Act............................. 4 P.L. 91-452: Organized Crime Control Act of 1970.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 P.L. 91-508: Financial Recordkeeping and Reporting of Currency

Transactions.............................................................. 6 P.L. 91-513: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

(Controlled Substances Act; Controlled Substances Import and Export Act) ... 7

92nd Congress

P.L. 92-13: Increasing Appropriation Authorizations for the Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse ................................................... 8

P.L. 92-31: Authorizing Certain Activities for Prevention and Control of Juvenile Delinquency .................................................... 8

P.L. 92-73: Department of Agriculture-- Environmental and Consumer Protection Appropriations Act. 1972 ........................................ 8

P.L. 92-129: Selective Service Act Amendments .............................. 9 P.L. 92-226: Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 ................................. 9 P.L. 92-245. 92-246. 92-247: Authorizing U.S. Contributions to the Asian Development Bank. the Inter-American Development Bank. and the International Development Association ...................................... 9

P.L. 92-255: Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972 .................... 10 P.L. 92-293: Relating to Care for Narcotic Addicts on Probation. Parole or Mandatory Release ....................................................... 11

P.L. 92-381: Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act. Extension ..... 11 P.L. 92-420: Increased Treatment Options under NARA ......................... 12

93rd Congress

P.L. 93-83: Crime Control Act of 1973 ...................................... 12 P.L. 93-87: Federal-Aid Highways Act of 1973 ............................... 12 P.L. 93-189: Foreign Assistance Act of 1973 ................................. 13 P.L. 93-218: Disposal of Opium. National Stockpile .......................... 13 P.L. 93-281: Narcotic Addict Treatment Act of 1974 .......................... 13 P.L. 93-415: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 ........ 13 P.L. 93-481: Controlled Substances Act Appropriation Authorization.

FY 75-77 ................................................................... 14 P.L. 93-618: Trade Act of 1974 .......................................... 14 Reorganization Plan No . 2 of 1973 ............................................ 15

94th Congress

P.L. 94-237: Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972. Amendments ........ 15 P.L. 94-329: International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 ................................................................ 16

P.L. 94-419: Defense Department Appropriations Act. FY 1977 ................. 16 P.L. 94-455: Tax Reform Act of 1976 ......................................... 17 ...................................... P.L. 94-503: Crime Control Act of 1976 17 S . Res . 578: Bail for Narcotics Offenders ................................. 18 H . Res . 1350: House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.

94th Congress .............................................................. 18

95th Congress

P.L. 95-92: International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1977 ................................................................ 19

P.L. 95-115: Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977 ............................ 19

P.L. 95-137: Extending Appropriations Authorizations for the Enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act ....................................... 19

P.L. 95-142: Medicare-Medicaid Anti-Fraud and Abuse Amendments .............. 19 P.L. 95-384: International Security Assistance Act of 1978 .................. 20 P.L. 95-410: Customs Procedural Reform and Simplication Act ................. 20 P.L. 95-461: Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Amendments of 1978 ......... 21 P.L. 95-481: Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriation Act. FY 1978 ................................................................... 21

P.L. 95-537: Contract Services for Drug Dependent Federal Offenders Act of 1978 .................................................................... 21

P.L. 95-633: Psychotropic Substances Act of 1977 ............................ 21 H . Res . 77: Continuance of House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. 95th Congress .............................................. 22

H . Con . Res . 265: Endorsing Hermosillo Declaration .......................... 22

96th Congress

............................ P.L. 96-43: Speedy Trial Act Amendments of 1979 22 .............. P.L. 96-53: International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 23 .................. P.L. 96-92: International Security Assistance Act of 1979 23 P.L. 96-132: Department of Justice Appropriation Authorization Act. FY 1980 .................................................................. 23

P.L. 96-157: Justice System Improvement Act ................................. 24 P.L. 96-181: Drug Abuse Prevention. Treatment. and Rehabilitation Amendments of 1979 ......................................................... 24

P.L. 96-350: Possession or Transfer of a Controlled Substance. Abroad or on the High Seas. for Import Into the U.S .................................. 25

P.L. 96-359: Infant Formula Act of 1980 ..................................... 25 P.L. 96-509: Violent Juvenile Crime Control Act of 1980 ..................... 25 P.L. 96-528: Agriculture Appropriations. FY 1981 ............................ 26 P.L. 96-533: International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 .................................................................... 26

H . Res . 13: Continuance of the House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. 96th Congress ................................................. 27

97th Congress

P.L. 97-86: Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for .................................................................... FY 1982 27 P.L. 97-113: International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 .................................................................... 27

P.L. 97-116: Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1981 ............. 28 P.L. 97-248: Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1983 ............... 28 H . Res . 13: Continuance of the House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control. 97th Congress ................................................. 28

98th Congress

P.L. 98-67 (Title 11): Caribbean Basin Recovery Act .......................... 29 P.L. 98-151: Further Continuing Appropriations. FY 1984 ..................... 29 P.L. 98-164: Department of State Authorization Act. FY 1984 and FY 1985 ..... 29 P.L. 98-236: Amendment to the Contract Services for Drug Dependent Federal Offenders Act of 1978 .............................................. 30

P.L. 98-305: Controlled Substance Registrant Protection Act of 1984 ......... 30 P.L. 98-329: Banning Methaqualone ........................................... 31 P.L. 98-411: Departments of Commerce. Justice. and State. the Judiciary. and Related Agencies Appropriation Act. 1985 ............................... 31

P.L. 98-473 (Title 11): Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 ............. 31 P.L. 98-499: Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act .......................... 36 P.L. 98-509: Alcohol Abuse. Drug Abuse. and Mental Health Amendments of 1984 36 P.L. 98-573: Trade and Tariff Act of 1984 ................................... 36 P.L. 98-596: Criminal Fine Enforcement Act of 1984 .......................... 37 H . Res . 49: Continuance of the House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse

and Control. 98th Congress .............................................. 37

99th Congress

P.L. 99-83: International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 . 37 P.L. 99-88: Supplemental Appropriations for FY 1985 ........................ 35 P.L. 99-93: State Department authorizations. FY 1986 and FY 1957 .............................. (International Narcotics Control Commission) 38 P.L. 99-145: Department of Defense authorizations. FY 1986 .................. 38 P.L. 99-190: Further Continuing Appropriations. FY 1986 ..................... 39

BRIEF SUMMARIES OF TREATIES

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. 1961 .................................... 39 1972 Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. 1961 ......... 40 Convention on Psychotropic Substances ........................................ 40

FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO THE CONTROL OF NARCOTICS AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS, ENACTED 1961-1985: BRIEF SUMMARIES

INTRODUCTION

During t h e p a s t twen ty - f ive y e a r s , Congress h a s e n a c t e d a l a r g e number

of laws i n t e n d e d , i n whole o r i n p a r t , t o p r e v e n t t h e misuse of n a r c o t i c s and

o t h e r dangerous d r u g s . Of t h e s e enac tments , some a r e d e s i g n e d t o r e d u c e t h e

demand f o r such drugs--through t r e a t m e n t , e d u c a t i o n , and i n t e r v e n t i o n e f f o r t s - -

and o t h e r s a r e aimed a t r e d u c t i o n of d rug supply--through r e g u l a t i o n of

manufacture and d i s t r i b u t i o n , by c u r b i n g i l l i c i t t r a f f i c , and by f o r e i g n

a s s i s t a n c e f o r t h e c o n t r o l o f d r u g p r o d u c t i o n and t r a f f i c k i n g abroad .

T h i s c o m p i l a t i o n p r o v i d e s summaries of e n a c t m e n t s , t r e a t i e s and

r e o r g a n i z a t i o n p l a n s , passed from 1961 th rough 1985, t h a t have some c l e a r l y

i n d i c a t e d r e l a t i o n s h i p - - e i t h e r by s p e c i f i c r e f e r e n c e o r by v i r t u e o f l e g i s l a t i v e

h i s t o r y - - t o t h e F e d e r a l e f f o r t t o p reven t d r u g misuse by means of s u p p l y

r e d u c t i o n . Xeasures For t h e p r e v e n t i o n of drug misuse th rough demand r e d u c t i o n

a r e not i n c l u d e d .

A p p r o p r i a t i o n laws a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y i f they c o n t a i n p r o v i s i o n s h e a r i n g on

t h e s u b s t a n c e of t h e a c t i v i t y o r program f o r which funds a r e b e i n g a p p r o p r i a t e d .

I t shou ld be noted t h a t many measures of a g e n e r a l nature--such a s b r o a d l y

d i r e c t e d a n t i - c r i m e laws o r laws a u t h o r i z i n g t h e a c t i v i t i e s and f u n d i n g o f

g e n e r a l law enforcement a g e n c i e s (Coast Guard, Customs S e r v i c e , FBI, etc.)--may

a i s o c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e d rug c o n t r o l e f f o r t .

BRIEF SUMMARIES OF PUBLIC LAWS

P .L . 87-228

Makes i t a F e d e r a l c r i m e , p u n i s h a b l e by a f i n e of up t o $10,000 o r 5 y e a r s

imprisonment o r b o t h , t o t r a v e l o r use communications f a c i l i t i e s i n i n t e r s t a t e

o r f o r e i g n commerce t o c a r r y on o r t o a i d r a c k e t e e r i n g a c t i v i t y ( i n c l u d i n g any

i l l e g a l o r g a n i z e d e n t e r p r i s e i n v o l v i n g n a r c o t i c d r u g s ) .

