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8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/renewable-energy-snapshots-2011 1/62
M]Z :03=0 ML - :>??
Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits :>??
Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou, Gïrto Uzojõ, Aojci Gilairtc-Amrrorci, Bols Jfimg,
Pbigos Buf`, Zijmrti Foeof Oroltmduc
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Pbm gcsscil ia tbm HZE-CMP cs ti privc`m suppirt ti Eiggulcty pifcecms rmfotm` ti jitb luefmorol` lil-luefmor mlmrdy cl ir`mr ti mlsurm sustoclojfm, smeurm ol` maacecmlt mlmrdy pri`uetcil,`cstrcjutcil ol` usm.
Muripmol EiggcsscilHiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm
Clstctutm air Mlmrdy ol` Prolspirt
Eiltoet clairgotcil O``rmss8 Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou, Qco Amrgc, P^ 0=>, :?>:4 Cspro (QO), CtofyM-gocf8 orlufa.homdmr-wof`ouNme.muripo.muPmf.8 +53 >55: 423??3Aox8 +53 >55: 423:12
bttp8//cm.hre.me.muripo.mu/bttp8//www.hre.me.muripo.mu/
Fmdof LitcemLmctbmr tbm Muripmol Eiggcsscil lir oly pmrsil oetcld il jmbofa ia tbm Eiggcsscil
cs rmspilscjfm air tbm usm wbceb gcdbt jm go`m ia tbcs pujfceotcil.
Muripm @crmet cs o smrv cem ti bmfp yiu a cl` olswmrs
ti yiur qumst cils ojiut tbm Muripmol ]lcil
Armmpbilm lugjmr (*)8
>> 2>> 1 4 2 3 ?> ??
(*) Emrtocl gijcfm tmfmpbilm ipmrotirs `i lit offiw oeemss ti >> 2>> lugjmrs ir tbmsm eoffs goy jm jcffm`.
O drmot `mof ia o``ctcilof clairgotcil il tbm Muripmol ]lcil cs ovocfojfm il tbm Cltmrlmt.
Ct eol jm oeemssm` tbriudb tbm Muripo smrvmr bttp8//muripo.mu/
HZE 114>:
M]Z :03=0 MLCUJL 342-3:-43-:?532-0CUUL ?>?2-==35`ic8 ?>.:422/43>5:
Fuxmgjiurd8 ^ujfceotcils Iaacem ia tbm Muripmol ]lcil
© Muripmol ]lcil, :>??
Zmpri`uetcil cs outbircsm` privc`m` tbm siurem cs oekliwfm`dm`
^rcltm` cl Ctofy
8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
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Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits
:>??
Umptmgjmr :>??
Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou, Gorto Uzoji, Aojci Gilairtc-Amrrorci, Bols Jfimg, Pbigos Buf`, ZijmrtiFoeof Oroltmduc
Muripmol Eiggcsscil, @D Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm,
Clstctutm air Mlmrdy ol` ProlspirtQco Mlrcei Amrgc; P^ 0=> C ― :?>:4 Cspro, Ctofco
M]Z :03=0 ML
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?
^ZMAOEM
Pbm Muripmol Eiulecf ml`irsm` ot cts Gmmtcld cl Jrussmfs il 2/3 Goreb :>>4 o jcl`cld tordmt ia o
:>% sborm ia rmlmwojfm mlmrdcms cl tbm ivmroff M] mlmrdy eilsugptcil jy :>:> ol` o ?>% jcl`cld
gclcgug tordmt ti jm oebcmvm` jy off Gmgjmr Utotms air tbm sborm ia jciaumfs cl ivmroff M] trolspirt pmtrif ol` `cmsmf eilsugptcil.
Pbm :>>3 @crmetcvm il tbm "^rigitcil ia tbm usm ia mlmrdy arig rmlmwojfm siurems" lit ilfy
smt tbm gol`otiry tordmts air tbm Muripmol ]lcil's Gmgjmr Utotms, jut ofsi `roatm` o trohmetiry
il biw ti rmoeb tbm tordmts air moeb ia tbmg.
O titof ia ojiut =2.2 DT ia lmw piwmr eopoecty wos eilstruetm` cl tbm M] fost ymor ? ol` :.= DT
wmrm `meiggcsscilm`, rmsuftcld cl =1.5 DT ia lmw lmt eopoecty. Dos-acrm` piwmr stotcils oeeiultm`
air :2.5 DT, ir 02% ia tbm lmwfy clstoffm` eopoecty. Uifor pbitiviftoce systmgs givm` ti tbm smeil`
pfoem wctb ?5.= DT (:5%), aiffiwm` jy 3.0 DT (?1%) wcl` piwmr; 0.? DT (4%) GT eiof-acrm` piwmr stotcils; =4> GT (< ?%) jcigoss; 0=> GT (< ?%) EU^, :?> GT (< ?%) by`ri, :5> GT (<
?%) pmot ol` ?=> GT (< ?%) wostm. Pbm lmt clstoffotcil eopoecty air icf-acrm` ol` luefmor piwmr
pfolts wos lmdotcvm, wctb o `mermosm ia :0= GT ol` 53> GT rmspmetcvmfy. Pbm rmlmwojfm sborm ia
lmw piwmr clstoffotcils wos 0>% cl :>?>.
Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdcms orm o vmry `ylogce acmf` wctb bcdb driwtb rotms ol` tbmrmairm ct cs ia drmot
cgpirtolem ti josm `mecscils il tbm fotmst clairgotcil ovocfojfm os itbmrwcsm cgpirtolt `mvmfipgmlt
trml`s gcdbt jm gcssm`. Air emrtocl rmlmwojfm mlmrdy tmeblifidcms tbm `mvmfipgmlt ia maametcvm pifcey
gmosurms cs lit ymt pisscjfm `um ti tbm foek ia rijust, eilscstmlt ol` up ti `otm `oto.
Pbmsm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits orm josm` il vorcius `oto privc`mrs clefu`cld drmy `oto
siurems ol` trcms ti dcvm ol ivmrvcmw ojiut tbm fotmst `mvmfipgmlts ol` trml`s cl tbm `caamrmlt
tmeblifidcms. @um ti tbm aoet tbot uleilsifc`otm` `oto orm usm` tbmrm cs ol ulemrtoclty gordcl wbceb
sbiuf` lit jm lmdfmetm`. Tm bovm eriss ebmekm` ol` vofc`otm` tbm `caamrmlt `oto odoclst moeb itbmrs,
jut `i lit tokm oly rmspilscjcfcty ojiut tbm usm ia tbmsm `oto. Lmvmrtbmfmss, wm try ti up`otm tbm `oto os
armqumltfy os pisscjfm ol` wiuf` jm gist drotmauf air oly up`otm ia clairgotcil, ca iut`otm` ir
cleirrmet clairgotcil cs ijsmrvm`.
Cspro, Umptmgjmr :>??
@r. Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ouMuripmol EiggcsscilHiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Clstctutm air Mlmrdy, Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lct
? MTMO, Tcl` cl piwmr ― :>?> Muripmol stotcstces, Amjruory :>?? ol` `oto cl tbm Ulopsbits
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EILPMLP
^rmaoem ................................................................................................................................................?
Eiltmlt................................................................................................................................................ 5Cltri`uetcil .........................................................................................................................................=
Uuggory.............................................................................................................................................4
Mlmrdy arig jcigoss cl tbm Muripmol ]lcil..................................................................................... ??
Eilemltrotm` Uifor Pbmrgof Mfmetrcecty (EU^) Ulopsbit :>?? .......................................................... :?
:>?? Ulopsbit il Muripmol bitiviftoces cl o Tirf` Tc`m ^mrspmetcvm........................................... :3
Ulopsbit il Muripmol Uifor Bmot :>?? .............................................................................................5=
:>?? Ulopsbit il Muripmol Tcl` Mlmrdy ......................................................................................... 0?
ZMU stotus cl tbm Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Oetcil ^fols........................................................................... 0=
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=
CLPZI@]EPCIL
Pbm @crmetcvm :>>3/:2/ME ol` tbot ia tbm Eiulecf arig tbm :5r` ia Oprcf :>>3 il tbm prigitcil
ia tbm usm ia mlmrdy arig rmlmwojfm siurems smt tbm gol`otiry tordmts ol` ofsi roatm` o trohmetiry ti
tbm M] Gmgjmr Utotms rmfotm` ti tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy siurems. Cl oeeir`olem wctb Ortcefm 0(5); moeb
Gmgjmr Utotm sboff o`ipt ol` sujgct o Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fol (LZMO^) ti tbm
Eiggcsscil jy tbm 5>tb ia Hulm :>?> `msercjcld biw ti rmoeb tbm tordmts ultcf ol` jy :>:>.
Zmlmwojfm mlmrdy tmeblifidcms ol` tbmcr utcfcsotcil cl tbm M] bovm jmml `ylogce ivmr tbm post ymors
ol` bovm liw jmeigm mvml girm cgpirtolt.
Pbm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits :>?? eiffmets ol` suggorczms tbm fotmst ovocfojfm `oto il tbm
rmlmwojfm tmeblifidcms cl tbm M] ol` privc`ms o wirf`wc`m eiltmxt il tbm clstoffotcils, ol` mlmrdy
eilsugptcil.
Pbm rmpirt bos tbm aiffiwcld strueturm8 oatmr tbm suggory, moeb eboptmr cs `m`ceotm` ti ilm rmlmwojfm
siurem ol` tmeblifidy (wm aieus il jcimfmetrcecty, jcibmot, jciaumf, EU^, ^Q, Uifor tbmrgof ol` wcl`)
`msercjcld tbm eurrmlt stotus ol` cl sigm eosms tbm gorkmt `mvmfipgmlt. Pbm `mtocfm` tmeblifidy
olofyscs cs aiffiwm` jy ilm eboptmr il tbm rmsiurem `mvmfipgmlt ultcf :>:> oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s.
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U]GGOZS
Oeeir`cld ti tbm @crmetcvm :>>3/:2/ME ol` tbot ia tbm Eiulecf arig tbm :5r` ia Oprcf :>>3 il tbm prigitcil ia tbm usm ia mlmrdy arig rmlmwojfm siurems, tbm sborm ia tbm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdcms cl tbm
ivmroff M] mlmrdy eilsugptcil bos ti jm ot fmost :> % clefu`cld o ?>% jcl`cld gclcgug tordmt ti jmoebcmvm` jy off Gmgjmr Utotms air tbm sborm ia jciaumfs cl ivmroff M] trolspirt pmtrif ol` `cmsmfeilsugptcil.
Pbm M]'s Efcgotm Eboldm ^oekodm, o`iptm` cl :>>2, ocgs ti mlsurm tbot tbm M] wcff oebcmvm ctsmgcsscils tordmts jy :>:>8 o :>% rm`uetcil cl drmmlbiusm dos mgcsscils, o :>% cgprivmgmlt clmlmrdy maacecmley, ol` o :>% sborm air rmlmwojfms cl tbm M] mlmrdy gcx.
Cl oeeir`olem wctb Ortcefm 0(5) tbm ZMU @crmetcvm rmqucrms Gmgjmr Utotms ti o`ipt o LotcilofZmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fol, smttcld iut smetirof tordmts ol` gmosurms air oebcmvcld tbmsm tordmtsol` sujgct tbmg ti tbm Eiggcsscil jy tbm 5>tb ia Hulm :>?>, uscld o tmgpfotm oeeir cld ti tbmEiggcsscil @mecscil ia tbm 5>tb Hulm :>>3.
Cl tbm Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fols, moeb Gmgjmr Utotm bo` ti smt cts lotcilof tordmt airtbm sborm ia mlmrdy eigcld arig rmlmwojfm mlmrdy siurems eilsugm` cl mfmetrcecty, bmotcld ol`eiifcld, ol` tbm trolspirt smetir, os wmff os cl mvmry smeil` ymor up ti :>:>; tokcld clti oeeiult tbmmaamet ia mlmrdy maacecmley rmfotm` gmosurms il aclof eilsugptcil ia mlmrdy eigporm` ti tbm cl`ceotcvmtrohmetiry. Pbm Gmgjmr Utotms olliulem tbm mxemss ir `macect pri`uetcil wbceb eol jm usm` cl tbmeiipmrotcil gmebolcsg ir cl tbm stotcstceof trolsamr.
Cl dmlmrof tmrgs tbm titof mlmrdy `mgol` cs spfct mquoffy jmtwmml 0 smetirs - Cl`ustry, Prolspirt,Bmotcld ol` Mfmetrcecty - moeb bovcld o :=% sborm. ]l`mr tbm ossugptcil tbot tbm :>% cgprivmgmlt clmlmrdy maacecmley wcff jm rmofcsm` ol` tbot Cl`ustry ol` Bmotcld wcff gmmt tbmcr :>% Zmlmwojfmijfcdotcils, ct cs up ti tbm Mfmetrcecty Umetir ti eigpmlsotm air tbm rm`uem` tordmt cl tbm ProlspirtUmetir. Tm mstcgotm tbot 5= ti 0>% ia tbm titof mfmetrcecty (5,:>> ― 5,=>> PTb) bos ti eigm arigZmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Uiurems cl :>:> ti gmmt tbm tordmt.
Pbm tordmt eirrc ir wbceb bos ti jm rmoebm` air mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil arig Zmlmwojfm MlmrdyZmsiurems cs ??:> ― ?0>> PTb. Cl :>?> ojiut ?3.0% (10> PTb) ia tbm driss aclof mfmetrcectyEilsugptcil (5,5>1 PTb) eogm arig Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy siurems:. By`ri piwmr eiltrcjutm` tbmfordmst sborm wctb ?>.:%, aiffiwm` jy Jcigoss wctb 5.=%, Tcl` wctb =% ol` sifor wctb >.1%.
Tctb tbm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits wm wiuf` fckm ti gilctir jitb tbm post ol` auturm`mvmfipgmlt ia rmlmwojfm mlmrdy dmlmrotcil (goclfy mfmetrcecty) ol` wbmtbmr tbm :>:> tordmts eol jm
rmoebm`.
Air mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil arig By`ri ^iwmr (:>?>8 55> PTb), li gohir clermosm cs mxpmetm` osgist fordm by`ri rmsiurems orm ofrmo`y cl usm ti`oy. Cl o``ctcil, ct cs lit efmor ca tbm sogm rmsiuremswcff stcff jm ovocfojfm il o eiltcluius joscs cl tbm auturm ca mxtrmgm wmotbmr eil`ctcils jmeigm girmarmqumlt ol` o``ctcilof wotmr rmsiurem lmm`s gcdbt orcsm. Ugoff By`ri cs ol iptcil, jut wos litclvmstcdotm` cl tbcs rmpirt. Biwmvmr, pugpm` By`ri wcff pfoy ol clermoscldfy cgpirtolt rifm os stirodmeopoecty air tbm itbmr Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Zmsiurems.
O``ctcilof rmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil tmeblifidcms clefu`m dmitbmrgof, tc`of ol` wovm piwmrwctb mlmrdy dmlmrotcil ia 1 PTb ol` >.= PTb rmspmetcvmfy cl :>?>. Pbmcr mxpmetm` driwtb cs ia ?>.3
: LZMO^ olofyscs `oto
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PTb ol` 1 PTb jy :>:> rmspmetcvmfy, oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s. Pbmsm tmeblifidcms orm cl o rmsmorebol` `mvmfipgmlt pbosm ol` li gohir gorkmt pmlmtrotcil cs boppmlcld ymt. Pbmrmairm, tbmy orm lit ymtclefu`m` cl tbcs Ulopsbits, jut ct cs mxpmetm` tbot tbmcr gorkmt cltri`uetcil wcff tokm pfoem wctbcl tbmlmxt `meo`m.
Ct cs mxpmetm` tbot ca tbm eurrmlt driwtb ia mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil arig jcigoss eiltclums, jcimfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil eiuf` jm oriul` :5> PTb cl :>:>, up arig ?>>.= PTb cl :>>3. Olulemrtoclty cl tbcs mstcgotcil cs efmorfy tbm eigpmtctcvm usm ia jcigoss air itbmr mlmrdy usms fckm bmotol` trolspirt aumfs. Pi wbot maamet tbcs wcff eboldm tbm `mvmfipgmlt ia jcimfmetrcecty cs lit ymt efmor.Jcimfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil, mspmecoffy vco jcidos ir EB^ bos tbm jcd o`voltodm tbot jcigoss cs stirojfmol` tbm mfmetrcecty eol jm dmlmrotm` il `mgol`. Pbcs vorcojfm cs mxtrmgmfy cgpirtolt air o rmlmwojfmmlmrdy suppfy ol` clermosms tbm vofum scdlcaceoltfy.
Cl Muripm, tbm eurrmlt clstoffm` eopoecty arig Eilemltrotm` Uifor ^iwmr cs stcff sgoff (45> GT clHol :>??), jut cs stmo`cfy oeemfmrotcld. Oeeir`cld ti tbm Muripmol Uifor Pbmrgof MfmetrcectyOssiecotcil (MUPMFO) 5> DT ia EU^ eopoecty eiuf` jm clstoffm` cl Muripm dmlmrotcld oriul`?>> PTb ia mfmetrcecty cl :>:>.
Cl Muripm Uifor ^bitiviftoce Mfmetrcecty Dmlmrotcil bos odocl clermosm` cts eugufotcvm clstoffm`eopoecty jy girm tbol 2>% ti :3 DT cl :>?>. Pbcs rmsufts cl o eopoecty ofgist ?> tcgms os bcdb oswos airmsmml cl tbm Tbctm ^opmr os tbm Pordmt air :>?>. Pbm Muripmol ^bitiviftoce Cl`ustryOssiecotcil pujfcsbm` tbmcr ogjctcius vcscil pfol air :>:> fost ymor. Pbm lmw tordmt eoffs air up ti?:% ia tbm Muripmol mfmetrcecty dmlmrotm` wctb sifor pbitiviftoce mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil, ir arig 52>ti 0:> PTb. Pbm lmemssory driwtb rotm wiuf` jm 51% olluoffy, wbceb cs gueb fiwmr tbol wbot tbmcl`ustry bos smml cl tbm fost 2 ymors. Arig ol cl`ustry piclt ia vcmw tbm tordmt cs ogjctcius, jutoebcmvojfm, biwmvmr ct wcff lmm` oeeigpolycld gmosurms ti mlsurm tbot tbm mfmetrcecty drc` wcff jm ojfmti ojsirj ol` `cstrcjutm tbm dmlmrotm` sifor mfmetrcecty. Pbcs cs mspmecoffy cgpirtolt, jmeousm ?:% iatitof mfmetrcecty arig sifor pbitiviftoces trolsfotms ti o eugufotcvm clstoffm` ^Q eopoecty ia 5=> DT irefism ti 1>% ia tbm titof Muripmol tbmrgof mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil eopoecty (=3> DT cl :>>2) ir girmtbol 0>% ia tbm titof Muripmol mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil eopoecty (2>> DT cl :>>2). Pbmrmairm, maacecmlttrolsgcsscil ol` stirodm systmgs, os wmff os gi`mrl suppfy ol` `mgol` golodmgmlt, bovm ti jmovocfojfm ti aufacf tbcs vcscil.
Tcl` mlmrdy cs tbm lugjmr ilm cl lmwfy clstoffm` eopoectcms cl Muripm. Cl :>?> tbm o``ctcilofclstoffm` eopoecty wos ?> DT wctb girm tbol 20 DT ia eugufotcvm clstoffm` eopoecty cl :>?>, ctmxemm`m` tbm Tbctm ^opmr tordmt ia 0> DT jy girm tbol ?>>%. Pbm lmw tordmt ia tbm Muripmol Tcl`Ossiecotcil cs ocgcld ot :5> DT clstoffm` eopoecty (0> DT iaasbirm) cl :>:> eopojfm ia privc`cldojiut :>% ia Muripmol mfmetrcecty `mgol`. Oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s, tbm clstoffm` eopoecty cl :>?>
wos 20.3 DT ol` wcff driw ti :?5.0 DT jy :>:>.Ct eol jm eilefu`m` tbot ca tbm eurrmlt driwtb rotms ia tbm ojivm-gmltcilm` Zmlmwojfm Mfmetrcecty
Dmlmrotcil Uiurems eol jm gocltoclm`, up ti ?,1>> PTb (0= ― =>%) ia rmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty eiuf jmdmlmrotm` cl :>:>. Tctb tbcs eiltrcjutcil tbm rmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty cl`ustry wiuf` scdlcaceoltfyeiltrcjutm ti tbm aufacfgmlt ia tbm :>:> tordmts.
