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Solar Thermal Power Plants

By

Dr. Irshad Ahmed

Department of Mechatronics,Air University, E-9, Islamabad

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Basic Needs of Man

1. Food

2. Fiber

3. Fabric4. Fuel

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Environment

Device

Use

Environment

Device

Use

Environment

Renewable energy Finite energy

Sink Sink

Current source of continuous Finite source

Energy flow of energy

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Renewable energy supplies Conventional supplies

Examples

Source

Normal state

Initial intensity

Lifetime of supply

Cost of source

Cost of equipment

Variation and control

Location for use

Scale

Skills

Pollution and environment damage

Esthetics

Wind , Solar, biomass, tidal

Natural local environment

A current of energy. An income

Low intensity. dispersed: ~300 W/m2

Or less

Infinite

Free

High, commonly $2000

per KW capacity

Fluctuating: best controlled by change of load using

Site and society specific

Small scale economic, Large scale may present difficulties

Interdisciplinary and varied. Wide range of skills,

Importance of bioscience and agriculture

Usually little environmental harm

Local perturbations may be serious but usually acceptable

Coal, oil, gas

Concentrated stock

Static source of energy. Capital

Released at ~100 kW/m2 and

More

Finite

Increasingly expensive.>$0.1

Per KWh

Moderate, commonly $500 per

Capacity

Steady, best controlled by adjusting source with

feedback control

General and international use

Increased scale often improves supply costs, largescale frequently favored

Strong links with electrical and mechanical

engineering. Narrow range of skills

Environment pollution common especially of air

and water

Small structure may produce little Estheticsdifficulty.

able 1.1 Comparison of renewable and conventional energy system.

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Solar

Radiation

Sensible

Heating

Latent Heat

Potential

Energy

Kinetic

Energy

Photosynt

hesis

Geotherm

alHeat

Gravitation

al Orbital

motion

Tides

From

Earth

Planetary

motion

From 3Tidal power

Geothermal

installations

30

Biofuels

Wind and wave

conversion

Hydropower

Solar radiation

80,000

40,000

300

30

30

to spaceReflected

50000

120000

Absorbed

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Status of GHG Emissions

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ELECTRICITY INSTALLED

CAPACITY IN PAKISTAN

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ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND

DEMAND IN PAKISTAN

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ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND

DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN

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PAKISTANS POWER DEMAND

AND SUPPLY

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SOLAR RADIATION IN

PAKISTAN

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SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES

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SOLAR CELL, MODULE, ARRAY

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PN JUNCTION OF A SOLAR CELL

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SOLAR CELL FUNCTION

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I-V CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF

A SOLAR CELL

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SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES

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COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM

DIFFERENT SOURCES

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PV TECHNOLOGY

PERFORMANCE

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SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMP

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PV PUMP WITH SPRINKLER

IRRIGATION

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GRID CONNECTED PV POWER

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LARGE PV SOLAR POWER

PLANTSa

Name of PV

power plantCountry

Nominal

Power

(MWp)

GWh

/year

Capacity

factorNotes

Olmedilla

Photovoltaic ParkSpain 55[38] 85[36] 0.16

Siliken crystalline siliconmodules. Completed

September 2008

Strasskirchen SolarPark Germany 54

Lieberose

Photovoltaic Park[39][40]

Germany 53 53[40] 0.11700'000 First Solar CdTe

modules, opened 2009[41]

Puertollano

Photovoltaic ParkSpain 47.6

231'653 crystalline silicon

modules, Suntech andSolaria, opened 2008

Moura photovoltaicpower station[42]

Portugal 46 93[42] 0.23 Completed December 2008

Kothen Solar Park Germany 45 2009

Finsterwalde Solar

ParkGermany 41 2009

Waldpolenz Solar

Park[43][44]Germany 40 40[44] 0.11

550,000 First Solar thin-

film CdTe modules.

Completed December 2008