P.L. 87-274: J u v e n i l e Delinquency and Youth Of fenses C o n t r o l Act

Author izes $10 m i l l i o n f o r f i s c a l y e a r 1962 and each of t h e two succeed ing

y e a r s t o make g r a n t s t o F e d e r a l , S t a t e , l o c a l and o t h e r p u b l i c o r n o n p r o f i t

a g e n c i e s and o r g a n i z a t i o n s t o pay p a r t of t h e c o s t of c a r r y i n g o u t p r o j e c t s

demons t ra t ing o r deve lop ing p r a c t i c e s f o r t h e p r e v e n t i o n , d i m i n u t i o n , and

t r e a t m e n t of j u v e n i l e de l inquency and ho ld ing promise of making a s u b s t a n t i a l

c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e s o l u t i o n of j u v e n i l e de l inquency problems ( i n c l u d i n g t h e

problem of j u v e n i l e drug a b u s e ) .

P r o v i d e s t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e s e r v i c e s t o S t a t e s , m u n i c i p a l i t i e s , and o t h e r

agenc ies - - inc lud ing i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , r e p o r t s and s h o r t term t r a i n i n g .

D i r e c t s t h e S e c r e t a r y of t h e Department of H e a l t h , Educat ion and Wel fa re ,

i n a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e Ac t , t o c o n s u l t w i t h t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s Committee on J u v e n i l e

Delinquency and Youth Crime on m a t t e r s of g e n e r a l p o l i c y and p rocedure .

P.L. 88-368: J u v e n i l e Delinquency Act Ex tens ion

Extends f o r an a d d i t i o n a l 2 y e a r s t h e J u v e n i l e Delinquency and Youth

O f f e n s e s C o n t r o l Act of 1961, w i t h p r o v i s i o n f o r a s p e c i a l demons t ra t ion p r o j e c t

f o r p r e v e n t i o n and c o n t r o l of j u v e n i l e de l inquency i n t h e D i s t r i c t of CoLumbia.

P.L. 89-74: Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965

Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to provide for special

controls over the manufacture and distribution of depressant and stimulant drugs--

including increased recordkeeping and inspection requirements, control over

intrastate commerce in such drugs as well as interstate--and to make possession

of the drugs (other than by the user) illegal outside of the legitimate channels

of commerce.

P.L. 89-793: Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966

Provides for the possibility of civil commitment, for treatment, of narcotic

addicts charged with Federal law violations; provides for the possibility, under

certain circumstances, of civil commitment to Federal care (for treatment purposes)

of addicts who are not charged with any criminal offense; and provides for grants

to States to assist in developing and maintaining specialized services and programs

for addicts. Also, makes Federal marihuana law violators eligible for parole.

Reorganization Plan No. 1, effective April 8, 1968

Merges the Bureau of Narcotics (Treasury Department) and the Bureau of Drug

Abuse Control (Department of Health, Education and Welfare) into a new agency,

the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, in the Department of Justice.

P.L. 90-351: (Title I) Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968: Title I, Law Enforcement Assistance

Autl~orizes a program of formula grants to States for the purpose of improving

and strengthening law enforcement, which may include efforts to treat and

r e h a b i l i t a t e n a r c o t i c a d d i c t s w i t h i n S t a t e c r i m i n a l j u s t i c e s y s t e m s ; and a l s o

a u t h o r i z e s a program of " d i s c r e t i o n a r y " g r a n t s t o S t a t e s and L o c a l i t i e s f o r

imp lemen ta t ion o f " s p e c i a l emphas is" l a w en fo rcemen t a c t i v i t i e s , which a l s o may

i n c l u d e d r u g a b u s e c o n t r o l p r o j e c t s .

P .L. 90-639: I n c r e a s e d P e n a l t i e s f o r Dangerous Drug O f f e n s e s

P r o v i d e s i n c r e a s e d p e n a l t i e s f o r i l l e g a l t r a f f i c k i n g i n d e p r e s s a n t and

s t i m u l a n t d r u g s , i n c l u d i n g LSD and o t h e r h a l l u c i n o g e n s , and makes p o s s e s s i o n

of s u c h d r u g s i l l e g a l ( f i r s t o f f e n s e a misdemeanor) u n l e s s o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h a

v a l i d p r e s c r i p t i o n .

P .L . 91-296: Marihuana and H e a l t h R e ~ o r t i n e Act

( T i t l e V of t h e H o s p i t a l and Medica l F a c i l i t i e s C o n s t r u c t i o n and M o d e r n i z a t i o n

Amendments of 1 9 7 0 ) . R e q u i r e s t h e S e c r e t a r y of H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n , and W e l f a r e t o

make a n a n n u a l r e p o r t t o t h e Congress on t h e h e a l t h consequences o f mar ihuana u s e .

P . L . 91-452: Organ ized Crime C o n t r o l Act of 1970

T i t l e I ; P r o v i e s f o r t h e summoning of s p e c i a l g r a n d j u r i e s i n ma jo r

m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , f o r t h e pu rpose of i n v e s t i g a t i n g o r g a n i z e d c r i m e a c t i v i t i e s ,

and a u t h o r i z e s s u c h j u r i e s t o i s s u e r e p o r t s upon c o n c l u s i o n of t h e i r terms.

T i t l e 11: P r o v i d e s t h a t , and p r e s c r i b e s t h e manner i n which , a w i t n e s s

i n a F e d e r a l p r o c e e d i n g may be o r d e r e d t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n a f t e r a s s e r t i n g

h i s p r i v i l e g e a g a i n s t s e l f - i n c r i m i n a t i o n , and d e f i n e s t h e scope of t h e immunity

t o be p rov ided s u c h w i t n e s s w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n f o r m a t i o n p rov ided under a n o r d e r .

T i t l e 111: C o d i f i e s p r e v i o u s l y e x i s t i n g F e d e r a l c i v i l contempt p r o c e d u r e s --

des igned t o d e a l w i t h r e c a l c i t r a n t w i t n e s s e s i n g rand j u r y and c o u r t p r o c e e d i n g s ,

a u t h o r i z i n g c i v i l contempt commitment u n t i l t h e c o u r t o r d e r i s compl ied w i t h ,

and makes s u b j e c t t o F e d e r a l p r o c e s s w i t n e s s e s who f l e e S t a t e i n v e s t i g a t i v e

commissions t o avo id g i v i n g t e s t imony .

T i t l e I V : A b o l i s h e s t h e "two-witness" and " d i r e c t ev idence" r u l e s i n t h e

t r y i n g of F e d e r a l p e r j u r y c a s e s , and p r o v i d e s f o r t h e p r o s e c u t i o n of p e r s o n s

making c o n t r a d i c t o r y s t a t e m e n t s under o a t h , w i t h o u t r e q u i r i n g proof of t h e

f a l s i t y of one of t h e s t a t e m e n t s .

T i t l e V : A u t h o r i z e s t h e At to rney General t o p r o t e c t and m a i n t a i n F e d e r a l

o r S t a t e government w i t n e s s e s i n o r g a n i z e d c r ime p r o c e e d i n g s , a l o n g w i t h t h e i r

f a m i l i e s .

T i t l e V I : A u t h o r i z e s t h e t a k i n g of p r e t r i a l d e p o s i t i o n s of F e d e r a l

Government w i t n e s s e s i n c r i m i n a l c a s e s a g a i n s t p e r s o n s b e l i e v e d t o have

p a r t i c i p a t e d i n o r g a n i z e d cr ime a c t i v i t y , and t h e u s e of such d e p o s i t i o n s a s

ev idence i n subsequent p r o s e c u t i o n s .

T i t l e V I I : P r o v i d e s t h a t i n any l e g a l p roceed ing of t h e Uni ted S t a t e s , t h e

c o n s i d e r a t i o n of c l a i m s t h a t ev idence is i n a d m i s s a b l e because d e r i v e d from t h e

i l l e g a l use of e l e c t r o n i c , mechanical o r o t h e r d e v i c e s h a l l be l i m i t e d t o t h o s e

c a s e s where t h e a l l e g e d i l l e g a l a c t h a s t a k e n p l a c e w i t h i n f i v e y e a r s of t h e

t ime t h e c l a i m i s made; and l i m i t s d i s c l o s u r e of i n f o r m a t i o n by t h e Government

i n such c a s e s t o o n l y such a s i s r e l e v a n t t o d e t e r m i n a t i o n of a d m i s s i b i l i t y of

t h e e v i d e n c e and is i n t h e i n t e r e s t of j u s t i c e .

T i t l e I X : Racke tee r I n f l u e n c e d and Cor rup t O r g a n i z a t i o n s (RICO). Amends

t i t l e 1 8 , U.S.C., t o p r o h i b i t i n f i l t r a t i o n of t h e management of l e g i t i m a t e

o r g a n i z a t i o n s by r a c k e t e e r i n g a c t i v i t y o r by t h e p roceeds of r a c k e e t e r i n g

activity where interstate or foreign commerce is affected; provides for criminal

penalties (including Eorfeiture of property to the United States) upon conviction

of violations of the prohibitions; and provides for civil remedies (e.g., court-

ordered divestiture of interest) to prevent and restrain violations of the

prohibition provisions.

Title X: Provides for additional sentences for habitual, professional, or

organized crime offenders convicted of a Federal offense.

