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Energy
Renewable Energies in Germany – Focus on Solar Energy
Dr. Hartmut Grewe, energiewaechter GmbH
Consultant by order of Exportinitiative Erneuerbare Energien, sponsored by Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie
AHK-Business Trip Solar Energy, New York, March 13, 2012
www.german-renewable-energy.com
Agenda
Goals and Strategies of German Federal Government
Renewable Energies in Germany: Facts and Figures
EEG: Act on Granting Priority to Renewable Energy
Sources
Export Initiative Renewable Energies
Solar Energy „Made in Germany“
(Presentation of Invited Companies)
Energy
Goals and Strategies of German Federal Government
Goals: Energy Security and Climate Protection
German government intents to replace fossile and nuclear energies
step by step through renewable energies (wind and solar). But this
also implies the use of bioenergy.
Electricity, heat and fuels generated from renewable sources make a
country less dependent from energy imports. Besides they create
new jobs: 2009 more than 300.000 were employed in the RE-branch.
Renewable energies play a vital role in helping to reduce green
house gas emissions
Germany’s Energy Turnaround in 2011
Fukushima led to Germany’s energy turnaround by cabinet decision in
June 2011:
Nuclear power phase out until 2022…
…while keeping the aim to reduce CO2 emissions by 40% until
2020 and by 80% until 2050 (compared to 1990)
Increase share of RES up to 35% of electricity consumption (today:
17%); EEG remains major instrument to boost RES
Simplified approval procedures
R&D promotion for energy storage technologies
Increase of energy saving and efficiency
Increase of grid expansion
Energy Strategy: Renewables + Energy Efficiency
Conventional energies (fossile and nuclear) will play a different
role in the future energy mix of all energy consuming sectors. Also
the growth of renewables requires an integral strategy.
In the electricity sector you need to save by enhancing energy
efficiency, but you also need to expand the central grids and the
capacity to store huge amounts of energy, due to fluctuating input.
In the building sector you have vast renovation potentials for energy
saving. The German government prefers to promote private action
through economic incentives instead of regulatory measures.
It wants renewables growth with more innovation and cost
reduction. Energy prices of renewables need to be competitive in
order to protect both national industries as well as private consumers.
Energy
Renewable Energies in Germany: Facts and Figures
Share of Renewable Energies in Total Final Energy Consumption in Germany, 2010
Shares of renewable energy sources among total final
energy consumption in Germany 2010
Other fossil energy
resources (e.g. hard
coal, lignite, mineral oil,
natural gas) and nuclear
energy
89.1 %
Hydropower
0.8 %Wind energy
1.5 %
Biomass2)
7.7 %
Other renewables
0.9 %
RES share 2010
10.9 %
Total: 9,060 PJ1)
1) Energy Environment Forecast Analysis (EEFA) GmbH & Co KG; 2) Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste, biogenic fuels;
Source: BMU-KI III 1 based on Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat) and the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), according to Working
Group on Energy Balances e.V. (AGEB); RES: Renewable Energy Sources; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; 1 PJ = 1015
Joule; as at: July 2011; all figures provisional
Share of Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation in Germany, 1990-2010
Contribution of renewable energy sources to electricity
supply in Germany
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
[GW
h]
Hydropower Wind energy
Biomass * Photovoltaics
* Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; electricity from geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities produced; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kWh;
StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act;
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Christoph Edelhoff; as at: July 2011; all figures provisional
StromEinspG:
January 1991 - March 2000
Amendment to BauGB:
November 1997
EEG:
April 2000
EEG:
January 2009
EEG:
August 2004
Renewables Share of Total Electricity Generation in Germany, 2010
Structure of electricity supply from renewable energy
sources in Germany 2010
Hydropower:
19.9 %
Wind energy:
36.5 %
Photovoltaics:
11.3 %
Biogenic solid fuels:
11.4 %
Biogenic liquid fuels:
1.7 %
Biogas:
12.9 %Sewage gas:
1.1 %
Landfill gas:
0.7 %
Biogenic share of
waste:
4.5 %
* Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; electricity from geothermal energy not presented due to negligible quantities produced; deviations in the totals are
due to rounding; 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kWh; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); as at: July 2011; all figures provisional
Share of biomass *: 32 %
Total: 103.5 TWh
Share of RES in Total Final Energy Use in Germany
Renewables in Germany: Investments in 2010
Investments in the construction of renewable energy
installations in Germany 2010
8.8
10.6
12.5
