Report from ICFA Digital Divide Workshop

Daegu, Korea, May 23-27 ‘05Les Cottrell,

Presented at the Internet2 Fall members Meeting, SIG on Supporting International Collaborations in Hard to Network Parts of the

World Philadelphia, Sep 2005

www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/scs/net/talk05/i2-icfa-sep05.ppt

ICFA=International Committee on Future Accelerators

Sponsored by the Particles and Fields Commission of IUPAP

SCIC• Standing Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity

(SCIC)• Charge:

– Make recommendations to ICFA concerning the connectivity between America, Asia and Europe. As part of the process of developing these recommendations, the committee should monitor traffic, keep track of technology developments, periodically review forecasts of future bandwidth needs, and provide early warning of potential problems.

Progress in Closing the Digital Divide We Must Work to Close to Digital Divide, from Several PerspectivesWe Must Work to Close to Digital Divide, from Several Perspectives

To Allow Scientists in All World Regions to Take Part in To Allow Scientists in All World Regions to Take Part in Discoveries; to Foster Research and EducationDiscoveries; to Foster Research and Education

Removing Regional, Last Mile, Local Bottlenecks and Removing Regional, Last Mile, Local Bottlenecks and Compromises in Network Quality are Compromises in Network Quality are On the Critical PathOn the Critical Path

““Dark Fiber” and community owned/operated networks emerging as Dark Fiber” and community owned/operated networks emerging as the means to rapid progress in a growing list of nations:the means to rapid progress in a growing list of nations:

us, ca, nl, jp, kr; us, ca, nl, jp, kr; pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2 Important ExamplesImportant Examples on the Road to Closing the Digital Divide on the Road to Closing the Digital Divide

GLORIAD (US-Russia-China-Korea) Global Optical RingGLORIAD (US-Russia-China-Korea) Global Optical Ring IEEAF “Global Quilt”; NSF: IRNC and IEEAF “Global Quilt”; NSF: IRNC and New Initiative on AfricaNew Initiative on Africa CHEPREO, WHREN and the Brazil HEPGrid in Latin AmericaCHEPREO, WHREN and the Brazil HEPGrid in Latin America Leadership & Outreach: HEP Groups in US, EU, Leadership & Outreach: HEP Groups in US, EU,

Japan, Korea Japan, Korea

GLORIAD

Network

Date:

3/1/2007

Seattle-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps(Tyco Contract)

Beijing-Khabarovsk (Russia)-Novosibirsk, 10 Gbps

Hong Kong-Beijing, 10 Gbps

Seattle-Chicago-NYC, 10 Gbps(CANARIE Contribution)

NYC-Amsterdam, 10 Gbps(Tyco Contract)

Amsterdam-Moscow, 10 Gbps

Moscow-Novosibirsk, 10 GbpsSeattle-Pusan-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps

(Tyco Contract)

Closing the Digital Divide: R&E Networks in/to Latin America

RNP2 and the GIGA Project RNP2 and the GIGA Project (ANSP)(ANSP)

AmPathAmPath: 45 Mbps Links : 45 Mbps Links to US (2002-5)to US (2002-5)

CHEPREO (NSF, from 2004):CHEPREO (NSF, from 2004): 622 Mbps Sao Paulo – Miami622 Mbps Sao Paulo – Miami

WHREN/LILA (NSF, from 2005)WHREN/LILA (NSF, from 2005)0.6 to 2.5 G Ring by 20060.6 to 2.5 G Ring by 2006Connections to Connections to

Pacific & Atlantic Wave Pacific & Atlantic WaveRedCLARA (EU):RedCLARA (EU): Connects Connects

18 Latin Am. NRENs, Cuba; 18 Latin Am. NRENs, Cuba; 622 Mbps Link to Europe622 Mbps Link to Europe

PacificWave

Sao PauloANSP

AtlanticWave

To GEANT622 Mbps

„Porta Optica – a coordinated task to Heal the Digital Divide to the East ...

CE countries – CBDF links to EE neighbours: - Poland: DF connectivity to every eastern neighbour - Scandinavia: the northern route - GRNET: activity in the Balkan region (SEEREN/ SEEFIRE) + the south route GEANT/TERENA: political & organisational support all: influencing the EE countries wrt. DF acq., importance of DF infrastructure & business models

TEIN2 Project

Partners:– China (CERNET)– Indonesia (ITB)– Malaysia (MDC)– Philippines (ASTI)– Thailand (ThaiREN)– Vietnam (MOST)

– Korea (KISDI)– Singapore (SingAREN)– Australia (AARNet)– France (RENATER)– Netherlands (SURFnet)– UK (UKERNA)

An initiative of the European Commission with the stated objective of improving connectivity in certain developing countries of the Asia Pacific region

Managed by DANTE

• Contracts Q2/3, operational Q4 2005 (to end 2007)

• Exploring collaborations with existing and planned initiatives

G. McLaughlin

G. McLaughlin

Philippines: PREGINet Network Map

No. of Partner Institutions as of March 31, 2005:

Academe = 34 Government = 33 Research = 27

TOTAL 96

2 Mbps Backbone

Africa Coverage

• Recently added monitoring station in South Africa (TENET)