Title XII: Establishes a Commission on Individual Rights to conduct a

comprehensive study and review of Federal laws and practices relating to special

grand juries and to special offender sentencing authorized under the Act,

wiretapping and electronic surveillance, bail reform and preventive detention,

no-knock search warrants, and the accumulation of data on individuals by

Federal agencies--to report within 6 years of establishment.

Title I: Financial Recordkeeping. Requires the maintenance of records by

banks, businesses and other U.S. financial institutions where such records would

be useful in criminal, tax, or regulatory investigations or proceedings.

Title 11: Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act. Among other

things, requires all banks and other financial institutions to file a currency

transaction report with the Internal Revenue Service for each deposit, withdrawal

or exchange of currency or monetary instruments in excess of $10,000. Requires

any individual involved in exporting or importing monetary instruments exceeding

$5,000 to report such transactions to the Customs Service. Provides for the

seizure and forfeiture of monetary instruments involved in a violation of the

CRS -7

r e p o r t i n g requ i rement . Author izes t h e S e c r e t a r y of t h e T r e a s u r y t o make

i n f o r m a t i o n from t h e r e q u i r e d r e p o r t s a v a i l a b l e t o any o t h e r F e d e r a l depar tment

o r agency upon r e q u e s t .

P.L. 91-513: Comprehensive Drug Abuse P r e v e n t i o n and C o n t r o l Act o f 1970

T i t l e 11: C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act . Replaces p r e v i o u s n a r c o t i c and

dangerous d rug c o n t o l laws ( e x c e p t t h o s e r e l a t i n g t o i m p o r t a t i o n and e x p o r t a t i o n ;

s e e T i t l e 111) w i t h a s i n g l e s t a t u t e and makes c e r t a i n changes i n t h e s u b s t a n c e

o f t h e s e l aws , i n c l u d i n g (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t of f i v e s e p a r a t e s c h e d u l e s f o r t h e

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of a l l n a r c o t i c s and o t h e r dangerous d r u g s ( " c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e s " ) ,

w i t h t h e e x t e n t o f r e g u l a t i o n o f e a c h d r u g o r s u b s t a n c e v a r y i n g a c c o r d i n g t o i t s

a s s i g n e d s c h e d u l e ( b u t w i t h d i s t i n c t i o n s between n a r c o t i c s and non-narco t i c s i n

t h e two most r e s t r i c t i v e s c h e d u l e s ) ; ( 2 ) t r a n s f e r t o t h e S e c r e t a r y of H e a l t h ,

Educa t ion and Welfare o f a u t h o r i t y t o d e s i g n a t e t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s u b s t a n c e s

proposed t o be r e g u l a t e d under t h e A c t , i n t h e absence of c o n t r o l r e q u i r e d by

t r e a t y i n e f f e c t upon enactment ; ( 3 ) e x t e n s i o n of e x i s t i n g l a w ' s l i c e n s i n g

requ i rements f o r n a r c o t i c s m a n u f a c t u r e r s t o a p p l y t o m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f a l l - c o n t r o l l e d d r u g s and t o a l l d i s t r i b u t o r s o f such d r u g s ; ( 4 ) a r e v i s i o n of p e n a l t i e s ,

among which i s one making any f i r s t - t i m e s imple p o s s e s s i o n o f f e n s e a misdemeanor,

r e g a r d l e s s of t h e d rug involved--and one e l i m i n a t i n g a l l mandatory minimum

s e n t e n c e s , excep t i n c a s e s i n v o l v i n g a s p e c i a l c l a s s o f p r o f e s s i o n a l c r i m i n a l

(one shown t o have Seen invo lved i n a " c o n t i n u i n g c r i m i n a l e n t e r p r i s e " ) ;

( 5 ) p r o v i s i o n of p o s s i b i l i t y of expungement o f p o l i c e r e c o r d , a f t e r s a t i s f a c t o r y

p r o b a t i o n , i n t h e c a s e of a f i r s t o f f e n d e r c o n v i c t e d of i l l e g a l p o s s e s s i o n o f

a n a r c o t i c d r u g o r marihuana ( such a p o s s i b i l i t y a l r e a d y e x i s t e d f o r o t h e r d r u g

o f f e n d e r s ) ; ( 6 ) p r o v i s i o n f o r p o s s i b i l i t y o f use o f "no-knock" s e a r c h w a r r a n t s

by law enforcement officers engaged in enforcing the Act; and ( 7 ) establishment

of a commission to conduct a study of marihuana, and to make recommendations

regarding its control. For carrying out functions under Title 11, authorizes

Justice Department appropriations of $60 million for FY 1972, $70 million

for FY 1973, and $90 million for FY 1974. Separately, authorizes annual

appropriations of $6 million for specific purpose of increasing Federal narcotics

enforcement strength by 300 agents plus support personnel.

Title 111: Controlled Substances Import and Export Act. Replaces with a

single new provision of law the existing statutes relating to importation and

exportation of narcotics and dangerous drugs, conforming to the provisions of

Title 11; and repeals other revenue laws relating to narcotics and marihuana.

Increases appropriation authorizations for the Commission on Marihuana

and Drug Abuse.

Extends the provisions of the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control

Act of 1968 for an additional year, and establishes an interdepartmental Council

of Juvenile Delinquency to coordinate all Federal delinquency control programs.

Authorizes appropriations of $75 million for FY 1972.

P.L. 92-73: Department of Agriculture--Environmental and Consumer Protection Appropriations Act, 1972

Contains a provision barring the payment of Federal subsidies to farmers

who knowingly allow wild marihuana growing on their land to be harvested.

CRS -9

P.L. 92-129: Selective Service Act Amendments

Contains a provision directing the Armed Forces: to identify drug dependent

servicemen and to provide them with treatment; to identify prospective servicemen

who are drug or alcohol dependent, refuse them entrance into the Armed Forces,

and refer them to civilian treatment facilities; and to report to Congress

within 60 days of enactment as to implementation of the provisions and with

recommendations for additional legislative action determined necessary "to

combat effectively drug and alcohol dependence in the Armed Forces and to

treat and rehabilitate effectively any member found to be a drug or alcohol

dependent person.

P.L. 92-226: Foreign Assistance Act of 1971

Among other things, authorizes suspension of foreign assistance to countries

not cooperating in attempts to curb illegal drug traffic to the U.S., and creates

an assistance program designed to encourage international narcotics control*.

Authorizes U.S. contributions to and participation in the Asian Development

Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Development

Association, respectively. Each contains a provision instructing the U.S.

Executive Director for the relevant institution to vote against any loan (or

* Amended by P.L. 92-352 (State Department appropriations authorizations, 1972) to provide for a specific FY 1973 appropriation authorization of $42,500,000 for the assistance program.

other utilization of the institution's funds) to any country with respect to

which the President has made a determination that its government has failed to

take adequate steps to prevent narcotics and other dangerous drugs from entering

the United States unlawfully or from being sold unlawfully to any U.S. Government

personnel or their dependents within the country's jurisdiction.

P.L. 92-255: Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972

Title 11: Establishes an office in the Executive Office of the President--

to be called the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (SA0DAP)--to

coordinate and direct Federal drug abuse control efforts related to rehabilitation

of drug-dependent persons, education, training, and research; makes specific

appropriation authorizations for the new office. Although "drug traffic

prevention" functions (law enforcement activities, diplomatic negotiations, and

foreign assistance for controlling drug production and traffic) are excluded

from the jurisdiction of the Office, provides that the Director of SAODAP may make

recommendations to the President in connection with any drug traffic prevention

function, and that he shall consult with and be consulted by all agencies involved

in such functions regarding their policies, priorities, and objectives. Also

specifically provides that the Director shall report, in writing to the President,

the conduct of any agency--be it concerned with abuse prevention or traffic

prevention--which "substantially impairs the effective conduct" of any other drug

function. Further provides that the Attorney General must give prior notice to

the SAODAP Director of any scheduling action (addition, removal, or transfer)

under the Controlled Substances Act. Specifies June 30, 1975, as the expiration

date for the Office.

Title 111: Directs the President to develop a "comprehensive, coordinated

long-term Federal strategy" for all drug abuse prevention and drug traffic

prevention functions conducted, sponsored, or supported by the Federal Government.

Requires such strategy to be promulgated initially no later than nine months

after enactment of the title. To assist in preparing strategy, directs the

President to establish a Strategy Council, consisting at least of the Director

of SAODAP, the Attorney General, the Secretaries of HEW, State, and Defense,

and the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs. Provides that the strategy must be

reviewed, revised as necessary, and promulgated as revised at least once a year.

Authorizes the Attorney General to provide care For narcotic addicts placed

on probation, released on parole, or mandatorily released (who are not eligible

for handling under the provisions of the Narcotic Addict Rehabiliation Act of

1966).

Extending the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act of 1968

for 2 additional years. The Act provides for grants to assist States and

communities (agencies outside the juvenile justice system) in furnishing

diagnostic, treatment, rehabilitative, and preventive services to youths who

are delinquent or in danger of becoming delinquent--which services may include

drug abuse treatment or prevention projects.

Amends the Narcotic Addict Rehabiliation Act of 1966 to increase treatment

options available through judicial disposition of addicts--especially to allow

methadone maintenance.

P.L. 93-83: Crime Control Act of 1973

Funds the law enforcement assistance program under the Omnibus Crime Control

and Safe Streets Act of 1968 for three additional years--authorizing appropriations

of $1 billion for fiscal years 1974 and 1975, and $1.25 billion for FY 1976.