Cl ZMU bmot pri`uetcil, jcigoss bos tbm bcdbmst sborm wctb o 5:1.= ^H cl :>>3, wctb o `mermosm`driwtb rotm. Pbm sifor tbmrgof gorkmt ofsi `mermosm`, jy ?5 % cl tbm ymor :>?>, biwmvmr :.= DTtblmw eopoecty bos jmml clstoffm` rmoebcld tbm :5.= DT titof ipmrotcil eopoecty cl M]-:4.
Oftidmtbmr arig tbm gorkmt ol` ofsi arig tbm LZMO^ `oto ct eol jm smml tbot tbm :>:> tordmts eol
jm aufacffm`.
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Fost jut lit fmost ct bos ti jm picltm` iut tbot tbcs scdlcaceolt eiltrcjutcil ia tbmrmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty smetir wcff lit eigm jy ctsmfa. Tctbiut clermosm` pifctceof suppirt,mspmecoffy cl tbm acmf` ia aocr drc` oeemss ol` rmdufotiry gmosurms ti mlsurm tbot tbmeurrmlt mfmetrcecty systmg cs trolsairgm` ti jm eopojfm ti ojsirj tbmsm ogiults iaZmlmwojfm Mfmetrcecty, tbmsm prm`cetcils wcff lit eigm ojiut. Cl o``ctcil, tbm `caamrmlt
rmlmwojfm mlmrdy siurems wcff lmm` sujstoltcof pujfce Z&@ suppirt os wmff osoeeigpolycld gmosurms ivmr tbm lmxt `meo`m ti mlfordm tbm rmspmetcvm gorkmts, os eist
rm`uetcil ol` oeemfmrotm` cgpfmgmltotcil wcff `mpml` il tbm pri`uetcil vifugm
ol` lit il tcgm!
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MLMZDS AZIG JCIGOUU CL PBM M]ZI^MOL ]LCIL
Gorto Uzoji, Aojci Gilairtc-AmrrorciMuripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lct
m-gocf8 gorto.szojiNme.muripo.mu, aojci.gilairtc-amrrorciNme.muripo.mu
Pbm titof ogiult ia prcgory jcimlmrdy5 pri`uetcil cl tbm :4 Gmgjmrs Utotms ia tbm Muripmol]lcil (M]-:4) wos 3=.54 Gtim cl :>>2 ol` ?>>.=5 Gtim cl :>>3 rmspmetcvmfy.
JCIMFMEPZCECPS
Pbm titof clstoffm` eopoecty ia jcimfmetrcecty piwmr pfolt wos :?.313 DT cl :>>2 ol` :=.>3: DT cl:>>3; ct rmsuftm` arig ol ovmrodm ymorfy clermosm ia ?340 GT/o jmtwmml :>>? ol` :>>3, os ct cssbiwl cl Acdurm ?. Arig :>>5 tbm ymorfy ovmrodm clermosm rism ojiut aiur tcgms (ti :>:> GT/o) tboltbm ymorfy ovmrodm jmtwmml ?331 ol` :>>: (wbceb wos 0=4 GT/o).
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Acdurm ? Pitof jcimlmrdy clstoffm` eopoecty cl tbm M]-:4 arig :>>?0
Cl tbm clstoffm` eopoecty wii`/wii` wostm rmprmsmlts tbm jcddmst pripirtcil wctb =4 % (Acdurm :);tbcs cs goclfy aiul` cl Uwm`ml, Dmrgoly, Oustrco ol` Aclfol` wctb girm tbol ?=>> GT cl moeb. Pbmbcdbmst ogiult cs aiul` cl Uwm`ml wctb 5?0: GT (Acdurm 5).
5 Jcimlmrdy8 jci-bmot + jci-mfmetrcecty + jciaumfs air trolspirt0 Uiurem Muristot. cl`ceotirs8 Clarostrueturm ― mfmetrcecty olluof `oto (lrd-??5o) Lmt goxcgug eopoecty8 Gulcecpof wostms(?:-??41:=5), wii`/wii` wostms (?:-??41:15), jcidos (?:-??41555); ^ri`uet8 Mfmetrceof Eopoecty (3>>4)
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?:
:>>3 Gulcecpof
w ostm
:5%
w ii /w i
i` wostm
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Acdurm : Clstoffm` jcimfmetrcecty siurems cl tbm M]-:4 cl tbm ymor :>>3
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Acdurm 5 Jcimfmetrcecty clstoffm` eopoecty cl tbm M] GU-s jy siurem cl :>>2
Pbm mfmetrcecty pri`uem` ircdclotcld arig jcigoss wos ?>2 PTb cl :>>2 ol` ?:? cl :>>3 cl tbmM]-:4 wctb ol ovmrodm ymorfy clermosm ia ofgist ?5.= % jmtwmml :>>? ol` :>>3 (Acdurm 0). Dmrgolykmpt tbmcr rifm os tbm jcddmst jcimfmetrcecty pri`uemr cl :>>3 wctb 50:1> DTb aiffiwm` jy Uwm`ml ol`
]K wctb tbm vofum ia ?:>40 ol` ??=?: DTb rmspmetcvmfy (Acdurm =). Pbmsm tbrmm eiultrcms rmprmsmltofgist bofa (02 %) ia tbm titof pri`uetcil wctbcl tbm M]-:4 Gmgjmr Utotms.
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J m f d c u g
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@ m l g o r k
D m r g o l y
M s t i l c o
C r m f o l `
D r m m e m
U p o c l
A r o l e m
C t o f y
E y p r u s
F o t v c o
F c t b u o l c o
F u x m g j i u r d
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^ i f o l `
^ i r t u d o f
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U w m ` m l
] l c t m ` K c l d ` i g
D T b
gulce cpof wostm wii`/wii` w ostm
jcidos jcifcquc`s
Acdurm = Jcimfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4 GU-s cl :>>3 jy eotmdircms.=
Tctb rmdor`s ti mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil, wii`/wii` wostm wos tbm gocl siurem wctb o pripirtcil ia
=? % aiffiwm` jy gulcecpof sifc` wostm (:0 %). Pbm jcidos pmremltodm wos :? % (Acdurm 1). Air girmtbol bofa (?4) ia tbm gmgjmr stotms tbm wii`/ wii` wostm wos tbm fmo`cld jcimfmetrcecty siurem, wbcfmcl o sgoff lugjmr ia eiultrcms (Dmrgoly, Crmfol`, Drmmem, ]K ol` Fotvco) ct wos jcidos ol` ilfy cltbm Arolem Ctofy ol` Fuxmgjiurd ct wos tbm gulcecpof wostm.
= Uiurem Muristot. Uuppfy, trolsairgotcil, eilsugptcil - mfmetrcecty - olluof `oto [lrdY?>=oW
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?=
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J m f d c u g
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@ m l g o r k
D m r g o l y
M s t i l c o
C r m f o l `
D r m m e m
U p o c l
A r o l e m
C t o f y
E y p r u s
F o t v c o
F c t b u o l c o
F u x m g j i u r d
B u l d o r y
G o f t o
L m t b m r f o l ` s
O u s t r c o
^ i f o l `
^ i r t u d o f
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U f i v m l c o
U f i v o k c o
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k t i m
gulce cpof wostm wii /wii wostm
jcidos jcifcquc s
Acdurm 2 Jcibmot pri`uetcil jy eotmdircms cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>3
jcidos
:%
jcifcquc`s
:%
w ii /w ii`
w ostm40%
gulcecpof
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::%
Acdurm 3 Uborm ia jcibmot siurems cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>3
JCIA]MFU8 UI]ZEMU OL@ ]UM
Pojfm ? suggorczms tbm titof afiws ia fcquc jciaumfs cl M]-:4 cl :>>3.
^rcgory pri`uetcil ia jciaumfs cl tbm M]-:4 titoffm` ??.= Gtim cl :>>3. Pbm gohircty ia tbm
jciaumfs pri`uem` wos jci`cmsmf (1=%) wbcfm jcidosifclm ol` itbmr fcquc` jciaumfs eiltrcjutm` fmss(?1% ol` ?3%, rmspmetcvmfy). Cgpirtm` jciaumfs privc`m` 5.5 Gtim wbcfm ? Gtim ia jciaumfs wosmxpirtm` cl :>>3 gokcld up o o lmt cgpirt jofolem ia :.5= Gtim.
Ofgist off jcidosifclm (c.m., tbm sug ia jcimtbolif, jcigmtbolif, jci-MPJM ol` jci-GPJM4) ol` jci`cmsmf cs usm` cl tbm trolspirt smetir, wbcfm o eilscstmlt ogiult ia itbmr fcquc` jciaumfs (goclfy purmvmdmtojfm icfs) orm usm` air `cstrcet bmotcld, piwmr dmlmrotcil ol` cl`ustry..
Cl M]-:4, Dmrgoly cs tbm gocl jciaumf pri`uemr wctb 5.2 Gtim (55% ia M]-:4 pri`uetcil)aiffiwm` jy Arolem wctb :.: Gtim (?3% ia M]-:4 pri`uetcil). Itbmr rmfmvolt jciaumfs pri`uemrs ormsbiwl cl Acdurm ?>.
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?1
Pojfm ?8 Jciaumfs afiws cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>4. @oto cl ktim. (Muristot :>??)4 2
Jcidosifclm Jci`cmsmfItbmr fcquc`
jciaumfs Pitof
^rcgory pri`uetcil ?24> 400: :?=5 ??01=
Pitof cgpirts 40: :=12 4? 552?
Utiek eboldm -:> ?2 > -:
Pitof mxpirts :35 45? > ?>:0
Lmt cgpirts 003 ?254 4? :5=4Driss clfol` eilsugptcil ::33 3:32 :::5 ?52:>
Clput ti tbmrgof piwmr stotcils > ? ?5?0 ?5?=
Clput ti cstrcet bmotcld pfolts > > 22 22
Mlmrdy ovocfojfm air aclof eilsugptcil :501 3:0= 2:: ?:0?5
Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil ::10 3?1> 2:? ?::0=
Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil - Cl`ustry > 5? 5>5 550
Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil - Prolspirt ::10 3?>= =>= ??240
Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil - Biusmbif`s > := ?5 52
Cgpirt/mxpirt afiws air tbm M]-:4 eiultrcms orm sbiwl cl Acdurm ??. ]K cgpirts sfcdbtfy girm
tbol 4=> ktim ia jciaumfs, goclfy jci`cmsmf wbcfm Ctofy cs tbm smeil` fordmst cgpirtmr wctb 55> ktim. Cltbm eosm ia ]K jciaumfs, cgpirt cs riudbfy mqucvofmlt ti aiur tcgms tbm `igmstce pri`uetcil wbcfm cltbm eosm ia Ctofy, ct oeeiults air ojiut 5>% ia tbm `igmstce pri`uetcil. Cl tbm fordm gohircty ia tbm M]eiultrcms, jci`cmsmf cs jitb pri`uem` ol` cgpirtm`/mxpirtm` girm tbol jcidosifclm.
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Acdurm ?> Zmfmvolt jciaumfs pri`uemr cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>4. Eiultrcms lit clefu`m` cl tbm acdurm pri`uem fmss tbol
:>> ktim3.
4 Cl tbm wbifm olofyscs tbm aiffiwcld jciaumfs pri`uets ei`m` jy MuriUtot bovm jmml eilsc`mrm`8 jcidosifclm (==01), jci`cmsmf (==04), itbmr fcquc` jciaumfs (==02), jciaumfs (==0=).2 Muristot cl`ceotirs8 ^rcgory pri`uetcil (?>>?>>), titof cgpirts (?>>5>>), stiek eboldm (?>>0>>), titof mxpirts (?>>=>>),
lmt cgpirts (?>>1>>) , driss clfol` eilsugptcil (?>>3>>), Clput ti eilvmltcilof tbmrgof piwmr stotcils (?>?>>?), Clput ti`cstrcet bmotcld pfolts (?>?>>3), Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil (?>?4>>), Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil ― Cl`ustry (?>?2>>), Aclofmlmrdy eilsugptcil ― Prolspirt (?>?3>>), Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil - Biusmbif`s/Umrvcems (?>?:>>)3 Muristot cl`ceotirs8 rcgory pri`uetcil (?>>?>>)
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g j i
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Itbmr fcquc` jciaumfs
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Acdurm ?? Zmfmvolt jciaumfs cgpirts (pisctcvm vofums) ol` mxpirts (lmdotcvm cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>4. Eiultrcms lit
clefu`m` cl tbm acdurm cgpirt ol` mxpirt fmss tbol :> ktim?>
.
Prml`s cl jciaumfs gorkmt.
Acdurm ?: sbiws tbot tbm pri`uetcil ia jciaumfs bos jmml eilstoltfy clermoscld ivmr tbm fost `meo`mol` biw tbm cgpirt ia o rmfmvolt sborm ia jciaumfs cs o rmemlt pbmligmlo stortcld cl :>>=-:>>1.
Cl tbm fost 0 ymors, tbm M] jciaumfs pri`uetcil bos driwl jy riudbfy :>% mvmry ymor, sigmtbcld
fmss tbol tbm budm 1>% ymorfy driwtb rmdcstmrm` cl :>>0-:>>1 pmrci`. Cl ojsifutm tmrgs, tbm olluof pri`uetcil clermosm bos jmeigm stojfm cl fost tbrmm ymors ot oriul` ?2>> ktim pmr ymor.
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.
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?2
Jciaumfs cl tbm trolspirt smetir
Cl :>>3 tbm eilsugptcil ia jciaumfs cl tbm trolspirt smetir ogiultm` ti ??.3 GPim cl M]-:4.Jci`cmsmf bos jmml jy aor tbm gist eilsugm` jciaumf wctb o sborm ia 44% wbcfm jcidosifclm oeeiultm`air ?3 % ol` itbmr jciaumfs oeeiultcld air oriul` 0%.
Dmrgoly cs stcff tbm fordmst eilsugmr ia jciaumfs cl tbm M]-:4 (:.2 GPim wctb o :5% sborm) jutArolem bos rmoebm` :.= Gtim oeeiultcld air :>.1 % ia tbm M]-:4 eilsugptcil. Ctofy, Upocl ol` tbm]K aiffiw wctb o jciaumfs eilsugptcil sborm roldcld jmtwmml 2 ol` ?> pmremlt.
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Acdurm ?5 Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil ia jciaumfs cl tbm trolspirt smetir cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>>3 (Muristot :>??).?:
Acdurm ?0 sbiws tbm sborm ia jciaumf eiltrcjutcil ti tbm ivmroff mlmrdy eilsugptcil cl tbm trolspirtsmetir air tbm M]-:4 eiultrcms. Il ovmrodm, jciaumfs oeeiultm` air 5.:% ia tbm mlmrdy eilsugm` cltrolspirt cl :>>3 wctb ol clermosm ia ojiut ?% cl eigporcsil ti tbm acdurm cl :>>4. Lmvmrtbmfmss, tbmsctuotcil cs vmry `cvmrsm tbriudbiut Muripm.
Ufivokco (4%), Oustrco (=.4%), Arolem (0.3%), Dmrgoly (0.=%), Uwm`ml (0.:%) ^ifol` (0%) ol`Fctbuolco (5.=%) fmo` tbm woy, wbcfm off tbm itbmr eiultrcms orm jmfiw tbm M]-:4 ovmrodm, wctb 1eiultrcms lit rmoebcld tbm ?%, `mspctm o eigpufsiry tordmt ia ?>% ia rmlmwojfm mlmrdy cl trolspirt cl:>:>.
?:Muristot cl`ceotirs8 Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil ― Prolspirt (?>?3>>).
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?3
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U f i v
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m
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m l
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m p u j f c e
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f y
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Acdurm ?0 Uborm ia mlmrdy eilsugptcil cl trolspirt privc`m` jy jciaumfs cl :>>3. (Muristot :>??. Eiultrcms lit
sbiwl cl tbm acdurm bovm o jciaumfs sborm sgoffmr tbol >.=%)?5
.
Zmamrmlems
Muristot :>??8 @oto lovcdotcil trmm ot bttp8//mpp.muristot.me.muripo.mu/ , fost up`otm Hufy :3tb :>??.
?5 Muristot cl`ceotirs8 Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil ― Prolspirt (?>?3>>) air off pri`uets (>>>>) ol` jcidosifclm (==01), jci`cmsmf (==04), itbmr fcquc jciaumfs (==02).
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:>
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:?
EILEMLPZOPM@ UIFOZ PBMZGOF MFMEPZCECPS (EU^)
ULO^UBIP :>??
Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou
Muripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lctm-gocf8 orlufa.homdmr-wof`ouNme.muripo.mu
Uifor tbmrgof mfmetrce piwmr pfolts dmlmrotm mfmetrcecty jy eilvmrtcld eilemltrotm` sifor mlmrdy clti
bmot, wbceb cs eilvmrtm` ti mfmetrcecty cl o eilvmltcilof tbmrgof piwmr pfolt. Pbm twi gohir eilempts
usm` ti`oy orm ^orojifce Priudb piwmr pfolts ol` ^iwmr Piwmrs. Itbmr eilempts, clefu`cld tbm @csb
@mscdl wctb o Utcrfcld mldclm, orm ul`mr `mvmfipgmlt, jut si aor li eiggmrecof pfolt bos jmml
rmofcsm`.
Oatmr girm tbol ?= ymors, tbm acrst lmw gohir eopoectcms ia Eilemltrotm` Uifor Pbmrgof Mfmetrcecty^folts eogm ilfclm wctb Lmvo`o Ilm (10 GT?=, ]UO) ol` tbm ^U ?> pfolt (?? GT, Upocl) cl tbm
acrst bofa ia :>>4. Cl Upocl, tbm Ziyof @mermm 11?/:>>4 `otm` :=tb ia Goreb :>>4 cs o gohir `rcvcld
airem air tbm eurrmlt EU^ pfolt eilstruetcils ol` tbm ogjctcius mxpolscil pfols. Pbm duoroltmm` amm`-
cl torcaa cs >.:13 ₦/kTb air := ymors (tbm prmvcius Z@ 051/:>>0 bo` o acx ot >.:?= ₦/kTb). Cl
Livmgjmr :>>3 ol olluof eop ia =>> GT air lmw clstoffotcils wos acxm` air :>?> ti :>?5 [?W.
Ot tbm ml` ia Holuory :>?? EU^ pfolts wctb o eugufotcvm eopoecty ia ojiut 45> GT wmrm cl
eiggmrecof ipmrotcil cl Upocl wctb ojiut =2% ia tbm wirf`wc`m eopoecty ia ?.:1 DT. O``ctcilof 232
GT orm eurrmltfy ul`mr eilstruetcil ol` olitbmr 20: GT bovm ofrmo`y rmdcstmrm` air tbm amm`-cltorcaa jrcldcld tbm titof eopoecty ti ojiut :.= DT jy :>?5. Pbcs eopoecty cs mquof ti 1> pfolts wbceb
orm mfcdcjfm air tbm amm`-cl torcaa.
Cl titof prihmets wctb o titof eopoecty ia ?= DT bovm oppfcm` air cltmreillmetcil. Pbcs cs cl fclm wctb
tbm Muripmol Uifor Cl`ustry Clctcotcvm, wbceb ocgs air o eugufotcvm clstoffm` EU^ eopoecty ia 5> DT
cl Muripm, iut ia wbceb ?3 DT wiuf` jm cl Upocl [:W. Girm tbol ?>> prihmets orm eurrmltfy cl tbm
pfollcld pbosm; goclfy cl Upocl, Lirtb Oarceo ol` tbm ]UO.
Pbm eurrmlt ovmrodm clvmstgmlt eists air tbm sifor port orm dcvml cl vorcius prihmets ot oriul`
₦ 0/T. @mpml`cld il wbmtbmr tbm pfolt bos o joekup cl tbm airg ia o aisscf acrm` dos turjclm ol`/ir otbmrgof stirodm tbm prihmet eists eol clermosm up ti ₦ ?0/T.
