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Renewable Energy Utilization - Aspects and Innovations: Sustainable, Green, and Smart Buildings in the
Emirate of Ajman
Prof Abdul Salam Darwish
Director of Phoenix Renewable Energy Centre
Lecturer– La Rochelle B S France
Program Leader OLC Europe
Main Contents
• Sustainable Energy Services & Targets
• Achieving Green Buildings Sustainability
• Commonality Of Smart And Green Sustainable Buildings Is The Target to move
towards Zero energy buildings
• Renewable Energy Resources In Ajman – UAE… How to Utilise?
• ACHIEVEMENTS AND SUGGESTED TARGETS
• Conclusion
FEWA (The Northern Emirates Region) Electricity Generation Compared with Consumption [GWh]
Expected To Be Doubled In Few YearsSustained Energy Efficiency Strategy
To Slow This Grow
Sustainable Energy Services & Targets
Energy services that meet
Economic needsSocial needsEnvironmental needs
• Providing
• Affordable
• Accessible
• Reliable
• Targets
• Low or zero emissions of CO2
• No necessary ecological harmful impacts
• Enhancing the security of the energy transit
• Reducing the cost of the energy production
• Improving the utilization of the green technologies
UAE Energy Targets
• 25%-30% Energy generated from clean energy by 2030, from nuclear and solar.
• 7% of total power generation from renewable sources by 2020.
• Estimated that savings greater than USD 3.7 billion could be achieved by hitting its renewables' target.
• The UAE wind-mapping project is about identifying the best locations for potential turbine sites. The Northern Emirates seems to have a good potential.
Sustainability Challenges Faces The Emirate of Ajman - UAE
Insuring the availability of
• Environmental sustainability
• Clean Sustainable Energy
• Protecting natural resources such as soil, water and air.
• Seven themes:• Air• Water• Biodiversity (e.g. Enhancing the ecological value of
its parks and gardens)• Land• Coastal zone• Built environment• Waste.
Sustainable
Buildings
Sustainable Buildings
Sources: www.green.va.govwww.3.bp.blogspot.com
• Climate change
• Indoor comfort
• Importantly, human factors
• Move towards protecting the
environment.
• To pursue a balance among economic,
social, and environmental performance in
implementing construction projects with:• High economic significance• Strong environmental performance• Strong social impacts
Designed for modern challenges
Green Sustainable Buildingsgo-green.ae
Achieving Green Buildings Sustainability
To maximise sustainability in a green building design, strategies are required:
resource use
energy use
emissions
renewables
occupants
local community
transport
waste and recycling
strategy
Smart - Green - SustainableBuildings
linktv.org
Smart Buildings
• Controlled by a computerised network of electronic sensors and controls to monitor and operate mechanical and lighting systems.
• A building automation system (BAS) links sensors and controllers on each floor to a master controller
• Building engineering teams are then kept informed through automated reports.
• Using Intelligent systems to achieve optimization of
Structure, Systems, Services and Management
and the interrelationships between them.
exchangecommunications.co.uk
Commonality Of Smart And Green Sustainable Buildings Is The Target
Sustainable sitesWater Efficiency
Energy and atmosphere
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Innovation and Design process
GREEN BUILDINGS
Data Network
Video Distribution
A/V Surveillance
Access Control
HVAC Control
Power Mgm
Programmable Lighting
Cabling Infrastructure
Wireless Systems
SMART BUILDINGS
Optimize Energy Performance
Additional Commissioning Measurement and Verification
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring
Controllability of Systems
Thermal Comfort: Permanent Monitoring System
Innovation in Design
Source: automatedbuildings
Efficient systems by merging the Developments Of Yesterday with the Technologies Of Today.For Future energy we need to integrate and smartize operations with remote management
Sustainable Green and Smart Buildings is the move towards Zero energy buildings
• A net zero-energy building (ZEB) is with greatly reduced energy needs
• The balance of energy needs can be supplied with energy generated locally from renewable technologies.