Reduces State-local matching requirements from 25 to 10 percent except for Part C

construction, and increases to 50 percent the local non-Federal share to be paid

by the States for both Part B planning and Part C action grants. Contains a

provision specifically requiring States receiving grants for correctional

programs to provide "necessary arrangements for the development and operation

of narcotic and alcoholism treatment programs in correctional institutions and

facilities and in connection with probation or other supervisory release programs

for all persons, incarcerated or on parole, who are drug addicts, alcoholics,

or alcohol abusers." Further contains a Part C amendment referring specifically

to "centers for treatment of narcotic addicts" as a possible component of a

comprehensive State plan.

P.L. 93-87: Federal-Aid Hiahwav Act of 1973

Authorizes, among other changes, funding of research by public or private

agencies, institutions and individuals to explore the relationship between drug

use and highway safety.

P.L. 93-189: Foreign Assistance Act of 1973

Authorizes appropriations of $42.5 million for the international narcotics

control program established under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971, for each

of fiscal years 1974 and 1975, and contains a requirement that the President

transmit to Congress quarterly and semi-annual reports on all aspects of

U.S. international narcotics control programs and activities.

Authorizes the disposal of opium from the National Stockpile.

P.L. 93-281: Narcotic Addict Treatment Act of 1974

Amends the Controlled Substances Act to provide for the separate registration

of practitioners who use narcotic drugs in the treatment of addicts.

P.L. 93-415: Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974

Replaces and generally expands the programs authorized by the old Juvenile

Delinquency Prevention Act. Establishes an Office of Juvenile Justice and

Delinquency Prevention within the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration,

to administer a formula grant and contract program of assistance to States and

localities for the development of delinquency prevention and control programs

(defined as meaning "any program or activity related to juvenile delinquency

prevention, control, diversion, treatment, rehabilitation, planning, education,

training, and research, including drug and alcohol abuse programs, the improvement

of the juvenile justice system and any program or activity for neglected,

abandoned, or dependent youth and other youth who are in danger of becoming

delinquent"). Authorizes appropriations of $75 million for FY 1975, $125 million

for FY 1976, and $150 million for FY 1977. Creates a Coordinating Council on

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to coordinate Federal juvenile

delinquency programs, and creates an Advisory Committee for Juvenile Justice

and Delinquency Prevention to recommend policy and management of Federal programs.

Establishes a National Institute for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

to serve as an information clearinghouse and training center. Authorizes the

Secretary of HEW to make grants and provide technical assistance to localities

and nonprofit private agencies for the development of facilities to serve the

needs of runaway youth, outside the justice system--authorizing appropriations

for this purpose of $10 million for fiscal years 1975 through 1977. Extends the

old Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act for an additional year.

Authorizes appropriations for enforcement of the Controlled Substances

Act by the Drug Enforcement Administration--$lo5 million for FY 1975, $175

million for FY 1976, and $200 million for FY 1977. Also, repeals the "no-knock"

search warrant provision of the Controlled Substances Act, and extends the

possibility of parole to all persons convicted of a narcotic or dangerous drug

offense under the Federal laws in force prior to enactment of the Controlled

Substances Act.

P.L. 93-618: Trade Act of 1974

Among other things, provides for duty-free treatment of any eligible article

from any "beneficiary developing country" designated by the President, no country

t o be s o d e s i g n a t e d i f i t f a i l s t o t a k e adequa te s t e p s t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e U.S.

t o prevent t h e un lawfu l e n t r y i n t o t h e Uni ted S t a t e s of n a r c o t i c d r u g s and

o t h e r s u b s t a n c e s c o n t r o l l e d under t h e C o n t r o l l e d S u b s t a n c e s Act which a r e

produced, p rocessed o r t r a n s p o r t e d i n t h a t c o u n t r y . Also r e q u i r e s t h e P r e s i d e n t

t o submit a r e p o r t a t l e a s t once each c a l e n d a r y e a r l i s t i n g t h o s e f o r e i g n

c o u n t r i e s i n which n a r c o t i c d r u g s and o t h e r c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e s a r e produced,

p rocessed , o r t r a n s p o r t e d f o r un lawfu l e n t r y i n t o t h e Uni ted S t a t e s , and r e q u i r e s

t h a t t h e r e p o r t i n c l u d e a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h e measures t a k e n by t h e s e c o u n t r i e s

t o p reven t such a c t i v i t i e s .

R e o r g a n i z a t i o n P l a n No. 2 of 1973

C o n s o l i d a t e s and e n t r u s t s t o a s i n g l e new agency w i t h i n t h e J u s t i c e

Department, t o be known a s t h e Drug Enforcement A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , a l l F e d e r a l

a c t i v i t i e s r e l a t i n g t o t h e p r e v e n t i o n of i l l i c i t t r a f f i c i n n a r c o t i c s and

dangerous d r u g s .

P.L. 94-237: Drug Abuse O f f i c e and Treatment Act of 1972, Amendments

Among o t h e r t h i n g s , e s t a b l i s h e s , on a 3-year b a s i s , a n O f f i c e of Drug

Abuse P o l i c y i n t h e Execu t ive O f f i c e of t h e P r e s i d e n t , t o succeed t h e d e f u n c t

S p e c i a l Act ion O f f i c e f o r Drug Abuse P r e v e n t i o n i n p r o v i d i n g c o o r d i n a t i o n and

p o l i c y f o r m u l a t i o n f o r F e d e r a l e f f o r t s t o p reven t and c o n t r o l d rug abuse .

A u t h o r i z e s $700,000 f o r FY 1976, $500,000 f o r t h e t r a n s i t i o n , and 2 m i l l i o n

f o r each o f FY 1977 and 1978. S p e c i f i c a l l y a u t h o r i z e s c e r t a i n r e s e a r c h e f f o r t s

by N I D A , i n c l u d i n g t h o s e t h a t r e l a t e t o t h e development of non-add ic t ive

s u b s t i t u t e s f o r opium d e r i v a t i v e s - - w i t h a p p r o p r i a t i o n a u t h o r i z a t i o n s of

$ 7 m i l l i o n a n n u a l l y th rough FY 1978.

CRS -1 6

P.L. 94-329: International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976

In addition to other matters, extends the "International Narcotics Control"

program under the Foreign Assistance Act, for another two years, with appropriation

authorizations of $40 million for FY 1976 and $34 million for FY 1977. Provides

that no part of the FY 1976 money may go to any country where illegal traffic in

opiates has been a significant problem, absent a Presidential determination and

certification to Congress that the country is "signficantly reducing the amount

of illegal opiates entering the international market." Prohibits participation

by any U.S. official in any "direct police arrest action" in a foreign country

with respect to narcotics control efforts. Directs the President to make a

study of methods through which U.S.-funded narcotics control programs in foreign

countries might instead be assisted through international organizations.

P.L. 94-419: Defense Department Appropriations Act, FY 1977

Although the act contains no formal provision, the conference report

calls for an end to the random urinalysis testing programs of the armed services,

intended for the detection of drug abuse, by October 1, 1976, with funds saved

to be redirected to military alcohol abuse programs. The conference committee

also agreed that the Department should take "positive steps to make all commanders

aware of the fact that participating in a drug or alcohol abuse rehabilitation

program is, of itself, not to be considered grounds to deny reenlistment".

Moreover, the committee indicated that treatment of civilian employees by the

military services should be limited to emergencies and to those places where

treatment is unavailable through public and private sources.

P.L. 94-455: Tax Reform Act of 1976

Establishes stricter rules of confidentiality with respect to Federal

income tax returns. Has the effect of limiting the circumstances under which

the Internal Revenue Service may make information available to other Federal

agencies.

P.L. 94-503: Crime Control Act of 1976

Extends the law enforcement assistance program authorized by the Omnibus

Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 for an additional three years and

authorizes appropriations of $880 million for FY 1977 and $800 million for

each of FY 1978 and 1979 (along with an additional $15 million for each year

for a new community anti-crime program authorized by Sec. 103 of the act).

Provides that the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) is

under the policy direction and control of the Attorney General.

Provides for participation by State legislatures in the planning process.

Requires inclusion in the State Planning Agency (SPA) of a minimum of three

judicial nembers.

Provides for voluntary establishment of judicial planning committees to

develop annual State judicial plans, to be approved by SPAs and incorporated

into State plans.

Requires SPAs to allocate $50 million annually to such committees and

increases Part B planning block grants accordingly. Specifically authorizes

Part C funding for programs for stengthening the courts, for preventing

crimes against the elderly, for community anti-crime programs, and for early

case assessment programs.

Requires that juvenile delinquency programs be allocated 19.15 percent of

the total appropriation for LEAA.

Requires specific annual authorizations for Justice Department appropriations

beginning Oct. 1, 1978.

Authorizes the use of Part C funds for the "development of programs to

identify drug-dependent offenders (including alcoholics, drug addicts, and drug

abusers)"; and requires all States to establish "procedures for effective

coordination between State planning agencies and single State agencies designated

under section (409)(e)(l) of the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972 . . . in responding to the needs" of such offenders.

Requires the Institute of Criminal Justice, in consultation with the

National Institute on Drug Abuse, to give research priority to determining the

relations hi^ between drug abuse and crime and "to evaluate the success of the

various types of drug treatment programs in reducing crime."

Provides for the removal from the Federal civil service system of all

upper-level supervisory personnel in the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).

S. Res. 578 (94th Cong.)

Urges Federal judges to set more realistic bail for major narcotics law

offenders.