Pojfm ? ti 0 sbiw tbm EU^ pfolts cl ipmrotcil ol` tbism ul`mr eilstruetcil wbceb orm sebm`ufm` ti
jmeigm ipmrotcilof jmtwmml liw ol` :>?5. Ca tbm olliulem` sebm`ufms orm kmpt, tbm eurrmlt clstoffm`
eopoecty ia ojiut ?.= DT sbiuf` girm tbol trcpfm ti 0.4 DT cl :>?5.
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]UO Upocl Oustrofco
Oju @ojc Pulmsco Girieei
Ofdmrco Mdypt Hir`ol
Csromf Ebclo Uiutb Oarceo
Acdurm ?8 Clstoffm` ol` pfollm` Eilemltrotm` Uifor Pbmrgof Mfmetrcecty folts [5,0,=W
Pojfm ?8 Fcst ia pfolts cl eiggmrecof ipmrotcil [5, 0, =W
Logm ia ^rihmet ol` Eilsirtcug PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort iaipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
UMDU(Gihovm @mssmrt, EO, ]UO)
porojifcetriudbs 5=0 ?320 -?33> l.o.
Uoduori Uifor Aoecfcty, Orczilo ujfceUmrvcem(Zm` Ziek, OX, ]UO)
porojifcetriudbs ? :>>1 l.o.
Lmvo`o Uifor Ilm, Oeecilo/@ukm Mlmrdy(Jiuf`mr Ecty, LQ, ]UO)
porojifcetriudbs 10 :>>4 $ :11 gcffcil
Uiføeor ^fotairg ― ^U ?>Ojmldio; (Uolføeor fo Goyir, Upocl) tiwmr ?? :>>4 l.o.
Ol`osif ?; Uifor Gcffmlcug(Duo`cx, Upocl)
porojifcetriudbs => :>>2 ₦ 5>> gcffcil
KcgjmrfcloOusro; (Jokmrsacmf`, EO, ]UO) armslmf rmafmetirs = :>>2 l.o.
Fc``mf iwmr Utotcil(Fokm Fc``mf, Oustrofco) armslmf rmafmetirs : :>>2 l.o.
Ol`osif :Uifor Gcffmlcug; (Duo`cx, Upocl)
porojifcetriudbs => :>>3 ₦ 5>> gcffcil
Uiføeor ^fotairg ― ^U :>Ojmldio; (Uolføeor fo Goyir, Upocl) tiwmr :> :>>3 l.o.
^umrtiffoli ?Cjmr`rifo; (Ecu`o` Zmof, Upocl)
porojifcetriudbs => :>>3 l.o.
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Logm ia ^rihmet ol` Eilsirtcug PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort iaipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
Ofvoro`i C; Oeecilo(Ofvor`oi, Jo`ohiz, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs => :>>3 ₦ :51 gcffcil
Ucmrro Uul Piwmr mUifor; (Foleostmr, EO, ]UO)
tiwmr = :>>3 l.o.
^umrti Mrro`i ?, Livotme Uifor (Eofosporro, Upocl) armslmf rmafmetir ?.0 :>>3 l.o.
Kmobifm Uifor iwmr (Bowocc, BC, ]UO) porojifce triudbs : :>>3 l.o.
Ubcroz sifor piwmr pfolt, Crol porojifce triudbs >.:= :>>3 l.o.
Gorceipo Uifor, LPZ (^bimlcx, OX, ]UO) `csb stcrfcld ?.= :>?> l.o.
Mxtrmsif ? & :; OEU-Eijro-Driup/UiforGcffmlcug OD (Pirrm `m Gcdumf, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4.=b stirodm
?>> :>?>Mxtrmsif ?,
₦ 5>> gcffcil
Uiføeor ^fotairg ― Uiflivo ? ,5; 0,Ojmldio/Uebitt Uifor (Uolføeor fo Goyir,Upocl)
porojifce triudbs ?=> :>?>Uiflivo ? & 5, ₦ 0>> gcffcil
Orebcgm`ms, Ucecfy, Ctofy
Dos, Uifor +
stirodm = sifor :>?> ₦ 0> gcffcilFo Afirc`o, Zmlivojfms UOGEO (Jo`ohiz,Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4.=b stirodm
=> :>?> l.o.
Bossc-Z'gmf C; Ofdãrco(Uilortroeb/Ojmlmr)
Uifor Eigjclm`Eyefm
?=> titof,5= sifor
:>?> ₦ 5:> gcffcil
Ocl-Jml-Gotbor, Girieei(Ojmldio/ILM)
Uifor Eigjclm`Eyefm
04> titof,5= sifor
:>?> ₦ 013 gcffcil
Soz` Uifor Pbmrgof iwmr folt, CrolUifor Eigjclm`
Eyefm014 titof?4 sifor
:>?> l.o.
^ofgo `m Zci CC, Oeecilo (^ofgo `mf Zçi,
Upocl) porojifce triudbs => :>?> ₦ :=? gcffcil
Goho`ms C, Oeecilo (Goho`os `m Pcãtor,Upocl)
porojifce triudbs => :>?> ₦ :54 gcffcil
Gortcl Lmxt Dmlmrotcil Uifor Mlmrdy Emltmr,A^F (Cl`coltiwl, AF, ]UO)
CUEE 4= sifor :>?> $ 02> gcffcil
Fo @mbmso, Zmlivojfms UOGEO (FoDorrivcffo, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4.=b stirodm
=> :>?? l.o.
Fmjrcho-?, Uifmf/Uoeyr (Fmjrcho, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs => :>?? $ 0>> gcffcil
Golebosif ? & :, OEU/Eijro Driup (Ofeozor
`m Uol Huol, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs
+ 4.=b stirodm?>> :>?? l.o.
Kuroygot; Cjmr`rifo/Gctsuc/Uifor Gcffmlcug;(Kuroygot, Mdypt)
Uifor Eigjclm`Eyefm
?=> titof,:= sifor
:>??sifor port8
0,35= $/kT.
Dmgosifor, Pmrrmsif Mlmrdy(Aumltms `m Ol`ofueço, Umvcffm, Upocl)
Uifor tiwmr wctbgiftml soft
stirodm
:>(1,=>>b/o
:>?? ₦ :0> gcffcil
^ofgo `m Zci C, Oeecilo/Gctsujcsbc Eirp.(Eir`ijo, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs => :>?? ₦ :0> gcffcil
Bmfcimlmrdy ? Ojmldio (Ãecho, Uopcl) porojifce triudbs => :>?? ₦ :4= gcffcil.
Pitof (Oprcf :>??) ?,=43.?=
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Pojfm :8 Fcst ia prihmets eurrmltfy ul`mr eilstruetcil wctb prihmetm` ipmrotcil :>??[5, 0, =W
Logm ia ^rihmet PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort ia eilstruetcilol`/ir ipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
Ol`osif 5; Uifor GcffmlcugOD (Upocl)
porojifce triudbs;sifor (3>%) + dos+ tbmrgof stirodm =>
eilstruetcil :>>3,Ipmrotcil :>??
₦ 5>>gcffcil
Qoffm ? & :; Pirrmsifor (UolHism `m Qoffm, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4b stirodm ?>>
Eilstruetcil :>>3ipmrotcil :>??
₦ 11>gcffcil
Bmfcimlmrdy :Ojmldio (Ãecho, Uopcl) porojifce triudbs =>
eilstruetcil :>>3ipmrotcil :>??
₦ :4=gcffcil
Mf Zmjisi CC, Jidorcs (Fo^umjfo `mf Zçi, Upocl) porojifce triudbs =>
Eilstruetcil :>>3ipmrotcil :>??
₦ ::>gcffcil
Qcetirvcffm :Qietirvcffm, EO (]UO)
dos acrm` + porojifcetriudbs
==5 titofwctb
=> sifor ipmrotcil :>??$ 0=>
gcffcil
Pitof 5>>
Pojfm 58 Fcst ia prihmets eurrmltfy ul`mr eilstruetcil wctb prihmetm` ipmrotcil :>?:[5, 0, =W
Logm ia ^rihmet PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort ia eilstruetcilol`/ir ipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
Mf Zmjisi CCC, Jidorcs (Fo^umjfo `mf Zçi, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ ??1 GTb stirodm =>
Eilstruetcil :>?>ipmrotcil :>?:
₦ ::>gcffcil
Mxtrmsif :; OEU-Eijro-Driup(Pirrm `m Gcdumf, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4.=b stirodm =>
Eilstruetcil :>>3ipmrotcil :>?:
₦ 5>>gcffcil
Mxtrmsif 5; OEU-Eijro-Driup(Pirrm `m Gcdumf, Upocl)
porojifce triudbs+ 4.=b stirodm =>
Eilstruetcil :>>3ipmrotcil :>?:
₦ 5>>gcffcil
Uifojml ?& :(Fidrisol, Upocl) porojifce triudbs ?>>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?:
< ₦ =>>gcffcil
Fo Oarceolo(^ofgo m Zci, Upocl) porojifce triudbs =>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o.
Mf Eorpci(Eir`ijo, Upocl) porojifce triudbs =>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o.
Ofpclm Uul Piwmr, mUifor
(Foleostmr, EO, ]UO) tiwmr 3: Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o. Lmw Gmxcei UulPiwmr, LZDMlmrdy/ mUifor (Uolto
Pmrmso, LG, ]UO) tiwmr 3: Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o.
Ubogs ?(Go`clot Xoym`, ]OM) porojifce triudb ?>>
Eilstruetcil :>?>Ipmrotcil :>?:
$ 1>>gcffcil
Logm ia ^rihmet PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort ia eilstruetcilol`/ir ipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
^umrti Mrro`i :(Eofosporro, Upocl) armslmf 5>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o.
Dosemf
(Foleostmr, EO, ]UO) tiwmr :0=
Eilstruetcil :>??
Ipmrotcil :>?: l.o.
Pitof 3>3
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:=
Pojfm 08 Fcst ia prihmets eurrmltfy ul`mr eilstruetcil wctb prihmetm` ipmrotcil :>?:[5, 0, =W
Logm ia ^rihmet PmeblifidyEopoecty[GTmfW
Utort ia eilstruetcilol`/ir ipmrotcil
ClvmstgmltQifugm
Ermsemlt @ulms(LQ, ]UO) tiwmr + ?>b stirodm ??>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?5 l.o.
Zcem Uifor Mlmrdy ^rihmet(Zcvmrsc`m, EO, ]UO) tiwmr + stirodm ?=>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?5 l.o.
Jfytbm(EO, ]UO) porojifce triudb 0 Ô :=>
Eilstruetcil :>?>Ipmrotcil :>?5 $ 1 jcffcil
Ojmldio Gihovm rihmet(Borpmr @ry Fokm, EO, ]UO) porojifce triudbs :=>
Eilstruetcil :>?>Ipmrotcil :>?5 l.o.
Uifolo, Ojmldio Uifor, DcfoJml`, OX (]UO)
porojifce triudbs +1b stirodm :2>
Eilstruetcil :>??Ipmrotcil :>?5 $ : jcffcil.
Cvolpob ?, : & 5,Cvolpob Uifor, UolJmrlor`cli, EO (]UO)
sifor tiwmr + dos-acrm` stort-up jicfmr
?>>?>>:>> Ipmrotcil :>?5 l.o.
Pitof :,?3>
Cl @memgjmr :>>3 tbm Tirf` Jolk's Efmol Pmeblifidy Aul` (EPA) Prust Aul` Eiggcttmm
ml`irsm` o EP@ rmsiurem mlvmfipm air prihmets ol` pridroggms cl acvm eiultrcms cl tbm Gc``fm Most
ol` Lirtb Oarceo ti cgpfmgmlt EU^ [1W. Pbm ju`dmt mlvmfipm pripisms EPA ei-aclolecld ia $ 4=>
gcffcil (₦ 1>> gcffcil?0), wbceb sbiuf gijcfczm ol o``ctcilof $ 0.2= jcffcil (₦ 5.22 jcffcil) arig itbmr
siurems ol` bmfp ti clstoff girm tbol ?.? DT ia EU^ jy :>:>.
Os o aiffiw up ti tbcs clctcotcvm, tbm Tirf` Jolk eiggcsscilm` ol` pujfcsbm` o rmpirt cl morfy :>??ojiut tbm Fieof Goluaoeturcld ^itmltcof cl tbm GMLO rmdcil [4W. Pbm rmpirt eilefu`ms8 GMLO eiuf`
jmeigm bigm ti o lmw cl`ustry wctb drmot pitmltcof cl o rmdcil wctb eilsc`mrojfm sifor mlmrdy
rmsiurems. Ca tbm EU^ gorkmt clermosms ropc`fy cl tbm lmxt amw ymors, tbm rmdcil eiuf` jmlmact arig
scdlcaceolt hij ol` wmoftb ermotcil, os wmff os arig mliudb piwmr suppfy ti sotcsay tbm driwcld
`mgol`, wbcfm tbm wirf`‒s rmlmwojfm mlmrdy smetir wiuf` jmlmact arig clermosm` eigpmtctcil ol`
fiwmr eists cl EU^ mqucpgmlt goluaoeturcld .
Tctbcl hust o amw ymors, tbm EU^ cl`ustry bos driwl arig lmdfcdcjfm oetcvcty ti ivmr 0 DTm mctbmr
eiggcsscilm` ir ul`mr eilstruetcil. Girm tbol tml `caamrmlt eigpolcms orm liw oetcvm cl jucf`cld ir prmporcld air eiggmrecof-seofm pfolts, eigporm` ti pmrbops ilfy twi ir tbrmm tbot wmrm cl o pisctcil ti
`mvmfip ol` jucf` o eiggmrecof-seofm pfolt o amw ymors odi. Pbmsm eigpolcms roldm arig fordm
irdolczotcils wctb cltmrlotcilof eilstruetcil ol` prihmet golodmgmlt mxpmrtcsm wbi bovm oequcrm`
rcdbts ti spmecace tmeblifidcms, ti stort-ups josm` il tbmcr iwl tmeblifidy `mvmfipm` cl biusm. Cl
o``ctcil, gohir rmlmwojfm mlmrdy cl`mpml`mlt piwmr pri`uemrs sueb os Oeecilo, ol` utcfctcms sueb os
Cjmr`rifo ol` Afirc`o ^iwmr & Fcdbt (AF^) orm gokcld pfoys tbriudb vorcius gmebolcsgs air o rifm cl
tbm gorkmt.
?0 Mxeboldm rotm ? ₦ 7 ?.:= $
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Pbm suppfy ebocl cs lit fcgctm` jy row gotmrcofs, jmeousm tbm gohircty ia rmqucrm` gotmrcofs orm
dfoss, stmmf/ofugclug, ol` eilermtm. Ot prmsmlt, mvoeuotm` tujms air triudb pfolts eol jm pri`uem` ot o
suaacecmlt rotm ti smrvcem smvmrof bul`rm` GT/yr. Biwmvmr, mxpol`m` eopoecty eol jm cltri`uem` aocrfy
rmo`cfy tbriudb lmw aoetircms wctb ol ?2-giltb fmo` tcgm.
Cgpirtolt!Pbm ogiult ia `mfcvmrm` mfmetrcecty ia o sifor tbmrgof piwmr pfolt strildfy `mpml`s il wbmtbmr ir lit tbm pfoltbos o tbmrgof stirodm ol`/ir o aisscf ― dmlmroffy dos ― joek-up. Pbm sifor aroetcil ia mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil clsiutbmrl Upocl ol` tbm prihmets cl Eofcairlco ol` Lmvo`o orm mxpmetm` ti jm jmtwmml :>>> ol` :?>> KTbolluoffy pmr kT clstoffm` eopoecty.
Zmamrmlems
[?W JIFMPÇL IACECOF @MF MUPO@I, Løg. :25 Gortms :0 m livcmgjrm `m :>>3 Ume. CCC. ïd.33202
[:W Muripmol Uifor Pbmrgof Mfmetrcecty Ossiecotcil (MUPMFO), :>>3, O Muripmol Uifor Cl`ustry
Clctcotcvm Eiltrcjutcld ti tbm Muripmol Eiggcsscil ‗Utrotmdce Mlmrdy Pmeblifidy ^fol‗,bttp8//www.mstmfosifor.mu/
[5W LZMF Eilemltrotcld Uifor iwmr ^rihmet Fcstbttp8//www.lrmf.div/esp/siforpoems/
[0W Uifor Mlmrdy Cl`ustry Ossiecotcil rihmet Fcstbttp8//www.smco.ird/doffmrcms/p`a/Gohir%:>Uifor%:>^rihmets.p`a
[=W Eigpoly wmj-sctms ol` tbmcr rmspmetcvm prmss rmfmosms os wmff os iwl clvmstcdotcils.[1W Pbm Tirf` Jolk, Efcgotm Clvmstgmlt Aul , Efmol Pmeblifidy Clvmstgmlt ^fol airEilemltrotm` Uifor ^iwmr cl tbm Gc``fm Most ol` Lirtb Oarceo Zmdcil, :>>3bttp8//www.efcgotmclvmstgmltaul`s.ird/eca/sctms/efcgotmclvmstgmltaul s.ird/acfms/gloYespYeta
YclvmstgmltYpfolYk`Y?:>2>3.p`a bttp8//www.efcgotmclvmstgmltaul`s.ird/eca/sctms/efcgotmclvmstgmltaul`s.ird/acfms/EPAYGMLO:-:=-?>.p`a
[4W Pbm Tirf` Jolk, Holuory :>??, Gc``fm Most ol` Lirtb Oarceo Zmdcil ― Ossmssgmlt ia tbm
Fieof Goluaoeturcld ^itmltcof air Eilemltrotm` Uifor ^iwmr (EU^) ^rihmets
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Pmeblceof Ollmx8
Priudb Uystmgs
Pbm sul's mlmrdy cs eilemltrotm` jy porojifceoffy eurvm`, triudb-sbopm` rmafmetirs ilti o rmemcvmr pcpm rullcldofild tbm aieof pfolm ia tbm eurvm` suraoem. Pbcs mlmrdy bmots icf ir olitbmr gm`cug afiwcld tbriudb tbm pcpmol` tbm bmot mlmrdy cs tbml usm` ti dmlmrotm mfmetrcecty cl o eilvmltcilof stmog dmlmrotir.
^iwmr Piwmr Uystmgs
Pbm sul's mlmrdy cs eilemltrotm` jy o acmf` ia bul`rm`s ir mvml tbiusol`s ia gcrrirs eoffm` bmfcistots ilti ormemcvmr il tip ia o tiwmr. Pbcs mlmrdy bmots giftml soft afiwcld tbriudb tbm rmemcvmr ol` tbm soft's bmot mlmrdycs tbml usm` ti dmlmrotm mfmetrcecty cl o eilvmltcilof stmog dmlmrotir. Pbm giftml soft rmtocls bmot maacecmltfy, sict eol jm stirm` air biurs ir mvml `oys jmairm jmcld usm` ti dmlmrotm mfmetrcecty.
@csb/Mldclm Uystmgs
O `csb/mldclm systmg cs o stol`-ofilm ulct eigpism` prcgorcfy ia o eiffmetir, o rmemcvmr ol` ol mldclm. Pbmsul's mlmrdy cs eiffmetm` ol` eilemltrotm` jy o `csb-sbopm` suraoem ilti o rmemcvmr tbot ojsirjs tbm mlmrdy ol`trolsamrs ct ti tbm mldclm's wirkcld afuc`. Pbm mldclm eilvmrts tbm bmot ti gmebolceof piwmr cl o gollmr scgcforti eilvmltcilof mldclms‐tbot cs, jy eigprmsscld tbm wirkcld afuc` wbml ct cs eif`, bmotcld tbm eigprmssm`wirkcld afuc`, ol` tbml mxpol`cld ct tbriudb o turjclm ir wctb o pcstil ti pri`uem wirk. Pbm gmebolceof piwmrcs eilvmrtm` ti mfmetrceof piwmr jy ol mfmetrce dmlmrotir ir oftmrlotir.