• Solar and wind are key factors in addition to other sustainable energy sources including the waste-to-energy sources.
• Best strategy for is to gain Sustainable Community through:• Sustainable Designs
• Sustainable Planning
• Changing Behaviours
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE, SMART, GREEN
BUILDINGS:
Potential of Renewable
Energy Resources In
Ajman - UAE
Renewable Energy Sources In Ajman - UAE
wind
Wave
BiomassTidal
Solar
Waste-to-Energy
?
Renewables Investment by Sector In the MENA Region
114 (-41%)80 (38%)
8 (5%)
5 (-26%)
5 (-28%)
3 (-1%)
0.1 (-20%)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Solar
Wind
Biomass & waste
Biofuels
Small Hydro
Geothermal
Marine Solar and Wind can be
seen having the major
investment momentum
wind
SolarKey Renewable Energy Resources Ready For Utilization
in Buildings
inform.kz
Solar Energy
Potential
Ajman - UAE
Solar Energy Potential - Ajman
solargis.com
• High direct Normal Irradiation (DNI)
• High Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation (DHI)
Global Horizontal (GHI) = Direct Normal (DNI) X cos(θ) +
Diffuse Horizontal (DHI)
• Resulting in high Global Horizontal
Irradiation (GHI)
where θ is the solar zenith angle (vertically above the
location is 0°, horizontal is 90°).
(GHI) 2159 KWh/m2 per year
Solar Energy Potential - Ajman
• (DNI) is required for the Concentrated Solar Plant collectors (CSP)
• (DNI & DHI) for solar photovoltaic (PV) collectors, for electricity generation.
• Annual sum DNI (>1900 kW h/m2 )
• Annual sum of GHI (> 2159 kW h/m2 )
How can this be utilized in sustainable economical way
masdar.aeUnlimited energy potential available for investment!!
Small Size Projects investments
• Analysis for the suitable SolarSystems shows projects as small as100KW-500KW will payback theinvestment in less than 4 years andthe owners can have electricity atvery low rates for the next 22 years.
• These systems can be synchronized with DG sets to offer uninterrupted power supply throughout the year. solarenergypanels.in
Challenges to Utilization of Solar Energy
Reduce solar collectors’ efficiency
cthru.org.uk
Renewables still struggling to compete economically with fossil fuel
http://large.stanford.edu
• High Temperature• Dust
• The normal cost of solar PV modules fell by almost 80% between 2009 and 2014
• Cost
Overcoming Cooling Challenge
• Cooling load is the highest of energy demand.
• 25 different combinations of solar energy collection and cooling technologies were investigated.
• Most economically viable combination• Running vapour compression chillers by thin film PV modules
• fresnel concentrators
• Other developed system may also be considered.
Ssembatya, M., et al. (2014
Mokri, A., et al. (2013
Solar Thermal (Non-photovoltaic) Solar System (Heating – Cooling) - University of Florence
Possible system for buildings
• Produces thermal energy through a solar energy concentration system.
• Supply an absorption refrigeration unit for the summer air conditioning
misericordiadibadia.it
Optimizing the building envelope efficiency &Reducing Energy Demand for Cooling
• Insulation
• Air-tightness
• Optimized glazing and new glass materials
Allowing passive use of solar
gains in cold climates
Vojislav Novakovic ([email protected])
OR limiting solar impact
in hot climates.
Converting All Garages’ Shades
Wind Energy Potential inAjman
Key Drivers
• Secure power generation at night-time or through any unexpected climate change periods.
• Wind turbine normal costs dropped by more than 37% between 2009 and 2016.