H. Res. 1350

Provides for the establishment and funding, during the 94th Congress, of

the House Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, for the purposes of

studying and reviewing the problems of narcotics abuse and control.

P.L. 95-92: International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1977

Among other things, extends the appropriation authorization for the

International Narcotics Control Program under sec. 482 of the Foreign Assistance

Act for one additional year (FY 1978), at the level of $39 million.

P.L. 95-115: Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977

Extends and expands the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

1974, authorizing appropriations of $150 million in FY 1978, $175 million in

FY 1979, and $200 million in FY 1980. Relaxes certain stringent requirements

of the Act. Increases appropriation authorizations for the Runaway Youth Act.

Extends appropriation authorizations for the enforcement of the Controlled

Substances Act for two additional years, $188 million for FY 1978 and $215 million

for FY 1979. Repeals the annual $6 million authorization under section 103 of

the Act.

P.L. 95-142: Medicare-Medicaid Anti-Fraud and Abuse Amendments

Contains a number of provisions for the general purpose of preventing

fraud and abuse under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, including: stricter

penalties, requirement of the suspension of practitioners convicted of criminal

offenses, establishment of a uniform reporting system for health facilities,

and incentives for establishment of State Medicaid fraud units.

P.L. 95-384: I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y A s s i s t a n c e Act of 1978

Among o t h e r t h i n g s : a u t h o r i z e s a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l

N a r c o t i c s C o n t r o l Program ( s e c t i o n 482 of t h e Fore ign A s s i s t a n c e Act) f o r one

a d d i t i o n a l yea r (FY 1 9 7 9 ) , a t t h e l e v e l of $40 m i l l i o n . Amends t h e "Mansf ie ld

Amendment" of 1976 t o p rov ide s p e c i f i c a l l y t h a t no U.S. o f f i c e r o r employee

may i n t e r r o g a t e o r be p r e s e n t a t t h e i n t e r r o g a t i o n o f any U.S. person a r r e s t e d

i n any f o r e i g n c o u n t r y w i t h r e s p e c t t o n a r c o t i c s c o n t r o l e f f o r t s wi thou t t h e

w r i t t e n consen t of t h a t person. Also p r o h i b i t s t h e u s e of any funds a u t h o r i z e d

by t h e s e c t i o n i n any program i n v o l v i n g t h e sp ray ing of a h e r b i c i d e t o e r a d i c a t e

marihuana p l a n t s i f t h e use of t h e h e r b i c i d e i s l i k e l y t o c a u s e s e r i o u s harm t o

t h e h e a l t h of p e r s o n s who may use o r consume t h e sprayed marihuana, but p r o v i d e s

f u r t h e r t h a t t h e p r o h i b i t i o n does n o t a p p l y when t h e h e r b i c i d e i s used i n

c o n j u n c t i o n wi th a n o t h e r subs tance t h a t w i l l p rovide a c l e a r warning t o p o t e n t i a l

u s e r s . E s t a b l i s h e s p rocedures under which t h e u s e of a h e r b i c i d e i n a marihuana

e r a d i c a t i o n program funded under t h e s e c t i o n i s t o be e v a l u a t e d by t h e Department

o f A g r i c u l t u r e and t h e Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency, t o a s c e r t a i n whether t h e

p r o h i b i t i o n shou ld be invoked; a l s o r e q u i r e s t h e S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e t o submit

a comprehensive r e p o r t t o Congress e a c h y e a r on e f f o r t s t aken t o e n s u r e compl iance

wi th t h e requ i rements of t h e h e r b i c i d e p r o v i s i o n s and t o prevent t h e s p r a y i n g

of marihuana w i t h h e r b i c i d e s harmful t o humans.

P .L. 95-410: Customs P r o c e d u r a l Reform and S i m ~ l i c a t i o n Act

Among o t h e r t h i n g s , amends t h e T a r i f f Act of 1930 t o i n c r e a s e from $2,500

t o $10,000 t h e maximum v a l u e of p r o p e r t y ( s e i z e d i n c o n n e c t i o n wi th a v i o l a t i o n

of U.S. customs l aws) t h a t i s s u b j e c t t o a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a s opposed to j u d i c i a l

forfeiture; makes by reference the same change with respect to all seizures

made tlnder the Controlled Substances Act.

P.L. 95-461: Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Amendments of 1978

Among other things, extends specific authorization for support of certain

areas of research--including the creation, development, and testing of synthetic

analgesics, antitussives and other drugs which are (A) non-addictive or (B) less

addictive than opium or its derivatives, to replace opium and its derivatives in

medical use.

P.L. 95-481: Foreign Assistance and Related Proarams Amrovriation Act, FY 1978

Contains a provision placing a $3 million ceiling on U.S. contributions,

during FY 1978, to the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control.

P.L. 95-537: Contract Services for Drug Dependent Federal Offenders Act of 1978

Transfers from the Justice Department to the Administrative Office of the

U.S. Courts the authority to contract for aftercare services for released

Federal offenders who are drug dependent, thus consolidating responsibilities

for supervisory care for such offenders in a single agency.

P.L. 95-633: Psychotropic Substances Act of 1977

Amends the Controlled Substances Act and other laws to meet obligations

under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances relating to regulatory controls

o n the manufacture, distribution, importation, and exportation of psychotropic

substances. Provides for tighter controls on the manufacture and distribution

of the drug phencyclidine (PCP), including increased penalties for illicit

trafficking, and places certain restrictions on commerce in the PCP ingredient

piperidine. Also provides for seizure and forfeiture of moneys and other

negotiable instruments furnished or intended to be furnished in exchange for

illicitly transferred controlled substances.

H. Res. 77

Provides for the continuance, during the 95th Congress, of the House Select

Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.

H. Con. Res. 265

Endorses the Hermosillo Declaration ("on Combating Traffic in Drugs at

the International Level," adopted by the seventeenth Mexico-United States

Interparliamentary Conference, May 1977) and urges the President to encourage

other nations to cooperate in an international effort to eradicate narcotics

trafficking and to eliminate illicit production of opium.

P.L. 96-43: Speedy Trial Act Amendments of 1979

Amends the Speedy Trial Act of 1974 to modify a number of requirements,

particularly to extend the period, from the time of arraignment, during which

a trial must commence. Specifically with respect to offenders who might be

subject to the provisions of the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966,

extends the periods of delay that are excluded in computing the time limits

for the filing of an information or indictment, and the commencement of trial,

to include delay resulting from any proceeding or deferral or prosecution

pursuant to that act.

P.L. 96-53: International Development Cooperation Act of 1979

Among other things, requires agencies that plan development assistance

programs for countries in which there is illicit narcotics cultivation to

give priority consideration to programs that would reduce such cultivation

by stimulating broader development opportunities.

P.L. 96-92: International Security Assistance Act of 1979

In addition to other provisions, extends the appropriation authorization

for the International Narcotics Control program under section 482 of the Foreign

Assistance Act. Extends the program through FY 1980, a 1-year extension,

authorizing $51.7 million, with $16 million earmarked for the Republic of

Colombia. Provides that contributions for the U.N. Fund for Drug Abuse Control

may not exceed $3 million or 25 percent of total member-nation contributions.

Amends the anti-paraquat provision of 1978 to make clear that it is not

intended to jeopardize programs aimed at reducing narcotics traffic.

P.L. 96-132: Department of Justice Appropriation Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1980

Authorizes appropriations for the Justice Department for FY 1980. For

the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), authorizes $198.3 million. Amends

the Controlled Substances Act (1) to authorize DEA to pay tort claims arising

in foreign countries in connection with the agency's operations, such payment

CRS -2 4

to be made in accordance with the Federal Tort Claims Act, and (2) to repeal

the requirement that an award of compensation be made to informers in accordance

with the customs laws.

P.L. 96-157: Justice System Improvement Act

Amends Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act. Establishes

a National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and a Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS).

Transfers the research operations of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

(LEAA) to the new NIJ and its statistics operations to the new BJS. Places all

three entities--LEU, NIJ, and BJS--under a new Justice Department agency, the

Office of Justice Assistance, Research and Statistics (OJARS). Authorizes $750

million per year for FY 1980 through 1983 for the major assistance activities,

education and training, and administration; $25 million for each of these

fiscal years for research; $25 million for each year for statistical activities;

and $25 million for each year for a community anti-crime program.

P.L. 96-181: Drug Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Amendments of 1979

Among other things, transfers to the President the responsibilities of the

former Office of Drug Abuse Policy. Expands membership of the Strategy Council

on Drug Abuse to include appropriate State and local government officials.

Extends specific authorization for the National Institute on Drug Abuse to

conduct or support research on designated subjects, including the development

of synthetic analgesics, antitussives and other drugs which are non-addictive

or less addictive than opium or its derivatives, to replace opium and its

derivatives in medical use.

Makes it unlawful for any person on board a U.S. vessel or a vessel subject

to U.S. jurisdiction--or for a U.S. citizen on any vessel--to possess, manufacture,

distribute, dispense, or unlawfully import a controlled substance. Also makes it

unlawful for any person anywhere to possess a controlled substance intending or

knowing that it will be unlawfully imported into the United States. Provides for

first offense penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment, or a fine of up to $25,000,

or both, and of double those maximums for a second or subsequent offense.