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:>?? ULO^UBIP IL M]ZI^MOL ^BIPIQIFPOCEU
AZIG O TIZF@ TC@M ^MZU^MEPCQM
Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou
Muripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lctm-gocf 8 orlufa.homdmr-wof`ouNme.muripo.mu
^ri`uetcil `oto air tbm dfijof emff pri`uetcil?= cl :>?> vory jmtwmml ?2 DT ol` :4 DT. Pbmscdlcaceolt ulemrtoclty cl tbm `oto air :>?> cs `um ti tbm bcdbfy eigpmtctcvm gorkmt mlvcrilgmlt, oswmff os tbm aoet tbot sigm eigpolcms rmpirt sbcpgmlt acdurms, itbmrs rmpirt sofms ol` odocl itbmrsrmpirt pri`uetcil acdurms. Cl o``ctcil, tbm `caaceuft meiligce eil`ctcils ol` clermosm` eigpmtctcil fm`ti o `mermosm` wcffcldlmss ti rmpirt eilac`mltcof eigpoly `oto. Pbm ymor wos eboroetmrcsm` jy o jiigcl tbm acrst bofa ia :>?> `um ti tbm lil-sebm`ufm` eut ia tbm amm`-cl torcaas cl Dmrgoly il ? Hufy :>?>ol` ol clermoscld jucf` up ia sifor emff goluaoeturcld eopoectcms tbriudbiut :>?>.
Pbm prmsmltm` `oto, eiffmetm` arig vorcius eigpolcms ol` eiffmodums wmrm eigporm` ti vorcius`oto siurems ol` tbus fm` ti ol mstcgotm ia :0.? DT (Acd. ?), rmprmsmltcld o `iujfcld ia pri`uetcileigporm` ti :>>3.
>
=>>>
?>>>>
?=>>>
:>>>>
:=>>>
O l l u o f ^ Q ^ r i ` u e t c i
l [ G T W
:>>> :>>? :>>: :>>5 :>>0 :>>= :>>1 :>>4 :>>2 :>>3 :>?>
Zmst ia Tirf`
]lctm` Utotms
Pocwol
^Z Ebclo
Muripm
Hopol
Acdurm ?8 Tirf`-wc m Q ri`uetcil arig :>>> ti :>?>@oto Uiurem8 ^Q Lmws [?W, ^bitil Cltmrlotcilof [:W ol` iwl olofyscs
Uclem :>>>, titof ^Q pri`uetcil clermosm` ofgist jy twi ir`mrs ia godlctu`m, wctb olluof driwtbrotms jmtwmml 0>% ol` 3>%. Pbm gist ropc` driwtb cl olluof pri`uetcil ivmr tbm fost acvm ymors wos
?=
Uifor emff pri`uetcil eopoectcms gmol8
- Cl tbm eosm ia woamr scfceil josm` sifor emffs ilfy tbm emffs- Cl tbm eosm ia tbcl-acfgs, tbm eigpfmtm cltmdrotm` gi`ufm- Ilfy tbism eigpolcms wbceb oetuoffy pri`uem tbm oetcvm ecreuct (sifor emff) orm eiultm`- Eigpolcms wbceb purebosm tbmsm ecreucts ol gokm emffs orm lit eiultm .
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5>
ijsmrvm` cl Osco, wbmrm Ebclo ol` Pocwol tidmtbmr liw oeeiult air ofgist 1>% ia wirf`-wc`m pri`uetcil.
Pbm olliulem` auturm pri`uetcil eopoectcms ― josm` il o survmy ia girm tbol 5>> eigpolcmswirf`wc`m ― clermosm` `mspctm `caaceuft meiligce eil`ctcils. @mspctm tbm aoet tbot o scdlcaceolt lugjmria pfoymrs olliulem` o seofm joek ir eolemffotcil ia tbmcr mxpolscil pfols air tbm tcgm jmcld, tbmlugjmr ia lmw mltrolts clti tbm acmf`, litojfy fordm smgceil`uetir ir mlmrdy rmfotm` eigpolcmsivmreigpmlsotm` tbcs. Ot fmost il popmr tbm mxpmetm` pri`uetcil eopoectcms orm clermoscld. Ilfy
pujfcsbm` olliulemgmlts ia tbm rmspmetcvm eigpolcms ol` li tbcr` siurem clairgotcil wos usm`. Pbmeut-iaa `otm ia tbm usm` clairgotcil wos Oudust :>??.
Ct cs cgpirtolt ti litm tbot pri`uetcil eopoecty olliulemgmlts orm iatml josm` il `caamrmltipmrotcilof ossugptcils, si aoetirs sueb os lugjmr ia sbcats, ipmrotcld biurs pmr ymor, mte goy lit jmeilscstmlt. Cl o``ctcil, tbmsm olliulemgmlts `i lit ofwoys spmecay wbml tbm eopoecty wcff jm auffyipmrotcilof. Ct ofsi bos ti jm eilsc`mrm` tbot o) lit off eigpolcms olliulem tbmcr eopoecty clermosms clo`volem ol` j) cl tcgms ia aclolecof tcdbtmlcld, olliulemgmlts ia seofm joeks ia mxpolscil pfols ormiatml `mfoym` cl ir`mr lit ti upsmt aclolecof gorkmts. Pbmrmairm tbm eopoecty acdurms hust dcvm o trml`
jut `i lit rmprmsmlt tbm aclof lugjmrs.Ca off tbmsm ogjctcius pfols eol jm rmofcsm` jy :>?=, Ebclo wcff bovm ojiut 04.5% ia tbm wirf`-wc`m
pri`uetcil eopoecty ia ?>= DT, aiffiwm` jy Pocwol (?=.:%), Muripm (3.>%) ol` Hopol (1.4%)(Acd. :) [5, 0W.
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Acdurm :8 Tirf -wc`m ^Q pri`uetcil wctb auturm pfollm` pri`uetcil eopoecty clermosms
Pbmsm ogjctcius prihmetcils ti mxpol` pri`uetcil ot sueb o ropc` poem `mpml` il tbm mxpmetotcilstbot tbm gorkmts wcff driw oeeir`cldfy. ^rm`cetcils air tbm :>?? ^Q gorkmt vory arig ?4.5 DT jy tbm
Lovcdolt Eilsuftcld eilsmrvotcvm semlorci [=W ti ?3.1 DT jy Goequorcm [1W ol` :0.3 DT jy cUuppfc[4W, wctb o eilsmlsus vofum cl tbm ?2 ti ?3 DT roldm. Cl o``ctcil, gist gorkmts orm stcff `mpml`mlt il
pujfce suppirt cl tbm airg ia amm`-cl torcaas, clvmstgmlt sujsc`cms ir tox-jrmoks.
Toamr-josm` scfceil sifor emffs orm stcff tbm gocl tmeblifidy ol` bo` girm tbol 2>% gorkmt sborm cl:>?>. Ia tbmsm, pifyerystoffclm sifor emffs stcff `igclotm tbm gorkmt (0= ti =>%) mvml ca tbmcr sborm bos
jmml sfiwfy `mermoscld sclem :>>5.
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Pbm prmvcius tcdbt scfceil suppfy sctuotcil rmvmrsm` `um ti gosscvm pri`uetcil mxpolscils, os wmffos tbm meiligce sctuotcil. Pbcs fm` ti o prcem `mermosm arig tbm :>>2 pmok ia oriul` =>> $/kd ti ojiut=>―== $/kd ot tbm ml` ia :>>3, wctb o sfcdbt upwor s tml`mley tbriudbiut :>?> ol` morfy :>??.
Air :>?>, ojiut ?0>,>>> gmtrce tils ia sifor dro`m scfceil pri`uetcil wmrm rmpirtm`, suaacecmlt airoriul` :> DT, ul`mr tbm ossugptcil ia ol ovmrodm gotmrcofs lmm` ia 4 d/Tp [2W. Ebclo pri`uem`ojiut 0=,>>> gmtrce tils, ir 5:%, eopojfm ia suppfycld ojiut 4=% ia tbm `igmstce `mgol` [3W.Oeeir`cld ti tbm Umgc ^Q Driup Zio`gop, tbm Ebclmsm pri`uetcil eopoecty rism ti 2=,>>> gmtrcetils ia pifyscfceil cl :>?>.
Cl Holuory :>??, tbm Ebclmsm Gclcstry ia Cl`ustry ol` Clairgotcil Pmeblifidy tcdbtmlm` tbm rufmsair pifyscfceil aoetircms. Lmw aoetircms gust jm ojfm ti pri`uem girm tbol 5,>>> gmtrce tils ia
pifyscfceil o ymor ol` gmmt emrtocl maacecmley, mlvcrilgmltof ol` aclolecld stol`or`s. Pbm goxcgugmfmetrcecty usm cs 2> kTb/kd ia pifyscfceil pri`uem` o ymor, ol` tbot lugjmr wcff `rip ti 1> kTb ottbm ml` ia :>??. Mxcstcld pfolts tbot eilsugm girm tbol :>> kTb/kd ia pifyscfceil pri`uem` ot tbmml` ia :>?? wcff jm sbut `iwl.
^rihmetm` scfceil pri`uetcil eopoectcms ovocfojfm air sifor cl :>?: vory jmtwmml :=>,>>> gmtrce tils[?>W ol` 0?>,11= gmtrce tils [??W. Pbm pisscjfm sifor emff pri`uetcil wcff cl o` ctcil `mpml` il tbmgotmrcof usm pmr Tp. Gotmrcof eilsugptcil eiuf` `mermosm arig tbm eurrmlt 4 ti 2 d/Tp `iwl ti = ti1 d/Tp, jut tbcs gcdbt lit jm oebcmvm` jy off goluaoeturmrs.
Girm tbol :>> eigpolcms orm clvifvm` cl tbcl-acfg sifor emff oetcvctcms, roldcld arig josce Z&@oetcvctcms ti gohir goluaoeturcld oetcvctcms ol` ivmr ?:> ia tbmg bovm olliulem` tbm stort ir clermosmia pri`uetcil. Pbm acrst ?>> GT tbcl-acfg aoetircms jmeogm ipmrotcilof cl :>>4, aiffiwm` jy tbm acrst? DT aoetiry cl :>?>. Ca off mxpolscil pfols orm rmofcsm` cl tcgm, tbcl-acfg pri`uetcil eopoecty eiuf`
jm ?4 DT, ir :?% ia tbm titof 25 DT, cl :>?: ol` :4 DT, ir :1%, cl :>?= ia o titof ia ?>= DT (Acd.5).
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Pbcl Acfgs
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^ri`uetcil
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Acd. 58 :>?> pri`uetcil ol` pfollm` ^Q ^ri`uetcil eopoectcms ia Pbcl-Acfg ol` ErystoffclmUcfceil josm` sifor gi`ufms.
Ilm sbiuf` jmor cl gcl` tbot ilfy ilm tbcr` ia tbm ivmr ?:> eigpolcms, wctb olliulem` pri`uetcil pfols, bovm pri`uem` tbcl-acfg gi`ufms ia ?> GT ir girm cl :>?>.
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Girm tbol 4> eigpolcms orm scfceil-josm` ol` usm mctbmr ogirpbius scfceil ir ologirpbius/gcerierystoffclm scfceil strueturm. 51 eigpolcms olliulem` uscld Eu(Cl,Do)(Um,U): osojsirjmr gotmrcof air tbmcr tbcl-acfg sifor gi`ufms, wbmrmos lclm eigpolcms usm E`Pm ol` mcdbteigpolcms di air `ym ol` itbmr gotmrcofs.
Eilemltrotcld ^bitiviftoces (E^Q) cs ol mgmrdcld tmeblifidy wbceb cs driwcld ot o vmry bcdb poem, oftbiudb arig o fiw stortcld piclt. Ojiut => eigpolcms orm oetcvm cl tbm acmf` ia E^Q`mvmfipgmlt ol` ofgist 1>% ia tbmg wmrm aiul`m` cl tbm fost acvm ymors. Ivmr bofa ia tbm eigpolcmsorm fieotm` mctbmr cl tbm ]lctm` Utotms ia Ogmrceo (prcgorcfy cl Eofcairlco) ol` Muripm (prcgorcfy clUpocl).
Tctbcl E^Q tbmrm cs o `caamrmltcotcil oeeir`cld ti tbm eilemltrotcil aoetirs?1 ol` wbmtbmr tbmsystmg usms o `csb (@csb E^Q) ir fmlsms (Fmls E^Q). Pbm gocl ports ia o E^Q systmg orm tbm emffs,tbm iptceof mfmgmlts ol` tbm troekcld `mvcems. Pbm rmemlt driwtb cl E^Q cs josm` il scdlcaceoltcgprivmgmlts cl off ia tbmsm ormos, os wmff os tbm systmg cltmdrotcil. Biwmvmr, ct sbiuf` jm picltm` iuttbot E^Q cs hust ot tbm jmdcllcld ia ol cl`ustry fmorlcld eurvm, wctb o eilsc`mrojfm pitmltcof airtmeblceof ol` eist cgprivmgmlts. Pbm gist eboffmldcld tosk cs ti jmeigm eist-eigpmtctcvm wctb itbmr
^Q tmeblifidcms qucekfy mliudb cl ir`mr ti usm tbm wcl`iw ia ippirtulctcms air driwtb.Tctb gorkmt mstcgotms air :>?> cl tbm = ti ?> GT roldm, tbm gorkmt sborm ia E^Q cs stcff sgoff, jut
olofysts airmeost ol clermosm ti girm tbol ?,>>> GT dfijoffy jy :>?=. Ot tbm gigmlt, tbm E^Q pcpmfclm cs `igclotm` jy hust tbrmm systmg goluaoeturmrs8 Eilemltrcx Uifor, Ogilcx, ol` UifAieus.
Cl :>?> tbm wirf`-wc`m pbitiviftoce gorkmt girm tbol `iujfm`, `rcvml jy gohir clermosms clMuripm. Air :>?> tbm gorkmt vifugm ia lmwfy clstoffm` sifor pbitiviftoce mfmetrcecty systmgs vorcms
jmtwmml ?4 ol` ?3 DT, `mpml`cld il tbm rmpirtcld eilsuftolecms ol` iur vofum cs ot tbm fiwmr ml`wctb ?4.= DT (Acd. 0). Pbcs rmprmsmlts gistfy tbm drc`-eillmetm` pbitiviftoce gorkmt. Pi wbot mxtmlttbm iaa-drc` ol` eilsugmr pri`uet gorkmts orm clefu`m` cs lit efmor, jut ct cs jmfcmvm` tbot o sujstoltcof
port ia tbmsm gorkmts orm lit oeeiultm` air, os ct cs vmry `caaceuft ti troek tbmg. O eilsmrvotcvm mstcgotmcs tbot tbmy oeeiult air opprix. 0>> ti 2>> GT (opprix. ?-:>> GT iaa-drc` rurof, opprix. ?-:>> GTeiggulceotcil/scdlofs, opprix. ?>> GT iaa-drc` eiggmrecof ol` opprix. ?-:>> GT eilsugmr
pri`uets).
?1 Bcdb eilemltrotcil < 5>> suls (BE^Q), gm`cug eilemltrotcil = 6 x 6 5>> suls (GE^Q), fiw eilemltrotcil 6 =suls (FE^Q).
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O l l u o f ^ b i t i v i f t o c e C l s t o f f o t c i l s [ G T p W
:>>> :>>? :>>: :>>5 :>>0 :>>= :>>1 :>>4 :>>2 :>>3 :>?>
Zmst ia MuripmCtofyUpoclDmrgolyZmst ia Tirf`
Ebclo]lctm` UtotmsHopol
Acdurm 08 Olluof pbitiviftoce clstoffotcils arig :>>> ti :>?>(`oto siurem8 M^CO [?:W, Murijsmrvmr [?5W ol` iwl olofyscs)
Tctb o eugufotcvm clstoffm` eopoecty ia ivmr :3 DT, tbm Muripmol ]lcil cs fmo`cld cl ^Qclstoffotcils wctb o fcttfm girm tbol 4>% ia tbm titof wirf`-wc m 53 DT ia sifor pbitiviftocemfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil eopoecty ot tbm ml` ia :>?>.
Ot tbm jmdcllcld ia Umptmgjmr :>??, tbm eugufotcvm clstoffm` eopoecty cl Ctofy mxemm`m` ?> DT ol`
tbm titof eugufotcvm eopoecty cl Muripm wos mstcgotm` ti bovm mxemm`m` 0> DT [?0, ?=W.
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Zmst ia Muripm
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]lctm` Utotms
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Acdurm = Eugufotcvm bitiviftoce Clstoffotcils arig :>>> ti :>?>(`oto siurem8 M^CO [?:W, Murijsmrvmr [?5W ol` iwl olofyscs)
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Cgpirtolt!?) Pbm olliulem` pri`uetcil eopoecty clermosms bovm quctm o bcdb `mdrmm ia ulemrtoclty `um ti tbm
aoet tbot sigm eigpolcms quitm goxcgug eopoecty (0 sbcats 51= `oys/ymor) wbcfm itbmrs usmeopoecty ul`mr rmof ipmrotcil eil`ctcils. Ofsi tbm tcgm wbml tbm lmw fclms oetuoffy stortipmrotcld eol jm quctm `caamrmlt, wctb sigm eigpolcms rmamrrcld ti `otm clstoffotcil ol` itbmrsti wbml tbmy orm auffy ipmrotcilof.
:) ^ri`uetcil iutput ia tbm olliulem` pri`uetcil eopoecty `mpml`s o fit il tbm ovocfojcfcty ia rowgotmrcof. Lit off eigpolcms bovm smeurm` tbmcr row gotmrcof air tbm olliulem` mxpolscils ymt.Pbcs gcdbt fmo` ti fiwmr eopoecty ti pri`uetcil rotcis ir `mfoys cl tbm oetuof stort up.
5) Il ovmrodm, ?,>>> GT ia Q systmgs pri`uem ? PTb ia mfmetrcecty olluoffy.
Zmamrmlems8
[?W ^Q Lmws, :>??, pujfcsbm` jy Drmmltmeb Gm`co, CUUL >453-02:3[:W ^bitil Cltmrlotcilof, Goreb :>??[5W Eigpoly Tmj-sctms ol` rmss Zmfmosms[0W @oto rmemcvm` arig Eigpolcms `urcld pmrsilof vcscts.[=W ^oufo Gclts, Dfijof ^Q @mgol` :>?? ol` Jmyil` , Tmjclor8 Qitm Uifor, Holuory ?:, :>??[1W Gmreig, Gorkmt Cltmffcdmlem Zmpirt, 0 Oprcf :>??[4W cUuppfy, Q mrspmetcvms, Amjruory :>??[2W CECU lmws, O sco pifyscfceil prcems ti acrg cl :>?? il sifor `mgol`, ?5 Holuory :>??[3W Umgc ^Q Driup, Umgc Ebclo o`vcsiry Eiggcttmm ol` Ebclo ^QCl`ustry Offcolem (E^CO),
Ebclo's Uifor Auturm ― O Zmeiggml`m` Ebclo ^Q ^ifcey Zio`gop :.>, Oprcf :>??[?>W Hibollms Jmrlrmutbmr ol` Arolk Boudwctz, Pbm Tbi's Tbi ia Ucfceil ^ri`uetcil, :>?>[??W Isogu Ckkc, ^Q Oetcvctcms cl Hopol, Qifugm ?4. Li =, Goy :>??[?:W Muripmol ^bitiviftoce Cl`ustry Ossiecotcil, Dfijof Gorkmt Iutfiik air ^bitiviftoces ultcf
:>?=, :>??[?5W ^bitiviftoce Mlmrdy Jorigmtmr, Uystâgms Uifocrms, fm hiurlof `u pbitiviftocqum li = ― :>??,
Oprcf :>??, CUUL >:3=-=245[?0W Dmstirm Umrvcec Mlmrdmtcec, ^rmss Zmfmosm, 2 Umptmgjmr :>??[?=W GMZEIG Eopctof Driup, Gorkmt Cltmffcdmlem Zmpirt, ?: Umptmgjmr :>??
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5=
ULO^UBIP IL M]ZI^MOL UIFOZ BMOP :>??
H.H. Jfimg, P. Buf`Muripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lct
m-gocf8 bols.jfimgNhre.me.muripo.mu
Uifor tbmrgofOatmr tbm cgprmsscvm driwtb `mvmfipgmlts air tbm ymor :>>2 tbm sifor tbmrgof gorkmt cl Muripm
`mermosm` cl :>?>, ilem odocl jy ?5% (cl :>>3 jy ?>%) os rmpirtm` jy tbm Muripmol Uifor PbmrgofCl`ustry Am`mrotcil (MUPCA www.mstca.ird). Biwmvmr, tbmsm acdurms cl ceotm tbot tbm ivmroff clstoffm`eopoecty ia sifor tbmrgof cs stcff driwcld ol` rmgocls o scdlcaceolt meiligce stcgufotir.