• Note we now cover most (31) countries with many tertiary education centers (83% pop)

From S. Africa

Satellites vs Terrestrial• Terrestrial links via SAT3 & SEAMEW (Mediterranean)• Terrestrial not available to all within countries

ZA Connectivity• Connections are often indirect

– Costly, wastes Intl bw

Maroc Wide Area NetworkMARWAN 2

Network at 34 Mbps for Research and high education

45 Mbps

34 Mbps

2 Mbps

Rabat

Casablanca

Abdeslam Hoummada

PERN: Network Architecture

DRS DRSDRS

KarachiCore ATM/Router

IslamabadCore ATM/Router

LahoreCore ATM/Router

2x2Mbps 2x2Mbps

2x2MbpsLAN SwitchLAN Switch

AccessRouter

DXX DXXOFSOF

Node

University

University

Customer

Replica of Kr./Iba

International 2MB

DXX DXX OFS

University University

12 Universities

22 Universities

23 Universities

AccessRouter

University

International 4MB

International 2MB

DRS

OFS

50 Mbps

50 Mbps

50 Mbps

57 Mbps 65 Mbps

33 Mbps

HEC will invest $ 4M in BackboneHEC will invest $ 4M in Backbone3 To 9 Points-of-Presence (Core Nodes) 3 To 9 Points-of-Presence (Core Nodes) $ 2.4M from HEC to Public Universities for Last Mile Costs$ 2.4M from HEC to Public Universities for Last Mile CostsPossible Dark Fiber InitiativePossible Dark Fiber Initiative

Pakistan performance

• Infrastructure appears fragile• Losses to QEA & NIIT are 3-8% averaged over month

RTT

ms

Loss

%

Feb05 Jul05Fiber cut off Karachi causes 12 day outage Jun-Jul ’05, Huge losses of confidence and business

Another fiber outage, this time of 3 hours!Power cable dug up by excavators of Karachi Water & Sewage Board

• Typically once a month losses go to 20%

We Need to Work on the Digital Dividefrom Several Perspectives

Workshops and Tutorials/Training SessionsWorkshops and Tutorials/Training Sessions For Example: ICFA DD Workshops: Rio 2/04, For Example: ICFA DD Workshops: Rio 2/04, Daegu May 2005,Daegu May 2005,

HONET (Pakistan) 12/04HONET (Pakistan) 12/04 Share Information: Share Information: Monitoring,Monitoring, BW ProgressBW Progress; ;

Dark Fiber Projects & Pricing Dark Fiber Projects & Pricing Model Cases: Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., China, Brazil,…Model Cases: Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., China, Brazil,…

Encourage, and Work on Inter-Regional Projects Encourage, and Work on Inter-Regional Projects GLORIAD, Russia-China-Korea US Optical RingGLORIAD, Russia-China-Korea US Optical Ring Latin America: CHEPREO/WHREN (US-Brazil); RedCLARALatin America: CHEPREO/WHREN (US-Brazil); RedCLARA Asia Pacific: TEIN2Asia Pacific: TEIN2

Help with Modernizing the Infrastructure Help with Modernizing the Infrastructure Design, Commissioning, Development Design, Commissioning, Development Provide Tools for Effective Use: Monitoring, CollaborationProvide Tools for Effective Use: Monitoring, Collaboration

Systems; Advanced TCP Stacks, Grid System SoftwareSystems; Advanced TCP Stacks, Grid System Software Work on Policies and/or Pricing: pk, br, cn, SE Europe, in, …Work on Policies and/or Pricing: pk, br, cn, SE Europe, in, …

Encourage Access to Dark FiberEncourage Access to Dark Fiber Raise World Awareness of Problems, & Opportunities for SolutionsRaise World Awareness of Problems, & Opportunities for Solutions

Increased Engagement with Government Representatives and Increased Engagement with Government Representatives and AgenciesAgencies

ICFA SCIC Digital Divide Workshops Now a TraditionNow a Tradition

Daegu May 2005: Excellent occasion to focus on the Asia PacificDaegu May 2005: Excellent occasion to focus on the Asia Pacific A View of Progress and Remaining IssuesA View of Progress and Remaining Issues Bring target areas where progress can be made next into focusBring target areas where progress can be made next into focus

E.g. Russia, Pakistan, India, North-South Connections in the Asia PacificE.g. Russia, Pakistan, India, North-South Connections in the Asia Pacific Next MeetingNext Meeting

Choice of a Key Location: Russia, Poland, Romania have been Choice of a Key Location: Russia, Poland, Romania have been discussed; expressions of interest welcome.discussed; expressions of interest welcome.

Greater participation from government representativesGreater participation from government representatives

More Information• Meeting agenda and links to presentations

– http://agenda.cern.ch/fullAgenda.php?ida=a053424

Many systemic factors:Electricity, Import duties,Skills

M. Jensen

Bandwidth per networked computern=73

0.32

36.57

3.36

05

10152025303540

Minimum Maximum Mean

Mean Kbps per

networked computer

Users per networked computers by regionsn=66

11

171

50

63

15

55

0 50 100 150 200

Southern Africa

Central Africa

East Africa

West Africa

North Africa

Average

Regions

Average number of users per networked computer

Average Cost $ 11/kbps/Month

International & National Backbones