P.L. 96-359: Infant Formula Act of 1980

Among other things, contains provisions (1) to increase the maximum penalty

for trafficking in marihuana in amounts exceeding 1,000 lbs., to 15 years in

prison, or $125,000, or both (double for a second offense); (2) to extend the

1978 amendments to the Controlled Substances Act relating to the commerce in

the PCP constituent piperidine; and (3) to direct the Attorney General to make

available to the States additional information on the extent of, and on trends

in, the abuse of drugs.

P.L. 96-509: Violent Juvenile Crime Control Act of 1980

Title I: Amends the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

1974 to include the finding that the justice system should give additional

attention to violent crimes committed by juveniles, particularly in the areas

of identification, apprehension, speedy adjudication, sentencing, and

rehabilitation. Repeals declarations of purpose relating to the establishment

of training programs and centralized research and information services dealing

with juvenile delinquency.

Title IT: Amends the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of

1974, to specify, among other things, that the Office of Juvenile Justice and

Delinquency Prevention shall be (1) under the general authority of the Attorney

General and (2) under the direction of an Administrator with final authority

over specified administrative functions. Provides for a 3-year planning cycle

for formula grants. Requires that 5 years after the enactment of the amendments,

States receiving funds may no longer detain juveniles in jails or lockups housing

adult offenders. Provides for an emphasis on removing juveniles from jails and

lockups, on serious juvenile offenders, on the training of personnel to deal

with offenders with learning disabilities, on exemplary activities, and on the

implementation of juvenile justice standards. Authorizes appropriations of

$200 million each year for FY 1981-1984.

Makes appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies

programs for FY 1981 and for other purposes. Among other things, prohibits the

use of funds appropriated pursuant to the act for making production or other

payments to persons or corporations that harvest--for illegal use--marihuana or

other prohibited drug-producing plants.

P.L. 96-533: International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980

Among other things, extends the appropriation authorization for the

International Narcotics Control program under section 432 of the Foreign

Assistance Act. For FY 1981 authorizes $38.6 million. Makes available certain

aircraft, co~nrnunications equipment and operational support to t h e Colombian

anit-narcotics enforcement program.

H. Res. 1 3

Prov ides f o r t h e c o n t i n u a n c e , i n t h e 9 6 t h Congress , of t h e House S e l e c t

Committee on N a r c o t i c s Abuse and C o n t r o l .

P.L. 97-86: Department of Defense A u t h o r i z a t i o n f o r A p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r FY 1982

Among o t h e r t h i n g s , by way of c l a r i f y i n g t h e Posse Comi ta tus s t a t u t e ,

a u t h o r i z e s c e r t a i n k i n d s o f c o o p e r a t i o n by t h e Armed S e r v i c e s w i t h c i v i l i a n law

enforcement a u t h o r i t i e s f o r s p e c i f i e d purposes , i n c l u d i n g enforcement of t h e

C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act.

P.L. 97-113: I n t e r n a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y and Development C o o p e r a t i o n Act of 1981

Among o t h e r t h i n g s , a u t h o r i z e s a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l N a r c o t i c s

C o n t r o l program under s e c t i o n 482 of t h e Fore ign A s s i s t a n c e Act: $37.7 m i l l i o n

Eor each of t h e f i s c a l y e a r s 1982 and 1983. Repeals t h e p r o v i s i o n of t h e a c t

t h a t had p r o h i b i t e d t h e u s e o f a s s i s t a n c e funds f o r d rug c r o p e r a d i c a t i o n e f f o r t s

u s i n g an h e r b i c i d e shown t o be ha rmfu l t o human h e a l t h ; however, r e q u i r e s t h e

S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e t o in fo rm t h e S e c r e t a r y of H e a l t h and Human S e r v i c e s (HHS)

o f t h e use o r i n t e n d e d u s e , by any c o u n t r y o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , of

any h e r b i c i d e t o e r a d i c a t e marihuana under a program r e c e i v i n g a s s i s t a n c e .

F u r t h e r r e q u i r e s t h e S e c r e t a r y of HHS t o moni to r t h e h e a l t h impact of t h e u s e

o f marihuana t h a t h a s been sp rayed by an h e r b i c i d e and t o r e p o r t t o Congress

any ev idence of ha rmfu l e f f e c t s . Allows funds earmarked f o r Colombia under

t h e FYSO a p p r o p r i a t i o n t o be used f o r mar ihuana e r a d i c a t i o n ( w i t h p a r a q u a t ) .

Urges t h e P r e s i d e n t t o spend a t l e a s t $100,000 t o d e v e l o p a s u b s t a n c e t h a t

CRS -2 8

c l e a r l y warns p e r s o n s who may use o r consume marihuana t h a t i t has been sp rayed

w i t h t h e h e r b i c i d e pa raqua t o r o t h e r h e r b i c i d e harmful t o t h e h e a l t h of such

pe r sons . Requ i res such a s u b s t a n c e , i f developed, t o be used w i t h t h e h e r b i c i d e .

D i r e c t s t h e P r e s i d e n t t o make an annua l r e p o r t t o Congress on U.S. p o l i c y

f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l s t r a t e g y t o prevent n a r c o t i c s t r a f f i c k i n g .

P.L. 97-116: Immigrat ion and N a t i o n a l i t y Act Amendments of 1981

Among o t h e r t h i n g s , pe rmi t s t h e wa iver of s imple mar ihuana possess ion

o f f e n s e s , i n v o l v i n g 30 grams o r l e s s , a s grounds f o r d e p o r t a t i o n of t h e a l i e n

spouse , c h i l d , o r p a r e n t o r a Uni ted S t a t e s c i t i z e n o r permanent r e s i d e n t .

P.L. 97-248: Tax E o u i t y and F i s c a l R e s p o n s i b i l i t y Act of 1982

Conta ins p r o v i s i o n s des igned t o remove impediments t o I n t e r n a l Revenue

S e r v i c e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h o t h e r F e d e r a l law enforcement a g e n c i e s . S p e c i f i c a l l y ,

d e c e n t r a l i z e s a u t h o r i t y t o a p p l y f o r t a x d i s c l o s u r e o r d e r s , e l i m i n a t e s

"Catch-22" s t a n d a r d s f o r a c c e p t a b l e a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r d i s c l o s u r e o r d e r s , and

s u b s t i t u t e s t h e Uni ted S t a t e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l F e d e r a l employees i n c i v i l damage

a c t i o n s f o r unau thor ized d i s c l o s u r e of t a x i n f o r m a t i o n . Also amends t h e

I n t e r n a l Revenue Code t o e l i m i n a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of t a k i n g any d e d u c t i o n o r

r e c e i v i n g any c r e d i t , i n r e l a t i o n t o t a x e s , f o r any e x p e n d i t u r e made i n c o n n e c t i o n

wi th t h e i l l e g a l s a l e of s u b s t a n c e s c o n t r o l l e d under t h e F e d e r a l C o n t r o l l e d

Subs tances A c t o r s i m i l a r S t a t e s t a t u t e .

H. Res 1 3

Provides f o r t h e c o n t i n u a n c e , i n t h e 97 th Congress , of t h e House S e l e c t

Committee on N a r c o t i c s Abuse and C o n t r o l .

CRS -2 9

P.L. 98-67 (Title IT): Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act

Authorizes the President to proclaim duty-free treatment for all "eligible

articles" from any Caribbean country specifically designated under the act

unless that country fails to meet certain enumerated requirements. One

requirement is that the country must take adequate steps to cooperate with the

United States to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as

listed in 21 U.S.C. 812) produced, processed, or transported in such country

from entering the United States unlawfully.

P.L. 98-151: Further Continuing A~~ro~riations. FY 1984

Contains a prohibition on the provision of assistance, through programs

funded under the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act as provided for in

P.L. 98-377 and P.L. 98-63 and out of funds appropriated under the act, to any

country during any three-month period (after October 1, 1983) following a

certification by the President to the Congress that the government of such

country is failing to take adequate measures to prevent narcotic drugs or

other controlled substances (cultivated, produced, or processed in that

country, or transported through it) from being sold illegally within the

jurisdiction of such country to U.S. Government personnel or their

dependents or from entering the United States unlawfully.

P.L. 98-164: Department of State Authorization Act, FY 1984 and FY 1985

Contains provisions making U.S. assistance to any country that is a

major producer of opium, coca, or marihauana contingent on reductions by that

c o u n t r y i n t h e l e v e l s of such p roduc t ion . Requ i res t h e P r e s i d e n t t o s u b m i t ,

a n n u a l l y , a r e p o r t on U.S. e f f o r t s t o e s t a b l i s h and encourage an i n t e r n a t i o n a l

s t r a t e g y t o p reven t t h e i l l i c i t c u l t i v a t i o n and p roduc t ion o f , and t r a f f i c

i n , n a r c o t i c s and o t h e r c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e s . S p e c i f i e s t h a t r e p o r t s s h a l l

i d e n t i f y s o u r c e c o u n t r i e s and de te rmine t h e "maximum r e d u c t i o n s i n i l l i c i t

d rug p roduc t ion which a r e a c h i e v a b l e " i n primary s o u r c e c o u n t r i e s ; submiss ion

of r e p o r t i s t o be fo l lowed by c o n s u l t a t i o n s between t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n and

Congress on a p p r o p r i a t e s t e p s t o be t a k e n w i t h r e s p e c t t o d e l i n q u e n t c o u n t r i e s .