Pbcs tcgm tbm cl`ustrcof gorkmt `oto eol jm put osc`m ia acdurms rmpirtm` jy tbm M] divmrlgmlts cltbm Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fols (LZMO^) ol` tbm tordmt acdurms air :>:>. Uigmeiultrcms cl ceotm ogjctcius driwtb acdurms ultcf :>:>.
Pbm titof gorkmt air dfozm` eiffmetirs cl tbm :4 M] Gmgjmr Utotms clermosm` wctb :.= DTtb ia lmweopoecty (5,= gcffcil g: ia eiffmetir ormo). Pbm titof eopoecty cl ipmrotcil ot tbm ml` ia :>?> rmoebm`:5,= DTtb (55.= gcffcil g: ia eiffmetir ormo). Pbm vorcius lotcilof gorkmts `mvmfipm` quctm `caamrmltfyarig ilm olitbmr. Pbm Dmrgol ol` Oustrcol gorkmt driwtb bos `mermosm` scdlcaceoltfy wbcfm tbm`mgol` air sifor tbmrgof tmeblifidy clermosm` strildfy cl sgoffmr gorkmts ofsi, sueb os EzmebZmpujfce, Ufivokco ol` ]lctm` Kcld`ig.
Olluof gorkmt `oto cs ovocfojfm arig Lotcilof Mlmrdy Odmlecms ol` eiffmetm` jy MUPCA?4. M] prihmets bovm jmml suppirtcld tbm `mvmfipgmlt ia rmfcojfm `otojosms air sifor tbmrgof eiffmetirs [1W.]suoffy clairgotcil cs ovocfojfm cl g: ol` kTtb (kcfiwott tbmrgof) ol` mlmrdy pri`uem` jy typm iaeiffmetir (dfozm`, uldfozm` & voeuug) arig tbm Gmgjmr Utotms. Pbm Cltmrlotcilof Mlmrdy Odmley'sUifor Bmotcld & Eiifcld ^ridroggm, tidmtbmr wctb MUPCA ol` itbmr gohir sifor tbmrgof tro`m
ossiecotcils bovm `mec`m` ti pujfcsb stotcstces cl kTtb ol` bovm odrmm` ti usm o aoetir ia >.4 kTtb/g: tieilvmrt squorm gmtmrs ia eiffmetir ormo clti kTtb.
Ot prmsmlt tbm eofeufotcil ia pri`uem` mlmrdy arig sifor tbmrgof clstoffotcils cs stu`cm` jy smvmrofirdolcsotcils. O pripisof cs prmsmltm` cl tbcs eboptmr.
Pmeblifidy ol` Oppfceotcil
Uifor tbmrgof systmgs cl tbm jucft mlvcrilgmlt orm usm` air8
• @igmstce Bit Totmr systmgs (@BT), jmcld tbm gohir oppfceotcil.
• Upoem Bmotcld, goclfy cl Lirtbmrl Muripm
• Upoem Eiifcld cl tbm Gm`ctmrrolmol ormo oftbiudb ot gordclof fmvmf
Pbm oppfcm` sifor tbmrgof tmeblifidy eol jm `cstclducsbm` cl8
• Afot dfozm` tbmrgi-scpbil systmgs ia ojiut :-5 g: eol jm aiul` gistfy cl Uiutbmrl Muripm.
• Afot dfozm` airem` ecreufotcil systmgs ia ojiut :-1 g: cs clstoffm` cl Gc - ol` LirtbmrlMuripm.
• Mvoeuotm` Pujm Eiffmetirs wbceb bovm ojiut ?=% bcdbmr maacecmley cl siutb Muripm ol`ojiut 5>% cl lirtbmrl Muripm tbol tbm afot pfotm eiffmetir.
• ]ldfozm` eiffmetirs.
?4Eipyrcdbt air acdurms ol` tojfms :>?> © Muripmol Uifor Pbmrgof Cl`ustry Am`mrotcil (MUPCA) Zum `'Orfil 15-14 - J-
?>0> Jruxmffms.
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Mvoeuotm` Pujm Eiffmetirs tiik ojiut ?>% ia tbm titof eiffmetir sofms cl :>?> ol` kmmpt tbm trml`wctb tbm afot pfotm eiffmetir gorkmt. Jy aor, gist ia tbm systmgs orm usm` air @igmstce Bit Totmr(3>%). ]ldfozm` eiffmetirs tokm ojiut 0% ia tbm gorkmt.
Itbmr oppfceotcils orm spoem bmotcld (cl ofgist off eosms tbmsm orm eigjclm` systmgs) ol` piifwotmr bmotcld (gistfy jy uldfozm` eiffmetirs). Eiifcld osscstm` sifor tbmrgof privc`ms cl dmlmrof fiwtmgpmroturm bmot ol` cl o``ctcil eiuf` osscst ti eiifcld [4W. Pbm tmeblifidy cs ilfy cl cts stortcld pbosm
ol` gcdbt acrst jmeigm meiligce amoscjfm air tbm tmrtcory jucf`cld smetir. Cl sigm eiultrcms sifortbmrgof tmeblifidy bos jmeigm ol ijfcdotcil air eilstruetcil ia lmw jucf`clds.
MurIjsmrvMZ [:W ol` MUPCA rmpirt [5W `oto tbot `caamr sfcdbtfy air :>?> sifor tbmrgof eopoectygoclfy ti `caamrmlems cl sigm acdurms arig lotcilof `otojosms. Pbm `caamrmlem cs ofsi portcoffy `um titbm clefuscil ia uldfozm` eiffmetirs jy MurIjsmrvMZ. Pbm acdurms prmsmltm` jy MUPCA orm tbm fotmstovocfojfm clairgotcil ot tbm ml` ia Goy :>??.
Acdurm ?. Gorkmt sborm cl :>?>. Acdurm :. M] Uifor Pbmrgof Eopoecty
Acdurm 5. Gorkmt mvmfipgmlt. Acdurm 0. M] Uifor Pbmrgof Gorkmt
Pojfm ?. Gorkmt `oto :>?> privc`m` jy MUPCA ol` mfojirotm` jy HZE.
Pitofclstoffm`eopoecty lmw dfozm` eopoecty g:
Eboldm:>>3-:>?> :>?>
LZMO^tordmt:>:>
:>?> g: :>>2 :>>3 :>?> [%W g:/?>>> g:/?>>>Jmfdcug 5:2?02 1::>> =>4>> 525>? -:0.= :?.= 5>1.0Jufdorco* ?>=5>> :==>> 2>>> 20>> - 3.1 0=.:Ezmeb Zmpujfce 5>2541 5=>>> =?113 21>>> 11.0 :>.2 50.3@mlgork =:=?01 55>>> =0=>> =2?>> 1.1 14.? 02.>Dmrgoly ?52:0>>> :?>>>>> ?1?=>>> ??=>>>> -:2.2 ??4.4 :03.?Mstilco* :3:> =>> 0=> =>> - ?.= >.>Crmfol` ?5?023 051?> 5:::? :03?2 -::.4 :>.3 40.2Drmmem 0>20:>> :32>>> :>1>>> :?0>>> 5.3 :=0.3 =:>.2Upocl :?>1211 055>>> 53?>>> 5512>> -?5.3 5:.1 :50.>Arolem ?=453>> 5?5>>> :1=>>> :=1>>> -5.0 ?4.2 :01.0Ctofy :14?45> =>>>>> 04=>>> 03>>>> 5.: 5?.0 054.1
Eyprus 4?=>:: 1>>>> 504>3 5>4?5 -??.= 150.0 ?22=.3Fotvco* ?30> :?> ?2> :>> - >.1 ?0.5Fctbuolco* :0>> 5>> :>> :>> - >.= 05.4
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Fuxmgjurd* 5?1>> 51>> 04>> 0=>> - 0=.4 :40.4Buldory ?032?0 5:>>> ::>>> :?>>> -0.= ?>.0 ?50.5Gofto* 0=21> 1>>> ==>> =>>> - 42.5 ??>.4 Lmtbmrfol`s 004=3= :=>>> 0=:1> 0>250 -3.2 ?3.? :5.>Oustrco 5251=>3 5044>5 5=1?11 :43232 -:?.0 5::.5 =5?.>^ifol` 1==23> ?:315: ?005>2 ?0=3>1 ?.? ?:.> :?2.0^irtudof 14:134 212:> ?4541: ?2::4? 0.3 00.5 :04.3
Zigolco* ?>04>> 2>>> ?03>> ?==>> - 5.0 >.>Ufivmlco ?4=5>> ?1>>> ::>>> ?3>>> -?5.1 1>.1 ?4>.5Ufivokco ?:?4=> ?5=>> ?5=>> ?=>>> ??.? ?=.2 3?.0Aclfol`* 5:3:5 0?>> 0>>> 1>>> - 0.5 >.>Uwm`ml 5:545= :12?5 :?5>3 :>133 -:.3 :0.4 ?>.2]lctm` Kcld`ig =45::> 2?>>> 23?>> ?>=:>> ?2.? 1.1 3.?M]-:4 55==5>:3 0120022 0?>??50 5==030> -?5.5
Litms8Eiultrcms gorkm` wctb ol * orm MUPCA mstcgotcils ol` orm tbmrmairm lit suaacecmlt ti smt o pmremltodm vorcotcil cl tbm gorkmt.
Pitof clstoffm` eopoecty (cl ipmrotcil) rmamrs ti tbm sifor tbmrgof eopoecty jucft cl tbm post ol``mmgm` ti stcff jm cl usm. O pri`uet fcam ia :> ymors cs ossugm` jy MUPCA air off systmgs clstoffm` sclem
?33>. Gist pri`uets ti`oy wiuf` fost eilsc`mrojfy fildmr, jut tbmy iatml emosm ti jm usm` morfcmr, m.d. jmeousm tbm jucf`cld cs `mgifcsbm`, ir tbm usm ia tbm jucf`cld bos eboldm`.
Pbm titof clstoffm` eopoecty cl 5 eiultrcms, Dmrgoly, Oustrco, ol` Drmmem oeeiult air 10% ia tbmtitof M]-:4 clstoffm` eopoecty. Cl :>?>, tbm tip acvm eiultrcms oeeiultm` air ofgist 2>% ia tbm titofM]-:4 clstoffm` eopoecty (Dmrgoly, Oustrco, Drmmem, Upocl ol` Ctofy).
Tbml ct eilemrls tbm olluof driwtb, Drmmem rmgocls ot tbm scxtb pfoem. Arig tbm jcd M] eiultrcms,tbm ]lctm` Kcld`ig ol` ^ifol` orm lit ymt smml ogildst tbm tip sifor tbmrgof gorkmts. @mspctm tbmcrstrild driwtb cl rmemlt ymors, tbm gorkmt cl Arolem ol` Ctofy cs stcff ul`mr 5> kTtb pmr ?.>>> eopcto,wbcfm M] ovmrodm cs oriul` => kTtb. Arig tbm aost driwcld gorkmts, Ufivmlco ol` @mlgork bovm hustsurpossm` tbm M] ovmrodm.
Pbm sifor tbmrgof gorkmt `mvmfipgmlt gcdbt stcff jm bogpmrm` jy tbm cgpoet ia tbm aclolecof ol`meiligce ercscs.
Eigporm Uifor Pbmrgof mlmrdy `oto
CMO>2, MUPCA>3, MUPCA?>, LZMO^?>
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DTb(tb) CMO :>>2 stotcstces
MUPCA :>>3 gorkmt `oto uscld HZE sifor ycmf`
LZMO^ G.U. oto :>?>
MUPCA :>?> gorkmt `oto uscld HZE sifor ycmf`
Acdurm =. O dropbceof rmprmsmltotcil ia sifor tbmrgof mlmrdy cl Muripmol G.U.
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Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fols
@oto il pri`uem` sifor tbmrgof mlmrdy arig off Gmgjmr Utotms bovm jmeigm ovocfojfm tbriudb tbm LZMO^. Ofsi tordmts bovm jmml rmpirtm` air :>:>. Uigm Gmgjmr Utotms cl`ceotm ogjctcius pfols airsifor tbmrgof, fckm Ctofy, Arolem ol` ^ifol`. Pbm LZMO^ :>?> `oto air sifor tbmrgof mlmrdy pri`uem`cl tbm M]-:4 sbiws o acdurm ia ?1.4 PTb(tb) wbceb cs sfcdbtfy bcdbmr tbol tbm acdurm ia ?1.5 PTb(tb)os bos jmml eofeufotm` jy HZE arig tbm sifor ycmf` ol` tbm MUPCA gorkmt `oto. Umm ofsi acdurm =.
Uifor Pbmrgof Eopoecty cl g: pmr ?>>> clbojctolts
>
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JM JD EX @K @M MM CM DZ MU AZ CP ES FQ FP F] B] GF LF OP ^F ^P ZI UF UK AC UM ]K
MUPCA gorkmt acdurms :>?>
LZMO^ tordmt acdurms :>:>
g:
Acdurm 1. Uifor tbmrgof eopoecty cl g:
/?>>> clbojctolts
Pbm pitmltcof cl M] bos jmml stu`cm` jy ZMUPGOE [3W ofild tbrmm semlorcis. Pbm OG@ semlorci(olluof driwtb arig :>>1 ilwor`s, ia ?=%) cl`ceotms o sifor tbmrgof eiltrcjutcil ia :.0% ia tbm :>%tordmt air Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy cl :>:>, eirrmspil`cld ti =3 PTb. Pbm prmsmltm` LZMO^ tordmt `oto airtbm sifor tbmrgof sborm dcvms 45 PTb (ojiut :>% bcdbmr) goclfy `um ti ogjctcius driwtbs cl Ctofy,Arolem ol` ^ifol` jmsc`m tbm eiltclucld driwtb cl Dmrgoly ol` Upocl.
Uifor Pbmrgof Eopoecty ol` Mlmrdy
Bmot `igclotms mlmrdy ml` usm. Cl portceufor tbm oppfceotcil ia sifor tbmrgof clstoffotcils cl tbm jucf`cld smetir goy eiltrcjutm ti o rm`uetcil ia DBD mgcsscil. Mgpcrceof `oto arig aclof mlmrdyeilsugptcil sbiws tbot bmot tokms ojiut bofa ia tbm titof eilsugptcil.
Pojfm :. Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil. @oto Uiurem8 Muristot `oto - mfojirotm` HZE.
Aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil
sborm [%W
Mfmetrcecty :>Bmot 02
Aumf air trolspirt 5:
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Pbm MUPCA urdm` tbm Muripmol Eiggcsscil (@me :>>3) ti clefu`m tbm rmlmwojfm bmotcld ol`eiifcld smetir cl tbm UMP- fol. Os bmot oeeiults air lmorfy =>% ia Muripm–s ivmroff mlmrdy `mgol`,gohir clvmstgmlts orm lmm`m` cl rmlmwojfm bmotcld ol` eiifcld tmeblifidcms ti gmmt tbm :>-:>-:>tordmts, ti smeurm mlmrdy suppfy cl Muripm ol` ti scdlcaceoltfy rm`uem EI: mgcsscils.
@mspctm cts rmfmvolt sborm cl tbm titof bmot `mgol`, tbm `igmstce bit wotmr eilsugptcil rmgocls olulkliwl aoetir, os li rmemlt ol` rmfcojfm survmy rmdor`cld tbcs eilsugptcil mxcsts. O `mtocfm`
ossmssgmlt ia tbcs porogmtmr ot lotcilof ol` Muripmol fmvmf wiuf` eiltrcjutm ti o jmttmr ul`mrstol`cldia tbm bmot gorkmt.
Acdurm 48 Smorfy dfijof crro`cotcil ot iptcgof clefclotcil air sifor mlmrdy oppfceotcils.
Uifor ycmf` air dfozm` afot pfotm sifor eiffmetir clstoffotcils.
Ilm ia tbm gohir ulemrtocltcms eigms arig tbm aoet tbot tbm pri`uem` mlmrdy cs lit gmosurm` ol`eofeufotcil cs josm` il mgpcrceof gmtbi`ifidy. Pi bovm ol cl`ceotcil ia tbm mlmrdy pri`uem` jy sifortbmrgof clstoffotcils ct cs cgpirtolt ti bovm `oto ia sifor crro`cotcil. Pbm acdurm (josm` il HZE `oto;Zma [0 ol` =W) ojivm dcvms ol cgprmsscil ia o ? g: clefclm` polmf ot 0=¸ wbcfm oppfycld o eilvmrscilia >.4 kT/g:. Pbcs acdurm bos ti jm eilsc`mrm` os o goxcgug maacecmlt acdurm ia tbm clstoffm` systmgol` `ims lit clefu`m o fio`. Ol ossugptcil air o fio` eol jm go`m ia >.4 wbceb gcdbt jrcld tbm siforycmf` ti opprixcgotmfy >.=/g: air o dcvml efcgotm pisctcil cl Muripm.
Litm tbot riudbfy o aoetir ia : eol jm oppfcm` wbml Lirtbmrl Muripm cs eigporm` wctb tbmGm`ctmrrolmol ormo. Cl proetcsm tbcs gmols tbot o biusm-iwlmr cl Ueol`clovco wcff lmm` twcem girm g:ia sifor eiffmetirs tbol cl Uiutbmrl Muripm ti pri`uem tbm sogm tbmrgof mlmrdy. O aurtbmr rmgork bos
ti jm go`m eilemrlcld tbm iptcgof clefclotcil jmeousm ia cts `maclctcil os tbm oldfm tbot pri`uems tbmgist mlmrdy ivmr tbm wbifm ymor. Biwmvmr `urcld tbm wcltmr giltbs tbm fiw fmvmf ia sifor ro`cotcil ot
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0>
tbcs clefclotcil cs lit suaacecmlt ti aufacf tbm rmqumst air bit wotmr, ol` tbmrmairm tbm oldfm ia tbm siforeiffmetirs gcdbt jm girm clefclm` air bcdbmr maacecmley cl tbm wcltmr tbol cl tbm suggmr giltbs.
Josm` il tbcs clairgotcil o sifor ycmf` cs `maclm` air moeb G.U. 8
HZE eofeufotcil cs ormo g: * Dipt * >.4 * ycmf`; Dipt cs tokml arig HZE `oto (^QDCU).
Pbmrm orm goly aoetirs tbot clafumlem tbm ulemrtoclty ia tbcs ycmf`, roldcld arig tbm sczm ia tbmeiultry (ovmrodcld ro`cotcil `oto) ultcf aclof mlmrdy eilsugptcil maacecmley (guftc-oportgmlt
jucf`clds). Biwmvmr tbm rmsuft dcvms mstcgotcil wctb o eurrmlt ulemrtoclty fmvmf ia up ti ?=% wbcebeol jm cgprivm . O borgilcsm` ol` fieotcil `mpml`mlt eofeufotcil cs rmqucrm` ti ijtocl girm rmfcojfm`oto air sifor tbmrgof ml -usm mlmrdy eilsugptcil.