• By 2025, average electricity costs generated by the sun and wind could drop by as much as 59% in UAE. International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena)
• UAE desalination cheaper with wind (recent study by Masdar 2017)
rameznaam.com/tag/economics/
windpowermonthly
Near Shore Wind Energy Potential
Annual Mean wind speed for the specified time range
• Mean average 5-6 m/s (Storms to reach higher speeds)
• Capacity factor 22%• Technology 100KW-500KW• capital cost 1500 (USD/kW) • O&M cost 60 (USD/kW/yr)
https://recrema.masdar.ac.ae/
Onshore Wind Energy Potential
• Mean average 5-5.5 m/s (Storms to reach higher speeds)
• Capacity factor 19%• Technology 100KW-500KW• capital cost 1500 (USD/kW) • O&M cost 60 (USD/kW/yr)
https://recrema.masdar.ac.ae/
Wind Energy Potential Facts In Ajman
• Possible wind speeds > 5 m/s is monitored onshore, exceed 7.0m/s
near-shore and as high as 13 m/s in some seasons.
• Wind power generation could be a possibility if the energy towers
are strategically located in relation to the highest wind catchment
point.
• Possible energy utilization from the wind at a height of 80 m, to
achieve a full load (i.e. capacity factor of 13.4%)
• Wind turbines with a low turning moment and characterized with a
low cut-in wind speed can be “wisely” implemented.
• Pumping water for irrigation is an option
Wind Energy Possible Implementations
• Turbines suitable for Implementation are
between (1kW – 500kW) (micro –
medium size)
• Predicted power (29 MWh – 3307 MWh)
annually for Horizontal and vertical axis
turbines power output (3.5 kW - 500 kW )
• Onshore, Costal area and Buildings
Rooftop.
• Street Lighting
climatetechwiki
Wind Power Desalination
• Possible desalination units:• Electro Dialysis (ED)• Reverse Osmosis (RO)• Mechanical Vapour Compression
(MVC)
• Best option is seawater desalination, especially in coastal areas with high wind potential
Gude, V. G. (2015).
Malek, P., et al. (2016).
energyprofessionalsymposium
Case Study For a Self powered Pilot Project - Solar install – 60KW-250KW System
• Selected building
• Should produce 175,000 KWh per year based on irradiation figures of 1900 KWh per KW installed.
• Rooftop and wall mounted
• Vertical axis wind turbines
30 KW capacity
Adding energy saving and performance materials, Insulations.
http://www.solarpv.co.uk/solar-pv-facades.html
Solar PV - Solar PV Facades - Rainscreen Cladding
Technology
Ajman Achieved 10% Saving in Electricity and Water consumption with 45% decrease in Maintenance Over the last Three years
• NEW or REFURBISHED buildings to self generate 10% of its Electrical
Consumption from Renewables ((Solar & Wind)
2018-2020
http://www.emaratalyoum.com/local-section/other/2013-12-21-1.633701
2016 -2018
Achievements and Suggested Targets
This is equivalent to approximate 35MW added could result reduction in the
use of diesel generators
• To achieve 20% Saving in Electricity and Water consumption
210 solar lighting poles in Ajman gardens and public Parks
• Municipality and Planning Department in Ajman completed the installation of 210 solar lighting poles
http://www.alittihad.ae/details.php?id=1148&y=2018
New Ajman school to run exclusively on solar power
• Fully powered by solar panels
• 2,000 solar panels in the first phase
• About 600 air conditioners, 20 centralised 40-tonne
air conditioner units, 1,800 LED lights, 125 computers
and 150 smart boards in the school will function with
solar power,
• The structure, which has over 20 classrooms, uses up
to 180 kilowatts of electricity which is supplied by
solar panels.
• Abu Dhabi green building code, (Etisdama)khaleejtimes.com
dubai92.com
Conclusions & Recommendations• Continue to save energy to reach 20%
• Start a policy on new and refurbished buildings to generate 10% of their consumption from solar and wind resources.
• Solar energy has great potential and tops in the list of renewable energies available at commercial level for availability on large areas of the surface of the earth
• Continues public awareness to assure energy saving through energy efficiency applications. (green, smart, Sustainable)
• Achieve a Green Building Certificate for energy efficiency for all city buildings.
• Eco-building materials have a great impact on the green building achievement.
• Cultural acceptance must be created through public awareness and education campaigns.
• Energy Performance Certification for buildings.