Amends t h e C o n t r a c t S e r v i c e s f o r Drug Dependent F e d e r a l Of fenders Act of

1978 t o extend t h e a u t h o r i z a t i o n of a p p r o p r i a t i o n s , th rough FY 1986, f o r

c o n t r a c t s wi th p u b l i c o r p r i v a t e a g e n c i e s f o r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n of r e l e a s e d d rug

o f f e n d e r s .

P.L. 98-305: C o n t r o l l e d Substance R e g i s t r a n t P r o t e c t i o n Act o f 1984

Makes i t a F e d e r a l cr ime t o r o b o r b u r g l e a pharmacy o r o t h e r d i s p e n s e r

( r e g i s t e r e d under t h e F e d e r a l C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act t o manufac tu re ,

d i s t r i b u t e o r d i s p e n s e t h e d rugs r e g u l a t e d under t h a t s t a t u t e ) of a s u b s t a n c e

c o n t r o l l e d under t h e F e d e r a l C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act - i f (1) t h e replacement

c o s t of t h e s u b s t a n c e i s a t l e a s t $500, ( 2 ) t h e person commit t ing t h e

o f f e n s e t r a v e l e d i n i n t e r s t a t e o r f o r e i g n commerce o r used any f a c i l i t y i n

commerce t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e a c t , o r ( 3 ) a n o t h e r person was k i l l e d o r s u f f e r e d

s i g n i f i c a n t b o d i l y i n j u r y a s a r e s u l t of t h e o f f e n s e . A u t h o r i z e s p e n a l t i e s

of u p t o 20 y e a r s imprisonment o r $25,000, o r b o t h ; where b o d i l y i n j u r y

occurs, up to 25 years or up to $35,000, or both; where death occurs, up

to life imprisonment o r $50,000, or both.

P.L. 98-329

Transfers the drug methaqualone from Schedule IT to Schedule I under the

Controlled Substances Act, thus banning it except for specifically approved

experimental purposes.

P.L. 98-411: Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985

In addition to making appropriations for the Justice Department for FY

1985, provides that the authorities contained in P.L. 96-132, "The Department

of Justice Appropriation Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1980," shall remain

in effect until the termination date of the Act or until the effective date

of a Department of Justice Appropriation Authorization Act (for FY 1985),

whichever is earlier. Also extends exemptions, for the Federal Bureau of

Investigation, from certain restrictions on undercover investigative operations,

and authorizes their application to similar operations of the Drug Enforcement

Administration--requiring from both agencies detailed audits and reports on such

operations.

P.L. 98-473 (Title 11): Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984

Chapter I: Bail. Amends the Bail Reform Act to (1) permit Federal

courts to consider the factor of potential danger to the community in

determining whether to release an accused individual pending trial (or appeal,

i f c o n v i c t e d ) o r , i f r e l e a s e i s a p p r o p r i a t e , i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r

r e l e a s e and ( 2 ) i n c r e a s e p e n a l t i e s f o r jumping b a i l .

Chapter 11: Sen tenc ing Reform. F o r development of a more uniform and

p r e d i c t a b l e F e d e r a l s e n t e n c i n g sys tem, e s t a b l i s h e s a s e n t e n c i n g commission t o

formuate g u i d e l i n e s f o r use by t h e c o u r t s when de te rmin ing s e n t e n c e s .

E l i m i n a t e s p a r o l e and a l lows o n l y l i m i t e d "good t ime" c r e d i t s . Requires

g u i d e l i n e s t o r e f l e c t p o s s i b l e e f f e c t s of s e n t e n c e s on F e d e r a l p r i s o n

c a p a c i t i e s . S p e c i f i e s t h a t d e p a r t u r e f r o n g u i d e l i n e s must be exp la ined i n

w r i t i n g by t h e c o u r t . Repeals Youth C o r r e c t i o n s Act.

Chapter 111: F o r f e i t u r e . Amends bo th t h e C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act and

t h e Racke tee r ing I n f l u e n c e d and Corrupt Organ iza t ions Act (RICO) . Imposes t h e

s a n c t i o n of c r i m i n a l f o r f e i t u r e f o r a l l f e l o n y drug o f f e n s e s . Expands t h e

scope of p r e v i o u s l y a u t h o r i z e d c r i m i n a l f o r f e i t u r e s a n c t i o n s under RICO t o

i n c l u d e t h e f o r f e i t u r e of r a c k e t e e r i n g a c t i v i t y proceeds . R a i s e s t h e c e i l i n g

( t o $100,000) on t h e v a l u e of p r o p e r t y s u b j e c t t o a d m i n i s t r a t i v e f o r f e i t u r e .

C r e a t e s two funds from f o r f e i t u r e p roceeds t o m a i n t a i n s e i z e d p r o p e r t y and t o

pay f o r c e r t a i n law enforcement expenses and i n o t h e r ways f a c i l i t a t e s

f o r f e i t u r e s i n d r u g - r e l a t e d and r a c k e t e e r i n g c a s e s . [See a l s o Chapter X X I I I ,

below. j

Chapter V : Drug Enforcement Admendments.

P a r t A: C o n t r o l l e d Subs tance P e n a l t i e s . Amends bo th t h e C o n t r o l l e d

Substances Act (CSA) and t h e C o n t r o l l e d Substances Import and Export Act (CSZEA)

t o (1) i n c r e a s e t h e maximum p r i s o n p e n a l t i e s f o r t r a f f i c k i n g i n l a r g e amounts

of an o p i a t e , c o c a i n e , p h e n c y c l i d i n e (PCP), o r l y s e r g i c a c i d d ie thy lamide (LSD),

( 2 ) i n c r e a s e t h e l e v e l of maximum f i n e s t h a t may be imposed a s p e n a l t i e s f o r

t r a f f i c k i n g i n any c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e , ( 3 ) i n c r e a s e p r i s o n p e n a l t i e s a n d f i n e s -

CRS -3 3

for trafficking in any amount of most non-narcotic substances in CSA Schedules

I or I1 (such as LSD and PCP), (4) increase penalties for trafficking in

marihuana in amounts ranging from 50 to 454 kilograms, (5) permit State and

foreign drug convictions to be considered under the enhanced sentencing

provisions applying to repeat drug offenders, and (6) create a new offense under

the Act of distributing a controlled substance in or on, or within a thousand

feet of, "the real property comprising a public or private elementary school,"

a first offense being subject to double the maximum penalty for a regular

trafficking offense and a second offense being subject to a mandatory minimum

of three years imprisonment and a life-time maximum. [See also Chapter XXIII,

below. ]

Part B: Diversion Control Amendments. Amends the Controlled Substances

Act to (1) permit the Attorney General to deny an application for practitioner

registration if he determines that its issuance would be inconsistent with the

public interest, (2) make it easier to revoke or suspend any registration under

the CSA (manufacturers, importers, distributors, and practitioners), (3) eliminate

some practitioner recordkeeping requirements and tighten others, (4) simplify

practitioner registration requirements (allowing a three-year life-span if

determined appropriate), (5) clarify the control of isomers, (6) establish new

emergency authority for the Attorney General to place under temporary controls

any uncontrolled substance not being marketed in the U.S. for medical purposes--

including registration, recordkeeping, and criminal sanctions for violation,

(7) authorize a program of grants to State and local governments ($6 million

a year for FY 1985 and FY 1986) to assist them in suppressing diversion of

controlled substances from legitimate medical, scientific and commercial channels,

and ( 8 ) expand import permit requirements to include the importation of certain

non-narcotic Schedule I11 substances.

Chapter VI. Division I: Justice Assistance. Among other things,

provides for Federal funding, through matching block grants to the States, of

State and local law enforcement programs "of proven effectiveness or which

offer a high probability of improving the functions of the criminal justice

system and which focus primarily on violent crime and serious offenders."

Specifically indicates drug trafficking as one of the "critical problems of

crime" that funded projects may address. Authorizes appropriations of $70

million for FY 1985.

Chapter VI. Division 11: Amendments to the Juvenile Justice and

Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974. Reauthorizes a program of assistance to

States for the development of programs to combat juvenile delinquency, and of

alternatives to incarceration of juveniles.

Chapter IX: Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act Amendments.

Designed principally to prevent the laundering of money by drug traffickers

and organized crime figures, (1) prohibits the attempted transport, out of the

United States, of monetary instruments exceeding $10,000 (as well as actual

transport, as under previously existing law, the minimum being increased from

the previous $5,000) absent the prior filing of a report with the Treasury

Departaent, (2) allows customs officials to search, without a warrant, for

unreported amounts of cash brought into or carried out of the country,

(3) authorizes rewards to informants providing original information on a major

violation of the Act, and (4) increases the penalties and fines for failure to

keep the records and file the reports required under the Act.

Chapter X: Miscellaneous Violent Crime Amendments

Part A: Murder-for-Hire and Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering.

Extends previously existing Federal jurisdiction over contract killings and

violence to cover those involving travel in interstate or foreign commerce or

u s i n g a f a c i l i t y of commerce, and a l s o t h o s e committed f o r a n y t h i n g of p e c u n i a r y

v a l u e r e c e i v e d from a " r a c k e t e e r i n g " e n t e r p r i s e .

P a r t B. C r e a t e s a new o f f e n s e of s o l i c i t i n g t h e commission of a v i o l e n t

F e d e r a l f e l o n y .

Chapter X I : S e r i o u s Non-violent O f f e n s e s

P a r t A. Makes i t a n o f f e n s e t o warn anyone t h a t h e o r h i s p r o p e r t y i s

abou t t o be sea rched by F e d e r a l a u t h o r i t i e s .