Zmamrmlems8
[?W Muripmol Eiggcsscil, Mlmrdy air tbm Auturm8 Zmlmwojfm siurems ia mlmrdy; Tbctm ^opmr air oEiggulcty Utrotmdy ol` Oetcil ^fol, EIG(?334)=33 aclof (:1/??/34)
[:W Uifor Pbmrgof ol` EU^ Jorigmtmr, Uystâgms Uifocrms fm hiurlof `ms ãlmrdcms rmliuvmfojfms L¾:>5 ― :>??, Goy :>??. bttp8//www.murijsmrv-mr.ird/[5W Uifor Pbmrgof Gorkmts cl Muripm :>?>. Muripmol Uifor Pbmrgof Cl`ustry Am`mrotcil
www.mstca.ird/stotcstces/stYgorkmtsYclYmuripmY:>?>/[0W H.H. Jfimg, J. Otoloscu. ‖Zm`uecld mfmetrcecty eilsugptcil air wotmr bmotcld cl tbm `igmstce
smetir‗; ^riemm clds ia tbm MM@OF Eilamrmlem :>>1 :? ― :5 Hulm :>>1 Fil`il.[=W Muripmol Eiggcsscil, @D Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm, ^Q DCU bttp8//rm.hre.me.muripo.mu/pvdcs/[1W M] ―CMM prihmets il `oto eiffmetcil ol` stotcstces; K0-ZMU ol` PbMZZO
bttp8//www.mrme.ird/acfmo`gcl/mrmeY`ies/^rihemtY@ieugmlts/K0YZMU-B/UiforYPbmrgofYtojfms.p`a ol` bttp8//www.tbmrro.clai/
[4W Cltmrlotcilof Mlmrdy Odmley, Uifor Bmotcld & Eiifcld ridroggmwww.cmo-sbe.ird/tosk:1/cl`mx.btgf[2W bttp8//me.muripo.mu/mlmrdy/rmlmwojfms/trolspormleyYpfotairg/oetcilYpfolYml.btg[3W ^itmltcof ia Uifor Pbmrgof cl Muripm. T. Tmcss OMM, Oustrco. ZMUPGOE PZML/>=/A^1ML
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:>?? ULO^UBIP IL M]ZI^MOL TCL@ MLMZDS
Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ouMuripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lct
m-gocf8 orlufa.homdmr-wof`ouNme.muripo.mu
Zijmrti Foeof OroltmducMuripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Mlmrdy Uystmg Mvofuotcil ]lct
m-gocf8 Zijmrti.foeof-oroltmducNme.muripo.mu
Cl :>?>, 53.0 DT [?W ia lmw wcl` turjclm eopoecty wmrm clstoffm` jrcldcld tbm wirf` wc`m titofclstoffm` wcl` eopoecty ti ofgist :>> DT (Acd. ?). Pbm titof vofum ia lmw dmlmrotcil mqucpgmltclstoffm` cl :>?> cs mstcgotm` ti jm ojiut ₦ 0> jcffcil [:W. Ebclo givm` ti tbm acrst pfoem (00.4 DT),aiffiwm` jy tbm ]lctm` Utotms (0>.: DT), Dmrgoly (:4.: DT), Upocl (:>.4 DT) ol` Cl`co (?5.?DT). Tctb ofgist ?3 DT ia lmw clstoffotcils, Ebclo bo` ojiut =>% gorkmt sborm ia lmwclstoffotcils. Pbm titof clstoffm` wcl` eopoecty ot tbm ml` ia :>?> eol pri`uem ojiut 00> PTb ia
mfmetrcecty ir ojiut :.:% ia tbm dfijof mfmetrcecty `mgol`.Pbm Muripmol ]lcil Gmgjmr Utotms o``m` 3,:=3 GT ol` rmoebm` o titof clstoffm` eopoecty ia
20,>40 GT [5W. Itbmr Muripmol eiultrcms ol` Purkmy o``m` 1:0 GT, jrcldcld tbm titof wcl`clstoffotcils cl Muripm ol` Purkmy ti 21,>4= GT.
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Ucx eiultrcms o``m` eopoectcms ia girm tbol ? DT cl :>?>8 Ebclo (?2.3 DT), ]lctm` Utotms (=.?DT), Cl`co (:.? DT), Dmrgoly (?,==? GT), Upocl (?,=:4 GT) ol` Arolem (?,>21 GT). Olitbmracvm eiultrcms o``m` =>> GT ir girm8 ]lctm` Kcld`ig (31: GT) Ctofy (3=> GT), Eolo`o
(13> GT), Uwm`ml (1>0 GT), Zigolco (=44 GT) ol` Purkmy (=:2 GT).
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Oatmr ol ofgist mvml `cstrcjutcil ia gorkmt sborms ogildst Muripm, Lirtb Ogmrceo ol` Osco cl:>>3, Osco `igclotm` tbm clstoffotcils wctb ofgist =0% cl :>?>, wbmrmos tbm Lirtb Ogmrceol sbormsborpfy `mefclm` ti ?=% fmovcld Muripm wctb :=%.
Cl :>?>, tbm Muripmol ]lcil's wcl` eopoecty drmw jy ?:.: %, wmff jmfiw tbm dfijof ovmrodm ia:0.2%. Pbm titof eopoecty ia 20 DT cs mquof ti ?>% ia tbm titof Muripmol mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcileopoecty ol` cs eopojfm ti pri`uem ojiut ?2= PTb ia mfmetrcecty ir riudbfy 1% ia tbm Muripmol
mfmetrcecty eilsugptcil. Pbm Dmrgol ol` Upolcsb gorkmts moeb stcff rmprmsmlt ?1% ia tbm M] gorkmt, jut Arolem (?:%), tbm ]lctm` Kcld`ig (?>%) ol` Ctofy (?>%) orm eotebcld up.
Pbm dmlmrof trml` sbiws tbot tbm wcl` mlmrdy smetir cs jrio`mlcld cts gorkmt josm ol` girm ol`girm eiultrcms orm clermoscld tbm clstoffotcil ia wcl` mlmrdy eopoectcms. Cl :>?> o titof ia 25 eiultrcmsusm` wcl` mlmrdy il o eiggmrecof joscs ol` => iut ia tbmg clermosm` tbmcr clstoffotcils cl tbot ymor.Pbm Muripmol gorkmt oeeiultm` air ojiut :=% ia tbm titof lmw eopoecty, o scdlcaceolt pmremltodm`mermosm arig tbm 4=% cl :>>0.
Cl :>?> iaasbirm wcl` eopoecty clermosm` girm tbol twcem tbm rotm ia ilsbirm clstoffotcils wctb=3.0%. Biwmvmr tbcs bcdb driwtb rotm wos arig o fiw joscs ol` tbm o``m` iaasbirm eopoecty ia ?.?1DT jriudbt tbm titof iaasbirm eopoecty ti 5.? DT ir ?.1% ia tbm titof wcl` eopoecty wirf`wc`m.
Qmstos (@K)
?0.2%
Uclivmf (^ZE)
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DM Tcl` (]UO)
3.1%
Dif`wcl` (^ZE)
3.=%
Mlmreil (@M)
4.:%
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Dogmso (MU)
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Ucmgmls Tcl` (@M)
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Itbmrs
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Acdurm :8 Gorkmt sborms ia goluaoeturmrs :>?> (53.0 DT clstoffotcils) [?W(Pbm titof cs girm tbol ?>>% `um ti tbm `caamrmlem jmtwmml suppfcm` ol` clstoffm`turjclms)
Gorkmt sborms ia goluaoeturmrs pujfcsbm` jy GOKM eilsuftcld ol` JPG Eilsuft sbiwm` tbot@mlgork–s Qmstos eiltclum` ti `maml` cts tip goluaoeturcld pisctcil, aiffiwm` jy Uclivmf ol`Dif`wcl` arig Ebclo ol` DM Tcl` arig tbm ]UO. 0 ia tbm tip ?> wcl` turjclm goluaoeturmrs ormarig tbm ^mipfm's Zmpujfce ia Ebclo ol` tbmrm orm girm tbol ?>> eigpolcms clvifvm` cl wcl`mqucpgmlt goluaoeturcld [?, =, 1, 4W.
Ct sbiuf` jm litm`, tbot tbm twi eilsuftcld eigpolcms `caamr gist cl tbm gorkmt sborm dcvml ti
Qmstos, wbceb cs ?0.2% arig JPG ol` ?:% arig GOKM.
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Ui aor gist ia tbm Ebclmsm wcl` turjclms orm ilfy sif` cl Ebclo, jut o lugjmr ia pfoymrs bovmofrmo`y olliulem` ti mxpol` iutsc`m Ebclo cl tbm auturm portfy jmeousm ia ivmreopoecty ol` acmremeigpmtctcil wctbcl tbm `igmstce gorkmt. Ebclmsm eigpolcms wmrm bcdbfy prmsmlt ot tbm rmemltMuripmol wcl` cl`ustry aocrs ia Busug :>?> ol` MTMO :>??, ol` sigm bovm mvml mstojfcsbm` oMuripmol iaacem, m.d. Uclivmf cl Go`rc`. Ct cs ijvcius, tbot tbm vcscil ia tbm Ebclmsm wcl` turjclmgoluaoeturmrs cs lit fcgctm` ti smff wcl` turjclms ivmrsmos, jut ti mstojfcsb goluaoeturcld strildbif`s
cl tbm jcd gorkmts ol` iaamr wcl` aorg aclolecld ol` ipmrotcil. Pbcs strotmdy cs joekm` jy tbm Ebclmsmdivmrlgmlt cl ir`mr ti oeemfmrotm tbm goturcld ia tbm `igmstce cl`ustry.
@mspctm o rmeir` eopoecty ia 00.4 DT, Ebclo cs stcff aoecld o smvmrm eillmetcil prijfmg. Pbm UtotmDrc` Eiipmrotcil ia Ebclo (UDEE) mstcgotms tbot jy tbm ml` ia :>?>, tbmrm wcff jm wcl` aorgs wctbojiut ?= DT eopoecty lit eillmetm` ti tbm lotcilof drc` [2W. Cl :>?>, eiof oeeiultm` air 14.1% ia tbmeiultry's piwmr, ojiut 5>% bcdbmr tbol tbm wirf` ovmrodm. Tcl` piwmr oeeiultm` air hust ?.?% iaEbclo's mfmetrcecty. Ot tbm ml` ia :>>3 tbm Ebclmsm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Fow arig :>>1 wos ogml`m`ol` tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy tordmt air :>:> wos clermosm` arig tbm prmvcius 3% ti ?=%. Pbm 5> GTwcl` tordmt air :>:>, smt cl :>>1, wos surpossm` cl :>?> ol` tbm Ebclmsm Utotm Drc` Eirpirotcilrmfmosm` o wbctm popmr cl :>?? wbceb stotms8 "Ebclo's oeeiggi`otm` wcl` piwmr wcff mxemm` 3> DTcl :>?= ol` ?=> DT cl :>:>‗ [2W. Olofysts fckm Girdol Utolfmy orm mvml girm ogjctcius ol` prm`cet
tbot Ebclo wcff clermosm cts wcl` piwmr eopoecty ti 5>> DT jy :>:> [4W.Cl :>>3 tbm Muripmol Tcl` Mlmrdy Ossiecotcil (MTMO) clermosm` cts :>:> tordmt arig ?2> DT
clstoffm` eopoecty cl :>:> ti :5> DT clefu`cld 0> DT iaasbirm. Pbcs eugufotcvm clstoffm` eopoectywiuf jm ojfm ti pri`uem sigm 1>> PTb ia mfmetrcecty ir ?0 ti ?2% ia tbm Muripmol ]lcil's mxpmetm`mfmetrcecty `mgol` cl :>:>.
Il o wirf` wc`m seofm, tbm Tirf` Tcl` Mlmrdy Ossiecotcil (TTMO) cs airmeostcld il tbm joscs iatbm eurrmlt driwtb rotms ol` tbm clermosm` rcsk owormlmss ia aisscf aumf suppfy ol` luefmor piwmr pfoltsol clstoffm` wcl` eopoecty ia 1>> DT jy :>?= ol` ?,=>> DT jy :>?>. Oeeir`cld ti tbm TTMO, tbmsmetir privc`m` 14>,>>> `crmet ol` cl`crmet hijs ot tbm ml` ia :>?> ol` bos girm tbol trcpfm` ctsmgpfiygmlt acdurms wctbcl tbm fost acvm ymors. Cl :>?: tbm Ossiecotcil mxpmets tbot tbm wcl` cl`ustry
wcff privc`m girm tbol ? gcffcil hijs wirf` wc`m.
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Cgpirtolt!?) Cl Muripm, tbm pitmltcof olluof ovmrodm mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil ia wcl` turjclms wctb o ligclof
eopoecty ia ?,>>> GT cs :.: PTb. Pbcs gmols tbot tbm eugufotcvm clstoffm` eopoecty cl tbmM]-:4 jy tbm ml` ia :>?> (20 DT) eiuf `mfcvmr ojiut ?2= PTb ia mfmetrcecty cl ol ovmrodmwcl` ymor, riudbfy 1% ia tbm M]-:4 mfmetrcecty eilsugptcil. Biwmvmr, rmof pri`uetcil`mpml s il tbm olluof wcl` eil ctcils ol` eol vory jy ot fmost ¿ ?>%.
Zmamrmlems8
[?W JPG Eilsuft, Tirf` Gorkmt ]p`otm :>?>[:W Tirf` Tcl` Mlmrdy Zmpirt :>?>, Tirf` Tcl` Mlmrdy Ossiecotcil, bttp8//www.wwcl`mo.ird[5W Muripmol Tcl` Ossiecotcil, Tcl` cl piwmr8 :>?> Muripmol stotcstces, bttp8//www.mwmo.ird[0W Dfijof wcl` stotcstces :>?>, Dfijof Tcl` Mlmrdy Eiulecf; bttp8//www.dwme.lmt[=W Zmutmrs, ?= Goreb :>??, Ebclo rcvofs lorriw dop il wcl` fmo`mr Qmstos; Prmvir Ucmvmrt, JPG
Outbir il Tcl`aocr.lmt, :2 Goreb :>??, bttp8//www.wcl`aocr.lmt/prmss/233=.btgf
[1W Ebml Fcgcl ol` Tol Xbcbild, Ebclo's wcl` mlmrdy cl`ustry smms eboffmldms, Ebclo @ocfy, ::Amjruory :>?>, ovocfojfm otbttp8//www.ebclo`ocfy.eig.el/ebclo/:>?>->:/::/eiltmltY302?251.btg
[4W B.K. Projcsb, Tcff Ebclo Pokm Ivmr tbm ].U. Tcl` Gorkmt9, Drmmltmeb Gm`co, 2 Goreb :>??[2W Ebclo @ocfy, ?1 Oprcf :>?? bttp8//www.ebclo`ocfy.eig.el/uso/jusclmss/:>??-
>0/?1/eiltmltY?:552005.btg[3W Utotm Drc` Eirpirotcil ia Ebclo, ^rmss Zmfmosm, :2 Oprcf :>??
bttp8//www.sdee.eig.el/ywfg/gm`coemltmr/eirpirotmlmws/>0/:0=333.sbtgf
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0=
ZMU UPOP]U CL PBM LOPCILOF Z MLMTOJFM OEPCIL ^FOLU
Gorto UzojiMuripmol Eiggcsscil, Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm; Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy ]lct
m-gocf8 gorto.szojiNme.muripo.mu
@crmetcvm :>>3/:2/ME il tbm prigitcil ia tbm usm ia mlmrdy arig rmlmwojfm mlmrdy siurems (ZMU@crmetcvm) lit ilfy smt tbm gol`otiry tordmts air tbm Muripmol ]lcil's Gmgjmr Utotms, jut ofsi `roatm`o trohmetiry il biw ti rmoeb tbm tordmts air moeb ia tbmg ol` rmqucrm` Gmgjmr Utotms (GU) ti o`ipt o
Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Oetcil ^fol (LZMO^), smttcld iut tordmts wctbcl moeb smetir ol` gmosurmsair oebcmvcld tbmg.
Pbm Lotcilof Zmlmwojfm Oetcil ^fols bo` ti jm sujgcttm` ti tbm Muripmol Eiggcsscil jy tbm 5>tb
ia Hulm :>?> uscld o Pmgpfotm mstojfcsbm` cl oeeir`olem wctb Ortcefm 0 ia tbm @crmetcvm, rmqucrcld o jrmok`iwl ia `oto jy smetir ol` siurem.
ZMU gcx cl tbm M]-:4
Pojfm ?8 ZMU jrmok`iwl jy siurem cl tbm M]-:4 arig :>>= ti :>:> cl H
:>>=* :>?> :>?? :>?: :>?5 :>?0 :>?= :>?1 :>?4 :>?2 :>?3 :>:>EODZ:>:>/:>?>
by`ri ??2>.24 ?:>0.43 ?:>5.=5 ?:>2.>3 ?:?5.34 ?::?.>2 ?::=.?> ?::2.3? ?:0>.30 ?:01.3> ?:=0.12 ?:1=.>0 >.=
dmitbmrgof 54.20 03.23 ==.5= 1>.13 14.15 4=.45 25.>0 30.42 ?>1.54 ?:>.50 ?5:.11 ?03.0> ??.1
Uifor titof 5=.>0 ?5:.3> ?25.02 :::.14 :1?.44 5>:.:1 50=.3? 531.>> 002.34 =>4.:> =13.:= 153.:: ?4.>
Uifor mfmetrcecty 1.=4 41.3> ??0.?3 ?0:.12 ?12.:1 ?35.4> :?3.05 :04.>0 :4=.4: 5>=.22 552.:3 545.?3 ?4.?
^Q 1.1> 4:.40 ?>0.0? ?:=.33 ?0=.25 ?11.?1 ?21.44 :>2.?4 :5>.?1 :=:.21 :41.0> 5>?.?> ?=.5
EU^ >.>> 0.?1 3.42 ?1.13 ::.05 :4.=0 5:.11 52.24 0=.=1 =5.>: 1?.23 4:.>3 55.>
Uifor tbmrgof :2.04 =1.>> 13.:3 43.32 35.=? ?>2.=4 ?:1.02 ?02.31 ?45.:= :>?.5: :5>.31 :11.>5 ?1.3gorclm ?.35 ?.2? ?.2? :.>2 :.51 :.4: 5.?: 1.>3 3.5: ?:.== ?1.42 :?.10 :2.:
Tcl` titof :=1.43 =30.:2 121.20 425.00 23?.?: ?>>5.50 ???0.=1 ?:51.>= ?51=.2: ?=>0.>= ?150.24 ?421.>4 ??.1
ilsbirm :0?.0> ==4.>: 150.5: 4>=.>4 44:.>0 20=.1: 3?4.3: 32>.>4 ?>0?.0= ???>.4: ??4>.=? ?:54.44 2.5
iaasbirm 1.30 5>.40 0:.>4 1:.14 34.0? ?5>.20 ?1=.11 :?1.=0 :44.:2 553.41 0>0.1? 025.>2 5?.4
bmot pugp :=.25 ?12.10 ?34.?5 ::1.=3 :03.31 :4=.=: 5>0.0: 552.>? 545.=3 0?0.?3 0==.32 =?>.54 ??.4
jcigoss :0==.0? 5>>:.1: 5?:1.?1 5:=>.20 5534.>0 5=5=.24 512:.00 5201.21 0>:1.0= 0:>2.:> 0050.=> 015=.3= 0.0
jciaumf ?5>.=1 =23.05 154.55 124.21 4>=.21 413.24 2:>.34 242.=2 34=.?: ?>05.:: ??>=.:: ?:05.35 4.2
titof ZMU 0?:0.:4 =400.52 1>3?.15 100:.:= 1423.4> 4?21.52 4=43.=0 2>:=.:2 2=01.=3 3>=1.1= 31>5.30 ?>:53.>> 1.>
* GP ol` B] `c` lit rmpirtm` tbm ZMU dmlmrotcil `oto air :>>=
Zmlmwojfms cl :>?> cl M] :4 (%) Pitof8
=400.52 ^H
?>.5=%
:.30% =:.:4%
?>.:1%
:>.34%
>.24%
:.5?%
>.>5%
by`ri dmitbmrgof sifor gorclm
wcl` bmot pugp jci goss jci aumf
Zml mw ojfms cl :>:> M]:4 cl tbm M]:4 (%)
Pitof8 ?>:53.>> ^H
?4.0:%
0.32%
0=.::%
?:.?5%?:.50%
>.:?%
1.:0%
?.01%
by`ri dmi tbmrgof sifor gorclm
wcl` bmot pugp jcigoss jci aumf
Acdurm ?8 Zmsiurem sborm cl ZMU cl tbm M]-:4 cl :>?> ol` :>:>
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Pbm ZMU dmlmrotcil gcx oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s cl tbm M]-:4 cs prmsmltm` cl ojsifutm ol`rmfotcvm tmrg cl tbm Pojfm ? ol` Acdurm ? arig :>>= ti :>:>.
