RENEWABLE RESOURCE CASE STUDIES:LESSONS LEARNED AND SUCCESS STORIES

Or “What I learned on summer vacation...”

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Presentation Summary

Drivers – EO 13423 and EO 13514 Air Force 3-Phase Approach Phase 1 – Resource Availability Phase 2 – Technology Feasibility Phase 3 – Business Case Analysis

Solar Energy Tucson ANGB Net - Zero Case Study Buckley AFB – Solar Field Installation McGuire AFB – Renewable Opportunity Assessments

Waste to Energy Feasibility Case Study – Kadena AB, Japan Renewable Opportunity Assessments

Biomass Landfill Gas Other Potentials for Renewable Energy Upcoming Research Potentials

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The Spirit of AdventureEstablished guidelines and criteria

EO13423/13514, EISA 2007, EPACT 2005, Doctrine End Goals 30% reduction in Consumption 1.5% increase per year in renewable energy (25% by 2025) 15% increase in high performance buildings 30% reduction in water consumption 100% of new facilities to be net zero by 2030 20% reduction of petroleum use by 2015

Decisions to be made Control of the Program Drawing the Box around your ProgramWorking with others

Create a baseline

– “Wow, that’s a large undertaking.”

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I have just met you, and I love you….Air Force Three Phase Approach

Reasons behind it Past experience Industry concerns

Phase 1 – Resource Availability Desktop evaluation Purely potential Logic Gates

– Incentives– Cost of Electricity– Resource Potential– Usage/Load

Narrow the field

Phase 2 – Technology Feasibility Site visits Resource Verification Environmental Land Use Restrictions Potential Showstoppers Small scale economics

Phase 3 – Business Case Analysis Cash Flow Profitability 30% Design

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I’ve altered him…He can protect you nowSolar Energy – Net-Zero Case Study

Tucson Air Nation Guard Base (ANGB) – Tucson, AZ – Home of 162nd Fighter Wing – Adjacent to Tucson International Airport Scope of Work Determine existing renewable energy resource capacity Determine potential for non-renewable energy reduction Determine potential for net-zero application Determine On-base and Off-base options for renewable energy Determine operational impacts (if any) Determine Funding Opportunities/Sources Determine if current infrastructure could support net-zero Determine if base could go “carbon neutral”

Conducted Energy Audit – Determined potential for non-renewable energy reduction to be 39%.

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Let’s do this…Let’s Put a Pin in ItKinds of “Net-Zero”

As defined by EO 13514 (Carbon Neutral) Designed, constructed, and operated to require a greatly reduced quantity of energy

to operate, meet the balance of energy needs from sources of energy that do not produce greenhouse gases, and therefore result in no net emissions of greenhouse gases and be economically viable

Based on Usage Mass Balance Equation – Energy in = Energy Out

Based on Demand “Energy Island”

Example – Base needs approximately (on average) of 4MW of continuous load - Equivalent to 35,000,000kWh of energy in a year (let’s say it includes

heating BTUs)– Generate 35,000,000 kWh of energy anytime during the year (Usage)– Generate more to offset commuters, flight operations, etc, etc… (C-N)– Generate 8MW of energy (70bWh), to handle peak demand loads

(summers in AZ, must have AC), sell excess to grid, store, or waste… (Demand)

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This is absolutely RidonkulousDifferent Types of Photovoltaic Systems

Surprise: Arizona has a lot of Sun! Photovoltaic Potential for Energy Generation Thin-Film PV - 15% Building-Integrated Roofing PV – 10-15% Crystalline Panels Monocrystalline silicon – 25% Multi-crystalline silicon – 20% Advanced Technologies (Robins AFB – New technology – 38%)

Thermal Wall and Thin-Film PV Water/Glycol/Evacuated Air Thermal Water Heating Day Lighting (Passive and Active) Other Solar – Concentrating

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Where is the Green-Eyed Man?Under-Utilized Areas

If it isn’t being used and it has sun on it – Let’s cover it with PV! Storm water Retention Canals Air Field space Erosion Control Method for Ammunition Bunkers Hangar Space and Air Craft Sunshade – Potential for Danger… Parking Lots Rooftops

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He is fully awesome!Solar Partnering and Results

Team up with Tucson Airport Authority and Tucson Electric Company Potential to produce over 124% of bases current needs with only land

use on base.