P a r t H. P r o h i b i t s t h e p o s s e s s i o n of c e r t a i n c o n t r a b a n d a r t i c l e s - - i n c l u d i n g

any n a r c o t i c drug--by a F e d e r a l p r i s o n inmate .

C h a ~ t e r X I I : P r o c e d u r a l Amendments

P a r t A. P r o s e c u t i o n of C e r t a i n J u v e n i l e s a s A d u l t s . P r o v i d e s f o r F e d e r a l

p r o s e c u t i o n , a s a d u l t s , of c e r t a i n j u v e n i l e d e f e n d a n t s cha rged w i t h s e r i o u s

F e d e r a l d rug o f f e n s e s o r c r imes o f v i o l e n c e .

P a r t B . Wi re tap Amendments. A u t h o r i z e s emergency w i r e t a p s wi thou t a c o u r t

o r d e r i n c e r t a i n s p e c i f i e d s i t u a t i o n s ( i n c l u d i n g i l l e g a l c u r r e n c y t r a n s a c t i o n s

and o f f e n s e s r e l a t e d t o v ic t im-wi tness i n t i m i d a t i o n ) .

C h a ~ t e r X I I I . N a t i o n a l N a r c o t i c s Act

C r e a t e s a N a t i o n a l Drug Enforcement P o l i c y Board, a n i n t e r a g e n c y c o u n c i l

t o c o o r d i n a t e F e d e r a l d rug law enforcement a c t i v i t i e s , under t h e c h a i r m a n s h i p

of t h e A t t o r n e y Genera l . Gives chai rman a u t h o r i t y t o a p p r o v e budget

reprogramming r e q u e s t s of any agency, i f d rug law enforcement i s i n v o l v e d , and

a l l o w s him t o d i r e c t t h e reass ignment of p e r s o n n e l , w i t h t h e c o n c u r r e n c e of t h e

head o f t h e agency a f f e c t e d .

Chapter X X I I I

A u t h o r i z e s a n a l t e r n a t i v e s e n t e n c e o f a f i n e of up t o t w i c e t h e p roceeds

from a v i o l a t i o n of t h e C o n t r o l l e d Subs tances Act , t h e C o n t r o l l e d S u b s t a n c e s

Import and Export Act, or the Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organization

chapter of title 18, U.S. Code. Authorizes the proceeds of forfeited property

to be placed in a fund for the maintenance of seized property, the purchase of

evidence, and the retro-fitting of seized and forfeited conveyances for law

enforcement purposes.

P.L. 98-499: Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act

Amends the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to (1) require the mandatory

revocation, for up to five years, of the airman certificate of someone convicted

of a violation of a State or Federal law relating to controlled substances,

and (2) provide for additional penalties for the transportation of controlled

substances by aircraft.

P.L. 98-509: Alcohol Abuse, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Amendments of 1984

Contains a provision for repeal of the statute requiring establishment of a

Strategy Council on Drug Abuse and the preparation of an annual "National Drug

Abuse Strategy."

P.L. 98-573: Trade and Tariff Act of 1984

Contains amendments to the Tariff Act of 1930 to raise the ceiling (from

$10,000 to 5100,000) on the value of property subject to administrative

forfeiture (unless contested) because of its involvement in a violation of

U.S. customs laws and to remove entirely the ceiling in the case of conveyances

used to import, export, transport, or store any substance covered by the

Controlled Substance Act. Raises (from $250 to $2,500) the amount of the bond

required from a claimant who contests such forfeiture and who seeks a judicial

hearing and determination. [With the exception of the amount of bond required

in contested cases, the provisions are essentially the same as those of Part D

of Chapter 111 of P.L. 98-473, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984.1

P.L. 98-596: Criminal Fine Enforcement Act of 1984

Amends the Federal criminal code to improve the collection of fines and to

increase the maximum fine level for certain offenses.

H. Res. 49

Provides for the continuance, in the 98th Congress, of the House Select

Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control.

P.L. 99-83: International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985

For the International Narcotics Control program, authorizes appropriatl

of $57.5 million for each of fiscal years 1986 and 1987. Makes economic and

military assistance to Bolivia contingent on the licensing of coca growers and

the limitation of production to pre-established needs, allowing 50 percent of

the scheduled payments for FY86 to be made after compliance--with the remaining

50 percent to be provided when the President certifies to Congress that Bolivia

has met the eradication targets for 1985 that were specified in a 1983 agreement.

For continuation of aid in FY87, Bolivia must have developed a plan to eradicate

illicit production. Conditions approximately $90 million of the total amount

of FY86 assistance scheduLed for Peru on a si!owing of "substantial progress"

by Peru in in developing a plan to eliminate unlicensed coca production. To

CRS -3 8

receive full assistance in FY87, Peru must have put the plan into operation.

Terminates the ban on participation by U.S. officers or employees in police

arrest actions or interrogations in foreign countries where such participation

has been aggreed on by the Secretary of State and the government of the country

in question. Requires countries receiving assistance for narcotic control to

provide at least 25 percent of the cost of any program or project funded with

such assistance. Authorizes provision of defense armaments for foreign aircraft

being used to combat drugs. Requires a study to determine the feasibility of

establishing a Latin American regional narcotics control organization. Requires

a number of additional reports to Congress on matters pertaining to drug control.

P.L. 99-88: Suvvlemental A~~rovriations for FY 1985

Contains a provision directing the Secretary of Defense to submit a report

to Congress on the role of the Department in the drug interdiction and law

enforcement activities of the Federal government and also directs the President

to make a similar report covering -. all Federal drug enforcement efforts, setting

forth "the mechanisms for coordinating the policy and operational control of

the elements of each agency in the drug interdiction and law enforcement mission."

P.L. 99-93: State De~artment authorizations. FY 1986 and FY 1987

Contains a provision establishing the International Narcotics Control

Commission, to monitor drug control treaties.

P.L. 99-145: Department of Defense authorizations, FY 1986

Authorizes establishment of special airborne surveillance and detection

units within the Armed Forces, permitting existing active units to be utilized

CRS -3 9

w h i l e a l s o a l l o w i n g f o r t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of u s i n g r e s e r v e s . P r o v i d e s f o r t h e

mandatory ass ignment of Coast Guard p e r s o n n e l t o each n a v a l v e s s e l a t s e a

i n a d rug i n t e r d i c t i o n a r e a and a u t h o r i z e s a p p r o p r i a t i o n s f o r 500 a d d i t i o n a l

Coast Guard p e r s o n n e l f o r t h i s purpose . P rov ides f o r a s t u d y on t h e use o f

E-2 a i r c r a f t f o r d r u g i n t e r d i c t i o n purposes .

P.L. 99-190: F u r t h e r Cont inu ing A p p r o p r i a t i o n s , FY 1986

C o n t a i n s p r o v i s i o n s t o (1) earmark $300 m i l l i o n f o r t h e enhancement o f d r u g

i n t e r d i c t i o n e f f o r t s by t h e Defense D e p a r t a e n t , o f which $35 m i l l i o n i s f u r t h e r

earmarked f o r t h e commencement of t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n of a n AC-130H-30 p r e s s u r i z e d

d rug s u r v e i l l a n c e a i r c r a f t and t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a n " a p p r o p r i a t e " command and

c o n t r o l element f o r t h e drug i n t e r d i c t i o n m i s s i o n w i t h i n t h e A i r Force , and ( 2 )

r e q u i r e t h a t 50 p e r c e n t of t h e f u n d s ( e x c l u d i n g I n t e r n a t i o n a l N a r c o t i c s C o n t r o l

f u n d s ) f o r Jamaica and Peru be w i t h h e l d from o b l i g a t i o n u n l e s s t h e P r e s i d e n t

d e t e r m i n e s and r e p o r t s t o Congress t h a t t h e s e Governments a r e " s u f f i c i e n t l y

r e s p o n s i v e t o t h e U. S. Government's c o n c e r n s on d rug c o n t r o l and t h a t t h e added

e x p e n d i t u r e s of t h e f u n d s f o r t h a t c o u n t r y a r e i n t h e n a t i o n a l i n t e r e s t s o f t h e

United S t a t e s . "

BRIEF SUMMARIES OF MULTILATERAL TREATIES

S i n g l e Convent ion on N a r c o t i c Drugs. 1961

[En te red i n t o f o r c e f o r t h e Uni ted S t a t e s June 2 4 , 19671. Rep laces p r e v i o u s

m u l t i l a t e r a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r e a t i e s f o r t h e c o n t r o l o f n a r c o t i c d rug t r a f f i c w i t h

a s i n g l e new i n s t r u m e n t , des igned t o s i m p l i f y and s t r e n g t h e n t h e e x i s t i n g machinery

of regulation. General purpose is to limit the production and distribution of

opiua, coca, cannabis and their derivatives, along with specified synthetic

narcotic compounds. Requires signatories to adopt appropriate legislation to

limit production and distribution to such amounts as are necessary for medical

and scientific purposes, to introduce necessary administrative and enforcement

measures, and to cooperate with the international drug control organs as well

as with other countries. [TIAS 62981

1972 Protocol Amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961

Increases the authority of the International Narcotics Control Board.

[26 UST 1439; T I A S 81181

Convention on Psychotropic Substances

[Entered into force for the United States April 16, 19801. Provides for the

international control of depressant, stimulant, and hallucinogenic substances not

subject to the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. [TIAS 97251

HLH: d b