Renée A. Daugherty, Ph.D. & Sue E. Williams, Ph.D.

Developing Effective LeadersDeveloping Effective LeadersDeveloping Effective LeadersDeveloping Effective Leaders

Understanding LeadershipUnderstanding Leadership

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ObjectivesObjectives

As a result of participating in this module, you will learn: The new definition of leadership. Characteristics of outstanding leaders. Popular approaches to leadership. How to develop a personal leadership

style.

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A New Definition of LeadershipA New Definition of Leadership

The idea of leadership has evolved over time.

It is no longer considered an inborn characteristic.

People are capable of developing themselves as leaders through knowledge, understanding, and practice.

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A New Definition of Leadership (Cont.)A New Definition of Leadership (Cont.)

Recent research about leadership reflects four main themes: Getting things done. Building relationships. Creating a “Can Do” environment. Teaching leadership to anyone with a

desire to learn.

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Common Misconceptions about Leadership Common Misconceptions about Leadership

A leader must be in a formal position of power.Leaders should be leaders in all of their

endeavors.A leader possesses technical knowledge and

resources.Leaders are born, not made. It is solely the responsibility of the leader to take

leadership action.Leadership behaviors by others are a threat to

the power of the leader.

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Characteristics of LeadersCharacteristics of Leaders

Activity: What characteristics do you consider the most important for a leader?

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Successful LeadersSuccessful Leaders

Tolerate frustration.Encourage participation.Question themselves.Compete cleanly.Keep impulses under control.Win without exulting.Lose without moping.

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Successful Leaders (Cont.)Successful Leaders (Cont.)

Recognize legal restrictions.Acknowledge personal loyalties.Set realistic goals.Absorb risks taken by subordinates.Accept half-developed ideas.Make quick decisions when necessary.Listen effectively.

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Successful Leaders (Cont.)Successful Leaders (Cont.)

Move on after a mistake.Enjoy their work.Demonstrate resiliency.

“Always view defeat as nothing more than the temporary postponement of success.”

Understanding the characteristics of leaders is a major step towards understanding how leadership works.

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Studying LeadershipStudying Leadership

Two types of literature about leadership: Anecdotal evidence from success

stories and the opinions of experts. Scientifically researched theory.

For understanding the relationships between cause and effect, or the results of leadership actions.

Evolves over time.

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Popular Approaches to LeadershipPopular Approaches to Leadership

Situational LeadershipTransformational LeadershipServant LeadershipExemplary Leadership

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Situational LeadershipSituational Leadership

Focus on behavior, rather than trait or characteristic.

Emphasis on leader and follower interacting in various situations.

Leader’s style depends on the follower’s maturity level – knowledge and confidence – for a specific task.

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Situational Leadership (Cont.)Situational Leadership (Cont.)

Four leadership styles: Telling Selling Participating Delegating

Style depends on a combination of: Task Behavior (giving directions, one-way

communication). Relationship Behavior (two-way

communication).

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Situational Leadership (Cont.)Situational Leadership (Cont.)

More Relationship Behavior

More Task

Behavior

Telling

High Maturity

ParticipatingSelling

Low Maturity

Delegating

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Transformational LeadershipTransformational Leadership

Serves to change the status quo - a transformation.

Appeals to follower’s values and sense of higher purpose.

Engages leader with followers; raises motivation & morality in both.

Reframes issues in view of end values.

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Transformational Leadership (Cont.)Transformational Leadership (Cont.)

Motivates followers to exceed expectations by: Raising consciousness about the value of

goals. Getting people to transcend self-interest for

the sake of the organization. Moving people to address higher-level

needs.

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Servant LeadershipServant Leadership

Leaders serve first, and then lead.Servant leadership encourages

collaboration, trust, foresight, listening, and the ethical use of power and empowerment.

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Servant Leadership (Cont.)Servant Leadership (Cont.)

1. Listening

2. Empathy

3. Healing

4. Persuasion

5. Awareness

6. Foresight

7. Conceptualization

8. Commitment to the growth of people

9. Stewardship

10.Building community

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Servant Leadership (Cont.)Servant Leadership (Cont.)

Increased service to others.A holistic approach to work.A sense of community.Shared power in decision making.Respect, trust, challenge, and commitment.Developing the best in people.A shared vision.Dealing with change in a positive way,

focusing on human values.

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Exemplary LeadershipExemplary Leadership

A model of leadership; a guide for others to follow.

Focus on leadership practices rather than personality.

Sees leadership as first a personal journey of exploration, then a rally of others.

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Exemplary Leadership (Cont.)Exemplary Leadership (Cont.)

The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership Model the Way Inspire a Shared Vision Challenge the Process Enable Others to Act Encourage the Heart

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Practice 1. Model the WayPractice 1. Model the Way

Find your voice by clarifying your personal values.

Set the example by aligning actions with shared values.

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Model the Way: ActivityModel the Way: Activity

How will you “Model the Way?”

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Developing a Personal Leadership Style: SummaryDeveloping a Personal Leadership Style: Summary

Reflection – How has your thinking changed and broadened related to each practice?

Intention – How do you intend to implement each exemplary leadership practice as you move into a community leadership role?

Action – What specific actions will you take to demonstrate each of the five practices?

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Practice 2. Inspire a Shared VisionPractice 2. Inspire a Shared Vision

Envision the future by imagining exciting and ennobling possibilities.

Enlist others in a common vision by appealing to shared aspirations.

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Inspire a Shared Vision: ActivityInspire a Shared Vision: Activity

How will you “Inspire a Shared Vision?”

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Practice 3. Challenge the ProcessPractice 3. Challenge the Process

Search for opportunities by seeking innovative ways to change, grow, and Improve.

Experiment and take risks by constantly generating small wins and learning from mistakes.

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Challenge the Process: ActivityChallenge the Process: Activity

How can you “Challenge the Process” in your community?

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Practice 4. Enable Others to ActPractice 4. Enable Others to Act

Foster collaboration by promoting cooperative goals and building trust.

Strengthen others by sharing power and discretion.

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Enable Others to Act: ActivityEnable Others to Act: Activity

How can you “Enable Others to Act?”

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Practice 5. Encourage the HeartPractice 5. Encourage the Heart

Recognize contributions by showing appreciation for individual excellence.

Celebrate the values and victories by creating a spirit of community.

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Encourage the Heart: ActivityEncourage the Heart: Activity

How can you “Encourage the Hearts” of your group?

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Final Thought: Lessons from GeeseFinal Thought: Lessons from Geese

1. Find a common direction.

2. Be willing to accept help.

3. Share leadership responsibilities.

4. Encourage; don’t complain.

5. Stick together during rough times.