16.8
19.9
26.6
13.5
23.7
16.5
12.8
6.8
8.4
10.7
9.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Inve
stm
ents
[B
ill. E
uro
]
Investments in RES
Investments in the electricity sector (RES)
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to the Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Wuerttemberg (ZSW); Years 2004 and 2005 estimated;
image: BMU / Dieter Böhme; as at: July 2011; all figures provisional
Renewables in Germany: Growth of Total Employment 2004-2010
Jobs in the renewable energy sources sector in Germany
3,400
9,500
56,800
63,900
4,500
8,100
119,500
85,700
6,500
14,500
7,800
102,100
7,500
13,300
7,600
120,900
122,000
96,100
1,800
25,100
10,300
49,200
80,600
128,000
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000
Geothermal
energy
Hydropower
Solar energy
Biomass
Wind energy
Increase: approx. 129 %
Figures for 2009 and 2010 are provisional estimate; deviations in totals are due to rounding;
Source: O’Sullivan/Edler/van Mark/Nieder/Lehr: "Bruttobeschäftigung durch erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 20010 – eine erste Abschätzung", as at: March 2011; interim report of research project „Kurz-
und langfristige Auswirkungen des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt“; image: BMU / Christoph Busse / transit
Publicly funded
research /
administration 2004 2007 2009 2010
160,500
jobs
277,300
jobs
367,400
jobs
339,500
jobs
Energy
RES Promotion in Germany: Act on Granting Priority to Renewable Energy Sources (“EEG”)
Feed-In Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources in Germany, 1991-2009
Feed-in and payment under
the Electricity Feed Act (StromEinspG) and
the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) in Germany
44.0 51.5 67.0 71.1 75.1 80.738.528.425.018.110.4
3.5
7.96.8
4.83.72.82.31.61.31.0
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
[Mill
. EU
R]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
[TW
h/a]
Feed-in under StromEinspG [TWh/a]
Feed-in under EEG [TWh/a]
Payment of fees [Mill. EUR]
StromEinspG: Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid; BauGB: Construction Code; EEG: Renewable Energy Sources Act; 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kWh; Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on
Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); Year 2010: provisional estimate (IfnE); image: BMU / Bernd Müller; as at: July 2011; all figures provisional
StromEinspG:
January 1991 - March 2000
Amendment to BauGB:
November 1997
EEG:
April 2000
EEG:
January 2009
EEG:
August 2004
RES in Private Ownership
EEG: Act on Granting Priority to Renewable Energy Sources
To protect the climate, the EEG aims to increase the proportion of
renewable energy sources in total energy supply to at least 30%
by 2020
Key features of the German EEG:
Fixed Feed-In tariffs over 20 years guaranteed by law for RES
system operators
Grid operators are obliged to connect RES systems to the grid and
to buy the electricity from the system operators to the tariffs
Tariffs vary according to the source of energy, e.g. Biomass, Solar
PV etc.
Amendments to the EEG at regular intervals in order to adjust the
act to current development of markets and (competitiveness of)
technologies
Lessons Learned: EEG 2012
Major amendments for 2012 compared to EEG 2009:
Tariffs
Adjustment (especially for wind energy and bioenergy)
Unification and Simplification
Implementation of incentives for direct marketing of electricity
Introduction of a “Market Premium”
Introduction of a “Flexibility Premium” (for biogas only)
Further Reductions in FITs for PV-Promotion!
Energy
Exportinitiative Erneuerbare Energien
Goals of Exportinitiative for Renewable Energies
Contribution to global climate protection
by using advanced RE-technologies
Support of German companies in export promotion
securing foreign markets for small and medium
enterprises
Contribution to international knowledge transfer
through patents and joint ventures
Services of Exportinitiative for Renewable Energies
Info Services
Special events, Country profiles,
Advice and Counseling
Business Promotion
AHK-business trips, customer services
Marketing Support
Presentation at foreign industrial fairs, Invitations to foreign customers,
Presentation of companies and products, Technology Fairs, Internet-
Platforms and Beacon-Projects
Programs for Emerging Economies
Support for special project development (PEP)
Energy
Solar Energy „Made in Germany“: Participating Companies from Germany
Company Representatives from Germany (1)
Abakus Solar AG
Representatives: Mr. James Huff, Mr. Roland Wigger
IBC Solar AG
Representative: Ms. Anja Burau
S.A.G. Solarstrom AG
Representative: Mr. Steffen Bittler
Vollmer Engineering
Representative: Mr. Hans Georg Vollmer
Company Representatives from Germany (2)
Decker GmbH
Representatives: Mr. Kay Rehberg, Ms. Nancy Fürst
Eisenmann AG
Representatives: Mr. Richard Hennessy, Mr. Michael Hachmoeller
Ritter XL Solar GmbH
Representatives: Mr. Oliver Kreis
Varista GmbH
Representative: Mr. Heiko Kunze
Energy
Thank you for your attention! Contact: Dr. Hartmut Grewe, energiewaechter GmbH E-Mail: [email protected]