Pojfm :8 Smorfy driwtb rotm ia mlmrdy pri`uetcil arig rmlmwojfm rmsiurems cl tbm M]-:4% :>?? :>?: :>?5 :>?0 :>?= :>?1 :>?4 :>?2 :>?3 :>:>
by`ri ->.? >.0 >.= >.1 >.5 >.5 ?.> >.= >.1 >.2
Dmitbmrgoftb+m ?>.4 3.= ??.5 ??.3 3.1 ?0.5 ?:.5 ?5.5 ?>.5 ?:.4sifor 52.> :?.5 ?4.= ?=.0 ?0.0 ?0.0 ?5.5 ?:.3 ?:.? ?:.:
mfmetrcecty 02.= :=.> ?4.3 ?=.? ?5.5 ?:.1 ??.1 ?>.3 ?>.1 ?>.5
^Q 05.= :>.4 ?=.4 ?5.3 ?:.0 ??.= ?>.1 3.3 3.5 2.3
EU^ ?50.3 4>.4 50.0 ::.2 ?2.1 ?3.> ?4.: ?1.0 ?1.4 ?1.=
tbmrgof :5.4 ?=.5 ?1.2 ?1.> ?1.0 ?4.4 ?1.: ?1.? ?0.= ?=.>
gorclm >.: ?0.= ?5.1 ?=.: ?0.3 3=.? =5.? 50.1 55.4 :2.3
wcl` ?=.1 ?0.? ?5.4 ?:.1 ??.? ?>.3 ?>.= ?>.? 2.4 3.:
ilsbirm ?5.3 ??.: 3.= 3.= 2.= 1.2 1.5 1.4 =.0 =.4
iaasbirm 51.2 03.> ==.0 50.5 :1.1 5>.4 :2.? ::.= ?3.? ?3.0
bmot pugp ?1.3 ?0.3 ?>.5 ?>.: ?>.= ??.> ?>.= ?>.3 ?>.? ??.3
jcigoss 0.5 5.3 0.4 0.5 0.: 0.1 0.4 0.= =.5 0.0
jciaumf 3.: 4.3 :.1 3.? 1.1 4.> ?>.3 4.> =.3 ??.0
titof ZMU 1.5 =.2 =.= 1.> =.= =.3 1.= 1.> 1.> 1.1
ZMU Mfmetrcecty
Oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO -s, tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty eopoecty cl tbm M]-:4 wcff jm 010>22 GT cl :>:>driwcld arig :53::5.5 GT cl :>?> ol` ?1>:20.4 GT cl :>>=.
Tcl` mlmrdy bos tbm bcdbmst port cl tbm rmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty eopoecty (01 %) jy :>:>, aiffiwm` jyby`ri (:0.: %) ol` sifor (?3.4 %); gorclm ol` dmitbmrgof bos >.= ol` >.5 %.
Dmrgoly cs tbm fmo`cld GU wctb tbm bcdbmst ZMU clstoffm` eopoecty cl mfmetrcecty wctb ??>.3 DTwbceb rmprmsmlts tbm ?5.3 % ia tbm titof ZMU eopoecty jy :>:> cl tbm M]-:4. Upocl, Arolem ol` tbm]K's ZMU clstoffm` eopoecty cs ivmr 0> DT, tbmsm tbrmm eiultrcms wcff eiltrcjutm 5=.0 % ti tbm ZMUmfmetrcecty clstoffm` eopoecty jy :>:> cl tbm M]-:4. Uwm`ml ol` Ctofy wctb ol ogiult bcdbmr tbol :>GT rmprmsmlt ?5.0 %. Pbmsm 1 GU wcff bovm 4:.4 % ia tbm M]-:4's ZMU mfmetrcecty clstoffm` eopoecty
jy :>:>.
Pbm o``ctcilof eopoecty jmtwmml :>>= ol` :>?> (42352.1 GT) wcff ofgist trcpfm ti :2= % jmtwmmltbm ymors :>?> ol` :>:> ti ::0210.4 GT.
Pojfm 58 M]-:4 ZMU mfmetrcecty titof clstoffm` eopoecty lugjmrs cl GT:>>=-:>?> :>?>-:>:>
:>>= :>?> :>:> O``ctcilof Uborm iatbm :>>=
O``ctcilof Uborm iatbm :>?>
?1>:20.4 :53::5.5 010>22 42352.1 03.5 % ::0210.4 30 %
Pbm fmo`cld eiultrcms wctb tbm bcdbmst o``ctciloffy clstoffm` eopoectcms orm Dmrgoly, tbm ]K, Upocl,Arolem ol` Ctofy. Biwmvmr, Uwm`ml cs ogild tbm eiultrcms bovcld rmoebm` cts eopoecty ia clstoffm`ZMU jmtwmml :>>=-:>?>, os tbmrm cs gclir `mvmfipgmlt arig tbm o``ctcilof clstoffotcil (Acdurm :).
Cl tbm lmwfy clstoffm` eopoectcms jmtwmml :>>= ol` :>?> ilsbirm wcl` bo` tbm bcdbmst sborm wctb=:.3 % aiffiwm` jy ^Q :3.= %, jcigoss bos 2.4 %. Jmtwmml :>?> ol` :>:> ilsbirm wcl` bo` 54 %^Q :1.: % iaasbirm wcl` ?4.: %, jcigoss 3.: %. By`ri ol` EU^ bos 5.= ol` :.2 % Gorclm ol`dmitbmrgof rmprmsmlts ilfy >.2 ol` >.0 %.
Oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s, tbm ZMU eiltrcjutcil ti mfmetrcecty cl tbm M]-:4 wcff jm 05:5 ^H (?,:>>PTb), rmprmsmltcld ojiut 55.3 % ia mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl :>:>.
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ZMU mfmetrcecty o``ctcilof eopoecty :>>=-:>?>
-?> > ?> :> 5> 0> => 1>
JM
JD
EX
@K
@M
MM
CM
MF
MU
AZ
CP
ES
FQ
FP
F]
B]
GP
LF
OP
^F
^P
ZI
UC
UK
AC
UM
]K
DT
By`ri Dmitbmrgof Q EU^Pc`m, Tovm Iemol Il sbir m Ia as bi rm Jcigoss
ZMU mfmetrcecty o``ctcilof eopoecty cl :>:> ti :>?>
-?> > ?> :> 5> 0> => 1>
JM
JD
EX
@K
@M
MM
CM
MF
MU
AZ
CP
ES
FQ
FP
F]
B]
GP
LF
OP
^F
^P
ZI
UC
UK
AC
UM
]K
DT
By`ri Dmitbmrgof Q EU^Pc`m, Tovm Iemol Ilsbirm Iaasbirm Jcigoss
Acdurm :8 O``ctcilof ZMU mfmetrcecty eopoecty driwtb jmtwmml :>>=-:>?> ol` :>?>-:>:>
Tcl` mlmrdy wcff bovm tbm bcdbmst eiltrcjutcil cl tbm rmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil (0?.5 %) jy:>:>, aiffiwm` jy by`ri (:3.5 %) ol` jcigoss wctb ?3.0 %. Uifor wcff rmprmsmlt 2.1 %, dmitbmrgof>.3 % ol` gorclm rmsiurem >.= %.
Pojfm 08 Zmsiurem sborm cl ZMU mfmetrcecty cl LZMO^s air M]-:4:>>= :>?> :>:>
ZMU mfmetrcectydmlmrotcil
% ia ZMU
dmlmrotcil% ia
ZMUdmlmrotcil
% ia
cl H cl PTbZMU
mftitofZMU
mfmetrcecty
cl H cl PT bZMU
mftitofZMU
mfmetrcecty
cl H cl PTbZMU
mftitofZMU
mfmetrcecty
By`ri ??2>.24 5:1.33 13.> :2.14 ?>.02 ?:>0.43 555.1? =:.? :>.33 ?>.?: ?:1=.>0 5=>.5> :3.5 ?:.51 3.3:
Dmitbmrgof ?3.42 =.02 ?.: >.02 >.?2 :?.=3 =.32 >.3 >.52 >.?2 53.:4 ?>.24 >.3 >.52 >.5?Uifor mfmetrcecty 1.=4 ?.2: >.0 >.?1 >.>1 41.3> :?.:3 5.5 ?.50 >.1= 545.?3 ?>5.50 2.1 5.10 :.35
^Q 1.1> ?.25 >.0 >.?1 >.>1 4:.40 :>.?0 5.? ?.:4 >.1? 5>?.?> 25.54 4.> :.30 :.51
EU^ >.>> >.>> >.> >.>> >.>> 0.?1 ?.?= >.: >.>4 >.>5 4:.>3 ?3.31 ?.4 >.4> >.=4
Gorclm ?.35 >.=0 >.? >.>= >.>: ?.2? >.=> >.? >.>5 >.>: :?.10 =.33 >.= >.:? >.?4
Tcl` titof :=1.43 4?.?? ?=.> 1.:5 :.:2 =30.:2 ?10.=1 :=.4 ?>.51 0.33 ?421.>4 030.=4 0?.5 ?4.00 ?0.>?
Ilsbirm :0?.0> 11.20 ?0.? =.21 :.?0 ==4.>: ?=0.:0 :0.? 3.4? 0.12 ?:54.44 50:.40 :2.1 ?:.>3 3.4?
Iaasbirm 1.30 ?.3: >.0 >.?4 >.>1 5>.40 2.=? ?.5 >.=0 >.:1 025.>2 ?55.44 ??.: 0.4: 5.43
Jcigoss :0=.>3 14.24 ?0.5 =.3= :.?4 0?5.>: ??0.54 ?4.3 4.:> 5.04 254.45 :5?.34 ?3.0 2.?2 1.=4
Pitof ZMU mf. ?4??.> 045.43 ?>>.> 0?.=0 ?=.?2 :5?:.0 10>.5? ?>>.> 0>.5> ?3.05 05::.3 ??34.>0 ?>>.> 0:.:: 55.3?
titof ZMU 0??3.:: =452.1= ?>:53
titof mfmetrcecty ??:4:.=> ??3>?.2 ?:402.?
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Uiurem sborm cl ZMU mfmetrcecty cl :>?> (%)
titof8 :5?:.0 H
=:.?>%
>.35%
:=.4>%
5.55%>.>2%
?4.21%
By ri Dmitbmrgof Uifor P c m, Tovm Iemol Tcl` Jcigos
Uiurem sborm cl ZMU mfmetrcecty cl :>:> (%)
titof8 05::.3 H
>.3?%
2.15%
>.=>%
0?.5:%
:3.:1%
?3.52%
By ri Dmitbmrgof Uifor Pc`m,Tovm Iemol Tcl` Jcigos
Acdurm 58 ZMU sborm cl mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil cl siurem jrmok `iwl
Dmrgoly cs tbm fmo`cld GU wctb tbm bcdbmst mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil arig ZMU wctb 425,0 ^H wbceb
rmprmsmlts tbm ?2 % ia tbm titof ZMU mfmetrcecty cl tbm M]-:4. Upocl, Arolem ol` tbm ]K's ZMUmfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil cs ivmr 0>> ^H, tbmsm tbrmm eiultrcms eiltrcjutm ofgist 5= % ia tbm ZMUmfmetrcecty cl tbm M]-:4. Uwm`ml ol` Ctofy wctb ol ogiult ia oriul` 5=> H, rmprmsmlt ?1 % ol` : %rmspmetcvmfy. Pbmsm 1 GU privc`m tbm 13 % ia tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty cl tbm M]-:4.
B&E dmlmrotcil
Pojfm =8 Zmsiurem sborm cl ZMU bmotcld ol` eiifcld:>>= :>?> :>:>
ZMU B&Edmlmrotcil
% ia ZMU B&Edmlmrotcil
% ia ZMU B&Edmlmrotcil
% ia
cl ^H ZMUB&E
titofZMU
B&E cl H ZMUB&E
titofZMU
B&E cl H ZMUB&E
titofZMU
B&E
Dmitbmrgof ?2.>1 >.43 >.00 >.>2 :2.5? ?.>> >.03 >.?: ??>.?5 :.5= ?.>2 >.=>
Uifor tbmrgof :2.04 ?.:= >.13 >.?: =1.>> ?.34 >.32 >.:= :11.>5 =.12 :.1> ?.::
Jcigoss ::?>.55 31.25 =5.11 3.=5 :=23.1? 3?.?> 0=.?5 ??.51 5432.:: 2?.>2 54.?> ?4.52
Bmot pugp :=.25 ?.?5 >.15 >.?? ?12.10 =.35 :.30 >.40 =?>.54 ?>.23 0.32 :.55
Pitof ZMU B&E ::2:.4 ?>> ==.0: 3.20 :20:.1 ?>> 03.=5 ?:.04 0120.2 ?>> 0=.4= :?.05
titof ZMU 0??3.:: =452.1= ?>:53
titof B&E :5?21.0 ::435.> :?2=4.2
Uiurem sborm cl ZMU bmotcld ol` eiifcld
cl :>?> (%) titof8 :203.= ^H
3?.?>%
=.35%
?.34%
?.>>%
Dmi tbmrgof Ui for J ci goss8 bmot pugps
Uiurem sborm cl ZMU bmotcld ol` eiifcld
cl :>:> (%) titof8 0124 H
=.12%
?>.23%
2?.>2%:.5=%
Dmi tbmrgof Ui for Jci gos s8 bmot p ugps
Acdurm 08 ZMU sborm cl bmotcld ol` eiifcld cl siurem jrmok `iwl
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Jcigoss cs o gohir eiltrcjutir ti tbm rmlmwojfm bmotcld ol` eiifcld (B&E) (2?.? %) 5,432.4 ^H(3>.= Gtim) aiffiwm` jy ?>.3 % ia bmot pugps, =.4 % ia sifor ol` :.0 % ia dmitbmrgof jy :>:>(Pojfm ). Pbm jcddmst clermosm wos cl sifor dmlmrotcil; cl :>:> ct wcff jm 0.4 aif` girm tbol cl :>?>(054 % arig 1>.2 ^H ti :11 ^H) ol` tbm sborm cl B&E wcff driw arig : % (:>?>). Pbm dmitbmrgofmlmrdy cs 5.2 tcgms girm tbol cl :>?>, tbm sborm clermosm` arig ? % ti :.0 %. Bmot pugp trcpfm`
jmtwmml :>?> ol` :>:>, tbm sborm ofgist `iujfm ; eboldcld arig =.3 ti ?>.3 %.
Arolem cs tbm fmo`cld GU wctb tbm bcdbmst B&E dmlmrotcil arig ZMU wctb 2:3 ^H (ofgist :>>>>ktim) wbceb rmprmsmlts tbm ?4.4 % ia tbm titof ZMU B&E cl tbm M]-:4. Dmrgoly, Uwm`ml ol` Ctofy'sZMU B&E dmlmrotcil cs ivmr 0>> ^H (?>>>> ktim), tbmsm tbrmm eiultrcms eiltrcjutm ofgist 5: % ia tbmZMU B&E cl tbm M]-:4. Aclfol , ]K, ^ifol` ol` Upocl, wctb ol ogiult bcdbmr tbol :>> ^H (=>>>ktim), rmprmsmlt ::.= %. Pbmsm 2 GU wcff privc`m 4: % ia tbm ZMU Bmotcld ol` Eiifcld cl tbm M]-:4
jy :>:>.
ZMU Prolspirt
Pbm `mvmfipgmlt ia tbm ZMU trolspirt oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^-s cl ojsifutm ol` rmfotcvm tmrgs cs
suggorczm` cl Pojfm 1.Pojfm 18 Zmsiurem sborm cl ZMU trolspirt
:>>= :>?> :>:>
ZMUtrolspirt
dmlmrotcil % ia
ZMUtrolspirtdmlmrotci % ia
ZMUtrolspirt
dmlmrotcil % ia
cl ^HZMU
trolspirttitofZMU
trolspirt cl HZMU
trolspirttitofZMU
trolspirt cl HZMU
trolspirttitofZMU
trolspirt
Jcimtbolif/ jci-MPJM ::.?4 ?:.=3 >.=0 >.?2 ?:>.=1 ?2.4: :.?> >.3: 5>1.?= ::.:= :.33 :.50
Jci`cmsmf 33.24 =1.4: :.0? >.43 01> 4?.05 2.>> 5.=> 3>1.04 1=.23 2.20 1.3:
By`ridml arigrmlmwojfms > >.>> >.>> >.>> > >.>> >.>> >.>> >.? >.>? >.>> >.>>
Zmlmwojfmmfmetrcecty 0=.= :=.20 ?.?> >.51 =0.=2 2.04 >.3= >.0? ?5?.22 3.=3 ?.:3 ?.>?
Itbmrs 2.50 0.40 >.:> >.>4 2.21 ?.52 >.?= >.>4 5?.?3 :.:4 >.5> >.:0Pitof ZMUrolspirt ?41.>1 ?>>.>> 0.:= ?.0> 100.>? ?>>.>> ??.:> 0.23 ?54=.2 ?>>.>> ?5.0: ?>.=>
titof ZMU 0??3.:: 0?53.5 =452.1= =4=>.1 ?>:53 ?>:=5.3
Pitof trolspirt ?:=1:.0 ?5?=4.3 ?5?>=
titof ZMUtrolspirto`hustm` ti tbmor mt
?42.5 114.= ?=5:
Uiurem sb orm cl ZMU trolspir t (aclof mlm rdy) M] :4
:>?> (%) titof810= ^H
>%
2%
?%
?3%
4:%
Jcimtbolif/ jci-MPJM Jci`cmsmf
By`ridml arig rmlmwojfms Zmlmwojfm mfmetrcecty
Itbmrs
Uiurem sborm c l ZMU trolspirt (aclof mlmrdy) M] :4
:>:> (%) titof8 ?543.2 H
11%
?>%
:%
>%
::%
Jci mtbolif/ jci-MPJM Jci `cmsmf
By`ridml arig rmlmwojfms Zmlmwojfm mfmetrcectyItbmrs
Acdurm =8 ZMU trolspirt jy siurem jrmok`iwl cl :>?> ol` :>:>
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Pbm titof eiltrcjutcil ia ZMU cl :>:> cl tbm M] wctbiut `iujfm eiultcld wcff jm ?54=.2 ^H (5:.4=4Gtim) os ct cs sbiwl cl tbm Pojfm 1, ol` ?=5: ^H (51.041 Gtim) wctb guftcpfm eiultcld ia mfmetrcectyusm cl rio` trolspirt ol` ortcefm :?.: il jciaumfs. Ivmroff, tbcs wiuf` rmprmsmlt ??.4% ia tbm mlmrdyusm cl tbm trolspirt smetir, ojivm tbm ?>% jcl`cld tordmt.
Tcl`Pbm wcl` rmsiurem (ilsbirm ol` iaasbirm tidmtbmr) trcpfceotms arig tbm ymor :>?> ti :>:> (=30.:2
^H ti ?421.? ^H). Pbm sborm clermosms arig ?>.5 ti ?4.0 % (Acdurm ?).
Pbm bcdbmst wcl` sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> wos arig Crmfol` wctb 01.? %, Gofto wctb0>.: %, Lmtbmrfol`s, ]K, Upocl wctb 52 %, 5:.3 % ol` 5>.= %, rmspmetcvmfy (MF :3.4 %, @M :5.5 %,^P :>.2 %).
Ilsbirm wcl`
Pbm M]-:4 LZMO^s `msercjm` ?10.= DT ilsbirm wcl` mlmrdy pitmltcof cl :>:> (wctb o sborm ia44.? % cl tbm wcl` mlmrdy clstoffm` eopoecty jy :>:>). Pbm rmpirtm` clstoffm` eopoecty `otoeirrmspil`s ol` orm tbm sogm os tbm MTMO bcdb semlorci `oto.
Pbm titof wcl` eopoecty wcff jm :?5.53 DT cl :>:> driwcld arig 20.3 DT cl :>?>. Pbm ilsbirmwcl` eopoecty eboldms arig 2? DT cl :>?> ti ?10.= DT cl :>:>, ol` tbm iaasbirm arig :.=0 DT:>?> ti 0?.5: DT cl :>:>.
Tcl` wcff bovm tbm bcdbmst eopoecty pripirtcil cl tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl :>:> cl Mstilcowctb ofgist 33 % ol` cl Crmfol` wctb 3? %, cl LF, ]K, GP ol` ^F tbm eopoecty wcff bovm o sborm ia40.=, 4:.3, 12.= ol` 10.5 %, rmspmetcvmfy.
Iaasbirm wcl` wcff bovm tbm bcdbmst pripirtcil cl wcl` eopoecty cl GP, ]K, LF wctb 21.4, 01.1ol` 01.5 % cl :>:>, rmspmetcvmfy.
Tcl` bo` tbm bcdbmst eopoecty pripirtcil cl tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl :>?> cl Mstilco wctbofgist 3=.5 %, Eyprus ol` Crmfol` wctb 24.: ol` 24 %, rmspmetcvmfy, wbcfm cl @K, ]K, LF ol` FPwcl` bos o eopoecty sborm ia 44.4, =3.1, =2.1 ol` =:.= %, rmspmetcvmfy.