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Whole wheat is not the same thing as whole grainSolar Energy at Buckley AFB, CO

Economies of Scale – Design and Build 1.2MW solar field 230 Separate panels – Single axis tilt 5% of total energy needs 6 Acres Not plug and play – Design needed Footings Maintenance Accessibility Grid Interconnection Loading controls

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SuperBark!Solar Challenges and Caveats

Expense - $4 – 8/watt Variability of load Efficiency vs Cost Design Historical Consideration The REC question Qualified Installer Safety Disposal

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I wanted to give them a little sizzle….Waste to Energy – Kadena AB, Japan

Kadena Air Base, Okinawa Island, Japan Scope of Work Determine viability of Waste to Energy generation on or near Kadena

–Wet process–Dry process–Energetic process

Determine environmental impacts of such processes Additional uses of byproducts Cost Estimates Life Cycle analysis

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You got more talent in one lug nut than most cars have in their whole body…Driving Factors

Island of Okinawa has no place to put their trash Political reasons Reducing American Impact Old Battlefields to be reclaimed

15,000 tons of Municiple Solid Waste per year (pop. ~ 55,000) Energy generation, reduction goals Similar technology employed by the Japanese Cost considerations $150/ton for disposal May increase to $425/ton

Waste heat to create steam for: Desalination Chilled Water for base consolidation Heating base facilities

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Turn Left to Go RightDiffering Processes

Bio-Digestion Limited Fuel availability – Chow Hall Municipal Wastewater system

Incineration Reduced Fuel availability Stack requirements Can desalinate sea water

Plasma Gasification Full waste reduction Potential Untried Technology Energy Intensive Start-up

Pyrolysis Fuel Production

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If anyone asks, we were out smashing mailboxes all nightEnvironmental Impacts

New Municipal Waste Combustion systems (including plasma) are required to comply with Japanese Environmental Governing Standards (JEGS) which are very similar to the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) from the USEPA Drinking water could be generated on base Potential to destroy HAZWASTE on site Potential to destroy Lead Based Paint on site Potential to destroy asbestos, PCBs, and other

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I’m happier than a tornado in a trailer park…Kadena AB Feasibility Results

300 square foot footprint Potential to eliminate waste (10-100%) Potential to create energy (up to 1.6MW) Potential to create fresh water (350gpm) Potential to create steam for heat or adsorption chiller Potential to break even if costs for waste disposal increase

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What are you going to do, he’s my best friend…Kadena WTE Challenges and Caveats

Unproven Technology – Plasma Japanese Mainland Canada 52 sites worldwide Hurlburt Field, FL

Political Issues Local Incineration plant Increased Infrastructure Self-sufficiency of military base

Costs Research costs driving initial costs High Maintenance costs Limited expertise Cheap energy/waste disposal costs will highly impact

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But you see, I have the other slipper…Other RE resources investigated

Small scale Wind FE Warren

Hydrokinetic River Ocean

Biomass 11 other bases

Human Potential

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Did you ever see an elephant fly?Upcoming Research Potentials

Air Force Funded ESTCP Funded International Technology Exchange Hush House Energy Recovery Ultra-Capacitor Grid Power Electric Transportation Renewable Energy Storage Hydrogen Creation Renewable Energy Storage Plastic Thermal Cracking (Pyrolysis) Missile Silo Conversion Sun Shade Safety Joint Base/Mega Base Mass Transit Geothermal Mine Shafts

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You look more like a Cornelius… I get that alotConclusion

Understanding the drivers Air Force Process Solar Energy Tucson ANGB Net - Zero Case Study Buckley AFB – Solar Field Installation

Waste to Energy Feasibility Case Study – Kadena AB

Other Potentials for Renewable Energy Upcoming Research Potentials

Shaping the Future

Any More Questions?

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jeff.riegle@amec.com 612-252-3667

Those good old bear necessities….