Iaasbirm wcl` bo` tbm bcdbmst pripirtcil cl wcl` eopoecty cl ]K, ol` @K wctb :=.1 ol` ?2.0 % cl:>?>.
Tcl` ymorfy driwtb rotm eboldm` arig ?=.1 % ti 3.: %. Iaasbirm wcl` wcff bovm tbm smeil`bcdbmst ymorfy driwtb rotm (bcdbmr tbol 5> % tcff :>?1) ultcf :>:> ol` tbm driwtb clermosm ultcf :>?5.
Pbm ilsbirm wcl` mlmrdy rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^-s jy :>:> cs ?:54.2 ^H cl tbm M]-:4, wbceb
rmprmsmlts tbm ?:.? % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. (Acdurm ?).Pbm ilsbirm wcl` dmlmrotcil sborm rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^ wcff rmoeb 4> % ia tbm wcl` mfmetrcecty
jy :>:> ol` tbm sborm ia tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty :2.1 % Acdurm , wctb o ymorfy ovmrodm driwtb ia 2.0 %.
Dmrgoly ol` Upocl prmsmltm` tbm bcdbmst ilsbirm wcl` mlmrdy pri`uetcil jy :>:> (wctb ologiult ia :1:.0 ^H ol` :=0.1 H, ol` rmprmsmlt 0?.2 % ia tbm titof ilsbirm wcl` mfmetrcecty pri`uetcilcl tbm M]-:4. Tctb Arolem ol` ]K (?00.? ^H ol` ?:5.5 ^H) tidmtbmr tbmsm aiur eiultrcms dcvm tbm 15.0% ia tbm ilsbirm wcl` mlmrdy.
Pbm bcdbmst ilsbirm wcl` sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms mfmetrcecty cs cl Crmfol`, Drmmem ol` Mstilcowctb 45.== %, =3.? % ol` =>.3 %. MU, EX, FP, ^F ol` ^P bos 04 %, 0:.= %, 0:.5 %, 0:.5 % ol` 0>.=%.
Pbm bcdbmst ilsbirm wcl` sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> bos Crmfol` wcl` 53.0 %, Drmmem,Upocl ol` ^irtudof bos :2.= %, :4.= % ol` :>.= %
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Pbm iaasbirm wcl` mlmrdy rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^-s jy :>:> cs 025.>2 ^H cl tbm M]-:4, wbcebrmprmsmlts tbm 0.4 % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. (Acdurm ?).
Mstilco, Fotvco ^irtudof Upocl wcff cltri`uem iaasbirm wcl` lit jmairm :>?=, ^ifol` storts hust cl:>:>.
Pbm iaasbirm wcl` dmlmrotcil sborm rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^ wcff rmoeb tbm 5> % ia tbm wcl`mfmetrcecty jy :>:> ol` tbm sborm ia tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty ??.: % (Acdurm 5), wctb o ymorfy ovmrodmdriwtb ia :3.: %.
]K ol` Dmrgoly prmsmltm` tbm bcdbmst iaasbirm wcl` mlmrdy pri`uetcil jy :>:> (wctb ol ogiultia ?=3.5 ^H ol` ??0.40 H), ol` rmprmsmlt =1.4 % ia tbm titof iaasbirm wcl` mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cltbm M]-:4. Tctb Arolem ol` tbm Lmtbmrfol`s (1= ^H ol` 12.4= ^H) tidmtbmr tbmsm aiur eiultrcms dcvmtbm 20.0 % ia tbm iaasbirm wcl` mlmrdy.
Pbm bcdbmst iaasbirm wcl` sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms mfmetrcecty cs cl Gofto, tbm Lmtbmrfol s ol`]K wctb => %, 54.2 % ol` 54.4 %, rmspmetcvmfy. MM ol` @K bo` :3.0 % ol` :=.2 %.
Pbm bcdbmst iaasbirm wcl` sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> ca arig Gofto wctb 50.? %, LF, ]K ol` @K bovm ::.5 %, ?2.=0 % ol` 3.>0 %, rmspmetcvmfy. Pbm jcddmst rmfotcvm eboldm eigporm` ti :>?>cl iaasbirm mlmrdy cs mxpmetm` cl Dmrgoly ol` tbm Lmtbmrfol`s.
Jcigoss
Oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s, usm ia jcigoss mfmetrcecty, bmotcld ol` eiifcld ol` jciaumfs cl trolspirtcs mstcgotm` ot ojiut =,21?.= ^H (?0> Gtim) os aclof mlmrdy cl :>:>, clefu cld jciaumfs wctb ?:05.3 ^H.Jcigoss rmprmsmlts tbm 0=.: % ol` jciaumf tbm ?:.? % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. (Acdurm ?).
Pbm gist cgpirtolt eiltrcjutcil ia jcigoss air mfmetrcecty, bmotcld ol` eiifcld ol` jciaumfs sboff jm cl Dmrgoly wctb ?,54? ^H (5:.2 Gtim), Arolem wctb 344.> ^H (:5.5 Gtim), ]K wctb 150.? ^H (?=.?Gtim), Ctofy wctb =33.1 ^H (?0.5 Gtim) ol` Uwm`ml wctb ==5.> ^H (?5.: Gtim)
Pbm bcdbmst jcigoss sborm (wctbiut tbm jciaumfs) wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> wcff jm arig Fotvco,Fctbuolco, Mstilco, Aclfol` ol` tbm Ezmeb Zmpujfce wctb 44.3 %, 41.0 %, 40 %, 4:.? % ol` 4>.? %,rmspmetcvmfy.
Pbm mxpmetm` jcigoss eilsugptcil ti rmoeb tbm pripism` tordmts cs bcdbmr tbol tbm mstcgotm` jcigoss pitmltcof, air Jmfdcug, @mlgork ol` tbm Lmtbmrfol`s, wbmrm jcigoss cgpirt sbiuf` pfoy olcgpirtolt rifm.
Pbm eiltrcjutcil ti mfmetrcecty go`m jy jcimlmrdy wcff jm 254.4 ^H (:5?,34? DTb) cl :>:>,
rmprmsmltcld ?3.0 % ia ZMU mfmetrcecty. Mfmetrcecty arig jcigoss cs mxpmetm` ti clermosm arig :0=.? ^H(13,>53 DTb) pri`uem` cl :>>= ti 254.45 ^H (:5?,34? DTb) cl :>:>, 5.0 tcgms girm tbol cl :>>=(=3:.15 ^H (?1:,35: DTb) clermosm), smm Acdurm 5.
Dmrgoly sbiuf` rmgocl tbm fmo`cld GU wctb tbm bcdbmst mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil arig jcigoss wctb03,0=4 DTb, wbceb rmprmsmlts tbm :?.5% ia tbm titof jcigoss mfmetrcecty cl tbm M]-:4. Lmxt cgpirtoltmfmetrcecty pri`uemrs wcff jm ]K (:1,?1> DTb), Ctofy (?2,42> DTb), Arolem (?4,?4? DTb), Uwm`ml(?1,4=5 DTb) ol` tbm Lmtbmrfol`s (?1,153 DTb). Pbm acrst tbrmm fmo`cld eiultrcms cl jci-mfmetrcecty
pri`uetcil (Dmrgoly, ]K ol` Ctofy) wcff eiltrcjutm ofgist 0>.4% ia tbm mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil cl tbmM]-:4, wbcfm tbm acrst acvm - Dmrgoly, ]K, Ctofy, Arolem, Uwm`ml ol` tbm Lmtbmrfol`s - wcff bovm osborm ia ==.5% cl jci-mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4.
Cl jcigoss bmotcld, sifc` jcigoss wcff privc`m 553?.: ^H (2?.> Gtim), jcidos wcff privc`m ?24.?^H (0.= Gtim) ol` jcifcquc`s wcff privc`m :>3.5 ^H (=.> Gtim) ia bmotcld ol` eiifcld cl :>:>.
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Oeeir`cld ti tbm LZMO^s sujgcttm` jy off GU, tbm pripism` tordmt wcff gmol ol clermosm ia 4>% cltbm usm ia bmotcld ol` eiifcld arig jcigoss; arig :,:>:.5 ^H (=:.1 Gtim) cl :>>= ti 5,1423.? ^H (3>.=Gtim) cl :>:>.
Arolem cs tbm fmo`cld GU wctb tbm bcdbmst bmotcld ol` eiifcld dmlmrotcil arig jcigoss wctb 112.2^H (?1,0== ktim) wbceb rmprmsmlts tbm ?2.: % ia tbm titof B&E arig jcigoss cl tbm M]-:4. Pbm lmxtcgpirtolt pri`uemrs wcff jm Dmrgoly (04=.5 ^H ir ??,5== ktim), Uwm`ml (534.5 ^H ir 3,03? ktim),
Aclfol` (:41.4 ^H ir 1,1?> ktim), Ctofy (:54.5 ^H ir =.14> ktim) ol` ^ifol` (:>4.: ^H ir 0,3=> ktim).Pbm acrst tbrmm fmo`cld eiultrcms cl jci-mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil, Arolem, Dmrgoly ol` Uwm`ml, wcffeiltrcjutm ofgist 0?.:% ia tbm bmotcld ol` eiifcld arig jcigoss cl tbm M]-:4, wbcfm tbm acrst acvm(Arolem, Dmrgoly, Uwm`ml, Aclfol`, Ctofy ol` ^ifol`) wcff bovm o sborm ia =0.2% cl jcigoss bmotcldol` eiifcld pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4.
Jciaumf
Pbm aclof mlmrdy arig jciaumf rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^-s jy :>:> cs ?:0:5.3 ^H cl tbm M]-:4, wbcebrmprmsmlts tbm ?:.? % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. (Acdurm ?).
Pbm ymorfy ovmrodm driwtb cs 1.1: %, biwmvmr ct `ims lit sbiw o stojfm clermosm ir `mermosm, ct cs
vmry vorcojfm, wbceb eol gmol o pifcey ol` eopctof rcsk.Dmrgoly, ]K, Arolem, Upocl ol` Ctofy prmsmltm` tbm bcdbmst ogiult cl jciaumf jy :>:>, oftidmtbmr
tbmy rmprmsmlt 1=.= % ia tbm titof aclof jciaumf pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4.
Pbm bcdbmst jciaumf sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> wcff jm F], GP, ]K ol` CM wctb ==.: %,:5.= %, :>.1 % ol` :> %, rmspmetcvmfy.
Pbm LZMO^U `oto sbiw tbot cl :>:> ojiut 015.5 ^H (??.? Gtim) ia jciaumfs sbiuf` jm cgpirtm` jytbm GU cl ir`mr ti rmoeb tbm ?>% jcl`cld tordmt. Pbcs sbiuf` rmprmsmlt 54.0% ia tbm jciaumf usm cl tbmM] cl :>:>. Biwmvmr, o port ia tbcs eiuf` eigm arig cltmrlof M] tro`m ol` o port sbiuf` jm cgpirtm`arig itbmr eiultrcms ti tbm M].
Gorclm tmeblifidy
Pbm gorclm mlmrdy rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^-s jy :>:> wcff jm :?.10 ^H cl tbm M]-:4, wbcebrmprmsmlts tbm >.: % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. Jmtwmml :>?> ol` :>:> tbm ogiult clermosm twmltytcgms girm (Acdurm ?). 1 eiultrcms, ]K, Arolem, ^irtudof, Crmfol`, Upocl ol` Ctofy, bovm rmpirtm` o
prm`cetm` pri`uetcil cl gorclm mlmrdy jy :>:>, tbm bcdbmst ogiult wos cl tbm ]K ol` Arolem wctb?0.:1 ol` 0.?= ^H, tbmsm twi eiultrcms rmprmsmlt tbm 2= % ia tbm titof gorclm mlmrdy pri`uetcil cl tbmM]-:4 (]K ofilm tbm 11 %). Arolem wos tbm ilfy Gmgjmr stotm wctb gorclm mlmrdy cl :>>= ol` :>?>.Pbmrm cs li fordm seofm eiggmrecof oppfceotcil ovocfojfm wctbcl tbm lmxt tml ymors si tbm fild tmrgtmeblceof cgprivmgmlt bovm ti jm privm .
Uifor mlmrdy
Pbm sifor rmsiurem (tbmrgof ol` mfmetrcecty tidmtbmr) clermosm` aiur aif` jmtwmml :>?> ol` :>:>(?5:.3 ^H ti 153.:: ^H). Pbm sborm clermosm` arig : ti 1 % (Acdurm ?).
Cl tbm sifor mfmetrcecty tbm M]-:4 eiults il Q ol` EU^ os wmff.
Pbm sifor mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil cs ofgist acvm tcgms girm cl :>:> tbol cl tbm ymor :>?> (41.= ^H ti545.: ^H). Pbm sborm clermosm` arig 5.5 ti 2.15 % (Acdurm 5).
Pbm bcdbmst sifor sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms mfmetrcecty wos aiul` cl Eyprus wctb 0=.0 %; Upoclol` Dmrgoly wutb ?3.2 ol` ?3.? %, aiffiwm` jy EX, MF, CP ol` F] wctb ?0.2 %, ?5.: %, ??.2 ol`
?>.2 %, rmspmetcvmfy (Acdurm 5).
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Pbm fmo`cld eiultrcms wctb tbm bcdbmst sifor mfmetrcecty dmlmrotcil jy :>:> wcff jm Dmrgoly wctboriul` ?=> ^H, Upocl wctb ?>4 ^H ol` Ctofy wctb 0>.? ^H. Jy :>:> tbmsm tbrmm eiultrcms rmprmsmlt 2> %ia tbm titof mfmetrcecty ia tbm M]-:4. Dmrgoly bos kmpt tbmcr fmo rifm sclem :>>=.
Pbm bcdbmst ^Q sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms cl :>:> wcff jm Eyprus wctb ?>.: %, Dmrgoly wctb 3.5%, GP wctb 1.4= %, MU wctb =.1 % ol` MF wctb =.? %. CP ol` EX wcff bovm 5.3 ol` 5.0 %,rmspmetcvmfy.
Cl :>:> cl tbm M]-:4 tbmrm wcff jm 20,0 DT clstoffm` ^Q eopoecty rmpirtm`.
Dmrgoly wcff bovm tbm bcdbmst pri`uetcil cl ^Q mlmrdy jy :>:> wctb ol ogiult ia ?03.= ^H, ol`tbcs eiultry bos kmpt tbmcr fmo cld pisctcil sclem :>>=. Cl :>:> Dmrgoly wcff rmprmsmlt tbm => % ia tbmtitof ^Q mlmrdy pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4 (5>?.? ^H). Upocl, Ctofy, Arolem ol` Drmmem wcff eiltrcjutmwctb =?.4 ^H, 50.2= ^H, :?.5= ^H ol` ?>.= H, cl itbmr wir`s 3> % ia tbm ^Q pri`uetcil wctbcl tbm M]-:4.
Pbm EU^ mlmrdy rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^-s jy :>:> wcff jm 4:.>3 ^H cl tbm M]-:4, wbceb rmprmsmltstbm >.4 % ia tbm rmlmwojfm mlmrdy gcx. (Acdurm ?).
Pbm EU^ dmlmrotcil sborm rmpirtm` cl tbm LZMO^ wcff rmoeb tbm ?3.5 % ia sifor mfmetrcecty jy :>:>
wbcfm tbm sborm ia tbm ZMU mfmetrcecty wcff jm ?.4 %, wctb o ymorfy ovmrodm driwtb ia :2 %. Jy :>?>tbm EU^ tmeblifidy wos ilfy prmsmlt cl Upocl wctb ol ogiult ia 0.?5 ^H ol` Ctofy wctb >.>5 ^H. Cl offtbm itbmr Gmgjmr Utotms tbm tmeblifidy wos fotmr cltri`uem`.
Upocl, Ctofy, Arolem, Drmmem ol` ^irtudof wcff off prmsmlt EU^ tmeblifidy jy :>:> (wctb ol ogiultia ==.0= ^H, 1.?0 ^H, 5.1? ^H, 5.=? ^H ol` >.2? ^H, rmspmetcvmfy. Upocl ofilm wcff rmprmsmlt 44 % ia tbmtitof EU^ mfmetrcecty pri`uetcil cl tbm M]-:4.
Pbm bcdbmst EU^ sborm wctbcl tbm rmlmwojfms mfmetrcecty wos cl Eyprus ol` Upocl wctb ?3.? % ol`?>. : %.
ZMU sborm ol` trohmetiry
Gist ia tbm M] Gmgjmr Utotms orm iptcgcstce ojiut tbm woy ti gmmt tbmcr tordmts arig ilfy`igmstce oetcil ol` rmsiurems (mvml girm iptcgcstce tbol cl tbm airmeost `ieugmlts). Pbm LZMO^`ieugmlts ia tbm Gmgjmr Utotms airmeost tbot tbm M] cl :>:> wcff mxemm` tbm :> % Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdyeilsugptcil tordmt jy >.4 %. Arig tbm LZMO^ olofyscs ct eol jm mxpmetm` tbot tbm M] wcff prijojfyrmoeb o lmt surpfus moeb ymor `urcld tbm cltmrcg pmrci` ultcf :>:> (Acdurm 1).
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Acdurm 18 Pbm cl`ceotcvm sborm ia tbm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdcms ol` LZMO^ ZMU surpfus ir `macect cl M]-:4 jy :>:>
8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/renewable-energy-snapshots-2011 59/62
8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/renewable-energy-snapshots-2011 60/62
Muripmol Eiggcsscil
M]Z :03=0 ML ― Hiclt Zmsmoreb Emltrm ― Clstctutm air Mlmrdy ol` ProlspirtPctfm8 Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits :>?? Outbir(s)8 Orlufa Hàdmr-Tof`ou, Gïrto Uzojõ, Aojci Gilairtc-Amrrorci, Bols Jfimg, Pbigos Buf`, ZijmrtiFoeof OroltmducFuxmgjiurd8 ^ujfceotcils Iaacem ia tbm Muripmol ]lcil:>?? ― =0 pp. ― :? x :3.4 eg
M]Z ― Uecmltcace ol` Pmeblceof Zmsmoreb smrcms ― CUUL ?>?2-==35CUJL 342-3:-43-:?532-0`ic8 ?>.:422/43>5:
Ojstroet
Pbmsm Zmlmwojfm Mlmrdy Ulopsbits orm josm` il vorcius `oto privc`mrs clefu`cld drmy `oto siurems ol` trcms tidcvm ol ivmrvcmw ojiut tbm fotmst `mvmfipgmlts ol` trml`s cl tbm `caamrmlt tmeblifidcms. @um ti tbm aoet tbotuleilsifc`otm` `oto orm usm` tbmrm cs ol ulemrtoclty gordcl wbceb sbiuf` lit jm lmdfmetm`. Tm bovm erissebmekm` ol` vofc`otm tbm `caamrmlt `oto odoclst moeb itbmrs, jut `i lit tokm oly rmspilscjcfcty ojiut tbm usm iatbmsm `oto.
8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/renewable-energy-snapshots-2011 61/62
Biw ti ijtocl M] pujfceotcils
Iur prcem` pujfceotcils orm ovocfojfm arig M] Jiiksbip (bttp8//jiiksbip.muripo.mu), wbmrm yiu eol pfoemol ir`mr wctb tbm sofms odmlt ia yiur ebicem.
Pbm ^ujfceotcils Iaacem bos o wirf`wc`m lmtwirk ia sofms odmlts. Siu eol ijtocl tbmcr eiltoet `mtocfs jysml cld o aox ti (5=:) :3 :3-0:4=2.
8/3/2019 Renewable Energy Snapshots 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/renewable-energy-snapshots-2011 62/62
Pbm gcsscil ia tbm HZE cs ti privc`m eustigmr-`rcvml secmltcace ol` tmeblceof suppirtair tbm eilemptcil, `mvmfipgmlt, cgpfmgmltotcil ol` gilctircld ia M] pifcecms. Os osmrvcem ia tbm Muripmol Eiggcsscil, tbm HZE auletcils os o rmamrmlem emltrm iasecmlem ol` tmeblifidy air tbm ]lcil. Efism ti tbm pifcey-gokcld priemss, ct smrvmstbm eiggil cltmrmst ia tbm Gmgjmr Utotms, wbcfm jmcld cl`mpml`mlt ia spmecofcltmrmsts, wbmtbmr prcvotm ir lotcilof.
F J-LO-: 0 3 = 0 -M L- E